CN113161732B - High-gain antenna with microstrip patch antenna loaded with periodic structure - Google Patents
High-gain antenna with microstrip patch antenna loaded with periodic structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN113161732B CN113161732B CN202110301660.3A CN202110301660A CN113161732B CN 113161732 B CN113161732 B CN 113161732B CN 202110301660 A CN202110301660 A CN 202110301660A CN 113161732 B CN113161732 B CN 113161732B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-gain antenna with a microstrip patch antenna loaded with a periodic structure, which comprises a dielectric plate, a metal radiator, a metal floor and a periodic leaky-wave structure, wherein structural parameters of the periodic leaky-wave structure are set to be determined values in an adjustable or solidified mode, so that at least one frequency point generated by the periodic leaky-wave structure is the same as a resonance point of the antenna. The invention changes the equivalent dielectric constant of the dielectric plate by embedding the periodic leaky-wave structure on the dielectric plate of the microstrip patch antenna, thereby changing the electric field distribution of the metal radiator, being capable of achieving higher gain and enabling the antenna to obtain high gain characteristic by adjusting the periodic leaky-wave structure. In addition, the high-gain antenna with the microstrip patch antenna loading periodic structure is of a plane structure, has a simple structure, and is convenient for batch processing and production. The invention is applied to the technical field of wireless communication.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wireless communication, in particular to a high-gain antenna with a microstrip patch antenna loaded with a periodic structure.
Background
With the development of modern mobile communication technology, the frequency band of electromagnetic waves is continuously increased, the communication distance is continuously increased, and the research on high-gain antennas is increasingly important, so that the high-gain antennas become one of the popular researches in the antenna field. The traditional parabolic reflector antenna and the traditional horn antenna have simple feed sources, but have large volume and high price; the parallel array antenna has the advantages of high gain and easy integration, but the feed network is complex and the cost is high.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of at least one of the above technical problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a high gain antenna with a microstrip patch antenna loaded with a periodic structure, which includes a dielectric plate, a metal radiator, a metal floor, and a periodic leaky-wave structure;
the metal radiator is arranged on the upper surface of the dielectric slab;
the metal floor is arranged on the lower surface of the dielectric plate;
the periodic leaky wave structure is embedded in the dielectric plate;
the metal radiator, the metal floor and the periodic leaky wave structure are all planar structures, and planes of the metal radiator, the metal floor and the periodic leaky wave structure are parallel to each other;
the high-gain antenna with the micro-strip patch antenna loaded with the periodic structure is provided with a plurality of newly added frequency points caused by embedding the periodic leaky-wave structure, wherein the frequency of the newly added frequency points is higher than the original resonant frequency points of the traditional micro-strip patch antenna without embedding the periodic leaky-wave structure; the structural parameters of the periodic leaky-wave structure are set to be determined values in an adjustable or solidified mode, so that a newly added frequency point with the frequency higher than an original resonance frequency point can be adjusted to be the same as the original resonance point of a traditional microstrip patch antenna without the embedded periodic leaky-wave structure.
Further, the dielectric plate comprises a first dielectric layer and a second dielectric layer; the lower surface of the first medium layer is relatively attached to the upper surface of the second medium layer, and the periodic leaky wave structure is embedded between the first medium layer and the second medium layer.
Further, the first medium layer comprises a solid medium or an air medium.
Further, the second medium layer comprises a solid medium or an air medium.
Further, the periodic leaky-wave structure is a periodic orthogonal zigzag microstrip line structure (a city wall structure).
Furthermore, the structural parameters include the number of the periodic units, the equivalent length and width of the periodic units, the line width of the city wall lines, and the relative position parameters between the periodic leaky wave structure and the metal radiator.
Further, the power supply connector is also included; the feed connector penetrates through the dielectric plate, one end of an outer conductor of the feed connector is connected with the metal radiating body, and the other end of the outer conductor of the feed connector is connected with the metal floor.
Further, the microstrip patch antenna loaded periodic structure high-gain antenna has an input impedance caused by the feed connector as a whole, and the position of the feed connector on the dielectric plate is adjustably or solidly set to a certain value, so that the input impedance of the microstrip patch antenna loaded periodic structure high-gain antenna is equal to a target impedance.
Further, the feed connector is insulated from the periodic leaky wave structure.
The beneficial effects of the invention are: the high-gain antenna with the periodic structure is loaded on the microstrip patch antenna in the embodiment, the equivalent dielectric constant of the dielectric plate is changed by embedding the periodic leaky-seeding structure on the dielectric plate of the microstrip patch antenna, so that the electric field distribution of the metal radiator is changed, higher gain can be achieved, and the high-gain characteristic of the antenna can be obtained by adjusting the periodic leaky-wave structure. In addition, the high-gain antenna with the microstrip patch antenna loading periodic structure is of a plane structure, is simple in structure and is convenient to process and produce in batches.
Drawings
Fig. 1 and fig. 2 are structural diagrams of a high-gain antenna with a microstrip patch antenna loaded with a periodic structure in an embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a graph comparing S parameters in examples;
FIG. 4 is a comparison graph of measured gain curves in the examples;
FIG. 5 is an E-plane normalized radiation pattern in an embodiment;
FIG. 6 is an H-plane normalized radiation pattern in an embodiment;
wherein 101 denotes a first dielectric layer in the dielectric plate, 102 denotes a second dielectric layer in the dielectric plate, 2 denotes a metal radiator, 3 denotes a periodic leaky wave structure, 4 denotes a metal floor, and 5 denotes a feed connector.
Detailed Description
In this embodiment, referring to fig. 1, the microstrip patch antenna loaded with the high-gain antenna with the periodic structure includes a dielectric plate, a metal radiator, a metal floor, and a periodic leaky-wave structure. The dielectric plate is of a double-layer structure, the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer of the dielectric plate are oppositely attached to the lower surface of the first dielectric layer, the periodic leaky wave structure is embedded between the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer, the upper surface of the first dielectric layer forms the upper surface of the dielectric plate, and the lower surface of the second dielectric layer forms the lower surface of the dielectric plate. The metal radiator is manufactured on the upper surface of the dielectric slab by a microstrip process, and the metal floor is manufactured on the lower surface of the dielectric slab by the microstrip process. The metal radiator, the metal floor and the periodic leaky wave structure are all planar structures, and planes of the metal radiator, the metal floor and the periodic leaky wave structure are parallel to each other. In this embodiment, the metal radiator is a metal patch.
In this embodiment, the first dielectric layer comprises a solid medium or an air medium, and the second dielectric layer comprises a solid medium or an air medium, so that the following combinations can be formed: the first medium layer is a solid medium, and the second medium layer is a solid medium; the first medium layer is a solid medium, and the second medium layer is an air medium; the first medium layer is an air medium, and the second medium layer is a solid medium; the first medium layer is an air medium, and the second medium layer is an air medium.
In this embodiment, referring to fig. 1, the periodic leaky-wave structure is a periodic orthogonal zigzag microstrip leaky-wave structure (a city wall structure). The number of the periodic units of the periodic leaky wave structure, the equivalent length and width of the specific periodic units, the line width of the city wall line, the relative position of the leaky wave structure and the metal radiating sheet and the like are determined according to the working frequency point of the patch antenna, the phase mode of the leaky wave structure and the impedance matching requirement.
Referring to fig. 2, the microstrip patch antenna loaded periodic structure high gain antenna further includes a feed connector. The feed joint penetrates through the dielectric plate, one end of an outer conductor of the feed joint is connected with the metal radiator, and the other end of the outer conductor of the feed joint is connected with the metal floor. The feed connector is insulated from the periodic leaky wave structure, so that the feed connector can be used for feeding the metal radiating patch, and the periodic leaky wave structure does not feed electricity.
In this embodiment, the principle of loading the high-gain antenna with the periodic structure on the microstrip patch antenna is as follows: the metal radiator is fed through the feed connector, the periodic leaky wave structure is embedded in the dielectric slab due to the leaky wave characteristic of the periodic leaky wave structure, the energy of the metal radiator is coupled into the periodic leaky wave structure, and the periodic structure works in a leaky wave mode. The resonance point that traditional microstrip patch antenna metal radiator that does not embed periodic leaky-seeding structure arouses can be called former resonance point, when former resonance point f0 was located periodic structure leaky-wave structure mode operating region, the propagation constant of microstrip patch antenna loading periodic structure high gain antenna changed, thereby arouse that the dielectric plate shows anisotropy, the equivalent dielectric constant of dielectric plate changes, microstrip patch antenna loading periodic structure high gain antenna can produce a plurality of frequency points that increase newly, can have one or more frequency in these newly-increased frequency points and be higher than the frequency point of former resonance point. If the periodic leaky wave structure is a structure with a fixed shape and the like, the propagation constant of the antenna can be adjusted by selecting proper structural parameters of the periodic leaky wave structure in the design and production processes, specifically, the structural parameters comprise the number of periodic units, the equivalent length and width of the periodic units, the line width of urban wall lines, the relative position parameters between the periodic leaky wave structure and a metal radiator and the like, and the corresponding equivalent dielectric constant is changed so that one newly added frequency point is adjusted back to the original resonant frequency point; if the periodic leaky-wave structure is an adjustable and variable structure such as a shape, the periodic leaky-wave structure can have proper structural parameters by adjusting the shape of the periodic leaky-wave structure after the antenna is produced, so that the propagation constant of the antenna is adjusted, and one newly added frequency point is adjusted back to the original resonant frequency point. By adjusting the propagation constant to a proper value, one of the newly added frequency points can be adjusted back to the original resonant frequency point of the metal radiator, and at the moment, the electric field on the metal radiator is compressed, so that the gain of the antenna is effectively improved. The position of the feed point is adjusted, so that the resonance depth of the resonance frequency point can be adjusted, better matching is achieved, and reflection is reduced; the frequency of the high-gain resonance point of the antenna can be adjusted by adjusting the length of the rectangular patch or the equivalent length or width of the periodic structure unit.
At the same time, when the antenna is fed through the feed connection, it will be possible to measure the input impedance, which is related to the position of the feed connection on the dielectric plate. If the feed connector cannot move on the dielectric plate, the feed connector can be arranged at a proper position on the dielectric plate in the design and production processes so as to enable the antenna to have proper input impedance, for example, the input impedance is equal to the target impedance; if the feed connection is movable on the dielectric plate, the feed connection can be moved on the dielectric plate after the antenna is produced, so as to adjust the input impedance of the antenna, for example, so that the input impedance equals a target impedance.
Fig. 3 is a comparison of the measured S parameters of the antenna model loaded with the periodic structure, that is, the model loaded with the periodic structure high-gain antenna and the periodic leaky-wave structure without the microstrip patch antenna in this embodiment. The S parameter resonance point can be adjusted to 5.8GHz after adjustment, and the working frequency bands of the S parameter resonance point and the S parameter resonance point are almost the same. Fig. 4 is actually measured gain curves in the normal direction of the two models after the periodic structure is unloaded and loaded, and it can be seen that the model after the periodic structure is loaded increases by 2dBi near the working frequency point 5.8GHz, the gain after the periodic leaky wave structure is loaded is 9.4dBi, while the actually measured gain of the model without the periodic structure is only 7.4dBi, and the actually measured and simulated results of the two models are close.
Fig. 5 is an E-plane normalized radiation pattern at the resonance point 5.8GHz for the two models after the periodic structure is unloaded and the periodic structure is loaded, and fig. 6 is an H-plane normalized radiation pattern at the resonance point 5.8GHz for the two models after the periodic structure is unloaded and the periodic structure is loaded. As can be seen from fig. 5 and 6, the H-plane patterns are both approximately the same, except that the normal gain is different, while the E-plane pattern clearly shows that due to the introduction of the periodic structure, the electric field on the patch is compressed, thus obtaining a gain boost of 2 dBi.
The simulation experiment results shown in fig. 3 to fig. 6 indicate that the periodic leaky-wave structure can improve the gain of the antenna, so that the microstrip patch antenna in the embodiment can achieve the expected technical effect when the periodic structure high-gain antenna is loaded.
It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, when a feature is referred to as being "fixed" or "connected" to another feature, it can be directly fixed or connected to the other feature or indirectly fixed or connected to the other feature. Furthermore, the descriptions of up, down, left, right, etc. used in the present disclosure are only relative to the mutual positional relationship of the components of the present disclosure in the drawings. As used in this disclosure, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. In addition, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used in this example have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. The terminology used in the description of the embodiments herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used in this embodiment, the term "and/or" includes any combination of one or more of the associated listed items.
It will be understood that, although the terms first, second, third, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element of the same type from another. For example, a first element could be termed a second element, and, similarly, a second element could be termed a first element, without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. The use of any and all examples, or exemplary language ("e.g.," such as "etc.), provided with the present embodiment is intended merely to better illuminate embodiments of the invention and does not pose a limitation on the scope of the invention unless otherwise claimed.
It should be recognized that embodiments of the present invention can be realized and implemented by computer hardware, a combination of hardware and software, or by computer instructions stored in a non-transitory computer readable memory. The methods may be implemented in a computer program using standard programming techniques, including a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium configured with the computer program, where the storage medium so configured causes a computer to operate in a specific and predefined manner, according to the methods and figures described in the detailed description. Each program may be implemented in a high level procedural or object oriented programming language to communicate with a computer system. However, the program(s) can be implemented in assembly or machine language, if desired. In any case, the language may be a compiled or interpreted language. Furthermore, the program can be run on a programmed application specific integrated circuit for this purpose.
Further, operations of processes described in this embodiment can be performed in any suitable order unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context. The processes described in this embodiment (or variations and/or combinations thereof) may be performed under the control of one or more computer systems configured with executable instructions, and may be implemented as code (e.g., executable instructions, one or more computer programs, or one or more applications) collectively executed on one or more processors, by hardware, or combinations thereof. The computer program includes a plurality of instructions executable by one or more processors.
Further, the method may be implemented in any type of computing platform operatively connected to a suitable connection, including but not limited to a personal computer, mini computer, mainframe, workstation, networked or distributed computing environment, separate or integrated computer platform, or in communication with a charged particle tool or other imaging device, or the like. Aspects of the invention may be implemented in machine-readable code stored on a non-transitory storage medium or device, whether removable or integrated onto a computing platform, such as a hard disk, optically read and/or write storage media, RAM, ROM, etc., so that it is readable by a programmable computer, which when read by the computer can be used to configure and operate the computer to perform the procedures described herein. Further, the machine-readable code, or portions thereof, may be transmitted over a wired or wireless network. The invention described in this embodiment includes these and other different types of non-transitory computer-readable storage media when such media include instructions or programs that implement the steps described above in conjunction with a microprocessor or other data processor. The invention also includes the computer itself when programmed according to the methods and techniques described herein.
A computer program can be applied to input data to perform the functions described in the present embodiment to convert the input data to generate output data that is stored to a non-volatile memory. The output information may also be applied to one or more output devices, such as a display. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the transformed data represents physical and tangible objects, including particular visual depictions of physical and tangible objects produced on a display.
The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention as long as the technical effects of the present invention are achieved by the same means. The invention is capable of other modifications and variations in its technical solution and/or its implementation, within the scope of protection of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A high-gain antenna with a microstrip patch antenna loaded with a periodic structure is characterized by comprising a dielectric plate, a metal radiator, a metal floor and a periodic leaky-wave structure;
the metal radiator is arranged on the upper surface of the dielectric slab;
the metal floor is arranged on the lower surface of the dielectric plate;
the periodic leaky wave structure is embedded in the dielectric slab;
the metal radiator, the metal floor and the periodic leaky wave structure are all planar structures, and planes of the metal radiator, the metal floor and the periodic leaky wave structure are parallel to each other;
the high-gain antenna with the micro-strip patch antenna loaded with the periodic structure is provided with a plurality of newly added frequency points caused by embedding the periodic leaky-wave structure, wherein the frequency of the newly added frequency points is higher than the original resonant frequency points of the traditional micro-strip patch antenna without embedding the periodic leaky-wave structure; the structural parameters of the periodic leaky-wave structure are set to be determined values in an adjustable or solidified mode, so that newly added frequency points with the frequency higher than the original resonance frequency point can be adjusted to be the same as the original resonance point of the traditional microstrip patch antenna without the periodic leaky-wave structure.
2. The microstrip patch antenna loaded periodic structure high gain antenna according to claim 1, wherein the dielectric plate comprises a first dielectric layer and a second dielectric layer; the lower surface of the first dielectric layer is relatively attached to the upper surface of the second dielectric layer, and the periodic leaky wave structure is embedded between the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer.
3. The microstrip patch antenna loaded periodic structure high gain antenna according to claim 2, wherein the first dielectric layer comprises a solid medium or an air medium.
4. The microstrip patch antenna loaded periodic structure high gain antenna according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the second dielectric layer comprises a solid medium or an air medium.
5. The microstrip patch antenna loaded periodic structure high gain antenna according to claim 1, wherein the periodic leaky-wave structure is a periodic quadrature meander microstrip structure.
6. The microstrip patch antenna loaded periodic structure high gain antenna according to claim 5, wherein the structural parameters include number of period units, equivalent length and width of period units, line width, and relative position parameters between the periodic leaky-wave structure and the metal radiator.
7. The microstrip patch antenna loaded periodic structure high gain antenna according to claim 1, further comprising a feed connection; the feed connector penetrates through the dielectric plate, one end of an outer conductor of the feed connector is connected with the metal radiating body, and the other end of the outer conductor of the feed connector is connected with the metal floor.
8. The microstrip patch antenna loaded periodic structure high gain antenna according to claim 7, wherein the microstrip patch antenna loaded periodic structure high gain antenna has an input impedance as a whole caused by the position of the feed connection, and the position of the feed connection on the dielectric plate is adjustably or solidly set to a determined value such that the input impedance of the microstrip patch antenna loaded periodic structure high gain antenna is equal to a target impedance.
9. The microstrip patch antenna loaded periodic structure high gain antenna according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the feed connection is insulated from the periodic leaky-wave structure.
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| CN202110301660.3A CN113161732B (en) | 2021-03-22 | 2021-03-22 | High-gain antenna with microstrip patch antenna loaded with periodic structure |
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| CN202110301660.3A CN113161732B (en) | 2021-03-22 | 2021-03-22 | High-gain antenna with microstrip patch antenna loaded with periodic structure |
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| CN113161732A CN113161732A (en) | 2021-07-23 |
| CN113161732B true CN113161732B (en) | 2022-12-27 |
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Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109560375A (en) * | 2018-11-23 | 2019-04-02 | 中山大学 | Periodically orthogonal meander line leaky-wave antenna |
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Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109560375A (en) * | 2018-11-23 | 2019-04-02 | 中山大学 | Periodically orthogonal meander line leaky-wave antenna |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| "A Patch Antenna Coupling of Periodic Leak-Wave Structure With Tri-Frequency Capability";Kebin Liu等;《IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS》;20201201;第20卷(第1期);第98-101页 * |
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