CN113161996A - Energy storage battery stack protection circuit and protection method thereof - Google Patents
Energy storage battery stack protection circuit and protection method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113161996A CN113161996A CN202110510715.1A CN202110510715A CN113161996A CN 113161996 A CN113161996 A CN 113161996A CN 202110510715 A CN202110510715 A CN 202110510715A CN 113161996 A CN113161996 A CN 113161996A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/18—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for batteries; for accumulators
Abstract
The invention discloses an energy storage battery stack protection circuit, which comprises a plurality of battery cluster protection modules and a control module; each battery cluster protection module is connected in series with the output end of the battery cluster, samples the working state data of the battery cluster, uploads the working state data to the control module, receives the control signal sent by the control module and protects the battery cluster; the control module receives the data uploaded by the battery cluster protection module and issues a control instruction to control the work of each battery cluster protection module. The invention also discloses a protection method of the energy storage battery stack protection circuit. The protection circuit and the protection method of the energy storage cell stack can realize rapid peak overcurrent fault protection and rapid circulation fault protection, can actively protect the electrical safety of the cell cluster, and can identify the cell cluster in an abnormal state; the reliability is high, the security is good and the protection effect is comparatively ideal.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of energy storage battery safety, and particularly relates to an energy storage battery stack protection circuit and a protection method thereof.
Background
With the development of economic technology and the improvement of living standard of people, electric energy becomes essential secondary energy in production and life of people, and brings endless convenience to production and life of people. Therefore, stable and reliable operation of the power system becomes one of the most important tasks of the power system.
With the development of power systems, a large amount of clean energy is already incorporated into the power grid, which brings certain challenges to the safe and stable operation of the power grid. The energy storage is a key support for guaranteeing safe energy supply, promoting clean energy development and improving comprehensive energy efficiency level of a power grid, can provide various services such as peak shaving, frequency modulation, standby, black start, demand response support and the like for power grid operation, and is an important means for improving flexibility, economy and safety of a traditional power system.
In recent years, a large number of electrochemical energy storage projects are available and spread in various occasions such as a power grid side, a power supply side and a user side; among them, lithium battery energy storage power stations are the most common type of electrochemical energy storage power stations. But the thermal runaway problem exists in the lithium battery energy storage power station. At present, the scale of the power grade and the capacity grade of an energy storage system reaches dozens of megawatts or even more than hundreds of megawatts, and a battery system of an energy storage power station mostly adopts battery PACKs to be connected in series to form a battery cluster, and then a plurality of groups of battery clusters are connected in parallel to form a battery stack to construct a direct current side of an energy storage grid-connected system (as shown in fig. 1). In a large-scale energy storage system, the number of parallel battery clusters is large, so that the current of a battery stack is larger, and the requirement on the operation consistency of the battery clusters is stricter. Moreover, the lithium ion battery is influenced by production process, charging and discharging modes and environmental factors, and has different aging degrees and larger difference in battery consistency in the long-term use process. In the parallel operation process of the multiple groups of battery clusters, due to the influence of battery consistency, the problems that part of the battery clusters are in a deep charging and discharging state for a long time and part of the battery clusters do not output power basically or output less power exist possibly exist, the problems not only affect the available capacity of the energy storage power station, but also bring great hidden danger to the safe and stable operation of the energy storage power station.
At present, the protection mode of the battery stack generally installs a simple fuse as a protection circuit at each battery cluster, and only can play a role in protecting the overcurrent fault lasting for a short period of time, so that the short-time peak overcurrent fault cannot be effectively protected, and the problem of circulation fault caused by the inconsistency of the batteries cannot be effectively protected.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an energy storage battery stack protection circuit which is high in reliability, good in safety and ideal in protection effect.
The invention also provides a protection method of the energy storage battery stack protection circuit.
The invention provides a protection circuit of an energy storage battery stack, which comprises a plurality of battery cluster protection modules and a control module; each path of battery cluster protection module is connected in series with the output end of the battery cluster and is used for sampling the working state data of the corresponding battery cluster, uploading the acquired data to the control module, receiving the control signal sent by the control module and protecting the corresponding battery cluster; the control module receives the data uploaded by each battery cluster protection module and issues a control instruction to control each battery cluster protection module to work, so that the energy storage battery stack is protected.
The battery cluster protection module specifically comprises two switching tubes and one current sampling circuit; the two switching tubes are reversely connected in series and then connected in series with the current sampling circuit; the current sampling circuit is used for sampling an output current signal of the battery cluster and uploading sampling data to the control module; the two switching tubes are used for receiving the control signal sent by the control module and switching on and off the output line of the battery cluster.
The current sampling circuit is a current transformer.
The two switching tubes are two IGBTs.
The control module is a DSP, a single chip microcomputer, a PLC, an industrial personal computer or an industrial controller.
The invention also discloses a protection method of the energy storage battery stack protection circuit, which comprises the following steps:
s1, obtaining the working current of each battery cluster in a battery stack;
s2, monitoring the working current of each battery cluster in real time, and immediately disconnecting the output ends of all the battery clusters when the working current of any battery cluster is larger than a set protection current threshold;
s3, monitoring the working current of each battery cluster in real time, and immediately disconnecting the output ends of all the battery clusters when the difference value between the working current of any battery cluster and the average working current of all the battery clusters is larger than a set circulation protection threshold value;
and S4, repeating the steps S1-S3 to realize the real-time protection of the energy storage battery stack.
The value range of the circulation protection threshold is 0.01-0.2 times of the working current of the battery stack during full-load operation.
Step S2, the working current of each battery cluster is monitored in real time, and when the working current of any battery cluster is greater than the set protection current threshold, the output terminals of all battery clusters are immediately disconnected, specifically, the working current of each battery cluster is monitored in real time, and when the working current of any battery cluster is greater than the set protection current threshold, all switching tubes in the energy storage battery stack protection circuit are immediately turned off, so as to ensure that the electrical connection of each battery cluster is disconnected, and meanwhile, the battery cluster with the largest working current is determined to be in an abnormal state.
Step S3, monitoring the working current of each battery cluster in real time, and immediately disconnecting the output end of all battery clusters when the difference between the working current of any battery cluster and the average working current of all battery clusters is greater than the set circulation protection threshold, specifically, immediately stopping all switching tubes in the energy storage battery stack protection circuit when the difference between the working current of any battery cluster and the average working current of all battery clusters is greater than the set circulation protection threshold, thereby ensuring that the electrical connection of each battery cluster is disconnected, and simultaneously determining the battery cluster with the largest working current as an abnormal state.
The protection circuit and the protection method of the energy storage cell stack can realize rapid peak overcurrent fault protection and rapid circulation fault protection, can actively protect the electrical safety of the cell cluster, and can identify the cell cluster in an abnormal state; the reliability is high, the security is good and the protection effect is comparatively ideal.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a conventional cell stack.
Fig. 2 is a functional block diagram of the protection circuit of the energy storage cell stack according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a circuit connection diagram of an embodiment of the energy storage cell stack protection circuit according to the invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic flow chart of the protection method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of functional modules of the energy storage cell stack protection circuit according to the present invention: the invention provides a protection circuit of an energy storage battery stack, which comprises a plurality of battery cluster protection modules and a control module; each path of battery cluster protection module is connected in series with the output end of the battery cluster and is used for sampling the working state data of the corresponding battery cluster, uploading the acquired data to the control module, receiving the control signal sent by the control module and protecting the corresponding battery cluster; the control module receives the data uploaded by each battery cluster protection module and issues a control instruction to control each battery cluster protection module to work, so that the energy storage battery stack is protected.
Fig. 3 is a schematic circuit connection diagram of an embodiment of the energy storage cell stack protection circuit according to the invention: in fig. 3, the battery cluster protection module specifically includes two switching tubes (in the figure, IGBTs) and one current sampling circuit (in the figure, current transformers); the two switching tubes are reversely connected in series and then connected in series with the current sampling circuit; the current sampling circuit is used for sampling an output current signal of the battery cluster and uploading sampling data to the control module; the two switching tubes are used for receiving the control signal sent by the control module and switching on and off the output line of the battery cluster.
Meanwhile, when the system is implemented specifically, the control module can be a DSP, a singlechip, a PLC, an industrial personal computer or an industrial controller and the like.
Fig. 4 is a schematic flow chart of the protection method of the present invention: the protection method of the energy storage battery stack protection circuit provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
s1, obtaining the working current of each battery cluster in a battery stack;
s2, monitoring the working current of each battery cluster in real time, and immediately disconnecting the output ends of all the battery clusters when the working current of any battery cluster is larger than a set protection current threshold;
in specific implementation, the working current I of each battery cluster is monitored in real time1～ImAnd when the working current I of any battery clusteri(I ═ 1, 2.. times, m) is greater than a set protection current threshold IthrWhen is Ii＞IthrWhen the energy storage battery pack protection circuit is started, all the switch tubes in the energy storage battery pack protection circuit are immediately turned off, so that the electrical connection of each battery pack is guaranteed to be disconnected, and the battery pack i with the largest working current is determined to be in an abnormal state;
the step of turning off a protection switch by rapid current amplitude judgment belongs to rapid-break protection; compared with a fuse, the quick-break protection of the step can realize quick peak overcurrent fault protection; after the overcurrent protection of the battery clusters is triggered, operation and maintenance personnel can position the ith battery cluster with overcurrent faults and quickly perform fault troubleshooting;
s3, monitoring the working current of each battery cluster in real time, and immediately disconnecting the output ends of all the battery clusters when the difference value between the working current of any battery cluster and the average working current of all the battery clusters is larger than a set circulation protection threshold value;
in specific implementation, the working current I of each battery cluster is monitored in real time1～ImAnd when the working current I of any battery clusteri(i 1, 2.. said., m) and the average operating current of all the battery clusters
Difference value I betweenabs(Iabs＝|Ii-Iavg|) is greater than a set circulation protection threshold value IcirWhen is Iabs＞IcirWhen the energy storage battery pack protection circuit is started, all the switch tubes in the energy storage battery pack protection circuit are immediately turned off, so that the electrical connection of each battery cluster is guaranteed to be disconnected, and the battery cluster with the largest working current is determined to be in an abnormal state;
in addition, the value range of the circulating current protection threshold value is 0.01-0.2 times of the working current when the cell stack is in full-load operation, namely Icir∈[0.01Ifl,0.2Ifl]，IflThe working current is the working current when the battery stack runs in full load;
the step is used for avoiding that the working efficiency and the safe operation of the battery system are influenced by overlarge circulation of the parallel battery cluster groups; after the battery cluster circulation protection is triggered, the operation maintenance personnel can identify the battery cluster in an abnormal state according to the circulation value IabsThe largest group of battery clusters i can be regarded as the battery clusters in abnormal states, and consistency check is required;
and S4, repeating the steps S1-S3 to realize the real-time protection of the energy storage battery stack.
Claims (9)
1. A protection circuit of an energy storage battery stack is characterized by comprising a plurality of battery cluster protection modules and a control module; each path of battery cluster protection module is connected in series with the output end of the battery cluster and is used for sampling the working state data of the corresponding battery cluster, uploading the acquired data to the control module, receiving the control signal sent by the control module and protecting the corresponding battery cluster; the control module receives the data uploaded by each battery cluster protection module and issues a control instruction to control each battery cluster protection module to work, so that the energy storage battery stack is protected.
2. The energy storage battery stack protection circuit of claim 1, wherein the battery cluster protection module specifically comprises two switching tubes and one current sampling circuit; the two switching tubes are reversely connected in series and then connected in series with the current sampling circuit; the current sampling circuit is used for sampling an output current signal of the battery cluster and uploading sampling data to the control module; the two switching tubes are used for receiving the control signal sent by the control module and switching on and off the output line of the battery cluster.
3. The protection circuit of claim 2, wherein the current sampling circuit is a current transformer.
4. The energy storage battery stack protection circuit of claim 2, wherein the two-way switching tube is a two-way IGBT.
5. An energy storage battery stack protection circuit as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the control module is a DSP, a single chip, a PLC, an industrial personal computer or an industrial controller.
6. A protection method of the energy storage battery stack protection circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the following steps:
s1, obtaining the working current of each battery cluster in a battery stack;
s2, monitoring the working current of each battery cluster in real time, and immediately disconnecting the output ends of all the battery clusters when the working current of any battery cluster is larger than a set protection current threshold;
s3, monitoring the working current of each battery cluster in real time, and immediately disconnecting the output ends of all the battery clusters when the difference value between the working current of any battery cluster and the average working current of all the battery clusters is larger than a set circulation protection threshold value;
and S4, repeating the steps S1-S3 to realize the real-time protection of the energy storage battery stack.
7. The protection method according to claim 6, wherein the value of the circulating current protection threshold is in a range of 0.01-0.2 times of the operating current of the cell stack during full-load operation.
8. The protection method according to claim 6, wherein the step S2 is to monitor the operating current of each battery cluster in real time, and immediately disconnect the output terminals of all battery clusters when the operating current of any battery cluster is greater than the set protection current threshold, specifically, immediately monitor the operating current of each battery cluster, and immediately turn off all switching tubes in the protection circuit of the energy storage battery stack when the operating current of any battery cluster is greater than the set protection current threshold, so as to ensure that the electrical connection of each battery cluster is disconnected, and meanwhile, identify the battery cluster with the largest operating current as an abnormal state.
9. The protection method according to claim 6, wherein the step S3 is to monitor the operating current of each battery cluster in real time, and immediately disconnect the output terminals of all battery clusters when the difference between the operating current of any battery cluster and the average operating current of all battery clusters is greater than a set circulation protection threshold, specifically, monitor the operating current of each battery cluster in real time, and immediately turn off all switching tubes in the energy storage battery stack protection circuit when the difference between the operating current of any battery cluster and the average operating current of all battery clusters is greater than the set circulation protection threshold, so as to ensure that the electrical connection of each battery cluster is disconnected, and meanwhile, identify the battery cluster with the largest operating current as an abnormal state.
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| CN202110510715.1A CN113161996A (en) | 2021-05-11 | 2021-05-11 | Energy storage battery stack protection circuit and protection method thereof |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114362314A (en) * | 2022-01-12 | 2022-04-15 | 浙江大学 | Battery energy storage system circulation bidirectional blocking circuit and control method |
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