CN113162174B - 一种铅碳电池的电池管理方法 - Google Patents

一种铅碳电池的电池管理方法 Download PDF

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CN113162174B
CN113162174B CN202110440604.8A CN202110440604A CN113162174B CN 113162174 B CN113162174 B CN 113162174B CN 202110440604 A CN202110440604 A CN 202110440604A CN 113162174 B CN113162174 B CN 113162174B
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向波
崔安斌
任会平
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Sichuan Hangdian Micro Energy Co ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
    • H02J7/0048—Detection of remaining charge capacity or state of charge [SOC]
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种铅碳电池的电池管理方法，包括：根据电池运行环境温度自动整定充放电截止电压以及电池容量预估值；根据电池运行参数对电池进行充放电限制；实时监测电池SOC，在电池单体电压过低时，对电池进行补电。本发明能够根据温度自动整定电池充放电截止电压；根据运行参数对电池进行充放电限定，避免电池过充过放；采用本发明提出的方案可有效控制电池过充放情况的发生，减少因电池问题发生系统故障概率。

Description

一种铅碳电池的电池管理方法
技术领域
本发明涉及铅碳电池领域，特别涉及一种铅碳电池的电池管理方法。
背景技术
现有铅碳电池充放电未能对差异电芯进行有有效管理，导致单体电芯过充过放造成不可逆损坏，并且使用过程中未能考虑温度因素对电池使用影响，不能够按环境运行温度调整充放电保护阈值，不贴合电池特性进行充放电管理。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的问题，提供了一种铅碳电池的电池管理方法，具有参数自动整定功能，当运行温度变化后能够调整截止门限，管理系统的管理策略遵循电池特性。同时基于BMS电池管理系统模型建立出铅碳电池系统管理模型，当运行中电池数据超出设定告警或保护阈值时可以快速进行充放电限定，避免电池过充过放，从而达到保护电池的目的。
本发明采用的技术方案如下：一种铅碳电池的电池管理方法，包括：根据电池运行环境温度(即电池舱温度)自动整定充放电截止电压以及电池容量预估值；根据电池运行参数对电池进行充放电限制；实时监测电池SOC，在电池单体电压过低时，对电池进行补电。
进一步的，所述整定充放电截止电压方法为：根据电池运行环境温度对电池单体的充电截止电压以-3mv/℃进行补偿。
进一步的，所述整定电池容量预估值方法为：根据电池运行环境温度对电池的应剩余最低容量以-0.8％/℃进行补偿。
进一步的，所述充放电限制包括：实时监测运行参数，对比运行参数与设定阈值，若超过阈值则对电池充电电流/放电电流进行限制。
进一步的，所述充放电限制中，设定有告警阈值与故障阈值，当运行参数值超过告警阈值时，发出告警，并限制充/放电电流；当运行参数值超过故障阈值时，进行断电停机处理。
进一步的，运行参数包括电池单体电压、总电压、温度、充电电流以及电池单体压差。
进一步的，所述电池单体电压、总电压的阈值根据电池运行温度调节。
与现有技术相比，采用上述技术方案的有益效果为：能够根据温度自动整定电池充放电截止电压；根据运行参数对电池进行充放电限定，避免电池过充过放；采用本发明提出的方案可有效控制电池过充放情况的发生，减少因电池问题发生系统故障概率。
附图说明
图1是本发明提出的阈值整定流程图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步描述。
本发明提出了一种铅碳电池的电池管理方法，包括：根据电池运行环境温度自动整定充放电截止电压以及电池容量预估值；根据电池运行参数对电池进行充放电限制；实时监测电池SOC，在电池单体电压过低时，对电池进行充电。
现有铅碳电池浮充、均充单体门限按照固定值设定，为了在不同使用环境温度下电池应该可适时调整浮充、均充门限值，保证与电池特性一致，本发明中根据电池运行环境温度对电池单体的充电截止电压以-3mv/℃进行补偿，补偿公式为：单体截止电压＝(2.25+(运行温度-25)*补偿系数)*电芯数量。在一个实施例中，以6节电芯串联系统，25℃浮充单体截止电压为13.5v为例，按照计算0℃时浮充截止电压应该为 (2.25+(0-25)*(-0.003))*6＝13.95v。设备运行门限根据温度进行补偿，运行门限根据配置单体个数进行配置，比如此系统由34节单体串联构成，充电截止电压＝单体截止电压*串联电池包数量。
在不同运行环境温度下，容量会有不同限制(低温电池活性低，放电量减少)，所以在不同运行环境温度下应该考虑电池系统整体容量变化，在容量预估时需要考虑温度因素。低温充放电时根据容量“衰减”情况做相应限制，保证电池低温不过充过放，本发明中根据环境温度对电池的容量以-0.8/℃进行补偿，稳定运行温度范围0-40℃，其最低容量百分比限定按照(15+(25-当前环境温度)*0.8)％进行保护。
具体的，所述充放电限制包括：实时监测运行参数，对比运行参数与设定阈值，若超过阈值则对电池充电电流/放电电流进行限制。所述运行参数包括电池单体电压、总电压、电池温度、充电电流以、电池单体压差及系统SOC。
在一个优选实施例中，所述充放电限制中，设定有告警阈值与故障阈值，当运行参数值超过告警阈值时，发出告警，并限制充/放电电流；当运行参数值超过故障阈值时，进行断电停机处理，其中Vn表示按照温度整定后的单体截止电压。具体的：
当电池单体电压高于1.15Vn时，限制充电电流；当电池单体电压高于1.2Vn时，进行断电停机处理。当电池单体电压低于0.85Vn时，限制放电电流；当电池单体电压低于0.75Vn 时，进行断电停机处理。
当电池总压高于1.15Vn*34(34表示电池单体数量为34)时，限制充电电流；当电池总压高于1.2Vn*34时，进行断电停机处理。当电池总压低于0.85Vn*34时，限制放电电流；当电池总压低于0.75Vn*34时，进行断电停机处理。
当电池温度高于45℃时，限制充放电电流；当电池温度高于50℃时，进行断电停机处理。当电池温度低于-10℃时，限制充电电流；当电池温度低于-40℃时，进行断电停机处理。
当充电电流大于0.2c时，限制充电电流；当充电电流大于0.25c时进行断电停机处理。
当电池单体压差在开路状态下大于500mv或在运行状态下大于2000mv时，限制充电电流；当电池单体压差在开路状态下大于1000mv或在运行状态下大于3000mv时，进行断电停机处理。
当系统SOC低于15％时，限制放电电流，并触发充电操作；当系统低于5％时，进行断电停机处理。
如图1所示，电池单体电压、总电压的阈值根据电池运行温度调节。
本发明提出方案具有参数自动整定功能，当电池运行环境温度变化后能够调整截止门限，当运行中电池数据超出设定告警或保护阈值时可以快速进行充放电限定，避免电池过充过放，从而达到保护电池的目的。电池管理系统具备自动补电功能，当铅碳电池单体电压低于设定阈值时，管理系统可自动给电池补电，避免电池长时间过放电导致不可逆损害。
本发明并不局限于前述的具体实施方式。本发明扩展到任何在本说明书中披露的新特征或任何新的组合，以及披露的任一新的方法或过程的步骤或任何新的组合。如果本领域技术人员，在不脱离本发明的精神所做的非实质性改变或改进，都应该属于本发明权利要求保护的范围。
本说明书中公开的所有特征，或公开的所有方法或过程中的步骤，除了互相排斥的特征和/或步骤以外，均可以以任何方式组合。
本说明书中公开的任一特征，除非特别叙述，均可被其他等效或具有类似目的的替代特征加以替换。即，除非特别叙述，每个特征只是一系列等效或类似特征中的一个例子而已。

Claims (6)

1.一种铅碳电池的电池管理方法，其特征在于，包括：根据电池运行环境温度自动整定充放电截止电压以及电池容量预估值；根据电池运行参数对电池进行充放电限制；实时监测电池SOC，在电池单体电压过低时，对电池进行补电；
根据环境温度对电池的容量以-0.8/℃进行补偿，稳定运行温度范围0-40℃，其最低容量百分比限定按照（15+（25-当前环境温度）*0.8）%进行保护；
当电池单体电压高于1.15Vn时，限制充电电流；当电池单体电压高于1.2Vn时，进行断电停机处理；当电池单体电压低于0.85Vn时，限制放电电流；当电池单体电压低于0.75Vn时，进行断电停机处理；
当电池总压高于1.15Vn*34时，限制充电电流；当电池总压高于1.2Vn*34时，进行断电停机处理；当电池总压低于0.85Vn*34时，限制放电电流；当电池总压低于0.75Vn*34时，进行断电停机处理；其中，34为电池单体数量，Vn表示按照温度整定后的单体截止电压；
当电池温度高于45℃时，限制充放电电流；当电池温度高于50℃时，进行断电停机处理；当电池温度低于-10℃时，限制充电电流；当电池温度低于-40℃时，进行断电停机处理；
当充电电流大于0.2c时，限制充电电流；当充电电流大于0.25c时进行断电停机处理；
当电池单体压差在开路状态下大于500mv或在运行状态下大于2000mv时，限制充电电流；当电池单体压差在开路状态下大于1000mv或在运行状态下大于3000mv时，进行断电停机处理；
当系统SOC低于15%时，限制放电电流，并触发充电操作；当系统SOC低于5%时，进行断电停机处理。
2.根据权利要求1所述的铅碳电池的电池管理方法，其特征在于，整定充放电截止电压方法为：根据电池运行环境温度对电池单体的充电截止电压以-3mv/℃进行补偿。
3.根据权利要求1所述的铅碳电池的电池管理方法，其特征在于，充放电限制包括：实时监测运行参数，对比运行参数与设定阈值，若超过阈值则对电池充电电流/放电电流进行限制。
4.根据权利要求3所述的铅碳电池的电池管理方法，其特征在于，所述充放电限制中，设定有告警阈值与故障阈值，当运行参数值超过告警阈值时，发出告警，并限制充/放电电流；当运行参数值超过故障阈值时，进行断电停机处理。
5.根据权利要求3所述的铅碳电池的电池管理方法，其特征在于，运行参数包括电池单体电压、总电压、温度、充电电流以及电池单体压差。
6.根据权利要求5所述的铅碳电池的电池管理方法，其特征在于，所述电池单体电压、总电压的阈值根据电池运行温度调节。
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