CN113161645A - Automobile battery thermal management system and method for improving temperature uniformity of battery module - Google Patents
Automobile battery thermal management system and method for improving temperature uniformity of battery module Download PDFInfo
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- CN113161645A CN113161645A CN202110382943.5A CN202110382943A CN113161645A CN 113161645 A CN113161645 A CN 113161645A CN 202110382943 A CN202110382943 A CN 202110382943A CN 113161645 A CN113161645 A CN 113161645A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/615—Heating or keeping warm
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/617—Types of temperature control for achieving uniformity or desired distribution of temperature
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
- H01M10/625—Vehicles
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/63—Control systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/63—Control systems
- H01M10/635—Control systems based on ambient temperature
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/63—Control systems
- H01M10/637—Control systems characterised by the use of reversible temperature-sensitive devices, e.g. NTC, PTC or bimetal devices; characterised by control of the internal current flowing through the cells, e.g. by switching
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
- H01M10/6554—Rods or plates
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
- H01M10/6567—Liquids
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/66—Heat-exchange relationships between the cells and other systems, e.g. central heating systems or fuel cells
- H01M10/667—Heat-exchange relationships between the cells and other systems, e.g. central heating systems or fuel cells the system being an electronic component, e.g. a CPU, an inverter or a capacitor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention discloses an automobile battery heat management system and a method for improving the temperature uniformity of battery modules. According to the invention, the uniformity of flow distribution among different cold plates can be well ensured by adding the proportional valve in the liquid cooling system, and the temperature equalization of the battery modules on different cold plates is ensured. Through the flow direction of the cooling liquid in the change system, can guarantee the temperature uniformity of same cold plate on the exit position well, guarantee that battery module is in under the more even temperature condition all the time. In cold winter, the battery module is heated by utilizing the heat generated by the power equipment elements, so that the heating power of the PTC can be effectively reduced, and the endurance mileage of the battery can be improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of heat dissipation, and particularly relates to an automobile battery heat management system and a method for improving the temperature uniformity of a battery module, which are suitable for cooling a new energy automobile battery pack.
Background
Under the background of energy restriction, environmental pollution and the like, the use of fuel vehicles is reduced, the rapid development of new energy vehicles becomes a consensus of countries in the world, and the countries in the world have been provided with schedules for forbidding the sale of fuel vehicles. The government of China already takes the development of new energy automobiles as a major measure for solving the problems of energy and environment and realizing sustainable development, and various automobile production enterprises also take the new energy automobiles as an important strategic direction for seizing the high-point of the future automobile industry. Under the joint efforts of governments and enterprises, the production and sales volume of new energy automobiles is rapidly increased.
The development of new energy automobiles inevitably requires that the charging and discharging speed and the endurance mileage of batteries of the new energy automobiles are continuously improved, so that the power carrying capacity, the energy density and the charging and discharging multiplying power are continuously improved, and the importance of a thermal management system is continuously highlighted. The existing research results show that: the thermal management system not only influences the service life of the battery and the endurance mileage of the new energy vehicle, but also influences the safety of the new energy vehicle to a great extent.
The conventional battery thermal management systems generally include three types, namely a liquid cooling type, an air cooling type and a direct cooling type.
Liquid cooling is currently the most widely used cooling of batteries. Antifreeze is generally used as a working medium, and the heat of a battery is released to the environment through an automobile water tank or an automobile air conditioner, and the specific form is shown in fig. 1. Place battery module on the cold drawing, general battery package can contain a plurality of battery modules, and the cold drawing is generally designed into the form of connecting in parallel this moment, places a plurality of battery modules on every cold drawing to improve the integrated level of system. Because the plurality of cold plates adopt the parallel mode, the flow distribution among different cold plates is uneven easily caused, and the battery modules on different cold plates have larger temperature difference. In addition, because the liquid cooling system adopts the sensible heat of coolant liquid to take away the heat of battery module, the temperature of coolant liquid constantly risees along flow direction, causes the battery module temperature that is close to the cold drawing entrance to be higher than the battery module temperature that is close to the cold drawing exit. In cold winter, the battery module adopts PTC to heat, and it is inhomogeneous also to appear flow distribution between the cold plate equally in the heating process, or the same cold drawing is close to the position temperature of PTC export high, and the position temperature that keeps away from the cold drawing export is low phenomenon, leads to the intensification of battery module inhomogeneous.
The air cooling type is that natural wind or cold wind after the temperature of an automobile air conditioning system is reduced is blown into the battery pack by a vehicle-mounted fan for cooling. Its advantages are simple structure and light weight; the defects are that the air-cooled convection heat exchange coefficient is small, so the cooling capacity is limited, the influence of the external environment temperature is large, the rapid cooling and heating cannot be realized, and the temperature uniformity of the battery cannot be ensured.
The direct cooling type is to cool the battery pack by directly using a refrigerant in an air conditioning system of the vehicle. Compared with single-phase liquid cooling heat dissipation, the heat exchange coefficient of the flowing boiling heat dissipation is much larger, so that the requirement of quick charging can be met, the system structure is simpler than that of a liquid cooling system, and the energy density of the battery pack is favorably improved. But compared to single-phase liquid cooling systems: the problems that the distribution of working media flowing in two phases, the inhibition of flow instability, the control of dryness, the control strategy of a system and the like are difficult to solve at present are solved, and the application is less except for a few vehicle types.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an automobile battery thermal management system which can improve the distribution uniformity of cooling liquid flow among different cold plates and prevent the problem of gradual temperature rise of a battery module caused by gradual temperature rise of the cold plates along the way, and the temperature uniformity of the battery module is ensured by increasing a proportional valve and changing the flow direction of fluid.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: an automotive battery thermal management system comprising:
the temperature sensor monitors the temperature state of each battery module in real time;
the liquid cooling system comprises a cooling liquid filling compensator, a cooling liquid circulating pump, a three-way valve, a radiator, a proportional valve, a cold plate group, a first two-way valve, a second two-way valve and a third two-way valve, wherein the cold plates in the cold plate group are connected in parallel, and are in close contact with the battery module;
the controller is used for controlling the conduction direction of the three-way valve and the switching state of each two-way valve so as to change the flow direction of the cooling liquid, thereby realizing the temperature uniformity of the battery modules on the same cold plate in the flow direction of the cooling liquid; the opening degree of different outlets of the proportional valve is controlled and adjusted to realize the flow adjustment of cooling liquid of different cold plates, so that the temperature uniformity among the battery modules on different cold plates is realized.
As a preferred technical solution, the cooling liquid of the liquid cooling system flows through at least part of the electrical equipment devices of the vehicle.
Preferably, the power equipment device comprises a motor, an IGBT, a transformer and the like.
As a preferred technical solution, the liquid cooling system further includes a PTC heater for heating the cooling liquid.
As a preferred technical scheme, the cooling liquid filling compensator is arranged on an inlet pipeline of a cooling liquid circulating pump, and the three-way valve is arranged on an outlet pipeline of the cooling liquid circulating pump;
one end of the first two-way valve is connected with the PCT heater, and the other end of the first two-way valve is connected with the cooling liquid filling compensator;
one end of the second two-way valve is connected with the cooling liquid filling compensator, the other end of the second two-way valve is connected with a first outlet of the three-way valve, a second outlet of the three-way valve is connected to the PCT heater, the PCT heater is connected to a power equipment device, and the power equipment device is connected to the positive outlet end of the cold plate set;
the third two-way valve is connected with the radiator in parallel and then is connected to one end of the proportional valve, and the other end of the proportional valve is connected to the positive inlet end of the cold plate group;
when the first two-way valve is opened and the second two-way valve and the third two-way valve are in the closed state, the liquid cooling system forms a forward cooling loop;
when the first outlet direction of the three-way valve is closed and the second outlet direction of the three-way valve is conducted, the second two-way valve is opened, and the first two-way valve and the third two-way valve are in a closed state, the liquid cooling system is switched to form a reverse cooling loop;
the first outlet direction of the three-way valve is conducted, the second outlet direction of the three-way valve is closed, when the first two-way valve and the third two-way valve are opened and the second two-way valve is in a closed state, the liquid cooling system is switched to form a heating loop.
As a preferred technical scheme, the cooling liquid filling compensator is an expansion kettle.
The invention also provides a method for improving the temperature uniformity of the battery module by adopting the automobile battery thermal management system, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps that firstly, a cooling liquid circulating pump drives cooling liquid to flow in a liquid cooling system in a forward direction, a temperature sensor monitors the temperature state of a battery module on each cold plate in real time, the initial state of a proportional valve is that the opening degree of each outlet is the same, and the flow rates of the cooling liquid in different cold plates are basically consistent; when the temperature difference between two of the battery modules on different cold plates exceeds a first set value, executing a second step; when the temperature difference between the thermocouple of a certain battery module close to the cold plate inlet and the thermocouple of a certain battery module close to the cold plate outlet exceeds a second set value, executing a third step;
adjusting the opening state of the proportional valve, increasing the opening of a valve outlet of a cold plate of the battery module corresponding to higher temperature, reducing flow resistance, increasing the flow of cooling liquid at the moment, and improving the cooling capacity of the high-temperature module; the opening degree of a valve outlet of a cold plate corresponding to the battery module with lower temperature is reduced, the flow of cooling liquid is reduced, and the cooling capacity of the low-temperature module is reduced; in the state, when the temperature difference among the battery modules on different cold plates is smaller than a third set value, the proportional valve is restored to the state that the opening degree of each outlet is the same, and the flow of the outlets is basically the same at the moment;
and step three, changing the running direction of the three-way valve to enable the circulation direction of the cooling liquid to be opposite to that of the cooling liquid in the step one, and enabling the cooling liquid to reversely enter each cold plate, so that the uniformity of the battery module per se in the flowing direction of the cooling liquid is ensured.
And step four, when the automobile starts to operate or the environmental temperature is low, switching the path of the cooling liquid to ensure that the cooling liquid does not pass through the radiator, and heating the cooling liquid by utilizing the heat generated by the power equipment and/or the PTC heater.
As a preferred technical scheme, the specific operation method of the step one is as follows: controlling the first outlet direction of the three-way valve to be conducted and the second outlet direction to be closed, opening the first two-way valve, and enabling the second two-way valve and the third two-way valve to be in a closed state, driving cooling liquid to flow in the liquid cooling system in a forward direction by a cooling liquid circulating pump, enabling the cooling liquid to flow out of the first outlet direction of the three-way valve and flow through a radiator, enabling low-temperature cooling liquid to enter each cold plate through a proportional valve, cooling the battery modules on each cold plate, enabling the low-temperature cooling liquid to flow through a power equipment device to cool the power equipment device, enabling high-temperature cooling liquid to enter a cooling liquid filling compensator after passing through the PTC heater and the first two-way valve, and completing primary cooling circulation;
the third specific operation method comprises the following steps: controlling the first outlet direction of the three-way valve to be closed and the second outlet direction to be communicated, opening the second two-way valve, and enabling the first two-way valve and the third two-way valve to be in a closed state, driving cooling liquid to flow in a liquid cooling system in a reverse direction by a cooling liquid circulating pump, enabling the cooling liquid to flow out from the second outlet direction of the three-way valve, sequentially passing through the PTC heater, the power equipment device and each cold plate, entering the proportional valve, flowing through the radiator to dissipate heat, passing through the second two-way valve and the cooling liquid filling compensator, and passing through the cooling liquid circulating pump again to complete the whole circulation;
the concrete operation method of the step four is as follows: the first outlet direction of the three-way valve is controlled to be conducted, the second outlet direction of the three-way valve is controlled to be closed, the first two-way valve and the third two-way valve are opened, the second two-way valve is in a closed state, the cooling liquid circulating pump drives the cooling liquid to flow out from the first outlet direction of the three-way valve, the cooling liquid enters the proportional valve through the second two-way valve, the battery modules are heated through the cold plates, heat in the power equipment device is absorbed, and the cooling liquid flows back to the cooling liquid filling compensator through the PTC heater and the first two-way valve.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has at least the following beneficial effects: .
(1) The uniformity of flow distribution among different cold plates can be well guaranteed by adding the proportional valve in the liquid cooling system, and the temperature equalization of the battery modules on different cold plates is guaranteed.
(2) Through the flow direction of the cooling liquid in the change system, can guarantee the temperature uniformity of same cold plate on the exit position well, guarantee that battery module is in under the more even temperature condition all the time.
(3) In cold winter, the battery module is heated by utilizing the heat generated by the power equipment elements, so that the heating power of the PTC is effectively reduced, and the endurance mileage of the battery is favorably improved.
Drawings
The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating and explaining the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. Wherein:
fig. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a cooling of each battery module using a plurality of cold plates according to the related art;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a liquid cooling system according to an embodiment of the present invention under working conditions 1 and 2;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a liquid cooling system according to an embodiment of the present invention under condition 3;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a liquid cooling system according to an embodiment of the present invention under condition 4;
in which the solid lines in figures 2, 3 and 4 represent circuits through which the cooling fluid flows during operation and the broken lines represent circuits through which the cooling fluid does not flow during operation.
In the figure: 101-cooling fluid circulating pump; 201-three-way valve; 301-a heat sink; 401-a first two-way valve; 402-a second two-way valve; 403-a third two-way valve; 501-a proportional valve; 601-a first cold plate; 602-a second cold plate; 603-a third cold plate; 701-power equipment devices; 801-PTC heater; 901-coolant fill compensator.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated below with reference to the figures and examples. In the following detailed description, certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention are described by way of illustration only. Needless to say, a person skilled in the art realizes that the described embodiments can be modified in various different ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, the drawings and description are illustrative in nature and not intended to limit the scope of the claims.
The automobile battery thermal management system comprises a temperature sensor, a liquid cooling system and a controller, wherein the temperature sensor can monitor the temperature state of each battery module in real time;
in this embodiment, the battery module is schematically illustrated by taking three examples, namely, a battery module 1, a battery module 2, and a battery module 3;
referring to fig. 2, the liquid cooling system includes a coolant filling compensator 901, a coolant circulation pump 101, a three-way valve 201, a radiator 301, a proportional valve 501, a cold plate group, a first two-way valve 401, a second two-way valve 402, and a third two-way valve 403; in this embodiment, the coolant filling compensator 901 is an expansion tank, the coolant circulating pump 101 is a water pump for providing circulating power, the cold plate set includes a first cold plate 601, a second cold plate 602, and a third cold plate 603, and the cold plates are arranged in parallel and respectively mounted at the bottom of each battery module and in close contact with the battery module;
the controller controls the conduction direction of the three-way valve 201 and the on-off state of each two-way valve to change the flow direction of the cooling liquid, so that the temperature uniformity of the battery modules on the same cold plate in the flow direction of the cooling liquid is realized; the opening degree of different outlets of the proportional valve 501 is controlled and adjusted to adjust the flow of the cooling liquid of different cold plates, so that the temperature uniformity among the battery modules on different cold plates is realized.
In this embodiment, the cooling liquid of the liquid cooling system also flows through the power equipment devices 701 such as the motor, the IGBT, and the transformer. The liquid cooling system further includes a PTC heater 801 for heating the cooling liquid.
Referring to fig. 2, the coolant filling compensator 901 is installed on an inlet pipe of the coolant circulation pump 101, and the three-way valve 201 is installed on an outlet pipe of the coolant circulation pump 101, and has a first outlet in the AB direction and a second outlet in the AC direction;
one end of the first two-way valve 401 is connected with the PCT heater 801, and the other end of the first two-way valve 401 is connected with the coolant filling compensator 901;
one end of the second two-way valve 402 is connected to the coolant filling compensator 901, the other end of the second two-way valve 402 is connected to a first outlet (an AB direction outlet) of the three-way valve 201, a second outlet (an AC direction outlet) of the three-way valve 201 is connected to the PCT heater 801, the PCT heater 801 is connected to power equipment 701 such as a motor, an IGBT, a transformer, and the power equipment 701 is connected to a cold plate group forward outlet E;
the third two-way valve 403 is connected to one end of the proportional valve 501 after being connected in parallel with the radiator 301, and the other end of the proportional valve 501 is connected to the forward inlet end D of the cold plate group;
working condition 1: referring to fig. 2, when the first outlet (the outlet in the AB direction) of the three-way valve 201 is turned on and the second outlet (the outlet in the AC direction) is turned off, and the first two-way valve 401 is opened and the second two-way valve 401 and the third two-way valve 403 are in the closed state, the cooling liquid in the liquid cooling system forms a forward cooling loop (a path shown by a solid line), that is, the cooling liquid enters from the end D of the cold plate group and then flows to the end E of the cold plate group; the method specifically comprises the following steps: the cooling liquid circulating pump 101 drives the cooling liquid to flow in the liquid cooling system in the forward direction, the cooling liquid flows out from the first outlet direction of the three-way valve 201 and flows through the radiator 301, the low-temperature cooling liquid enters the first cold plate 601, the second cold plate 602 and the third cold plate 603 through the proportional valve 501, the battery modules on the cold plates are cooled, the low-temperature cooling liquid flows through the power equipment device 701 to cool the power equipment device, the high-temperature cooling liquid enters the cooling liquid filling compensator 901 after passing through the PTC heater 801 and the first two-way valve 401, and therefore a cooling circulation is completed.
Working condition 2: the main effect of this operating mode is the temperature homogeneity of guaranteeing between battery module 1, battery module 2 and the battery module 3. The temperature sensors monitor the temperature states of the battery module 1 on the first cold plate 601, the battery module 2 on the second cold plate 602 and the battery module 3 on the third cold plate 603 in real time, when the temperature difference between the two battery modules exceeds a first set value (such as 3 ℃), the controller adjusts the opening state of the proportional valve 501, the opening of the valve outlet of the cold plate corresponding to the battery module with higher temperature is increased, the flow resistance is reduced, the flow of cooling liquid is increased at the moment, and the cooling capacity of the high-temperature module is improved; the opening degree of a valve outlet of a cold plate corresponding to the battery module with lower temperature is reduced, the flow of cooling liquid is reduced, and the cooling capacity of the low-temperature module is reduced; in this state, until the temperature difference between the three battery modules is smaller than a third set value (e.g., 1 ℃), the proportional valve 501 returns to a state in which the opening degree of each outlet is the same, and the outlet flow rates are substantially the same at this time.
Working condition 3: the main effect of this operating mode is that guarantee the temperature uniformity of a certain battery module self in the coolant flow direction. Because what this system adopted is that the coolant liquid sensible heat is cooled down to battery module, can rise gradually at the flow in-process temperature of coolant liquid, lead to the temperature uniformity of battery module self to reduce. Taking the battery module 1 as an example, since the cooling liquid absorbs the heat of the battery module and the temperature of the cooling liquid gradually increases in the flow direction, the temperature of the battery module near the inlet (end D) is higher than the temperature of the battery module near the outlet (end E). The system creatively adopts a mode of changing the flow direction of the module cooling liquid to overcome the technical problem. Referring to fig. 3, when the first outlet (the outlet in the AB direction) of the three-way valve 201 is closed and the second outlet (the outlet in the AC direction) is open, and the second two-way valve 402 is open and the first two-way valve 401 and the third two-way valve 403 are in the closed state, the cooling liquid in the liquid cooling system is switched to form a reverse cooling loop (a path shown by a solid line), that is, the cooling liquid enters from the end E of the cold plate group and then flows to the end D of the cold plate group; the method specifically comprises the following steps: the cooling liquid circulating pump 101 drives the cooling liquid to flow in the liquid cooling system in the reverse direction, the cooling liquid flows out from the second outlet direction of the three-way valve 201, sequentially passes through the PTC heater 801, the power equipment device 701 and the cold plates, enters the proportional valve 501, flows through the radiator 301 for heat dissipation, passes through the second two-way valve 402 and the cooling liquid filling compensator 901, and passes through the cooling liquid circulating pump 101 again to complete the whole circulation. This operating mode 3 is on the basis of operating mode 1 operation, and when detecting a certain battery module like battery module 1, when being close the entry and being close the thermocouple difference in temperature on the battery module of exit position and exceeding the setting value (like 3 ℃), three-way valve 201 changes the traffic direction for the coolant liquid circulation direction in coolant liquid circulation direction and the operating mode 1 is opposite, thereby guarantees the homogeneity of battery module in the flow direction of following the coolant liquid.
Working condition 4: the working conditions 1 to 3 are all operating conditions under the condition that the ambient temperature is high and heat dissipation needs to be performed through the radiator 301, and the working condition 4 is suitable for operation of the automobile at the beginning or under the condition that the ambient temperature is low. When ambient temperature is lower (for example below 0 ℃), for guaranteeing battery module's performance this moment, need heat it, this patent can be used for heating battery module with the heat that power equipment device operation in-process produced to reduce PTC heater's energy consumption. Referring to fig. 4, the first outlet (the outlet in the AB direction) of the three-way valve 201 is controlled to be on, the second outlet (the outlet in the AC direction) is controlled to be off, the first two-way valve 401 and the third two-way valve 403 are opened, the second two-way valve 402 is in the off state, and the liquid cooling system is switched to form a heating loop. The method specifically comprises the following steps: the coolant circulating pump 101 drives the coolant to flow out from the first outlet of the three-way valve 201, pass through the second two-way valve 402, enter the proportional valve 501, pass through the cold plates to heat the battery module, absorb heat in the power equipment device 701, and flow back to the coolant filling compensator 901 through the PTC heater 801 and the first two-way valve 401. When the new energy automobile starts to operate or the ambient temperature is extremely low, the heat generated by the power equipment device 701 is not enough to heat the battery module, and at this time, the PTC heater 801 can be turned on to heat as required. In addition, the battery module can be timely selected to operate according to the working conditions 2 and 3 according to the temperature uniformity condition in the temperature rise process of the battery module, and the battery module is guaranteed to have better temperature uniformity by adjusting the opening degree of different outlets of the proportional valve and the flowing direction of the cooling liquid.
In addition, when summer high temperature weather, ambient temperature is higher than the operating temperature of battery module, and when the heat of battery module can't release the environment through radiator 301, can couple radiator 301 with whole car air conditioning system's evaporimeter for the heat dissipation of battery module.
In conclusion, the proportion valve is added in the liquid cooling system, so that the uniformity of flow distribution among different cold plates can be well ensured, and the temperature equalization of the battery modules on different cold plates is ensured. Through the flow direction of the cooling liquid in the change system, can guarantee the temperature uniformity of same cold plate on the exit position well, guarantee that battery module is in under the more even temperature condition all the time. In cold winter, the battery module is heated by utilizing the heat generated by the power equipment elements, so that the heating power of the PTC can be effectively reduced, and the endurance mileage of the battery can be improved.
The above description is only an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any equivalent changes and modifications that can be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and principles of the invention should fall within the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. An automotive battery thermal management system, comprising:
the temperature sensor monitors the temperature state of each battery module in real time;
the liquid cooling system comprises a cooling liquid filling compensator, a cooling liquid circulating pump, a three-way valve, a radiator, a proportional valve, a cold plate group, a first two-way valve, a second two-way valve and a third two-way valve, wherein the cold plates in the cold plate group are connected in parallel, and are in close contact with the battery module;
the controller is used for controlling the conduction direction of the three-way valve and the switching state of each two-way valve so as to change the flow direction of the cooling liquid, thereby realizing the temperature uniformity of the battery modules on the same cold plate in the flow direction of the cooling liquid; the opening degree of different outlets of the proportional valve is controlled and adjusted to realize the flow adjustment of cooling liquid of different cold plates, so that the temperature uniformity among the battery modules on different cold plates is realized.
2. The automotive battery thermal management system of claim 1, wherein: the cooling liquid of the liquid cooling system flows through at least part of the electric equipment devices of the automobile.
3. The automotive battery thermal management system of claim 2, wherein: the power equipment device comprises a motor, an IGBT and a transformer.
4. The automotive battery thermal management system of claim 3, wherein: the liquid cooling system further comprises a PTC heater for heating the cooling liquid.
5. The automotive battery thermal management system of claim 4, wherein: the cooling liquid filling compensator is arranged on an inlet pipeline of the cooling liquid circulating pump, and the three-way valve is arranged on an outlet pipeline of the cooling liquid circulating pump;
one end of the first two-way valve is connected with the PCT heater, and the other end of the first two-way valve is connected with the cooling liquid filling compensator;
one end of the second two-way valve is connected with the cooling liquid filling compensator, the other end of the second two-way valve is connected with a first outlet of the three-way valve, a second outlet of the three-way valve is connected to the PCT heater, the PCT heater is connected to a power equipment device, and the power equipment device is connected to the positive outlet end of the cold plate set;
the third two-way valve is connected with the radiator in parallel and then is connected to one end of the proportional valve, and the other end of the proportional valve is connected to the positive inlet end of the cold plate group;
when the first two-way valve is opened and the second two-way valve and the third two-way valve are in the closed state, the liquid cooling system forms a forward cooling loop;
when the first outlet direction of the three-way valve is closed and the second outlet direction of the three-way valve is conducted, the second two-way valve is opened, and the first two-way valve and the third two-way valve are in a closed state, the liquid cooling system is switched to form a reverse cooling loop;
the first outlet direction of the three-way valve is conducted, the second outlet direction of the three-way valve is closed, when the first two-way valve and the third two-way valve are opened and the second two-way valve is in a closed state, the liquid cooling system is switched to form a heating loop.
6. The automotive battery thermal management system of claim 4, wherein: the cooling liquid filling compensator is an expansion kettle.
7. The method for improving the temperature uniformity of the battery module by using the thermal management system of the automobile battery as claimed in claim 5 or 6, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps that firstly, a cooling liquid circulating pump drives cooling liquid to flow in a liquid cooling system in a forward direction, a temperature sensor monitors the temperature state of a battery module on each cold plate in real time, the initial state of a proportional valve is that the opening degree of each outlet is the same, and the flow rates of the cooling liquid in different cold plates are basically consistent; when the temperature difference between two of the battery modules on different cold plates exceeds a first set value, executing a second step; when the temperature difference between the thermocouple of a certain battery module close to the cold plate inlet and the thermocouple of a certain battery module close to the cold plate outlet exceeds a second set value, executing a third step;
adjusting the opening state of the proportional valve, increasing the opening of a valve outlet of a cold plate of the battery module corresponding to higher temperature, reducing flow resistance, increasing the flow of cooling liquid at the moment, and improving the cooling capacity of the high-temperature module; the opening degree of a valve outlet of a cold plate corresponding to the battery module with lower temperature is reduced, the flow of cooling liquid is reduced, and the cooling capacity of the low-temperature module is reduced; in the state, when the temperature difference among the battery modules on different cold plates is smaller than a third set value, the proportional valve is restored to the state that the opening degree of each outlet is the same, and the flow of the outlets is basically the same at the moment;
and step three, changing the running direction of the three-way valve to enable the circulation direction of the cooling liquid to be opposite to that of the cooling liquid in the step one, and enabling the cooling liquid to reversely enter each cold plate, so that the uniformity of the battery module per se in the flowing direction of the cooling liquid is ensured.
8. The method for improving the temperature uniformity of a battery module of claim 7, further comprising:
and step four, when the automobile starts to operate or the environmental temperature is low, switching the path of the cooling liquid to ensure that the cooling liquid does not pass through the radiator, and heating the cooling liquid by utilizing the heat generated by the power equipment and/or the PTC heater.
9. The method for improving the temperature uniformity of a battery module according to claim 8, wherein the specific operation method in the step one is as follows: controlling the first outlet direction of the three-way valve to be conducted and the second outlet direction to be closed, opening the first two-way valve, and enabling the second two-way valve and the third two-way valve to be in a closed state, driving cooling liquid to flow in the liquid cooling system in a forward direction by a cooling liquid circulating pump, enabling the cooling liquid to flow out of the first outlet direction of the three-way valve and flow through a radiator, enabling low-temperature cooling liquid to enter each cold plate through a proportional valve, cooling the battery modules on each cold plate, enabling the low-temperature cooling liquid to flow through a power equipment device to cool the power equipment device, enabling high-temperature cooling liquid to enter a cooling liquid filling compensator after passing through the PTC heater and the first two-way valve, and completing primary cooling circulation;
the third specific operation method comprises the following steps: controlling the first outlet direction of the three-way valve to be closed and the second outlet direction to be communicated, opening the second two-way valve, and enabling the first two-way valve and the third two-way valve to be in a closed state, driving cooling liquid to flow in a liquid cooling system in a reverse direction by a cooling liquid circulating pump, enabling the cooling liquid to flow out from the second outlet direction of the three-way valve, sequentially passing through the PTC heater, the power equipment device and each cold plate, entering the proportional valve, flowing through the radiator to dissipate heat, passing through the second two-way valve and the cooling liquid filling compensator, and passing through the cooling liquid circulating pump again to complete the whole circulation;
the concrete operation method of the step four is as follows: the first outlet direction of the three-way valve is controlled to be conducted, the second outlet direction of the three-way valve is controlled to be closed, the first two-way valve and the third two-way valve are opened, the second two-way valve is in a closed state, the cooling liquid circulating pump drives the cooling liquid to flow out from the first outlet direction of the three-way valve, the cooling liquid enters the proportional valve through the second two-way valve, the battery modules are heated through the cold plates, heat in the power equipment device is absorbed, and the cooling liquid flows back to the cooling liquid filling compensator through the PTC heater and the first two-way valve.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114552062A (en) * | 2022-02-24 | 2022-05-27 | 深圳威迈斯新能源股份有限公司 | Battery changing station waste heat utilization system and control method thereof |
| CN117199625A (en) * | 2023-11-07 | 2023-12-08 | 深圳市昂佳科技有限公司 | Self-cooling lithium iron phosphate battery pack |
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2021
- 2021-04-09 CN CN202110382943.5A patent/CN113161645A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114552062A (en) * | 2022-02-24 | 2022-05-27 | 深圳威迈斯新能源股份有限公司 | Battery changing station waste heat utilization system and control method thereof |
| CN117199625A (en) * | 2023-11-07 | 2023-12-08 | 深圳市昂佳科技有限公司 | Self-cooling lithium iron phosphate battery pack |
| CN117199625B (en) * | 2023-11-07 | 2024-02-02 | 深圳市昂佳科技有限公司 | Self-cooling lithium iron phosphate battery pack |
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