CN113161735B - Be applied to on-vehicle location antenna and vehicle glass - Google Patents
Be applied to on-vehicle location antenna and vehicle glass Download PDFInfo
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- CN113161735B CN113161735B CN202110361367.6A CN202110361367A CN113161735B CN 113161735 B CN113161735 B CN 113161735B CN 202110361367 A CN202110361367 A CN 202110361367A CN 113161735 B CN113161735 B CN 113161735B
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
- H01Q1/32—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles
- H01Q1/325—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the location of the antenna on the vehicle
- H01Q1/3275—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the location of the antenna on the vehicle mounted on a horizontal surface of the vehicle, e.g. on roof, hood, trunk
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Details Of Aerials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a positioning antenna applied to a vehicle, which comprises an antenna unit for receiving and transmitting positioning signals, wherein the antenna unit is arranged on a substrate, the antenna unit is electrically connected with a feed device, and the feed device is electrically connected with a control device; the back of the substrate is provided with a reflecting cavity, the projection of the antenna unit towards the back direction of the substrate is positioned in the reflecting cavity, and the reflecting cavity is used for improving the directional radiation capability of the antenna unit. According to the invention, the antenna unit is arranged on the substrate, so that the volume is reduced, the antenna unit is conveniently installed in a vehicle, the optimization of the shark fin antenna is facilitated, the wind resistance and the appearance design difficulty of the vehicle are reduced, and the directional radiation capability of the antenna unit is improved due to the arrangement of the reflecting cavity. The vehicle glass is provided with the positioning antenna applied to the vehicle, and the vehicle glass is used as a substrate, so that the volume of the positioning antenna applied to the vehicle can be further reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of intelligent traffic equipment, in particular to a vehicle-mounted positioning antenna and vehicle glass.
Background
With the development of the automobile industry and the popularization of automobiles, people have increasingly demanded comfort, safety, convenience and intellectualization of automobiles. Therefore, the automobile is required to continuously perform information interaction with the outside through the antenna, for example, the positioning antenna of the automobile gives the position information of people, so that the navigation and other functions can be realized conveniently.
GNSS (Global Navigation SATELLITE SYSTEM, global satellite navigation system) antennas are the primary antennas for mobile terminal positioning. At present, the positioning antenna is mainly arranged in an external shark fin, a front or rear view mirror of an instrument panel, the positioning antenna is large in size, the automobile wind resistance is increased by arranging the positioning antenna in the shark fin, and the complexity of the design of the appearance of the roof is increased. In combination with other antennas placed in front of the instrument panel, are disturbed by surrounding devices, so that the antenna performance is degraded.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides the positioning antenna applied to the vehicle and the vehicle glass, which can be conveniently installed in the vehicle, so that the wind resistance and the appearance design difficulty of the vehicle are reduced, the interference of other devices is not easy to occur, and the performance of the antenna is not reduced.
To achieve the above object, according to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a technical solution, including: the positioning antenna comprises an antenna unit for receiving and transmitting positioning signals, wherein the antenna unit is printed on a substrate, the antenna unit is electrically connected with the power feeding device, the power feeding device is electrically connected with a control device, and the control device is used for carrying out information interaction with the outside through the antenna unit; the back of the substrate is provided with a reflecting cavity, the projection of the antenna unit towards the back direction of the substrate is positioned in the reflecting cavity, and the reflecting cavity is used for improving the directional radiation capability of the antenna unit.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention: the antenna unit is a double-arm spiral antenna, the double-arm spiral antenna comprises a first spiral arm and a second spiral arm, the centers of the first spiral arm and the second spiral arm are identical, the first spiral arm and the second spiral arm are arranged on the substrate in a staggered mode, and the first feeder line and the second feeder line which are used for electric connection of the feeding device are respectively arranged at the head ends of the first spiral arm and the second spiral arm.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention: the terminal ends of the first spiral arm and the second spiral arm are gradually-changed structures with gradually-reduced widths.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention: the first spiral arm and the second spiral arm are of annular structures with equal turn distances.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention: and a multi-coil choke ring is arranged on the outer sides of the first spiral arm and the second spiral arm.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention: the choke has three turns.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention: the reflective cavity is filled with a wave absorbing material.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention: the reflecting cavity is cylindrical, prismatic table or truncated cone.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention: the feeding device comprises a dielectric plate, wherein a microstrip feeder is arranged on one surface of the dielectric plate and is used for being electrically connected with the control device; and the antenna unit is coupled and connected with the microstrip feeder line slot.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention: the ends of the first feeder line and the second feeder line are respectively provided with a first gap and a second gap, the microstrip feeder line comprises a third feeder line and a fourth feeder line, and the head ends of the third feeder line and the fourth feeder line are used for being electrically connected with a control device; the terminals of the third feeder line and the fourth feeder line are respectively provided with a third gap and a fourth gap, and the third feeder line and the fourth feeder line are respectively connected with the first feeder line and the second feeder line in a gap coupling way.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention: the antenna unit is arranged on the back surface of the substrate, and the third feeder line and the fourth feeder line are electrically connected with the control device through coaxial feeder lines.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention: the antenna unit is arranged on the front surface of the substrate or embedded in the substrate, a grounding plate is arranged on the back surface of the substrate, a fifth gap and a sixth gap are arranged on the grounding plate, the third feeder line is connected with the first feeder line in a coupling way through the fifth gap, and the fourth feeder line is connected with the second feeder line in a coupling way through the sixth gap.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention: the fifth gap and the sixth gap are in a broken line shape, and a fifth patch and a sixth patch are respectively arranged at two ends of the fifth gap and the sixth gap.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention: the feeding device comprises a flexible circuit board, a balun structure is arranged on the flexible circuit board, the head end of the balun structure is electrically connected with the first feeder line and the second feeder line respectively, and the terminal of the balun structure is electrically connected with the control device through a coaxial feeder line.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention: the flexible circuit board is an FPC board.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention: the flexible circuit board is in a fold line shape, and the height of the flexible circuit board is smaller than that of the reflecting cavity.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention: the ends of the first feeder line and the second feeder line are respectively provided with a first connecting part and a second connecting part.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. The antenna unit is arranged on the substrate in a printing way, so that the whole size of the antenna is reduced, the antenna is convenient to install in a vehicle, the shark fin antenna can be optimized, the wind resistance and the appearance design difficulty of the vehicle are reduced, the directional radiation capacity of the antenna unit is improved due to the arrangement of the reflecting cavity, and the influence of vehicle parts on the antenna performance is reduced.
2. The arrangement of the choke ring suppresses multipath without increasing the height and complexity of the antenna profile, so that the invention can also be applied to high-precision positioning of automobiles.
In order to solve the above-described problems, according to a second aspect of the present invention, there is also provided a vehicle glass including a glass body: the glass body is provided with the positioning antenna applied to the vehicle-mounted device according to any one of the technical schemes, and the substrate is the glass body.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention: the antenna unit is arranged inside the glass body, the feed device comprises a dielectric plate, the grounding plate is arranged on the outer surface of the glass body facing the interior of the vehicle, the grounding plate is connected with the dielectric plate, a microstrip feeder is arranged on the dielectric plate, and the microstrip feeder is connected with the antenna unit in a gap coupling manner.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention: the glass body is laminated glass, and comprises inner layer glass, an intermediate layer and outer layer glass, wherein the antenna unit is arranged on the inner surface of the inner layer glass, the dielectric plate is the inner layer glass, and the grounding plate is arranged on the outer surface of the inner layer glass facing the inside of the automobile.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention: the reflective cavity is filled with a wave absorbing material.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention: the antenna unit is arranged on the outer surface of the glass body facing the interior of the vehicle, the feeding device comprises a dielectric plate, the dielectric plate is arranged on the outer surface of the glass body facing the interior of the vehicle, a microstrip feeder is arranged on the dielectric plate, the antenna unit is connected with the microstrip feeder in a gap coupling manner, and the microstrip feeder is electrically connected with the control device through a coaxial feeder.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention: the reflecting cavity is cylindrical or prismatic table or truncated cone.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention: the antenna unit is arranged on the outer surface of the glass body facing the interior of the vehicle, the feed device comprises a flexible circuit board, a balun structure is arranged on the flexible circuit board, the head end of the balun structure is respectively and electrically connected with the first feeder line and the second feeder line, and the tail end of the balun structure is electrically connected with the control device through a coaxial feeder line.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention: the reflection cavity is prismatic table-shaped or circular table-shaped, the flexible circuit board is in a fold line shape, and the height of the flexible circuit board is smaller than that of the reflection cavity.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. by using glass as a substrate, the overall height of the positioning antenna applied to the vehicle is further reduced, the positioning antenna is easy to process, and the production cost is low.
2. The antenna unit is printed on the inner side of the glass, and meanwhile, directional radiation can be realized, the circular polarization gain and the axial ratio width performance of the antenna are good, the positioning antenna applied to a vehicle is hidden on the skylight glass, and the interference of other devices is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a first embodiment of a positioning antenna for vehicle;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an antenna unit in an embodiment of a positioning antenna for vehicle;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a microstrip feed line;
fig. 4 is a schematic overall structure of a second embodiment of a positioning antenna applied to a vehicle;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the ground plate;
fig. 6 is a schematic overall structure of a third embodiment of a positioning antenna applied to a vehicle;
FIG. 7 is a schematic overall structure of the balun structure;
Fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna unit in a third embodiment of a positioning antenna for vehicle;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view showing the overall structure of a first embodiment of a vehicle glass;
FIG. 10 is a return loss plot for one embodiment of a vehicle glazing;
FIG. 11 is an axial ratio width view of a first embodiment of a vehicle glazing;
FIG. 12 is a gain map of an embodiment one of a vehicle glazing;
FIG. 13 is a schematic view showing the overall structure of a second embodiment of a vehicle glass;
FIG. 14 is a return loss plot for a second embodiment of a vehicle glazing;
FIG. 15 is an axial ratio width view of a second embodiment of a vehicle glazing;
FIG. 16 is a gain map of a second embodiment of a vehicle glazing;
FIG. 17 is a schematic view showing the overall structure of a third embodiment of a vehicle glass;
FIG. 18 is a return loss plot for a third embodiment of a vehicle glazing;
FIG. 19 is an axial ratio width view of a third embodiment of a vehicle glazing;
Fig. 20 is a gain map of a third embodiment of a vehicle glazing.
In fig. 1 to 20, 1, antenna element, 2, substrate, 3, feeding device, 4, reflection cavity, 5, wave-absorbing material, 6, first spiral arm, 7, second spiral arm, 8, choke ring, 9, dielectric plate, 10, microstrip feed line, 11, first slot, 12, second slot, 13, first feed line, 14, second feed line, 15, coaxial feed line, 16, ground plate, 17, fifth slot, 18, sixth slot, 19, fifth patch, 20, sixth patch, 21, flexible circuit board, 22, balun structure, 23, inner glass, 24, middle layer, 25, outer glass, 26, glass body, 27, third feed line, 28, fourth feed line, 29, cover, 30, third slot, 31, fourth slot, 32, first connection portion, 33, and second connection portion.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples in order to make the objects and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
Embodiment one:
As shown in fig. 1, the embodiment of the invention provides a positioning antenna applied to a vehicle, which comprises an antenna unit 1 for receiving and transmitting positioning signals, wherein the antenna unit 1 can be arranged on a substrate 2 in a printing manner (not limited to this), the antenna unit 1 is electrically connected with a power supply device 3, the power supply device 3 is electrically connected with a control device, the control device is used for carrying out position information interaction with the outside through the antenna unit 1, the control device is an existing device capable of carrying out signal processing such as a CPU (central processing unit), a singlechip and the like, the connection manner with the power supply device 3 is also the prior art, and a structural schematic diagram is not repeated herein; the back of the substrate 2 is provided with the reflecting cavity 4, and the projection of the antenna unit 1 towards the back of the substrate 2 is positioned in the reflecting cavity 4, namely, when the antenna unit 1 radiates towards the substrate 2, the radiation signal can be reflected to the front of the substrate 2 by the reflecting cavity 4, so that the directional radiation capability of the antenna unit 1 is improved, and meanwhile, the influence of equipment on the back of the substrate 2 on the antenna unit 1 can be reduced. The antenna unit 1 is printed on the substrate 2, the overall height of the antenna is reduced, the antenna is easy to process, the production cost is low, the antenna is convenient to install in a vehicle, the shark fin antenna can be optimized, and the wind resistance and the appearance design difficulty of the vehicle are reduced. The arrangement of the reflecting cavity 4 can simultaneously realize directional radiation of the antenna unit 1, and improves the circular polarization gain and the axial ratio width performance of the antenna.
The shape of the reflecting cavity 4 can be cylindrical, the wave absorbing material 5 is filled in the reflecting cavity 4, the cylindrical reflecting cavity 4 filled with the wave absorbing material 5 can efficiently realize directional radiation of an antenna, and reduce radiation intensity in a vehicle, compared with a common rectangular reflecting cavity, the height of the 4 section of the cylindrical reflecting cavity filled with the wave absorbing material 5 can be smaller than one quarter wavelength, and the wave absorbing material 5 absorbs circularly polarized waves of reverse radiation to reduce back interference, and meanwhile, the overall section height is reduced. The reflecting cavity 4 can be prismatic table or round table, the prismatic table or round table reflecting cavity can realize more efficient directional radiation of the antenna, the radiation intensity outside the vehicle window is improved, meanwhile, compared with a parallel reflecting plate or rectangular reflecting cavity, the prismatic table or round table reflecting cavity has a larger range of incidence angles of backward electromagnetic waves of the antenna, and the multipath inhibition effect is better.
As shown in fig. 2, the antenna unit 1 is a double-arm helical antenna, the double-arm helical antenna includes a first helical arm 6 and a second helical arm 7, the centers of the first helical arm 6 and the second helical arm 7 are the same, the first helical arm 6 and the second helical arm 7 are staggered on the substrate 2, and the first ends of the first helical arm 6 and the second helical arm 7 are respectively provided with a first feeder line 13 and a second feeder line 14 for electrically connecting the power feeding device 3. The terminal ends of the first spiral arm 6 and the second spiral arm 7 are in a tapered shape, namely a gradual change structure with gradually reduced width, so that the terminal reflection of current on the first spiral arm 6 and the second spiral arm 7 is reduced, the tail cutting effect is reduced, the reflection is small when the current along the line reaches the terminal end, and the broadband characteristic is realized. The first spiral arm 6 and the second spiral arm 7 have annular structures with equal turn pitches, namely the archimedes antenna can be obtained, and the shapes of the first spiral arm 6 and the second spiral arm 7 can also have other shapes, such as square shapes and the like. In order to suppress the surface wave of the antenna and realize multipath suppression, a multi-coil choke 8 is provided outside the first spiral arm 6 and the second spiral arm 7. The number of turns of the choke ring 8 depends on the internal structure and the size index of the base plate 2, and excessive turns may cause the overall size of the structure of the base plate 2 to be increased, thereby being inconvenient for the installation of the present invention, in which it is preferable that the choke ring 8 has three turns; the three-coil choke ring 8 realizes multipath inhibition on the premise of not increasing the profile height and complexity of the invention, improves the antenna performance of the invention, and simultaneously can be applied to high-precision positioning of automobiles.
In this embodiment, the antenna unit 1 is printed on the back surface of the substrate 2, the power supply device 3 includes a dielectric plate 9, and the material of the dielectric plate 9 is FR4 (glass fiber epoxy resin copper-clad plate) board, but not limited to FR4 board, and may be transparent board such as PET (polyethylene terephthalate) or board such as PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene); a microstrip feeder 10 is arranged on one side of the dielectric plate 9, namely the microstrip feeder 10 is printed on the dielectric plate 9, and the microstrip feeder 10 is used for electrically connecting the control device with the antenna unit 1; preferably the antenna unit 1 is slot coupled to the microstrip feed line 10. That is, the first slot 11 and the second slot 12 are respectively provided at the ends of the first feeder line 13 and the second feeder line 14, and the shapes of the first slot 11 and the second slot 12 are circular, but are not limited to circular, and for example, regular shapes such as square or hexagon can be adopted; the arrangement of the first slot 11 and the second slot 12 can realize both the coupling of electromagnetic energy and the impedance adjustment of the first feeder line 13 and the second feeder line 14. As shown in fig. 3, the microstrip feed line 10 includes a third feed line 27 and a fourth feed line 28, and the head ends of the third feed line 27 and the fourth feed line 28 are used for being electrically coupled with the control device; the terminals of the third and fourth feed lines 27, 28 are provided with a third slot 30 and a fourth slot 31, respectively, the third and fourth feed lines 27, 28 being in slot-coupled connection with the first and second feed lines 13, 14, respectively. The third feed line 27 and the fourth feed line 28 are electrically coupled to the control means via the coaxial feed line 15, and in use the antenna unit 1 is printed on the back side of the substrate 2 for better protection of the antenna unit 1. The housing 29 can be arranged on the antenna unit 1, the housing 29 is made of materials which can protect the antenna unit 1 but not obstruct electromagnetic waves, such as resin, the dielectric plate 9 is stuck on the back surface of the substrate 2, the dielectric plate is connected with the control device through the coaxial feeder 15, the substrate 2 is arranged in a vehicle, such as glass of the vehicle, but not limited to the vehicle, and the glass can also be a center console or an A column, a B column, a C column and the like, so that the low profile of the embodiment is realized, meanwhile, the convenience and stability of the installation of the embodiment can be realized, the installation in the vehicle is convenient, the shark fin antenna can be optimized, the wind resistance and the appearance design difficulty of the vehicle are further reduced, and the influence of the vehicle parts on the antenna performance is also reduced.
As shown in fig. 9, the antenna unit 1 applied to the vehicle-mounted positioning antenna is arranged in the glass body 26, the feeding device 3 comprises a dielectric plate 9, the outer surface of the glass body 26 facing the vehicle is provided with a grounding plate 16, the grounding plate 16 is adhered with the dielectric plate 9, the dielectric plate 9 is provided with a microstrip feeder 10, and the microstrip feeder 10 is in gap coupling connection with the antenna unit 1 and then is connected with the control device through a coaxial feeder. Wherein the glass body 26 is preferably laminated glass, the laminated glass comprises an inner layer glass 23, an intermediate layer 24 and an outer layer glass 25, the antenna unit 1 is arranged on the inner surface of the inner layer glass 23, the dielectric plate 9 is the inner layer glass 23, and the outer surface of the inner layer glass 23 facing the inside of the vehicle is provided with the grounding plate 16. The reflecting cavity 4 is of a cylindrical structure, and the reflecting cavity 4 is filled with a wave absorbing material 5. Compared with a common rectangular reflecting cavity, the height of the section of the cylindrical reflecting cavity 4 filled with the wave absorbing material 5 can be smaller than one quarter wavelength, the wave absorbing material 5 absorbs the circularly polarized wave of the reverse radiation, the back interference is reduced, and the overall section height is reduced. In order to reduce the overall height of the installed positioning antenna applied to the vehicle, the antenna unit 1 is arranged on the inner surface of the inner glass layer 23 of the laminated glass in a printing mode (not limited to the method), the grounding plate 16 with dumbbell gaps is arranged on the outer surface in a printing mode (not limited to the method), the dielectric plate 9 with the microstrip feeder 10 printed on one side is additionally arranged on the grounding plate 16 in a direct pasting or other mode, the cylindrical reflection cavity 4 with the wave absorbing material 5 is loaded, the directional radiation applied to the positioning antenna on the vehicle is realized, the section height of the reflection plate is reduced, the inner glass layer 23 is used as the substrate 2, the overall height of the antenna is reduced, the processing is easy, the production cost is lower, the directional radiation can be realized while the antenna is printed on the inner side of the glass, the circular polarization gain and the axial ratio width performance of the antenna are good, the vehicle positioning antenna is hidden on the skylight glass, meanwhile, the functions of the cover shell can be realized by the middle layer 24 and the outer glass layer 25, and the antenna unit 1 is protected. The return loss diagram shown in fig. 10, the impedance bandwidth of-10 dB is 1.01 GHz-2.05 GHz, almost all positioning systems can be contained, the 3dB axial ratio width of the embodiment is-43 deg. -44 deg. as shown in the axial ratio width diagram shown in fig. 11, the total width is 87 deg., the axial ratio width index of the positioning antenna is basically satisfied, the gain diagram of the embodiment shown in fig. 12, the circular polarization gain of the embodiment is 3.88dB, and the technical index requirement of the positioning antenna of the mobile terminal is satisfied.
Embodiment two:
As shown in fig. 4, a difference from the implementation is mainly that: the antenna unit 1 is arranged on the front side of the substrate 2, and the feeding device 3 further comprises a ground plate 16 arranged on the back side of the substrate 2; it will be appreciated that the antenna element 1 may also be embedded in the substrate 2, i.e. in the interior of the substrate 2 (e.g. a laminate). For better protection of the antenna unit 1. A cover 29 may be provided on the antenna unit 1, and the cover 29 may be made of a material, such as resin, that protects the antenna unit 1 from electromagnetic waves. As shown in fig. 5, the ground plate 16 is provided with a fifth slot 17 and a sixth slot 18, the shape of the fifth slot 17 and the sixth slot 18 is a fold line, preferably, the fifth slot 17 and the sixth slot 18 are in 90 ° fold lines, the two ends of the ground plate are respectively provided with a fifth patch 19 and a sixth patch 20, which form a dumbbell-like structure, the shape of the fifth patch 19 and the sixth patch 20 is circular, but not limited to a circular shape, for example, the ground plate can be in a square shape or a hexagonal shape, and the like, the adjustment of impedance can be realized by changing the sizes of the fifth patch 19 and the sixth patch 20, the third feeder 27 is coupled with the first feeder 13 through the fifth slot 17, the fourth feeder 28 is coupled with the second feeder 14 through the sixth slot 18, that is the third feeder 27 on the dielectric plate 9 is opposite to the fifth slot 17 and the first feeder 13, and the fourth feeder 28 is opposite to the sixth slot 18 and the second feeder 14. When the antenna unit 1 is printed on the front surface of the substrate 2 in use, the ground plate 16 with a dumbbell-shaped gap is arranged on the back surface of the substrate 2 in a pasting mode or a printing mode (not limited to the method), the low dielectric adhesive dielectric plate 9 is used on the back surface of the ground plate 16, the low dielectric adhesive comprises but is not limited to ultraviolet light curing adhesive, reactive polyurethane hot melt adhesive, epoxy adhesive, acrylic ester adhesive, polyurethane adhesive and the like, a feeder device on the dielectric plate 9 is connected with a control device through a coaxial feeder 15, and the substrate 2 is arranged in a vehicle, such as vehicle glass, so that the low profile of the embodiment is realized, and meanwhile, the installation convenience and stability of the embodiment can be realized, so that the mounting in the vehicle is convenient, the shark fin antenna can be optimized, the wind resistance and the appearance design difficulty of the vehicle are further reduced, and the influence of the vehicle parts on the antenna performance is also reduced.
As shown in fig. 13, a difference from the embodiment is mainly that: the antenna unit 1 applied to the vehicle-mounted positioning antenna is arranged on the outer surface of the glass body 26 facing the vehicle, the feeding device 3 comprises a dielectric plate 9, the dielectric plate 9 is arranged on the outer surface of the glass body 26 facing the vehicle, a microstrip feeder 10 is arranged on the dielectric plate 9, the antenna unit 1 is in gap coupling connection with the microstrip feeder 10, and the microstrip feeder 10 is electrically connected with the control device through a coaxial feeder 15. The reflecting cavity 4 is prismatic table or circular table, directional radiation of the positioning antenna is realized more efficiently by adopting the prismatic table or circular table-shaped reflecting cavity 4, the radiation intensity outside the vehicle window is improved, and meanwhile, compared with the parallel reflecting plate or rectangular reflecting cavity 4, the prismatic table or circular table-shaped reflecting cavity 4 has a larger range of action on the incident angle of the backward electromagnetic wave of the antenna and better multipath inhibition effect. The invention adopts a dielectric plate 9 which is printed on the outer surface of the glass body 26 facing the vehicle interior and is externally provided with a microstrip feeder 10 on one side, and is directly stuck on the inner surface of the glass through low dielectric adhesive, and a prismatic table-shaped or truncated cone-shaped reflecting cavity 4 is loaded at the back, so that the directional radiation of the antenna is realized. The return loss diagram shown in fig. 14, the impedance bandwidth of-10 dB of the embodiment is 0.6 GHz-1.9 GHz, and the embodiment comprises all positioning systems, can be used for realizing high-precision positioning, has an axial ratio width diagram shown in fig. 15, has a 3dB axial ratio width of-35 deg. -36 deg., has a total width of 71 deg., basically meets the axial ratio width index of a positioning antenna, has a gain of 2.88dB as shown in the gain diagram of the embodiment shown in fig. 16, and meets the technical index requirement of the positioning antenna of the mobile terminal.
Embodiment III:
As shown in fig. 6, the main difference from the first and second embodiments is that: the power feeding device 3 includes a flexible circuit board 21, the flexible circuit board 21 is an FPC board, and materials constituting the flexible circuit board 21 include, but are not limited to, materials including LCP (industrialized liquid crystal polymer), MPI (modified polyimide), PI (polyimide), and the like. As shown in fig. 7, a balun structure 22 is provided on the flexible circuit board 21, the head ends of the balun structure 22 are electrically connected with the first feeder line 13 and the second feeder line 14 respectively, and the terminals thereof are electrically connected with the control device through the coaxial feeder lines 15; as shown in fig. 8, the terminal ends of the first spiral arm 6 and the second spiral arm 7 are tapered, i.e. gradual change structures with gradually reduced widths, so that the terminal reflection of the current on the first spiral arm 6 and the second spiral arm 7 is reduced, the tail cutting effect is reduced, the reflection is small when the current reaches the terminal ends along the line, and the broadband characteristic is realized. In order to facilitate the connection of the antenna unit 1 to the balun structure 22, a first connection portion 32 and a second connection portion 33 are respectively provided at the ends of the first feeder line 13 and the second feeder line 14, and the first connection portion 32 and the second connection portion 33 may have an irregular shape, such as a free curve shape, or may have a regular shape, such as a crescent shape, etc., the arc-shaped profile of the connection portion may be substantially circular (e.g., an inner diameter of about 10-20 mm), and the non-arc-shaped profile (e.g., a chord) of the connection portion facilitates the feed to be changed from irregular to regular edges. Since the height of the vertical balun structure 22 is large, in order to reduce the overall height of the present invention, the flexible circuit board 21 is shaped in a folded line shape, and the height thereof is smaller than the height of the reflective cavity 4, so that the height of the reflective cavity 4 can be reduced, thereby reducing the height of the present invention. According to the embodiment, the antenna unit 1 is printed on the back of the substrate 2, the flexible circuit board 21 and the coaxial feeder are electrically connected with the control device, balance-unbalance conversion from coaxial to micro-strips is achieved, meanwhile, the flexible circuit board 21 is designed by adopting a fold line, the overall height of the embodiment is reduced, the installation convenience and stability can be achieved while the low profile is achieved, the installation is convenient in a vehicle, the shark fin antenna can be optimized, the wind resistance and the appearance design difficulty of the vehicle are reduced, and the influence of the vehicle parts on the antenna performance is also reduced.
The invention also provides vehicle glass, which comprises a glass body 26, wherein the glass body 26 is skylight glass, but is not limited to skylight glass, and can also be front windshield glass, rear windshield glass, door glass or the like. The glass body 26 is provided with the positioning antenna applied to the vehicle, and the substrate 2 is the glass body 26. The glass body 26 is used as the substrate 2, so that the cross-section height of the vehicle-mounted positioning antenna can be further applied, the processing is easy, and the production cost is low. The positioning antenna applied to the vehicle is arranged on the vehicle glass, meanwhile, directional radiation can be realized, the circular polarization gain and the axial ratio width performance of the antenna are good, the positioning antenna applied to the vehicle is hidden on the skylight glass, and the interference of other devices is reduced.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 17, the antenna unit 1 applied to the positioning antenna for vehicle-mounted is provided on the outer surface of the glass body 26 facing the vehicle interior, and the feeding device 3 includes a flexible circuit board 21, on which a balun structure 22 is provided, the front ends of the balun structure 22 being electrically coupled to the first feeder line 13 and the second feeder line 14, respectively, and the distal ends thereof being electrically coupled by a coaxial feeder control device. The flexible circuit board 21 is in a zigzag shape, and the height of the flexible circuit board 21 is smaller than the height of the reflective cavity 4. The glass body 26 is laminated glass, but not limited to laminated glass, tempered glass, and the like. The laminated glass includes an inner layer glass 23, an intermediate layer 24, and an outer layer glass 25, wherein an antenna unit 1 applied to a positioning antenna for a vehicle is provided on an outer surface of the inner layer glass 23 facing the inside of the vehicle. The reflecting cavity 4 is prismatic table or round table, directional radiation of the positioning antenna can be effectively realized by adopting the table-shaped reflecting cavity 4, the radiation intensity outside the window is improved, and meanwhile, compared with the parallel reflecting plate or rectangular reflecting cavity 4, the prismatic table or round table-shaped reflecting cavity 4 has larger action range on the incidence angle of the backward electromagnetic wave of the antenna and better multipath inhibition effect. According to the embodiment, the antenna unit 1 is arranged on the glass body 26, the control device is connected with the coaxial feeder through the folded linear flexible circuit board 21, the prismatic table-shaped or round table-shaped reflecting cavity 4 is additionally loaded, the low profile is realized, the convenience and stability of installation of the positioning antenna applied to a vehicle are realized, and the influence of automobile parts on the positioning antenna applied to the vehicle are reduced. The return loss diagram shown in fig. 18, where the impedance bandwidth of-10 dB is 0.6 GHz-1.9 GHz, includes all positioning systems, and can be used to implement high-precision positioning, the width diagram of the axial ratio shown in fig. 19, where the 3dB axial ratio width of the embodiment is-35 ° to 36 °, and the total width is 71 °, so as to basically meet the width index of the positioning antenna axial ratio, and the gain diagram of the embodiment shown in fig. 20, where the gain of the embodiment is 3.928dB, so as to meet the technical index requirement of the positioning antenna of the mobile terminal.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, which are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (11)
1. A positioning antenna for use on board a vehicle, comprising: an antenna unit for receiving and transmitting positioning signals, characterized by: the antenna unit is arranged on the substrate, the antenna unit is electrically connected with the feeding device, the feeding device is electrically connected with the control device through the coaxial feeder, and the control device is used for carrying out information interaction with the outside through the antenna unit; the back of the substrate is provided with a reflecting cavity, the projection of the antenna unit towards the back direction of the substrate is positioned in the reflecting cavity, and the reflecting cavity is used for improving the directional radiation capability of the antenna unit; the antenna unit is a double-arm spiral antenna, the double-arm spiral antenna comprises a first spiral arm and a second spiral arm, the centers of the first spiral arm and the second spiral arm are the same, the first spiral arm and the second spiral arm are arranged on the substrate in a staggered manner, and the first feeder line and the second feeder line which are used for electrically connecting the feed device are respectively arranged at the head ends of the first spiral arm and the second spiral arm; a multi-coil choke is arranged on the outer sides of the first spiral arm and the second spiral arm; the feeding device comprises a dielectric plate, wherein a microstrip feeder is arranged on one surface of the dielectric plate and is used for being electrically connected with the control device; the antenna unit is connected with the microstrip feeder line slot in a coupling way; the ends of the first feeder line and the second feeder line are respectively provided with a first gap and a second gap, the microstrip feeder line comprises a third feeder line and a fourth feeder line, and the head ends of the third feeder line and the fourth feeder line are used for being electrically connected with a control device; the terminals of the third feeder line and the fourth feeder line are respectively provided with a third gap and a fourth gap, and the third feeder line and the fourth feeder line are respectively coupled and connected with the first feeder line and the second feeder line; the antenna unit is arranged on the front surface of the substrate or embedded in the substrate, a grounding plate is arranged on the back surface of the substrate, a fifth gap and a sixth gap are arranged on the grounding plate, the third feeder line is connected with the first feeder line in a coupling way through the fifth gap, the fourth feeder line is connected with the second feeder line in a coupling way through the sixth gap, the fifth gap and the sixth gap are in a fold line shape, and a fifth patch and a sixth patch are respectively arranged at two ends of the fifth gap and the sixth gap.
2. A positioning antenna for vehicle use according to claim 1, wherein: the terminal ends of the first spiral arm and the second spiral arm are gradually-changed structures with gradually-reduced widths.
3. A positioning antenna for vehicle use according to claim 1, wherein: the choke has three turns.
4. A positioning antenna for vehicle use according to claim 1, wherein: the reflective cavity is filled with a wave absorbing material.
5. A positioning antenna for vehicle use according to claim 1, wherein: the reflecting cavity is cylindrical, prismatic table or truncated cone.
6. A vehicle glazing comprising a glazing body, characterized in that: the glass body is provided with the positioning antenna applied to the vehicle, wherein the positioning antenna is used for the vehicle, and the substrate is the glass body.
7. A vehicle glazing according to claim 6, wherein: the antenna unit is arranged inside the glass body, the feed device comprises a dielectric plate, a grounding plate is arranged on the outer surface of the glass body facing the interior of the vehicle, the grounding plate is connected with the dielectric plate, a microstrip feeder is arranged on the dielectric plate, and the microstrip feeder is connected with the antenna unit in a gap coupling manner.
8. A vehicle glazing according to claim 7, wherein: the glass body is laminated glass, and comprises inner layer glass, an intermediate layer and outer layer glass, wherein the antenna unit is arranged on the inner surface of the inner layer glass, the dielectric plate is the inner layer glass, and the grounding plate is arranged on the outer surface of the inner layer glass facing the inside of the automobile.
9. A vehicle glazing according to claim 6, wherein: the antenna unit is arranged on the outer surface of the glass body facing the interior of the vehicle, the feeding device comprises a dielectric plate, the dielectric plate is arranged on the outer surface of the glass body facing the interior of the vehicle, a microstrip feeder is arranged on the dielectric plate, the antenna unit is connected with the microstrip feeder in a gap coupling manner, and the microstrip feeder is electrically connected with the control device through a coaxial feeder.
10. A vehicle glazing according to claim 7, wherein: the reflective cavity is filled with a wave absorbing material.
11. A vehicle glazing according to claim 7, wherein: the reflecting cavity is cylindrical, prismatic table or truncated cone.
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| CN202110361367.6A CN113161735B (en) | 2021-04-02 | 2021-04-02 | Be applied to on-vehicle location antenna and vehicle glass |
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| CN202110361367.6A CN113161735B (en) | 2021-04-02 | 2021-04-02 | Be applied to on-vehicle location antenna and vehicle glass |
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| CN113161735B true CN113161735B (en) | 2024-05-17 |
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| CN113659333A (en) * | 2021-08-09 | 2021-11-16 | 上海天马微电子有限公司 | Antenna |
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