CN113162046A - Three-phase alternating current adjustable reactor and harmonic suppression device - Google Patents
Three-phase alternating current adjustable reactor and harmonic suppression device Download PDFInfo
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- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005067 remediation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005294 ferromagnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005307 ferromagnetism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/01—Arrangements for reducing harmonics or ripples
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
- H01F27/24—Magnetic cores
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
- H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F29/00—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y02E40/40—Arrangements for reducing harmonics
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Abstract
The invention relates to a three-phase alternating-current adjustable reactor and a harmonic suppression device, and belongs to the technical field of power system automation. The harmonic treatment device includes: the three-phase alternating current adjustable reactor comprises an iron core, a control coil and three working coils; the iron core comprises three vertical magnetic core columns and two horizontal magnetic core columns; the control coil is wound on the horizontal magnetic core column; each working coil is respectively wound on the vertical magnetic core column of the iron core and is connected in a power grid where the nonlinear load is positioned; the current sensor is arranged on the nonlinear load side in the power grid; the direct current side of the controllable rectifier is connected with two ends of the control coil, and the alternating current side of the controllable rectifier is connected with an alternating current power supply; and the input end of the controller is connected with the current sensor, and the output end of the controller is connected with the control end of the controllable rectifier in a control mode. The invention is based on the principle of a magnetic circuit, and utilizes the three-phase alternating current adjustable reactor to realize the elimination of harmonic waves, thereby preventing harmonic wave quantity from entering a power grid.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a three-phase alternating-current adjustable reactor and a harmonic suppression device, and belongs to the technical field of power system automation.
Background
With the rapid progress of the times and the rapid development of scientific technology, electrical equipment such as precision instruments, computers and the like are more important and widely applied in the information times, and the products can not be powered by a power grid. In the existing power system, the power electronic converter can quickly and efficiently complete the conversion of characteristics such as voltage, frequency and the like due to strong controllability and simple topological structure, so that the power electronic converter occupies an increasingly important position and is increasingly applied to the current power system.
Power electronic converters belong to one of the non-linear devices, which mainly refer to devices that generate non-sinusoidal currents at sinusoidal supply voltages, and can be generally classified into three types: the first type is equipment using an electric arc with strong nonlinear characteristics as a working medium, such as a gas discharge lamp, an alternating current arc furnace, an alternating current arc welding machine and the like; the second category refers to iron core devices with ferromagnetic saturation characteristics, such as transformers and reactors; the third category is switching power supply equipment based on power electronic elements, such as various power electronic current transformation equipment (rectifiers, inverters, frequency converters, etc.), phase control speed regulation and voltage regulation devices, large-capacity power thyristor controllable switching equipment, etc.
When the electrical equipment is used, besides the need of reliable power supply, the requirement for high power quality is also achieved. Generally, the power quality problem concerned by people mainly focuses on voltage deviation, three-phase voltage balance, frequency deviation and output reliability, and the power quality problem becomes more prominent along with the increase of the proportion of the nonlinear load. A significant feature of non-linear electrical devices (i.e. non-linear loads) is that they draw a non-sinusoidal current from the grid, i.e. even if the power supply supplies these non-linear loads with a voltage of sinusoidal waveform, the current flowing through the grid is non-sinusoidal due to their non-linear voltage-current characteristics, in which the current does not vary synchronously with the voltage, and the waveform of this current consists of the fundamental wave and harmonics which are integer and fractional multiples of the fundamental frequency, i.e. harmonics are generated. Harmonics generated by non-linear loads will cause distortion of the supply voltage waveform, degrading the supply quality of the Point of Common Coupling (PCC), creating the following hazards:
1. harmonic current has the potential danger of resonance after entering a power grid, and the problems of large-range and large-amplitude overvoltage and overcurrent occur as a result of resonance, so that the safe operation of a power system is threatened.
2. The higher harmonics are transmitted through the power system, which causes an increase in copper loss and iron loss, overheating of the equipment, and generation of noise.
3. The negative sequence component of the higher harmonics may cause the rotating equipment to generate torque in the opposite direction, causing mechanical damage and heat loss.
4. The higher harmonics can threaten the insulation level of electrical equipment, increase the dielectric loss and increase the charging current, thereby causing various faults and causing huge losses to economy and production.
Therefore, harmonic waves need to be treated, and particularly in the use scene of a high-power converter, the harmonic waves need to be suppressed. Therefore, a technical scheme for harmonic suppression needs to be provided to ensure the quality of the power grid.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to provide a three-phase alternating-current adjustable reactor and a harmonic suppression device, and provides an effective technical scheme for eliminating harmonic in a power grid.
In order to achieve the above object, the present application provides a technical scheme of a harmonic suppression device, including:
the three-phase alternating-current adjustable reactor comprises an iron core, a control coil, an A-phase working coil, a B-phase working coil and a C-phase working coil; the iron core is an EI-shaped iron core and comprises three vertical magnetic core columns and two horizontal magnetic core columns; the control coil is wound on the horizontal magnetic core column; each working coil is respectively wound on the vertical magnetic core column of the iron core and is connected in a power grid where the nonlinear load is positioned;
the current sensor is arranged on the nonlinear load side in the power grid to detect the current magnitude of the nonlinear load;
the direct current side of the controllable rectifier is connected with two ends of the control coil, and the alternating current side of the controllable rectifier is connected with an alternating current power supply;
and the input end of the controller is connected with the current sensor, and the output end of the controller is connected with the control end of the controllable rectifier in a control mode.
The technical scheme of the harmonic treatment device has the beneficial effects that: the controller of the invention analyzes whether harmonic exists in the power grid through the current acquired by the current sensor, when the harmonic exists, the control quantity of the controllable rectifier is calculated, and then the direct current output is controlled, and the three-phase alternating current adjustable reactor generates adjustable inductance quantity according to the direct current input control coil, and controls the harmonic on the magnetic circuit. The invention is based on the principle of a magnetic circuit, realizes the elimination of harmonic waves by utilizing the three-phase alternating-current adjustable reactor, thereby avoiding the harmonic wave quantity from entering the power grid, reducing the pollution to the power grid, improving the reliability of the safe operation of the power grid and the transformer and having great practical significance to the whole power system.
Further, in order to improve the stability of direct current output, a filter reactor is arranged between the alternating current side of the controllable rectifier and the alternating current power supply.
Further, in order to improve the control accuracy of the controllable rectifier, the controllable rectifier is a full-bridge rectifier.
Furthermore, the direct current output end of the controllable rectifier is connected with a filter capacitor in parallel.
Further, for more accurate harmonic analysis, the current sensors include a phase-a current sensor, a phase-B current sensor and a phase-C current sensor, and the current sensors are respectively disposed on the phases of the power grid.
Further, the number of the control coils is 1, and the control coils are wound on one horizontal magnetic core column.
In addition, this application still provides a technical scheme of three-phase AC adjustable reactor, includes:
the iron core is an EI-shaped iron core and comprises three vertical magnetic core columns and two horizontal magnetic core columns;
the control coil is wound on the horizontal magnetic core column, and two ends of the control coil are used for being connected with an adjustable direct-current power supply;
the phase-A working coil, the phase-B working coil and the phase-C working coil are respectively wound on the vertical magnetic core column of the iron core, and the working coils are used for being connected to a power grid where the nonlinear load is located.
The technical scheme of the three-phase alternating current adjustable reactor has the beneficial effects that: the three-phase alternating current adjustable reactor of the invention can generate adjustable inductance according to the direct current input control coil and control harmonic waves on a magnetic circuit. The invention is based on the principle of a magnetic circuit, realizes the elimination of harmonic waves by utilizing the three-phase alternating-current adjustable reactor, thereby avoiding the harmonic wave quantity from entering the power grid, reducing the pollution to the power grid, improving the reliability of the safe operation of the power grid and the transformer and having great practical significance to the whole power system.
Further, the number of the control coils is 1, and the control coils are wound on one horizontal magnetic core column.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of a harmonic abatement device of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a control block diagram of the harmonic abatement device of the present invention;
in the figure: the device comprises a single-phase alternating-current power grid 1, a filter reactor 2, a controllable rectifier 3, a controller 4, a three-phase alternating-current adjustable reactor 5, a nonlinear load 6, a first IGBT7, a second IGBT8, a third IGBT9, a fourth IGBT 10, a filter capacitor 11, a control coil 12, an iron core 13, an A-phase working coil 14, a B-phase working coil 15, a C-phase working coil 16, an A-phase current sensor 17, a B-phase current sensor 18 and a C-phase current sensor 19.
Detailed Description
Harmonic governance device embodiment:
the working principle is as follows: according to the ferromagnetism theory, under the simultaneous action of a stable magnetic field and an alternating magnetic field, the magnetization M of a ferromagnet revolves around the stable magnetic field at a certain frequency, so that even if only the alternating component of a certain coordinate axis exists, the magnetization M of the same coordinate axis and the magnetization M of other coordinate axes or the components of magnetic induction intensity can be generated inevitably. At this time, the permeability of the ferromagnet becomes tensor. The iron core is arranged and simultaneously subjected to an external direct current field HeAnd the relationship between the alternating magnetization m and the alternating magnetic field h can be obtained through the action of the alternating field h.
The equation of motion for the magnetization vector M, based on the gyromagnetic properties of a ferromagnetic substance, is:
in the formula: gamma is gyromagnetic ratio; heffIs the total effective field.
Heff＝hxi+hyj+(He+hz)k (2)
M＝mxi+myj+(M0+mz)k (3)
In the formula: hx, hy, hz is HeffAn alternating component of (a); heAn external steady magnetic field; m isx,my,mzThe alternating components of the magnetization M in the x, y, z directions, respectively;M0is the constant component of the magnetization M in the z-axis direction.
Substituting formula (2) or formula (3) for formula (1) to obtain:
h is defined as h0eiω，m＝m0eiω，ω0＝γHe，ωm＝γMs≈γM0(MsFor saturation magnetization), solving the system of differential equations of equation (4) yields:
the system of equations rewrite (5) can be written as
m＝χ·h
In the formula: χ is an expression of the magnetic susceptibility of the tensor,
the physical meaning of the tensor magnetic susceptibility χ is: when the iron core is subjected to an alternating-current and direct-current orthogonal magnetic field, a direct-current bias magnetic field perpendicular to the alternating-current magnetic field changes the permeability of the iron core in the direction of the alternating-current magnetic field as well as the permeability of the iron core in the direction of the direct-current magnetic field. The change in permeability in the direction of the alternating field directly determines the inductance of the adjustable inductor. This characteristic is precisely the regulation principle on which the adjustable reactor is based.
As shown in fig. 1, the harmonic suppression device includes a single-phase ac power grid 1, a filter reactor 2, a controllable rectifier 3, a controller 4, a three-phase ac adjustable reactor 5, an a-phase current sensor 17, a B-phase current sensor 18, and a C-phase current sensor 19.
Wherein, single-phase alternating current electric wire netting 1 is alternating current power supply for provide the power for harmonic treatment device.
The input end of the filter reactor 2 is connected with the output end of the single-phase alternating current power grid 1 to filter the alternating current power supply.
The controllable rectifier 3 is a full-bridge rectifier, the alternating current side of the controllable rectifier 3 is connected with the output end of the filter reactor 2 and is used for outputting adjustable direct current, the controllable rectifier 3 comprises a first IGBT7, a second IGBT8, a third IGBT9 and a fourth IGB T10, the first IGBT7 and the third IGBT9 are connected in series to form a bridge arm, the second IGBT8 and the fourth IGB T10 are connected in series to form a bridge arm, and the direct current output end of the controllable rectifier 3 is connected with the filter capacitor 11 in parallel.
The three-phase alternating current adjustable reactor 5 comprises an iron core 13, a control coil 12 and three working coils; the three working coils comprise an A-phase working coil 14, a B-phase working coil 15 and a C-phase working coil 16; the iron core 13 is an EI-shaped iron core and comprises three vertical magnetic core columns and two horizontal magnetic core columns; the control coil 12 is wound on one horizontal core leg and the operating coils are wound on the vertical core legs of the core 13, respectively. An alternating current type direct current reactor (namely a three-phase alternating current adjustable reactor 5) is one of direct current excitation controllable reactors, a body is composed of EI type iron cores, a reactor winding is divided into a working winding and a control winding 12, each working coil is connected in a power grid where a nonlinear load 6 is located, and the control winding 12 is used for being connected with an adjustable direct current power supply and providing adjustable direct current for the control winding 12, as shown in figure 1. The size and the direction of the superposed magnetic flux of the overlapped part of the E-type iron core and the I-type iron core can be changed by adjusting the size of the direct current flowing in the control winding 12, so that the reactance value of the adjustable reactor is changed along with the increase and the decrease of the control current. Direct current and alternating current are respectively connected to the control winding 12 and each working winding, and generated direct current magnetic flux and alternating current magnetic flux are vector-superposed in space. By changing the magnitude of the dc current in the control winding 12, not only the magnetic permeability of the core in the direction of the dc magnetic field can be changed, but also the magnetic permeability in the direction of the ac magnetic field is affected, so that the magnetic field at the overlapping portion of the two cores is shifted in the direction of the dc magnetic field by a certain extent. The larger the direct current in the control winding 12 is, the stronger the generated direct current magnetic field is, the larger the deviation amplitude of the common part magnetic field to the direction of the direct current magnetic field is, the component of the magnetic field at the overlapped part of the two iron cores in the direction of the alternating current magnetic field is weakened, and the equivalent reactance value of the adjustable reactor is reduced. The direct current is obtained according to a single-phase alternating current power grid 1, a filter reactor 2 and a controllable rectifier 3, and the size of the direct current output is adjusted through a controller 4. The three-phase alternating current adjustable reactor 5 is used for generating adjustable inductance by receiving adjustable direct current through the control coil 12 so as to eliminate harmonic waves.
The a-phase current sensor 17, the B-phase current sensor 18, and the C-phase current sensor 19 are provided on the nonlinear load 6 side in the grid, and detect the a-phase current, the B-phase current, and the C-phase current of the nonlinear load 6.
The input end of the controller 4 is connected with the A-phase current sensor 17, the B-phase current sensor 18 and the C-phase current sensor 19 in a sampling manner, and the output end of the controller 4 is connected with the control end of the controllable rectifier 3. The controller 4 is configured to perform harmonic analysis according to the magnitudes of the currents collected by the a-phase current sensor 17, the B-phase current sensor 18, and the C-phase current sensor 19, and calculate a corresponding PWM control signal to perform pulse control on the controllable rectifier 3, so as to adjust a dc signal output by the controllable rectifier 3, and adjust the inductance of the three-phase ac adjustable reactor 5 according to the dc signal, so as to implement harmonic cancellation.
The harmonic wave treatment device can realize the linear adjustment of the inductance of the three-phase alternating current adjustable reactor 5 so as to realize the harmonic wave elimination, and the specific working process is as follows:
when the controller 4 analyzes that harmonic waves exist according to the phase a current, the phase B current and the phase C current acquired by the three current transformers, the three-phase ac adjustable reactor 5 needs to perform matching calculation on the harmonic wave quantity and the inductance quantity to obtain the inductance quantity to be adjusted, converts the inductance quantity into the current quantity, calculates a PWM control signal by the controller 4, controls the output current of the controllable rectifier 3 through the PWM control signal, and further performs saturation control on the iron core 13 of the three-phase ac adjustable reactor 5, so that the inductance quantity adjustment control flow chart 2 is realized as shown in fig. 2:
when the controller 4 does not analyze the harmonic wave according to the phase-A current, the phase-B current and the phase-C current, the controller 4 controls not to output the direct-current signal, the iron core 13 of the three-phase alternating-current adjustable reactor 5 is restored to the original state, and the inductance value is restored to the original value.
In the above embodiment, 1 control coil 12 is wound around one of the horizontal core legs (which may be an upper horizontal core leg or a lower horizontal core leg), and as another embodiment, 2 control coils 12 may be wound around the upper and lower horizontal core legs, respectively.
In the above embodiment, three current sensors are used to detect the current of each phase respectively, so as to perform harmonic analysis more accurately.
In the above embodiment, the filter reactor 2 is used to filter the single-phase ac power grid 1, and as another embodiment, the filter reactor 2 may not be provided when the quality of the ac power supply ac signal is ensured.
The invention utilizes the magnetic circuit principle, reasonably controls the harmonic generated by the nonlinear load 6 on the magnetic circuit by using the three-phase alternating current adjustable reactor 5 (the working coils 14, 15 and 16 are respectively connected in series with A, B, C phases of the three-phase power grid) on the output side of the power grid, eliminates the harmonic brought by the nonlinear load 6 accessing the power grid, thereby avoiding the harmonic quantity from entering the power grid and reducing the pollution to the power grid. The method can improve the reliability of safe operation of the power grid and the transformer, and has great practical significance to the whole power system.
Three-phase alternating current adjustable reactor embodiment:
three-phase alternating current adjustable reactor includes:
the iron core is an EI-shaped iron core and comprises three vertical magnetic core columns and two horizontal magnetic core columns;
the control coil is wound on the horizontal magnetic core column, and two ends of the control coil are used for being connected with an adjustable direct-current power supply;
the phase-A working coil, the phase-B working coil and the phase-C working coil are respectively wound on the vertical magnetic core column of the iron core, and the working coils are used for being connected to a power grid where the nonlinear load is located.
The specific structure of the three-phase ac adjustable reactor and the harmonic elimination process are described in the embodiment of the harmonic suppression device, and are not described herein.
Claims (8)
1. A harmonic treatment device, comprising:
the three-phase alternating-current adjustable reactor comprises an iron core, a control coil, an A-phase working coil, a B-phase working coil and a C-phase working coil; the iron core is an EI-shaped iron core and comprises three vertical magnetic core columns and two horizontal magnetic core columns; the control coil is wound on the horizontal magnetic core column; each working coil is respectively wound on the vertical magnetic core column of the iron core and is connected in a power grid where the nonlinear load is positioned;
the current sensor is arranged on the nonlinear load side in the power grid to detect the current magnitude of the nonlinear load;
the direct current side of the controllable rectifier is connected with two ends of the control coil, and the alternating current side of the controllable rectifier is connected with an alternating current power supply;
and the input end of the controller is connected with the current sensor, and the output end of the controller is connected with the control end of the controllable rectifier in a control mode.
2. The harmonic suppression device according to claim 1, wherein a filter reactor is provided between the ac side of the controllable rectifier and the ac power source.
3. The harmonic remediation device of claim 1 wherein the controllable rectifier is a full bridge rectifier.
4. The harmonic suppression device according to claim 1, wherein a filter capacitor is connected in parallel to the dc output of the controllable rectifier.
5. The harmonic suppression device according to claim 1, wherein the current sensors include a-phase current sensor, a B-phase current sensor, and a C-phase current sensor, each of the current sensors being provided on each phase of the power grid.
6. The harmonic suppression device of claim 1, wherein the number of control coils is 1, and the control coils are wound on one of the horizontal magnetic core legs.
7. A three-phase AC adjustable reactor, comprising:
the iron core is an EI-shaped iron core and comprises three vertical magnetic core columns and two horizontal magnetic core columns;
the control coil is wound on the horizontal magnetic core column, and two ends of the control coil are used for being connected with an adjustable direct-current power supply;
the phase-A working coil, the phase-B working coil and the phase-C working coil are respectively wound on the vertical magnetic core column of the iron core, and the working coils are used for being connected to a power grid where the nonlinear load is located.
8. The three-phase ac tunable reactor according to claim 7, wherein the number of the control coils is 1, and the control coils are wound around one of the horizontal core legs.
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Inventor after: Hou Lei Inventor after: Niu Lida Inventor after: Liu Yang Inventor after: Ma Huizhuo Inventor after: Ren Huaibu Inventor after: Nie Xiangxin Inventor after: Wang Chengli Inventor before: Hou Lei Inventor before: Niu Lida Inventor before: Liu Yang Inventor before: Ma Huizhuo Inventor before: Ren Huaipu Inventor before: Nie Xiangxin Inventor before: Wang Chengli |