CN113162205A

CN113162205A - Energy storage system

Info

Publication number: CN113162205A
Application number: CN202010015305.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 何文贤; 偕少玮
Original assignee: Ways Technical Corp Ltd
Current assignee: Ways Technical Corp Ltd
Priority date: 2020-01-07
Filing date: 2020-01-07
Publication date: 2021-07-23

Abstract

Providing an energy storage system comprising at least: a battery device having an internal resistor; a first terminal and a second terminal, the first terminal and the second terminal being electrically connected to two electrodes of opposite polarities of the battery device, respectively; a capacitor device electrically connected in parallel with the first terminal and the second terminal, the capacitor device having an equivalent series resistance; a DC/DC converter electrically connected between the first terminal and the capacitor device. The invention is to connect a battery device composed of a secondary rechargeable battery and a capacitor device composed of a capacitor in parallel, and combine a DC/DC converter, and set the relationship between an equivalent series resistance and an internal resistance, or/and a relationship between the equivalent series resistance and a current upper limit value of a rated current range of the DC/DC converter, so as to prolong the battery cycle life of the secondary rechargeable battery.

Description

Energy storage system

Technical Field

The present invention relates to an energy storage system, and more particularly, to an energy storage system combining a battery device and a capacitor device.

Background

Handheld devices (pen-type, tablet and cell phone), electric locomotives and electric cars have become increasingly popular and include batteries inside. PCT patent publication WO01/89058a1 discloses placing a capacitor having a very low Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR) between the battery and the load in the circuit, and the ESR must be less than 0.5 times the internal Resistance (also called internal Resistance) of the battery, which serves to reduce the consumption of transient current and reduce the voltage drop produced across the battery. By reducing these voltage drops, the battery run time (Discharge-life time) can be extended before the lowest battery voltage is reached.

However, in practical applications of the aforementioned handheld devices, electric locomotives, electric automobiles, and the like, the Battery of the handheld devices uses a rechargeable Secondary Battery (e.g., a lithium Battery), and besides the aforementioned extended operation time of the Battery, another important factor of the rechargeable Battery is that the Battery Cycle Life (Cycle-Life) is also considered. The circuit design of WO01/89058a1 only considers the operation time of the battery, and does not consider that the quality of the electric power is affected by the dynamic response of the secondary rechargeable battery itself when the secondary rechargeable battery is actually used, which results in the circuit design of WO01/89058a1 not considering the battery cycle life required to be noticed when the secondary rechargeable battery is used.

Disclosure of Invention

The present invention is directed to an energy storage system, in which a battery device formed by a secondary rechargeable battery is connected in parallel with a capacitor device formed by a capacitor, and a relationship between an equivalent series resistance and an internal resistance or/and a relationship between the equivalent series resistance and a Current upper limit value of a rated Current range of a DC/DC converter are/is set in combination with the DC/DC converter (Direct Current to Direct Current converter, DC-to-DC converter), so as to prolong the battery cycle life of the secondary rechargeable battery.

To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a capacitor device, at least comprising: an energy storage system comprising: a battery device having an internal resistor; a first terminal and a second terminal, the first terminal and the second terminal being electrically connected to two electrodes of opposite polarities of the battery device, respectively; a capacitor device electrically connected in parallel with the first terminal and the second terminal, the capacitor device having an equivalent series resistance; a DC/DC converter electrically connected between the first terminal and the capacitor device; wherein the equivalent series resistance is greater than the internal resistance.

In an embodiment of the invention, the energy storage system further includes a third terminal electrically connected between the DC/DC converter and the capacitor device.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the third terminal provides power from the capacitor device to a load.

In an embodiment of the invention, the third terminal provides power to the battery device from an external power source.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the battery device is a secondary rechargeable battery, or a plurality of secondary rechargeable batteries are connected in series or in parallel.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the capacitor device is a capacitor, or a plurality of capacitors connected in series or in parallel, where the capacitor is a super capacitor, a multilayer ceramic capacitor, a tantalum capacitor, or an electrolytic capacitor, but not limited thereto.

In an embodiment of the invention, the DC/DC converter has a rated current range, the rated current range has an upper current limit and a lower current limit, the equivalent series resistance of the capacitor device has a lower resistance limit, the lower resistance limit is calculated according to the upper current limit, and the equivalent series resistance is not smaller than the lower resistance limit.

The present invention provides another energy storage system, comprising: a battery device having an internal resistor; a first terminal and a second terminal, the first terminal and the second terminal being electrically connected to two electrodes of opposite polarities of the battery device, respectively; a capacitor device electrically connected in parallel with the first terminal and the second terminal, the capacitor device having an equivalent series resistance; a DC/DC converter electrically connected between the first terminal and the capacitor device, the DC/DC converter having a rated current range, the rated current range having an upper current limit and a lower current limit; the equivalent series resistance is greater than or equal to a lower resistance limit, which is calculated according to equation (1):

wherein V is a rated voltage of the capacitor device, I is the current upper limit value of the DC/DC converter, C is a capacitance of the capacitor device, Δ t is a time required for charging and discharging the capacitor device, and R is the resistance lower limit value of the equivalent series resistance of the capacitor device.

The capacitor device is used for directly decoupling the transient voltage generated at the output end of the DC/DC converter, so that ripple current (ripple currents) is smooth, the influence of dynamic response of the battery device on the circuit operation quality is relieved, the output power is more stable, the cycle life of the battery device can be indirectly prolonged, and the decline of the battery device can be inhibited.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of an energy storage system of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the energy storage system of the present invention connected to an external power source.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of an energy storage system of the present invention connected to a load and an external power source with two switches.

Fig. 4 is a result of a charge-discharge cycle test in example 1 and comparative example 1 of the energy storage system of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a result of a charge-discharge cycle test in example 2 and comparative example 2 of the energy storage system of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a result of a charge-discharge cycle test in example 3 and comparative example 3 of the energy storage system of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a structural view of a first embodiment of a capacitor device of the energy storage system of the present invention.

Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the connection of the energy storage system to the capacitor device of the present invention.

Fig. 9 is a structural view of a second embodiment of a capacitor device of the energy storage system of the present invention.

Fig. 10A is a block diagram of two series connected capacitor devices of the energy storage system of the present invention.

Fig. 10B is a block diagram of three series connected capacitor devices of the energy storage system of the present invention.

Fig. 10C is a block diagram of four series connected capacitor devices of the energy storage system of the present invention.

Fig. 11A is another block diagram of two series connected capacitor devices of the energy storage system of the present invention.

Fig. 11B is another block diagram of three series connected capacitor devices of the energy storage system of the present invention. Fig. 11C is another block diagram of four series connected capacitor devices of the energy storage system of the present invention.

Description of reference numerals:

1 capacitor device

10 first capacitor

11 first electrode

12 second electrode

13 first electrolyte layer

14 first package

15 first isolation film

20 second capacitor

21 third electrode

22 fourth electrode

23 second electrolyte layer

24 second package

25 second isolation film

30 third capacitor

31 fifth electrode

32 sixth electrode

33 third electrolyte layer

34 third Package

35 third isolation Membrane

40 fourth capacitor

41 seventh electrode

42 eighth electrode

43 fourth electrolyte layer

44 fourth package

45 fourth barrier film

100 energy storage system

110 battery device

120 first terminal

130 second terminal

140 DC/DC converter

150 third terminal

160 load

170 external power supply

180 switch

A. A' decay Rate

C1, C2, C3, C4, C5 and C6 common electrode

P1 first extraction electrode

P2 second extraction electrode

Detailed Description

To facilitate understanding of the technical features, contents, and advantages of the present invention and the technical effects achieved thereby, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings in the form of embodiments, wherein the drawings are provided for illustration and description, and not necessarily for the actual scale and precise configuration of the invention after the implementation, and therefore, the appended drawings should not be read as limiting the claims to the actual implementation and the scale and configuration relationship thereof. In particular, the following series refers to electrical series, parallel refers to electrical parallel, and electrical connection are the same and all refer to electrical connection.

Referring to fig. 1, an energy storage system 100 of the present invention at least includes: a battery device 110, a first terminal 120, a second terminal 130, a capacitor device 1 and a DC/DC converter 140.

The battery device 110 has an internal resistor; the battery device 110 is a secondary rechargeable battery, or is composed of a plurality of secondary rechargeable batteries connected in series or in parallel. The battery device 110 is exemplified by a secondary rechargeable battery, and the battery device 110 has two electrodes with opposite polarities, such as a positive electrode and a negative electrode. In the case where the battery device 110 is composed of a plurality of secondary rechargeable batteries connected in series or in parallel, the internal resistance of the battery device 110 is the total internal resistance of the plurality of secondary rechargeable batteries calculated according to the series or parallel connection of the resistors.

The first terminal 120 and the second terminal 130 are electrically connected to two opposite polarities of the battery device 110, respectively, for example, the first terminal 120 is electrically connected to the positive electrode of the battery device 110, and the second terminal 130 is electrically connected to the negative electrode of the battery device 110.

The capacitor device 1 is electrically connected in parallel with the first terminal 110 and the second terminal 120, the capacitor device 1 has an equivalent series resistance; that is, the capacitor device 1 is connected in parallel with the battery device 110, and the capacitor device 1 and the battery device 110 are connected in parallel between the first terminal 110 and the second terminal 120. The capacitor device 1 is a capacitor, or is composed of a plurality of capacitors connected in series or in parallel, the capacitors are referred to as super capacitors, multilayer ceramic capacitors, tantalum capacitors or electrolytic capacitors, but not limited thereto. In the case where the capacitor device 1 is composed of a plurality of capacitors connected in series or in parallel, the equivalent series resistance of the capacitor device 1 is a total equivalent series resistance calculated by connecting a plurality of the capacitors in series or in parallel according to the resistance.

The DC/DC converter 140 is electrically connected between the first terminal 110 and the capacitor device 1, the DC/DC converter 140 has a current rating range (or referred to as an operating current range), the current rating range has an upper current limit and a lower current limit, for example, when the current rating range is 2A (amperes) to 0.2A (amperes), the upper current limit is 2A, and the lower current limit is 0.2A. The DC/DC converter 140 may be an architecture including a Boost converter (Boost converter) or a Buck converter (Buck converter).

The energy storage system 100 further comprises a third terminal 150, the third terminal 150 is electrically connected between the DC/DC converter 140 and the capacitor device 1, the third terminal 150 provides power from the capacitor device 1 to a load 160, as shown in fig. 2; alternatively, as shown in fig. 2, the third terminal 150 provides power from an external power source 170 to the battery device 110 through the third terminal 150 and the first terminal 110. Of course, a plurality of devices may be connected in parallel between the first terminal 120 and the second terminal 130, as shown in fig. 3, the energy storage system 100 utilizes two switches 180 to respectively control the third terminal 150 to provide power from the capacitor device 1 to the load 160, and the third terminal 150 to provide power from the external power source 170 to the battery device 110 via the third terminal 150 and the first terminal 110. Specifically, the load 160 may be a load disposed on a smart watch, a smart glasses load, a mobile phone load, an electronic lock load, an electric toothbrush load, a mobile phone load, or an electric vehicle load, but is not limited thereto.

In actual operation, the energy storage system 100 allows current to flow between the battery device 110 and the capacitor device 1 in both directions for charging and discharging the battery device 110, for example, using a Bidirectional DC-DC Converter (Bidirectional DC-DC Converter). In addition, in the energy storage system 100, the capacitor device 1 can withstand the number of discharge/charge cycles more than the battery device 110, so that the Cycle-Life (Cycle-Life) of the battery device 110 can be improved by connecting the capacitor device 1 and the battery device 110 in parallel in the energy storage system 100. In addition, when the third terminal 150 provides power from the capacitor device 1 to a load 160 (see fig. 2), the DC/DC converter 140 of the energy storage system 100 is connected between the first terminal 110 and the capacitor device 1, so that the capacitor device 1 can directly decouple (decouple) the transient voltage (transient voltage) generated at the output terminal of the DC/DC converter 140, so that ripple currents (ripple currents) are smoothed, which slows down the influence of the dynamic response of the battery device 110 on the circuit operation quality and makes the output power more stable, so that the cycle life of the battery device 110 can be indirectly prolonged, and the degradation of the battery device 110 can be suppressed. Also preferably, the equivalent series resistance is greater than the internal resistance. More specifically, the equivalent series resistance of the capacitor device 1 has a lower resistance value calculated according to the upper current value, and the equivalent series resistance is not less than the lower resistance value. The lower resistance limit is calculated according to equation (1):

where V is a rated voltage of the capacitor device 1, I is the current upper limit value of the DC/DC converter 140, C is a capacitance of the capacitor device 1, Δ t is a time required for charging and discharging the capacitor device 1, and R is the resistance lower limit value of the equivalent series resistance of the capacitor device 1.

Cycle life analysis method:

charge and discharge cycle tests were performed using lithium ion secondary rechargeable batteries including examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 3 described later: measurement was performed in a constant current-constant voltage (CCCV) charging mode and a Constant Power (CP) discharging mode, wherein the charge cut-off voltage was 5 volts (V) and the charge current was 2A; the discharge cut-off voltage was 2.8V and the discharge current was 2A. The cycle life is defined as the number of charge and discharge cycles performed by the tested lithium ion battery when its capacity drops to 80% of the initial capacity. It is to be noted that, while the embodiments 1 to 3 employ the structure of the energy storage system 100 described above, the comparative examples 1 to 3 employ the structure in which the capacitor device 1 of the energy storage system 100 is removed, in other words, the difference between the embodiments and the comparative examples is that the capacitor device of the embodiments is not employed in the comparative examples.

Cycle life analysis results:

cycle life test results of example 1 and comparative example 1: the capacitor device 1 of comparative example 1 and example 1 was a lithium polymer battery of Sanyo UF515761ST, which had a rated voltage of 3.7 volts, a rated capacity of 2600mAh, and an internal resistance value of less than 38m Ω (milliohm); the current upper limit value of the DC/DC converter 140 is 2A (amperes); the capacitor device 1 is selected from: the lower limit value of the equivalent series resistance of the capacitor device 1 is calculated by the above formula (1), wherein the rated voltage V of the capacitor device 1 is 5.0 volts, the upper limit value I of the current of the DC/DC converter 140 is 2 amperes, the capacitance C of the capacitor device 1 is 80mF (millifarad), and the time Δ t required for charging and discharging the capacitor device 1 is 10ms (milliseconds), so that the lower limit value R of the equivalent series resistance of the capacitor device 1 is 2.375 Ω after calculation by the formula (1), and the capacitor device 1 having the equivalent series resistance of 2.375 Ω is selected. Notably, the equivalent series resistance (which is 2.375 Ω) is greater than the internal resistance (which is less than 38m Ω). The test results are: when the capacity of the Sanyo UF515761ST lithium polymer battery is reduced to 80% of the initial capacity (i.e., the vertical axis in fig. 4, the capacity loss rate is 20%, and the scale of the vertical axis is-20%), the number of charge and discharge cycles performed in example 1 is 690, while the number of charge and discharge cycles performed in comparative example 1 is only 240, so it is apparent that the aforementioned structure of the energy storage system 100 adopted in example 1 can improve the cycle life of the Sanyo UF515761ST lithium polymer battery by 2.875 times (690 divided by 240), see fig. 4. In addition, the capacity loss rate of example 1 was only 4.9% for the 240 th cycle number, while the capacity loss rate of comparative example 1 was as high as 19.5%, so it is apparent that the aforementioned structure of the energy storage system 100 adopted in example 1 can effectively extend the cycle life and operating time of the Sanyo UF515761ST lithium polymer battery.

Cycle life test results of example 2 and comparative example 2: the capacitor device 1 of comparative example 2 and example 2 used LG ICP3339105L1 lithium polymer battery having a rated voltage of 3.7 volts, a rated capacity of 2060mAh, and an internal resistance value of 30m Ω (milliohm) or less; the current upper limit value of the DC/DC converter 140 is 2A (amperes); the capacitor device 1 is selected from: the lower limit value of the equivalent series resistance of the capacitor device 1 is calculated by the above formula (1), wherein the rated voltage V of the capacitor device 1 is 5.0 volts, the upper limit value I of the current of the DC/DC converter 140 is 2 amperes, the capacitance C of the capacitor device 1 is 80mF (millifarad), and the time Δ t required for charging and discharging the capacitor device 1 is 10ms (milliseconds), so that the lower limit value R of the equivalent series resistance of the capacitor device 1 is 2.375 Ω after calculation by the formula (1), and the capacitor device 1 having the equivalent series resistance of 2.375 Ω is selected. Notably, the equivalent series resistance (which is 2.375 Ω) is greater than the internal resistance (which is less than or equal to 30m Ω). The test results are: when the capacitance of the LG ICP3339105L1 lithium polymer battery is reduced to 80% of the initial capacitance (i.e. the vertical axis in fig. 5, the capacitance loss rate is 20%, and the scale of the vertical axis is-20%), the number of charge and discharge cycles performed in example 2 is more than 1000, while the number of charge and discharge cycles performed in comparative example 1 is only about 500, so it is obvious that the cycle life of the LG ICP3339105L1 lithium polymer battery can be improved by more than 2 times (1000 times divided by 500 times) by adopting the structure of the energy storage system 100 adopted in example 1, please refer to fig. 5.

Cycle life test method and results of example 3 and comparative example 3: the capacitor device 1 of comparative example 3 and example 3 used a Maxell ICP575673 lithium ion battery having a rated voltage of 3.8 volts, a rated capacity of 3100mAh, and an internal resistance value of 70m Ω (milliohm) or less; the current upper limit value of the DC/DC converter 140 is 2A (amperes); the capacitor device 1 is selected from: the lower limit value of the equivalent series resistance of the capacitor device 1 is calculated by the above formula (1), wherein the rated voltage V of the capacitor device 1 is 5.0 volts, the upper limit value I of the current of the DC/DC converter 140 is 2 amperes, the capacitance C of the capacitor device 1 is 80mF (millifarad), and the time Δ t required for charging and discharging the capacitor device 1 is 10ms (milliseconds), so that the lower limit value R of the equivalent series resistance of the capacitor device 1 is 2.375 Ω after calculation by the formula (1), and the capacitor device 1 having the equivalent series resistance of 2.375 Ω is selected. Notably, the equivalent series resistance (which is 2.375 Ω) is greater than the internal resistance (which is less than or equal to 70m Ω). The test mode is as follows: comparative example 3 after 200 times of charge and discharge, the structure of the energy storage system 100 was adopted to perform another 200 times of charge and discharge in example 3, in other words, a Maxell ICP575673 lithium ion battery after 200 times of charge and discharge was used as the battery device 110 in example 3, and then another 200 times of charge and discharge was performed. The test results are: in the stage of comparative example 3, the decline rate a of the Maxell ICP575673 lithium ion battery is 12.3%, please refer to fig. 6; however, at the stage of example 3, the deterioration rate A' is only 2.3%. Therefore, with the aforementioned structure of the energy storage system 100 adopted in embodiment 3, the decline of the capacity of the Maxell ICP575673 lithium ion battery (the battery device 110) is significantly suppressed.

Therefore, the battery device 100 including the secondary rechargeable battery is connected in parallel to the capacitor device 1, and the DC/DC converter 140 is combined to set the relationship between the equivalent series resistance and the internal resistance or/and the relationship between the equivalent series resistance and the current upper limit value, so that the battery cycle life of the secondary rechargeable battery can be reliably extended.

Production of the capacitor device 1:

first, referring to the first embodiment of the capacitor device 1 shown in fig. 7, the capacitor device 1 includes a first capacitor 10, a second capacitor 20, a third capacitor 30 and a fourth capacitor 40.

The first capacitor 10 has a first electrode 11, a second electrode 12 disposed opposite to the first electrode 11, a first electrolyte layer 13 between the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 12, and a first package 14 encapsulating the first electrode 11, the second electrode 12, and the first electrolyte layer 13.

The second capacitor 20 has a third electrode 21, a fourth electrode 22 disposed opposite to the third electrode 21, a second electrolyte layer 23 between the third electrode 21 and the fourth electrode 22, and a second package 24 encapsulating the third electrode 21, the fourth electrode 22 and the second electrolyte layer 23.

The third capacitor 30 has a fifth electrode 31, a sixth electrode 32 disposed opposite to the fifth electrode 31, a third electrolyte layer 33 between the fifth electrode 31 and the sixth electrode 32, and a third package 34 encapsulating the fifth electrode 31, the sixth electrode 32 and the third electrolyte layer 33.

The fourth capacitor 40 has a seventh electrode 41, an eighth electrode 42 disposed opposite to the seventh electrode 41, a fourth electrolyte layer 43 between the seventh electrode 41 and the eighth electrode 42, and a fourth package 44 encapsulating the seventh electrode 41, the eighth electrode 42 and the fourth electrolyte layer 43.

Wherein the first electrode 11 and the third electrode 21 are integrally formed, the fifth electrode 31 and the seventh electrode 41 are integrally formed, the second electrode 12 and the sixth electrode 32 are integrally formed, and the fourth electrode 22 and the eighth electrode 42 are integrally formed; the second electrode 12 is electrically insulated from the fourth electrode 22. The first electrolyte layer 13, the second electrolyte layer 23, the third electrolyte layer 33, and the fourth electrolyte layer 43 are independent from each other without contacting each other. It should be understood that the integrated molding (integrated molding) described above and described later means that the first electrode 11 and the third electrode 21 are formed by the same process without assembly (out assembly), for example: the first electrode 11 and the third electrode 21 are sheets (e.g. rectangular sheets) cut from one electrode plate into predetermined shapes, so that the first electrode 11 and the third electrode 21 are formed from one electrode plate by the same cutting process, and thus have integral molding. The term "unassembled" means that two electrode plates are not welded, bonded or otherwise combined, for example, the first electrode 11 and the third electrode 21 are not welded or bonded by conductive adhesive.

The capacitor device 1 may further include a first lead electrode P1 and a second lead electrode P2, wherein the first lead electrode P1 is electrically connected to the second electrode 12, and the second lead electrode P2 is electrically connected to the fourth electrode 22. Preferably, the first extraction electrode P1 is integrally formed with the second electrode 12, and the second extraction electrode P2 is integrally formed with the fourth electrode 22.

The first electrode 11, the second electrode 12, the third electrode 21, the fourth electrode 22, the fifth electrode 31, the sixth electrode 32, the seventh electrode 41, the eighth electrode 42, the first extraction electrode P1, and the second extraction electrode P2 are each an electric conductor made of an electrically conductive material having an electron conduction function, and are each independently a metal foil, a metal plate, a metal mesh, an activated carbon-coated metal plate, an activated carbon-coated metal foil, an activated carbon cloth, an activated carbon fiber, a metal-composite mesh, a metal-composite plate, a transition metal oxide layer or plate made of a transition metal oxide, or an electrically conductive polymer layer made of an electrically conductive polymer. Preferably, the first electrode 11, the second electrode 12, the third electrode 21, the fourth electrode 22, the fifth electrode 31, the sixth electrode 32, the seventh electrode 41, the eighth electrode 42, the first extraction electrode P1, and the second electrode 12 may be nickel metal foil. Preferably, the first electrode 11, the second electrode 12, the third electrode 21, the fourth electrode 22, the fifth electrode 31, the sixth electrode 32, the seventh electrode 41, the eighth electrode 42, the first extraction electrode P1 and the second electrode 12 may be nickel metal foils with activated carbon coatings on the surfaces.

The first electrolyte layer 13, the second electrolyte layer 23, the third electrolyte layer 33 and the fourth electrolyte layer 43 are electrolyte layers made of electrolyte, respectively, and preferably, water made of water is electrolyte layer, and water is electrolyte such as: lithium, sodium, potassium salts, or any combination thereof.

The first package 14, the second package 24, the third package 34 and the fourth package 44 are insulating layers made of insulating materials, preferably insulating materials with acid-base resistance, high water resistance and gas permeation resistance, such as glue film (glue) or thermosetting epoxy resin (EMC).

A first separator 15 having an ion conducting function may be disposed inside the first electrolyte layer 13, a second separator 25 having an ion conducting function may be disposed inside the second electrolyte layer 23, a third separator 35 having an ion conducting function may be disposed inside the third electrolyte layer 33, and a fourth separator 45 having an ion conducting function may be disposed inside the fourth electrolyte layer 43. The first isolation film 15, the second isolation film 25, the third isolation film 35 and the fourth isolation film 45 may be a cellulose film, a single-layer or multi-layer Polypropylene (PP) film, a Polyethylene (PE) film, a Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) film, a Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) film or a composite film of any combination thereof. Specifically, when the electrolyte is a solid electrolyte or a spacer (spacer), the first separator 15, the second separator 25, the third separator 35, and the fourth separator 45 may be omitted. The spacer is, for example, a plurality of ribs (rib) and is disposed at a distance from the electrode.

When the capacitor device 1 is electrically connected to the battery device 110 in parallel, the first lead-out electrode P1 is electrically connected to the second terminal 130, and the second lead-out electrode P2 is electrically connected to the third terminal 150 for charging, as shown in fig. 8. Referring to fig. 7 and 8, in the charging condition, the first extraction electrode P1, the second electrode 12, the sixth electrode 32, the third electrode 21 and the seventh electrode 41 have the same electrode polarity (for example, negative electrode); the second extraction electrode P2, the fourth electrode 22, the eighth electrode 42, the first electrode 11, and the fifth electrode 31 have the same other electrode polarity (e.g., positive electrode).

When the capacitor device 1 is connected to the load 160 for discharging, the first extraction electrode P1, the second electrode 12, the sixth electrode 32, the third electrode 21 and the seventh electrode 41 have the same electrode polarity (for example, negative electrode); the second extraction electrode P2, the fourth electrode 22, the eighth electrode 42, the first electrode 11, and the fifth electrode 31 have the same other electrode polarity (e.g., positive electrode).

When the capacitor device 1 is charged or discharged, the first capacitor 10 and the second capacitor 20 are connected in series because the first electrode 11 of the first capacitor 10 and the third electrode 21 of the second capacitor 20 are integrally formed; moreover, the fifth electrode 31 of the third capacitor 30 and the seventh electrode 41 of the fourth capacitor 40 are integrally formed, so that the third capacitor 30 and the fourth capacitor 40 form a series connection; therefore, the capacitor device 1 obtains a high potential by the aforementioned series connection.

When the capacitor device 1 is charged or discharged, the first capacitor 10 and the third capacitor 30 are connected in parallel because the second electrode 12 of the first capacitor 10 and the sixth electrode 32 of the third capacitor 30 are integrally formed; moreover, the fourth electrode 22 of the second capacitor 20 and the eighth electrode 42 of the fourth capacitor 40 are integrally formed, so that the second capacitor 20 and the fourth capacitor 40 are connected in parallel; therefore, the capacitor device 1 obtains a high capacitance by the aforementioned parallel connection.

Specifically, the first capacitor 10, the second capacitor 20, the third capacitor 30 and the fourth capacitor 40 may also be supercapacitors independently. The first package 14, the second package 24, the third package 34 and the fourth package 44 are electrically insulated from the first electrode 11, the second electrode 12, the third electrode 21, the fourth electrode 22, the fifth electrode 31, the sixth electrode 32, the seventh electrode 41, the eighth electrode 42, the first lead electrode P1 and the second lead electrode P2, respectively. For example, the first capacitor 10, the second capacitor 20, the third capacitor 30 and the fourth capacitor 40 each have a volts and B farads, and the capacitor device 1 has a high potential 2 times a volts because the first capacitor 10 is connected in series with the second capacitor 20 and the third capacitor 30 is connected in series with the fourth capacitor 40. Since the first capacitor 10 is connected in parallel with the third capacitor 30 and the second capacitor 20 is connected in parallel with the fourth capacitor 40, the capacitor device 1 has a high capacitance of 2 times B farad. In addition, preferably, since the first package 14, the second package 24, the third package 34 and the fourth package 44 are integrally formed, the capacitor device 1 can complete the series connection and the parallel connection among the first capacitor 10, the second capacitor 20, the third capacitor 30 and the fourth capacitor 40 in the capacitor device 1.

More specifically, the capacitor device 1 includes at least one common electrode (common electrode), which is a common electrode formed by using the same electrode plate among at least two capacitors, and at least one capacitor is formed on each of the upper and lower surfaces of the common electrode; in other words, the upper surface and the lower surface of the common electrode are simultaneously used, and the upper surface of the electrode or the lower surface of the electrode is not used as the conventional electrode, so that the capacitor device using the common electrode of the present invention can save the electrode material and make the entire thickness thinner, and is suitable for miniaturization of the capacitor device. For example, the capacitor device 1 has two common electrodes C1, C2. Since the second electrode 12 of the first capacitor 10 and the sixth electrode 32 of the third capacitor 30 are integrally formed, in other words, the second electrode 12 and the sixth electrode 32 are the same electrode plate, which becomes the common electrode C1 of the first capacitor 10 and the third capacitor 30, and the first capacitor 10 and the third capacitor 30 are respectively formed on the upper surface and the lower surface of the common electrode C1 of the first capacitor 10 and the third capacitor 30. The fourth electrode 22 of the second capacitor 20 and the eighth electrode 42 of the fourth capacitor 40 are integrally formed, that is, the fourth electrode 22 and the eighth electrode 42 are the same electrode plate and become the common electrode C2 of the second capacitor 20 and the fourth capacitor 40, and the second capacitor 20 and the fourth capacitor 40 are formed on the upper and lower surfaces of the common electrode C2 of the second capacitor 20 and the fourth capacitor 40, respectively. To describe in more detail, the four capacitors are divided into two groups, two capacitors in each group are connected in parallel, so that in the conventional method, four electrode surfaces cannot be used for manufacturing the capacitors, which results in waste, and the thickness of the formed capacitor device is more than twice of that of the capacitors (for example, two capacitors in each group are stacked up and down and connected in parallel); however, in the common electrode of the present invention, the capacitors (the first capacitor 10 and the third capacitor 30) are formed on both the upper surface and the lower surface of the common electrode (e.g., the common electrode C1) and are fully used without waste, and the unexpected result is that the thickness of the common electrode is the thickness of a single electrode (the thickness of the common electrode C1 in fig. 2), so that the capacitor device of the present invention is formed to be less than twice the thickness of the capacitor device of the conventional capacitor device, and thus the miniaturization is more desirable.

Referring also to the second embodiment of the capacitor device 1 shown in fig. 9, the second embodiment of the capacitor device 1 is similar to the first embodiment of the capacitor device 1, and therefore the description of the same parts will not be repeated, and the second embodiment of the capacitor device 1 is different from the first embodiment of the capacitor device 1 in the following points: in the second embodiment of the capacitor device 1, the second electrode 12, the fourth electrode 22, the sixth electrode 32 and the eighth electrode 42 of the capacitor device 1 are integrally formed, the first electrode 11 is electrically insulated from the second electrode 12, the fifth electrode 31 is electrically insulated from the seventh electrode 41, the first extraction electrode P1, the first electrode 11 and the fifth electrode 31 are electrically connected, and the second extraction electrode P2, the third electrode 21 and the seventh electrode 41 are electrically connected. Preferably, the first extraction electrode P1, the first electrode 11 and the fifth electrode 31 are integrally formed, and the second extraction electrode P2, the third electrode 21 and the seventh electrode 41 are integrally formed.

In the second embodiment of the capacitor device 1 described above, it is specifically explained that the capacitor device 1 has one common electrode C3. Since the second electrode 12, the fourth electrode 22, the sixth electrode 32 and the eighth electrode 42 are integrally formed, in other words, the second electrode 12, the fourth electrode 22, the sixth electrode 32 and the eighth electrode 42 are the same electrode plate, so that the common electrode C3 of the first capacitor 10, the second capacitor 20, the third capacitor 30 and the fourth capacitor 40 is formed, the first capacitor 10 and the second capacitor 20 are formed at the left and right ends of the upper surface of the common electrode C3 of the first capacitor 10, the second capacitor 20, the third capacitor 30 and the fourth capacitor 40, respectively, and the third capacitor 30 and the fourth capacitor 40 are formed at the left and right ends of the lower surface of the common electrode C3 of the first capacitor 10, the second capacitor 20, the third capacitor 30 and the fourth capacitor 40, respectively. Therefore, the common electrode C3 is the common electrode of the first capacitor 10, the second capacitor 20, the third capacitor 30 and the fourth capacitor 40, and the unexpected result is that the capacitor device 1 can save more electrode material and make the overall thickness thinner than the conventional capacitor device using only the upper surface of the electrode or only the lower surface of the electrode, and is more suitable for the miniaturization of the capacitor device.

When the capacitor device 1 of the second embodiment of the capacitor device 1 is charged or discharged, the first lead electrode P1, the first electrode 11, the fifth electrode 31, the fourth electrode 22 and the eighth electrode 42 have the same electrode polarity (for example, negative electrode); the second extraction electrode P2, the third electrode 21, the seventh electrode 41, the second electrode 12, and the sixth electrode 32 have the same other electrode polarity (e.g., positive electrode). Since the second electrode 12 of the first capacitor 10 and the fourth electrode 22 of the second capacitor 20 are integrally formed, the first capacitor 10 and the second capacitor 20 are connected in series; moreover, the sixth electrode 32 of the third capacitor 30 and the eighth electrode 42 of the fourth capacitor 40 are integrally formed, so that the third capacitor 30 and the fourth capacitor 40 are connected in series; therefore, the capacitor device 1 obtains a high potential by the aforementioned series connection. Since the second electrode 12 of the first capacitor 10 and the sixth electrode 32 of the third capacitor 30 are integrally formed, the first capacitor 10 and the third capacitor 30 are connected in parallel; moreover, the fourth electrode 22 of the second capacitor 20 and the eighth electrode 42 of the fourth capacitor 40 are integrally formed, so that the second capacitor 20 and the fourth capacitor 40 are connected in parallel; therefore, the capacitor device 1 obtains a high capacitance by the aforementioned parallel connection. In particular, since the second electrode 12, the sixth electrode 32, the fourth electrode 22 and the eighth electrode 42 are integrally formed, parallel connection and series connection can be achieved at the same time. Therefore, the capacitor device 1 can complete the series connection and the parallel connection among the first capacitor 10, the second capacitor 20, the third capacitor 30 and the fourth capacitor 40 in the capacitor device 1.

In the first and second embodiments, the first capacitor 10, the second capacitor 20, the third capacitor 30 and the fourth capacitor 40 of the capacitor device 1 are connected in series and in parallel, and if the first capacitor 10, the second capacitor 20, the third capacitor 30 and the fourth capacitor 40 have the same potential and capacitance, the capacitor device 1 has a potential 2 times a volts and a capacitance 2 times B farads.

Referring to fig. 10A to 10C, the present invention connects a plurality of the capacitor devices 1 in series, wherein the fourth electrode 22 and the eighth electrode 42 of one capacitor device 1 are integrally formed with the second electrode 12 and the sixth electrode 32 of another adjacent capacitor device 1; in other words, the fourth electrode 22 and the eighth electrode 42 of one of the capacitor devices 1 and the second electrode 12 and the sixth electrode 32 of another adjacent capacitor device 1 are the same electrode plate and become the common electrode C4 in two adjacent capacitor devices 1 (refer to fig. 10A). Therefore, the capacitor devices 1 are arranged linearly and the adjacent capacitor devices 1 are connected in series, so as to achieve the predetermined potential and capacitance. Fig. 10A shows two of the capacitor devices 1 in series, thus achieving a potential of 4 times a volts and a capacitance of 2 times B farads. Fig. 10B shows three such capacitor devices 1 in series, thus achieving a potential of 6 times a volts and a capacitance of 2 times B farads. Fig. 10C shows four of the capacitor devices 1 in series, thus achieving a potential of 8 times a volts and a capacitance of 2 times B farads. Obviously, as the number of capacitor devices 1 connected in series is larger, the saving effect of using the upper and lower surfaces of the common electrode is more significant.

Referring to fig. 11A to 11C, the present invention connects a plurality of capacitor devices 1 in series, that is, a plurality of capacitor devices (1) are arranged linearly and adjacent capacitor devices (1) are connected in series; the third electrode 21 and the seventh electrode 41 of one of the capacitor devices 1 are integrally formed with the first electrode 11 and the fifth electrode 31 of another adjacent capacitor device 1, respectively; in other words, the third electrode 21 of one of the capacitor devices 1 and the first electrode 11 of another adjacent capacitor device 1 are the same electrode plate and become the common electrode C5 in two adjacent capacitor devices 1 (refer to fig. 11A), and the seventh electrode 41 of one of the capacitor devices 1 and the fifth electrode 31 of another adjacent capacitor device 1 are the same electrode plate and become the common electrode C6 in two adjacent capacitor devices 1 (refer to fig. 11A). Therefore, a plurality of the capacitor devices 1 are connected in series to achieve a predetermined potential and capacitance. Fig. 11A shows two of the capacitor devices 1 in series, thus completing a capacitor device having a potential of 4 times a volts and a capacitance of 2 times B farads. Fig. 11B shows three such capacitor devices 1 in series, thus achieving a potential of 6 times a volts and a capacitance of 2 times B farads. Fig. 11C shows four of the capacitor devices 1 in series, thus achieving a potential of 8 times a volts and a capacitance of 2 times B farads. Similarly, as the number of capacitor devices 1 connected in series is increased, the saving of using the top and bottom surfaces of the common electrode is more significant.

As can be seen from the above description, compared with the prior art and the prior art, the energy storage system provided by the present invention is formed by connecting a battery device formed by a secondary rechargeable battery and a capacitor device formed by a capacitor in parallel, and combining a DC/DC converter, and setting a relationship that an equivalent series resistance is larger than an internal resistance, or/and setting a relationship that the equivalent series resistance is not smaller than a resistance lower limit calculated according to a current upper limit of a rated current range of the DC/DC converter, thereby reliably achieving an extension of a battery cycle life of the secondary rechargeable battery.

In summary, the energy storage system of the present invention can achieve the expected application technical effect through the above-disclosed embodiments, and the present invention is not disclosed before application, and completely meets the requirements and regulations of patent laws. The patent application is filed according to law.

The drawings and the description are only for the preferred embodiment of the invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention; other equivalent changes or modifications within the scope of the characteristics of the present invention, which are obvious to those skilled in the art, should be considered as not departing from the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An energy storage system comprising:

a battery device (110) having an internal resistance;

a first terminal (120) and a second terminal (130), the first terminal (120) and the second terminal (130) being electrically connected to two electrodes of opposite polarity of the battery device (110), respectively;

a capacitor device (1) electrically connected in parallel with the first terminal (120) and the second terminal (130), the capacitor device (1) having an equivalent series resistance;

a DC/DC converter (140) electrically connected between the first terminal (120) and the capacitor device (1);

wherein the equivalent series resistance is greater than the internal resistance.

2. The energy storage system of claim 1, wherein the energy storage system (100) further comprises a third terminal (150), the third terminal (150) being electrically connected between the DC/DC converter (140) and the capacitor device (1).

3. The energy storage system of claim 2, wherein the third terminal (150) provides power from the capacitor device (1) to a load (160).

4. The energy storage system of claim 3, wherein the load (160) is disposed on a load of a smart watch, a load of smart glasses, a load of a mobile phone, a load of an electronic lock, a load of a power toothbrush, a load of a hand-held power tool, or a load of an electric vehicle.

5. The energy storage system of claim 2, wherein the third terminal (150) provides power to the battery device (110) from an external power source (170).

6. The energy storage system of claim 2, wherein the capacitor device comprises: a first capacitor (10) having a first electrode (11), a second electrode (12) disposed opposite to the first electrode (11), a first electrolyte layer (13) interposed between the first electrode (11) and the second electrode (12), and a first package (14) encapsulating the first electrode (11), the second electrode (12), and the first electrolyte layer (13); a second capacitor (20) having a third electrode (21), a fourth electrode (22) disposed opposite to the third electrode (21), a second electrolyte layer (23) interposed between the third electrode (21) and the fourth electrode (22), and a second package (24) encapsulating the third electrode (21), the fourth electrode (22), and the second electrolyte layer (23); a third capacitor (30) having a fifth electrode (31), a sixth electrode (32) disposed opposite to the fifth electrode (31), a third electrolyte layer (33) interposed between the fifth electrode (31) and the sixth electrode (32), and a third package (34) encapsulating the fifth electrode (31), the sixth electrode (32), and the third electrolyte layer (33); a fourth capacitor (40) having a seventh electrode (41), an eighth electrode (42) disposed opposite to the seventh electrode (41), a fourth electrolyte layer (43) interposed between the seventh electrode (41) and the eighth electrode (42), and a fourth package (44) encapsulating the seventh electrode (41), the eighth electrode (42), and the fourth electrolyte layer (43); wherein the first electrode (11) and the third electrode (21) are integrally formed, the fifth electrode (31) and the seventh electrode (41) are integrally formed, the second electrode (12) and the sixth electrode (32) are integrally formed, and the fourth electrode (22) and the eighth electrode (42) are integrally formed; the second electrode (12) is electrically insulated from the fourth electrode (22); the capacitor device (1) further comprises a first lead-out electrode (P1) and a second lead-out electrode (P2), the first lead-out electrode (P1) is electrically connected to the second electrode (12), and the second lead-out electrode (P2) is electrically connected to the fourth electrode (22); the first extraction electrode (P1) is electrically connected to the second terminal (130), and the second extraction electrode (P2) is electrically connected to the third terminal (150).

7. The energy storage system of claim 6, wherein the second electrode (12) and the sixth electrode (32) are the same electrode plate to become a common electrode (C1) of the first capacitor (10) and the third capacitor (30), and the first capacitor (10) and the third capacitor (30) are formed on upper and lower surfaces of the common electrode (C1) of the first capacitor (10) and the third capacitor (30), respectively.

8. The energy storage system of claim 7, wherein the fourth electrode (22) and the eighth electrode (42) are the same electrode plate and become a common electrode (C2) of the second capacitor (20) and the fourth capacitor (40), and the second capacitor (20) and the fourth capacitor (40) are formed on upper and lower surfaces of the common electrode (C2) of the second capacitor (20) and the fourth capacitor (40), respectively.

9. The energy storage system of claim 2, wherein the capacitor device comprises: a first capacitor (10) having a first electrode (11), a second electrode (12) disposed opposite to the first electrode (11), a first electrolyte layer (13) interposed between the first electrode (11) and the second electrode (12), and a first package (14) encapsulating the first electrode (11), the second electrode (12), and the first electrolyte layer (13); a second capacitor (20) having a third electrode (21), a fourth electrode (22) disposed opposite to the third electrode (21), a second electrolyte layer (23) interposed between the third electrode (21) and the fourth electrode (22), and a second package (24) encapsulating the third electrode (21), the fourth electrode (22), and the second electrolyte layer (23); a third capacitor (30) having a fifth electrode (31), a sixth electrode (32) disposed opposite to the fifth electrode (31), a third electrolyte layer (33) interposed between the fifth electrode (31) and the sixth electrode (32), and a third package (34) encapsulating the fifth electrode (31), the sixth electrode (32), and the third electrolyte layer (33); a fourth capacitor (40) having a seventh electrode (41), an eighth electrode (42) disposed opposite to the seventh electrode (41), a fourth electrolyte layer (43) interposed between the seventh electrode (41) and the eighth electrode (42), and a fourth package (44) encapsulating the seventh electrode (41), the eighth electrode (42), and the fourth electrolyte layer (43); wherein the second electrode (12), the fourth electrode (22), the sixth electrode (32) and the eighth electrode (42) are integrally formed, the first electrode (11) is electrically insulated from the second electrode (12), and the fifth electrode (31) is electrically insulated from the seventh electrode (41); the capacitor device (1) further comprises a first extraction electrode (P1) and a second extraction electrode (P2), wherein the first extraction electrode (P1), the first electrode (11) and the fifth electrode (31) are electrically connected, and the second extraction electrode (P2), the third electrode (21) and the seventh electrode (41) are electrically connected; the first extraction electrode (P1) is electrically connected to the second terminal (130), and the second extraction electrode (P2) is electrically connected to the third terminal (150).

10. The energy storage system of claim 9, wherein the second electrode (12), the fourth electrode (22), the sixth electrode (32) and the eighth electrode (42) are one and the same electrode plate and become a common electrode (C3) of the first capacitor (10), the second capacitor (20), the third capacitor (30) and the fourth capacitor (40), and the first capacitor (10) and the second capacitor (20) are formed on the left and right ends of the upper surface of the common electrode (C3) of the first capacitor (10), the second capacitor (20), the third capacitor (30) and the fourth capacitor (40), respectively, and the third capacitor (30) and the fourth capacitor (40) are formed on the left and right ends of the lower surface of the common electrode (C3) of the first capacitor (10), the second capacitor (20), the third capacitor (30), and the fourth capacitor (40), respectively.

11. The energy storage system of claim 1, wherein the battery device (110) is a secondary rechargeable battery, or a plurality of secondary rechargeable batteries connected in series or in parallel.

12. Energy storage system according to claim 1, wherein the capacitor device (1) is a capacitor or consists of a plurality of capacitors connected in series or in parallel.

13. The energy storage system of claim 1, wherein the DC/DC converter (140) has a rated current range having an upper current limit and a lower current limit, the equivalent series resistance of the capacitor device (1) has a lower resistance limit calculated from the upper current limit, and the equivalent series resistance is not less than the lower resistance limit.

14. The energy storage system of claim 13, wherein the lower resistance value is calculated according to equation (1):

v is a rated voltage of the capacitor device (1), I is the current upper limit value of the DC/DC converter (140), C is a capacitance of the capacitor device (1), Δ t is a time required for charging and discharging the capacitor device (1), and R is the resistance lower limit value of the equivalent series resistance of the capacitor device (1).

15. An energy storage system comprising:

a battery device (110) having an internal resistance;

a DC/DC converter (140) electrically connected between the first terminal (120) and the capacitor device (1), the DC/DC converter (140) having a rated current range, the rated current range having an upper current limit and a lower current limit;

the equivalent series resistance is greater than or equal to a lower resistance limit, which is calculated according to equation (1):

wherein V is a rated voltage of the capacitor device (1), I is the current upper limit value of the DC/DC converter (140), C is a capacitance of the capacitor device (1), Δ t is a time required for charging and discharging the capacitor device (1), and R is the resistance lower limit value of the equivalent series resistance of the capacitor device (1).

16. The energy storage system of claim 15, wherein the energy storage system further comprises a third terminal (150), the third terminal (150) being electrically connected between the DC/DC converter (140) and the capacitor device (1).

17. The energy storage system of claim 16, wherein the third terminal (150) provides power from the capacitor device (1) to a load (160).

18. The energy storage system of claim 17, wherein the load (160) is a load disposed on a smart watch, a smart glasses load, a cell phone load, an electronic lock load, a power toothbrush load, a power tool load, or an electric vehicle load.

19. The energy storage system of claim 16, wherein the third terminal (150) provides power to the battery device (110) from an external power source (170).

20. The energy storage system of claim 16, wherein the capacitor device comprises: a first capacitor (10) having a first electrode (11), a second electrode (12) disposed opposite to the first electrode (11), a first electrolyte layer (13) interposed between the first electrode (11) and the second electrode (12), and a first package (14) encapsulating the first electrode (11), the second electrode (12), and the first electrolyte layer (13); a second capacitor (20) having a third electrode (21), a fourth electrode (22) disposed opposite to the third electrode (21), a second electrolyte layer (23) interposed between the third electrode (21) and the fourth electrode (22), and a second package (24) encapsulating the third electrode (21), the fourth electrode (22), and the second electrolyte layer (23); a third capacitor (30) having a fifth electrode (31), a sixth electrode (32) disposed opposite to the fifth electrode (31), a third electrolyte layer (33) interposed between the fifth electrode (31) and the sixth electrode (32), and a third package (34) encapsulating the fifth electrode (31), the sixth electrode (32), and the third electrolyte layer (33); a fourth capacitor (40) having a seventh electrode (41), an eighth electrode (42) disposed opposite to the seventh electrode (41), a fourth electrolyte layer (43) interposed between the seventh electrode (41) and the eighth electrode (42), and a fourth package (44) encapsulating the seventh electrode (41), the eighth electrode (42), and the fourth electrolyte layer (43); wherein the first electrode (11) and the third electrode (21) are integrally formed, the fifth electrode (31) and the seventh electrode (41) are integrally formed, the second electrode (12) and the sixth electrode (32) are integrally formed, and the fourth electrode (22) and the eighth electrode (42) are integrally formed; the second electrode (12) is electrically insulated from the fourth electrode (22); the capacitor device (1) further comprises a first lead-out electrode (P1) and a second lead-out electrode (P2), the first lead-out electrode (P1) is electrically connected to the second electrode (12), and the second lead-out electrode (P2) is electrically connected to the fourth electrode (22); the first extraction electrode (P1) is electrically connected to the second terminal (130), and the second extraction electrode (P2) is electrically connected to the third terminal (150).

21. The energy storage system of claim 20, wherein the second electrode (12) and the sixth electrode (32) are the same electrode plate to become a common electrode (C1) of the first capacitor (10) and the third capacitor (30), and the first capacitor (10) and the third capacitor (30) are formed on upper and lower surfaces of the common electrode (C1) of the first capacitor (10) and the third capacitor (30), respectively.

22. The energy storage system of claim 21, wherein the fourth electrode (22) and the eighth electrode (42) are the same electrode plate and become a common electrode (C2) of the second capacitor (20) and the fourth capacitor (40), and the second capacitor (20) and the fourth capacitor (40) are formed on upper and lower surfaces of the common electrode (C2) of the second capacitor (20) and the fourth capacitor (40), respectively.

23. The energy storage system of claim 16, wherein the capacitor device comprises: a first capacitor (10) having a first electrode (11), a second electrode (12) disposed opposite to the first electrode (11), a first electrolyte layer (13) interposed between the first electrode (11) and the second electrode (12), and a first package (14) encapsulating the first electrode (11), the second electrode (12), and the first electrolyte layer (13); a second capacitor (20) having a third electrode (21), a fourth electrode (22) disposed opposite to the third electrode (21), a second electrolyte layer (23) interposed between the third electrode (21) and the fourth electrode (22), and a second package (24) encapsulating the third electrode (21), the fourth electrode (22), and the second electrolyte layer (23); a third capacitor (30) having a fifth electrode (31), a sixth electrode (32) disposed opposite to the fifth electrode (31), a third electrolyte layer (33) interposed between the fifth electrode (31) and the sixth electrode (32), and a third package (34) encapsulating the fifth electrode (31), the sixth electrode (32), and the third electrolyte layer (33); a fourth capacitor (40) having a seventh electrode (41), an eighth electrode (42) disposed opposite to the seventh electrode (41), a fourth electrolyte layer (43) interposed between the seventh electrode (41) and the eighth electrode (42), and a fourth package (44) encapsulating the seventh electrode (41), the eighth electrode (42), and the fourth electrolyte layer (43); wherein the second electrode (12), the fourth electrode (22), the sixth electrode (32) and the eighth electrode (42) are integrally formed, the first electrode (11) is electrically insulated from the second electrode (12), and the fifth electrode (31) is electrically insulated from the seventh electrode (41); the capacitor device (1) further comprises a first extraction electrode (P1) and a second extraction electrode (P2), wherein the first extraction electrode (P1), the first electrode (11) and the fifth electrode (31) are electrically connected, and the second extraction electrode (P2), the third electrode (21) and the seventh electrode (41) are electrically connected; the first extraction electrode (P1) is electrically connected to the second terminal (130), and the second extraction electrode (P2) is electrically connected to the third terminal (150).

24. The capacitor device according to claim 23, wherein the second electrode (12), the fourth electrode (22), the sixth electrode (32) and the eighth electrode (42) are the same electrode plate and become a common electrode (C3) of the first capacitor (10), the second capacitor (20), the third capacitor (30) and the fourth capacitor (40), and the first capacitor (10) and the second capacitor (20) are formed on the left and right ends of the upper surface of the common electrode (C3) of the first capacitor (10), the second capacitor (20), the third capacitor (30) and the fourth capacitor (40), respectively, and the third capacitor (30) and the fourth capacitor (40) are formed on the left and right ends of the lower surface of the common electrode (C3) of the first capacitor (10), the second capacitor (20), the third capacitor (30), and the fourth capacitor (40), respectively.

25. The energy storage system of claim 15, wherein the battery device (110) is a secondary rechargeable battery, or a plurality of secondary rechargeable batteries connected in series or in parallel.

26. The energy storage system as claimed in claim 15, wherein the capacitor device (1) is a capacitor or consists of a plurality of capacitors connected in series or in parallel.