CN113161757B - Wave-absorbing shielding demisting graphene metamaterial for ship observation window - Google Patents
Wave-absorbing shielding demisting graphene metamaterial for ship observation window Download PDFInfo
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- CN113161757B CN113161757B CN202110453890.1A CN202110453890A CN113161757B CN 113161757 B CN113161757 B CN 113161757B CN 202110453890 A CN202110453890 A CN 202110453890A CN 113161757 B CN113161757 B CN 113161757B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0086—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices having materials with a synthesized negative refractive index, e.g. metamaterials or left-handed materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q17/00—Devices for absorbing waves radiated from an antenna; Combinations of such devices with active antenna elements or systems
- H01Q17/008—Devices for absorbing waves radiated from an antenna; Combinations of such devices with active antenna elements or systems with a particular shape
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K9/00—Screening of apparatus or components against electric or magnetic fields
- H05K9/0073—Shielding materials
- H05K9/0081—Electromagnetic shielding materials, e.g. EMI, RFI shielding
- H05K9/0088—Electromagnetic shielding materials, e.g. EMI, RFI shielding comprising a plurality of shielding layers; combining different shielding material structure
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of ship observation windows, in particular to a wave-absorbing shielding demisting graphene metamaterial for a ship observation window. The wave absorbing layer comprises three dielectric layers and two graphene films, the graphene films are arranged between the three dielectric layers in an inserting mode, the dielectric layers are glass, an axisymmetric metamaterial unit structure is etched on the graphene films, the shielding layer is a metal mesh grid, and the defogging layer comprises a glass substrate and an ITO film. The invention has the characteristics of ingenious design, novel structure, wide frequency band, strong wave absorption, high light transmittance, electromagnetic shielding and good demisting effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of ship observation windows, in particular to a wave-absorbing shielding demisting graphene metamaterial for a ship observation window.
Background
With the rapid development of modern military technology, especially high and new technology, the use of various electronic countermeasures and electromagnetic weapons in the fields of airborne equipment, shipboard equipment, army equipment and the like is increasingly widespread. Observation windows of cabs of ships, aircrafts, armored vehicles and the like are transparent to electromagnetic waves, and the electromagnetic waves can enter an electronic equipment system through a front door and a rear door in a coupling manner in various ways, so that interference of sensitive systems in electronic equipment is caused. Therefore, the requirements for electromagnetic protection of electronic equipment are put forward in various fields, and especially for high-altitude areas, ships in cold seasons, aircrafts, armored vehicles and the like, the observation window of the cockpit not only requires electromagnetic shielding, but also needs to meet the requirements of high optical transmittance and defogging so as to ensure the realization of precise detection and observation.
In the early stage of research on transparent wave-absorbing materials, researchers use more materials such as metal grids, Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) and graphene, and the materials are prepared according to the principle of Salisbury screen resonance absorption. In order to further expand the wave-absorbing bandwidth, a plurality of Salisbury screen superposition technologies are generally utilized, but the wave-absorbing bandwidth is expanded at the expense of the visible light transmittance. The wide application of the glass fiber reinforced plastic in observation windows, displays and the like of ships is limited by the overlarge thickness. Therefore, the research of a wave-absorbing material with the characteristics of wide frequency band, strong wave absorption, high light transmittance, shielding and demisting of a metamaterial structure is an urgent subject at present.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the background art, the invention provides a wave-absorbing shielding demisting graphene metamaterial for a ship observation window, and the requirements of the window structure on the performances of electromagnetic shielding, light transmittance, demisting and the like are well met by redesigning the structure of the ship observation window, and the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the utility model provides a inhale ripples shielding defogging graphite alkene metamaterial for naval vessel observation window, is including the ripples layer of inhaling, shielding layer and the defogging layer that sets gradually, and wherein the ripples layer includes three-layer dielectric layer and two-layer graphite alkene film, graphite alkene film is inserted empty and is set up between the three-layer dielectric layer, the dielectric layer is glass, the last etching of graphite alkene film has the metamaterial unit structure of axial symmetry, the shielding layer is the metal net bars, the defogging layer includes glass substrate and ITO film.
The dielectric layer can also be selected from one of polycarbonate, polydimethylsiloxane, polyimide, poly-p-phthalic plastic, polyurethane or polydimethylsiloxane.
The metamaterial unit structures on the two graphene films are respectively of an axisymmetric duplex-font structure and a rhombic-ring-shaped metamaterial structure.
The metal mesh grid is selected from one of a copper mesh grid, a nickel mesh grid, a silver mesh grid, a carbon nanotube mesh grid or a graphite mesh grid.
The first dielectric layer has a thickness h 1 Dielectric constant ε 1 The sheet resistance of the first graphene film is S 1 The second dielectric layer has a thickness h 2 Dielectric constant ε 2 The sheet resistance of the second layer of graphene film is S 2 The third dielectric layer has a thickness h 3 Dielectric constant ε 3 Of glass of (a), wherein epsilon 1 、ε 2 、ε 3 Is 4.8, thickness h 1 、h 2 、h 3 0.7mm + -0.05 mm, 1.1mm + -0.05 mm, respectively, a loss tangent of 0.0054, and S1 and S2 of 100sq. + -2 sq.
The shielding layer adopts a periodic grid structure with 80-mesh metal grids, the line width is 15 mu m, and the line spacing is 300 mu m.
The square resistance value of the ITO film is S 3 The thickness of the glass substrate is h 4 Dielectric constant of epsilon 4 。
Dielectric constant ε 1 、ε 2 、ε 3 、ε 4 The selection range is 1-10, and the loss tangent value is 0.0009-0.025; thickness h 1 、h 2 、h 3 、h 4 The selection range is 0.1-5 mm; the selection range of the square resistance values S1 and S2 is 30-500 omega, and the selection range of S3 is 3-400 omega.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
compared with the traditional wave-absorbing material, the graphene metamaterial provided by the invention has the thickness reduced from 10mm to 3.0mm, the absorption rate of a working frequency band in the range of 5.60GHz-17.88GHz is higher than 90%, the average transmittance of a visible light band is 81%, and the graphene metamaterial has the characteristics of wide frequency band, strong wave absorption, high light transmittance, electromagnetic shielding and good defogging effect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an overall structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic of the layered structure of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a metamaterial unit structure (a) of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a metamaterial unit structure (b) of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of the preparation of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a wave-absorbing characteristic result chart of the bow-shaped method test of the invention;
in the figure: 1 is glass, 2 is a graphene film, 3 is a metal mesh, 4 is an ITO film, and 5 is a glass substrate.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, the invention provides a wave-absorbing shielding defogging graphene metamaterial for a ship observation window, which comprises a wave-absorbing layer, a shielding layer and a defogging layer, wherein the wave-absorbing layer comprises three layers of dielectric layers 1 and two layers of graphene films 2, the graphene films 2 are arranged between the three layers of dielectric layers 1 in an inserting manner, the dielectric layers 1 are made of glass, an axisymmetric metamaterial unit structure is etched on the graphene films 2, the shielding layer is a metal mesh 3, and the defogging layer comprises a glass substrate 5 and an ITO film 4.
As a preferred embodiment, the dielectric layer 1 may also be selected from one of polycarbonate, polydimethylsiloxane, polyimide, poly-p-phthalic plastic, polyurethane, or polydimethylsiloxane, and in this embodiment, glass is selected.
The metamaterial unit structures on the two graphene films 2 are respectively of an axisymmetric duplex-font structure and a rhombic-ring-shaped metamaterial structure.
As a preferred embodiment, the metal mesh 3 is selected from one of a copper mesh, a nickel mesh, a silver mesh, a carbon nanotube mesh, or a graphite mesh, and in this embodiment, a silver mesh is used.
In this embodiment, the first dielectric layer 1 has a thickness h 1 Dielectric constant ε 1 The sheet resistance of the first layer of graphene film 2 is S 1 The second dielectric layer 1 has a thickness h 2 Dielectric constant ε 2 The sheet resistance of the second layer of graphene film 2 is S 2 The third dielectric layer 1 has a thickness h 3 Dielectric constant ε 3 Of glass of (a), wherein epsilon 1 、ε 2 、ε 3 Is 4.8, thickness h 1 、h 2 、h 3 0.7mm + -0.05 mm, 1.1mm + -0.05 mm, respectively, a loss tangent of 0.0054, and S1 and S2 of 100sq. + -2 sq.
In this embodiment, the shielding layer is a periodic mesh structure with a mesh number of 80, a line width of 15 μm, and a line pitch of 300 μm, and is used as a preferred embodiment.
As a preferred embodiment, the square resistance of the ITO thin film 4 in this embodiment is S 3 The thickness of the glass substrate 5 is h 4 Dielectric constant of epsilon 4 。
The detailed design process of the electric heating of the defogging layer in the embodiment is as follows: the ITO film glass is electrically heated, a DC power supply is adopted, the voltage is selected from 12v, 24v and 28v, and the current is designed to be lower than 5A. Setting rated power as 0.15w/cm 2 Area S ═ L × W (cm) 2 ) The power P is 0.4 × S is 0.4 × L × W, and P is U 2 /R Interpolar to polar ratio
Then R is Interpolar to polar ratio ＝U 2 0.15 XLxW is 5 ohm
As a preferred embodiment, the dielectric constant ε is achieved in this embodiment 1 、ε 2 、ε 3 、ε 4 The selection range is 1-10, and the loss tangent value is 0.0009-0.025; thickness h 1 、h 2 、h 3 、h 4 The selection range is 0.1-5 mm; the selection range of the square resistance values S1 and S2 is 30-500 omega, and the selection range of S3 is 3-400 omega.
The invention relates to the following principle:
the metamaterial structure design is a novel electromagnetic material design method, the electromagnetic characteristic of the metamaterial depends on periodic patterned structural features rather than chemical compositions of the periodic patterned structural features, the artificial metamaterial structure is combined with the transparent conductive film, the transparent conductive film can be endowed with radar wave absorption loss, and electromagnetic protection of electromagnetic leakage prevention parts such as ship observation windows, displays and the like can be realized.
Electromagnetic shielding techniques utilize reflection and absorption techniques to achieve shielding properties. The reflection technology is to reflect the electromagnetic wave energy projected to the surface of the material by using a metal layer so as to achieve the purpose of attenuating the electromagnetic wave. The transparent shielding material realizes the regulation and control of the shielding property by adopting a mesh, a metal oxide film, a film composite material and the like.
Absorption techniques refer to the conversion of electromagnetic waves entering the interior of a material into heat or other forms of energy through dielectric losses, usually involving both interference and loss: the interference type material utilizes the principle of destructive interference and has the characteristic of a multilayer structure; the loss type wave-absorbing material can absorb electromagnetic waves through self loss. The wave-absorbing metamaterial technology belongs to a loss type wave-absorbing material, breaks through the design technology of wide-frequency-band and strong-absorption wave-absorbing materials by utilizing the extraordinary electromagnetic properties of the metamaterial such as unique negative refractive index and inverse Doppler effect, and realizes the structure regulation and control of the absorption rate characteristic by designing the structure of the wave-absorbing material.
The design technology of the electric heating shielding glass comprises the following steps: the matching design of the electric heating glass is realized by adopting the ITO coated glass and designing the power, the voltage and the window size of the electric heating layer.
According to the principle, the basic idea of the invention is to design a multifunctional material of radar wave absorbing material, electromagnetic shielding material and electric heating material, and realize the design of a composite material with functions of wide frequency band, strong wave absorption, high light transmittance, shielding and demisting.
The wave-absorbing layer in the invention: based on the impedance matching characteristic, the periodic microstructure etched by the conductive films with different sheet resistance values is utilized to improve the impedance matching characteristic of the wave-absorbing material, so that electromagnetic waves are easier to enter, and the absorption performance is improved; based on the attenuation theory characteristic, the mutual coupling loss of the electromagnetic waves between the upper and lower layer graph structures is utilized, so that the absorption performance is improved;
demisting layer in the invention: the ITO defogging layer is used for realizing the defogging function under different voltages;
the shielding layer in the invention: the shielding effect is realized by utilizing a metal mesh grid;
high light transmission in the present invention: the light transmittance of the product is improved by utilizing the high light transmittance of the conductive film;
the preparation process of the invention is as follows: modeling through a geometric structure of the wave-absorbing material, analyzing the surface current intensity, and researching the influence factors of the wave-absorbing property; preparing a graphene film by using a Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) method; preparing an ITO film by utilizing magnetron sputtering coating; preparing a sample with a periodic metamaterial structure by using a laser etching technology; the arch method is adopted to test the sample of the absorbing material, and the WGT-S light transmittance/fog tester is adopted to test the light transmittance and the fog degree, and the specific process is shown in figure 5.
The method for preparing the graphene by the CVD method comprises the following steps: under the condition of low pressure, copper is used as a metal catalyst substrate, methane, long-chain alkane and the like are used as carbon sources, and the basic steps for preparing the single-layer/multi-layer graphene are as follows: (1) adsorbing a carbon source on the surface of the catalyst; (2) desorbing a carbon source; (3) dehydrolysis of carbon sources; (4) migration of carbon atoms at the catalyst surface; (5) directly nucleating carbon atoms on the surface and growing into graphene; (6) carbon atoms are fused into a metallic copper phase at high temperature; (7) carbon atoms are diffused in the metal body; (8) and (4) cooling, separating out carbon atoms from a metal phase, and forming and growing graphene on the surface.
The ITO film is prepared by magnetron sputtering: the ITO film is prepared by a direct-current magnetron sputtering method at room temperature, and the influence of the transmittance, the sheet resistance and the surface structure of the film is optimized by controlling the angle, the oxygen flow, the sputtering time and the sputtering power of the target material. When the target angle is 23-25 degrees, the oxygen flow is 7-9 sccm, the sputtering time is 60-90 min and the sputtering power is 100-120W, the high-quality ITO film with the partial light transmittance of the visible light band higher than 81% and the sheet resistance between 4-6 omega is obtained.
The invention uses laser etching technology: drawing a needed wave absorbing material graph by using CAD drawing software, wherein the unit size is 10mm multiplied by 10mm, the cycle number is 18 multiplied by 18, and the overall size is 180mm multiplied by 3.0 mm; the high-beam-quality low-power laser beam is focused into a very small light spot, and a very high power density is formed at the focus, so that the part to be etched is vaporized and evaporated instantly to form a metamaterial structure unit. And the upper layer and the lower layer are aligned and bonded by adopting an alignment technology and a conductive adhesive laminating process, wherein the thickness of the conductive adhesive is 0.035mm +/-0.005 mm.
In the invention, the wave-absorbing material is placed above the wave-absorbing material with the size of 180mm multiplied by 180mm, the wave-absorbing property of the wave-absorbing material is obtained by adopting an arch method, and the test result is shown in figure 6. As can be seen from FIG. 6, the absorption rate of the working frequency band is higher than 90% in the range of 5.60GHz-17.88GHz, and the working frequency band covers the C band (5.60GHz-8.0GHz), the X band (8.0GHz-12.0GHz) and the Ku band (12.0GHz-17.88 GHz).
The average transmittance of the visible light wave band tested by the visible light transmittance testing device is 81%.
Although only the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention within the knowledge of those skilled in the art, and all changes are encompassed in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a inhale ripples shielding defogging graphite alkene metamaterial for naval vessel observation window which characterized in that: the wave-absorbing layer comprises three dielectric layers (1) and two graphene films (2), the graphene films (2) are arranged between the three dielectric layers (1) in an inserting mode, and metamaterial unit structures on the two graphene films (2) are respectively of an axisymmetric duplex-shaped structure and a rhombic-ring-shaped metamaterial structure; the graphene anti-fogging structure is characterized in that the dielectric layer (1) is made of glass, axially symmetric metamaterial unit structures are etched on the graphene film (2), the shielding layer is a metal mesh (3), the anti-fogging layer comprises a glass substrate (5) and an ITO film (4), and the ITO film (4) is located between the metal mesh (3) and the glass substrate (5).
2. The wave-absorbing shielding defogging graphene metamaterial for the observation window of the ship and warship according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the dielectric layer (1) can also be selected from one of polycarbonate, polydimethylsiloxane, polyimide, poly-p-phthalic plastic, polyurethane or polydimethylsiloxane.
3. The wave-absorbing shielding defogging graphene metamaterial for the observation window of the ship and warship according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the metal mesh grid (3) is selected from one of a copper mesh grid, a nickel mesh grid, a silver mesh grid, a carbon nano tube mesh grid or a graphite mesh grid.
4. The wave-absorbing shielding defogging graphene metamaterial for the observation window of the ship and warship according to claim 1, which is characterized in that:
the first dielectric layer (1) has a thickness h 1 Dielectric constant ε 1 The sheet resistance of the first graphene film (2) is S 1 The second dielectric layer (1) has a thickness h 2 Dielectric constant ε 2 The sheet resistance of the second layer of graphene film (2) is S 2 The third dielectric layer (1) has a thickness h 3 Dielectric constant ε 3 Of glass in which epsilon 1 、ε 2 、ε 3 Is 4.8, thickness h 1 、h 2 、h 3 0.7mm + -0.05 mm, 1.1mm + -0.05 mm, respectively, a loss tangent of 0.0054, and S1 and S2 of 100 Ω/sq. + -2 Ω/sq.
5. The wave-absorbing shielding defogging graphene metamaterial for the observation window of the ship and warship according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the shielding layer adopts a periodic mesh structure with 80 meshes of metal meshes (3), the line width of 15 mu m and the line spacing of 300 mu m.
6. The wave-absorbing shielding defogging graphene metamaterial for the observation window of the ship and warship according to claim 4, wherein: the square resistance value of the ITO film (4) is S 3 The thickness of the glass substrate (5) is h 4 Dielectric constant of epsilon 4 。
7. The wave-absorbing shielding defogging graphene metamaterial for the observation window of the ship and warship according to claim 6, wherein: dielectric constant ε 1 、ε 2 、ε 3 、ε 4 The selection range is 1-10, and the loss tangent value is 0.0009-0.025; thickness h 1 、h 2 、h 3 、h 4 The selection range is 0.1-5 mm; the square resistance values S1 and S2 are selected in the range of 30-500 Ω/sq, and the S3 is selected in the range of 3-400 Ω/sq.
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| CN113501080B (en) * | 2021-09-06 | 2024-05-28 | 无锡市申锡船舶设备有限公司 | Electromagnetic shielding stealth window for ship |
| CN114122738B (en) * | 2021-12-07 | 2023-05-09 | 南京航空航天大学 | Transparent broadband electromagnetic wave absorber based on ITO resistive film |
| CN114348175B (en) * | 2022-01-28 | 2023-12-08 | 江苏铁锚玻璃股份有限公司 | Marine window with RCS stealth and bulletproof functions |
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| JPH09223889A (en) * | 1996-02-14 | 1997-08-26 | Tosoh Corp | Electromagnetic wave absorber |
| EP1853103B1 (en) * | 2005-02-18 | 2019-11-27 | Mitsubishi Cable Industries, Ltd. | Radio wave shielding body |
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| CN106356638A (en) * | 2016-10-14 | 2017-01-25 | 西安电子科技大学 | Absorption-rate-adjustable bandwidth electromagnetic wave absorber based on graphene film |
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