CN113160302A - Coral community analysis method and device - Google Patents
Coral community analysis method and device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a coral community analysis method and a coral community analysis device, wherein the method comprises the following steps: collecting a monitoring image in a target area; obtaining an orthophoto map according to the monitoring image; extracting a sample band with preset scales in the ortho-image map, calculating an actual buffer distance in the sample band, and calculating the buffer distance in the ortho-image map; performing region clipping on the orthophoto map according to the buffer distance to obtain a monitoring region, and calculating the actual region area of the monitoring region; hard corals are extracted from the monitored area, the actual area of the hard corals is calculated according to the number of the hard corals and the orthographic projection area of the hard corals in the monitored area, and the hard coral coverage of the target area is calculated according to the actual area of the hard corals and the actual area of the monitored area. According to the embodiment of the invention, the orthophoto map is obtained after the monitoring image is processed, and the two-dimensional hard coral coverage is obtained according to the orthophoto map, so that the analysis result of the hard coral has higher stability and area representativeness.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of marine resource investigation and research, in particular to a coral community analysis method and device.
Background
The coral reef ecosystem is one of three typical marine ecosystems, has high species diversity and huge biomass, is known as a "tropical rainforest" in the sea, and plays a significant role in human beings and the whole marine ecosystem. However, due to the fragile ecological structure of the system, high requirements on the quality of the living environment and high sensitivity to human activities, the coral reef ecological system around the world has been greatly threatened and seriously degraded in recent decades, and the main reasons include whitening and death caused by ecological disasters such as direct damage of human activities, climate warming and acantho echinacea outbreak, and particularly the coral reef ecological system in the offshore shallow water sea area suffers the highest degree of human activity damage. The investigation and mastering of the current situation and the change situation of the coral reef ecosystem are the basis of the work of scientific research, protective measure decision, ecological restoration and the like. The existing coral community analysis method is generally realized by a section line monitoring method, and specifically comprises the following steps: the coverage of hard coral on a section line is used for representing the coverage of hard coral in a monitored area, and a one-dimensional investigation result is used as an estimation value of a two-dimensional monitored area.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a coral community analysis method, which aims to solve the technical problem that the coral community analysis result is inaccurate because the coverage of hard corals in a monitoring area is represented by the coverage of hard corals on a section line in the conventional coral community analysis method.
The first embodiment of the present invention provides a coral community analysis method, including:
collecting a monitoring image in a target area;
preprocessing the monitoring image to obtain a preprocessed image, and performing aerial triangulation processing on the preprocessed image to obtain an orthophoto map;
extracting a sample band with preset scales in the orthophoto map, and calculating an average scale of the sample band;
calculating the buffer distance in the orthophoto map according to the average scale and the actual buffer distance in the sample band;
performing region cutting on the orthophoto map according to the buffer distance to obtain a monitoring region, and calculating the actual region area of the monitoring region according to the monitoring region and the scale;
hard corals are extracted from the monitored area, the actual area of the hard corals is calculated according to the number of the hard corals and the orthographic projection area of the hard corals in the monitored area, and the hard coral coverage of the target area is calculated according to the actual area of the hard corals and the actual area of the monitored area.
Further, the acquiring of the monitoring image in the target area specifically includes:
determining a section according to the water depth of a target area and the coastal topography, and arranging a section line sample belt on the section;
and shooting a plurality of monitoring images from one end of the sample belt to the other end of the sample belt in a vertical downward direction, wherein the adjacent two monitoring images meet the preset condition.
Further, the preprocessing is performed on the monitoring image to obtain a preprocessed image, and the aerial triangulation processing is performed on the preprocessed image to obtain an orthophoto map, which specifically comprises:
carrying out dodging, contrast adjustment and color tone adjustment on the monitoring image to obtain a preprocessed image;
and making initial position reference data of the preprocessed image, and carrying out aerial triangulation processing on the preprocessed image according to the initial position reference data to obtain an orthophoto map.
Further, the extracting a sample band with preset scales in the orthophoto map, and calculating an average scale of the sample band specifically include:
and extracting a plurality of reference line segments of the sample band with a preset length from the sample band with preset scales in the orthophoto map, and calculating to obtain the average scale of the sample band by counting all the reference line segments.
Further, the calculating the buffer distance in the orthophoto map according to the average scale and the actual buffer distance in the sample band specifically includes:
and taking the product of the average scale and the actual buffer distance as the buffer distance in the orthophoto map.
A second embodiment of the present invention provides a coral community analysis apparatus including:
the acquisition module is used for acquiring a monitoring image in a target area;
the processing module is used for preprocessing the monitoring image to obtain a preprocessed image and carrying out aerial triangulation processing on the preprocessed image to obtain an orthophoto map;
the first calculation module is used for extracting a sample band with preset scales in the orthophoto map and calculating an average scale of the sample band;
the second calculation module is used for calculating the buffer distance in the orthophoto map according to the average scale and the actual buffer distance in the sample belt;
the third calculation module is used for performing region cutting on the orthophoto map according to the buffer distance to obtain a monitoring region and calculating the actual region area of the monitoring region according to the monitoring region and the scale;
and the fourth calculation module is used for extracting hard corals from the monitored area, calculating the actual area of the hard corals according to the number of the hard corals and the orthographic projection area of the hard corals in the monitored area, and calculating the hard coral coverage of the target area according to the actual area of the hard corals and the actual area of the monitored area.
Further, the acquisition module is specifically configured to:
determining a section according to the water depth of a target area and the coastal topography, and arranging a section line sample belt on the section;
and shooting a plurality of monitoring images from one end of the sample belt to the other end of the sample belt in a vertical downward direction, wherein the adjacent two monitoring images meet the preset condition.
Further, the processing module is specifically configured to:
carrying out dodging, contrast adjustment and color tone adjustment on the monitoring image to obtain a preprocessed image;
and making initial position reference data of the preprocessed image, and carrying out aerial triangulation processing on the preprocessed image according to the initial position reference data to obtain an orthophoto map.
Further, the first calculating module is specifically configured to:
and extracting a plurality of reference line segments of the sample band with a preset length from the sample band with preset scales in the orthophoto map, and calculating to obtain the average scale of the sample band by counting all the reference line segments.
Further, the second calculating module is specifically configured to:
according to the embodiment of the invention, the orthophoto map is obtained after the monitoring image is preprocessed and subjected to aerial triangulation, and the two-dimensional hard coral coverage can be obtained according to the orthophoto map, so that the analysis result of the hard coral has more stability and area representativeness;
furthermore, the embodiment of the invention processes the monitoring image to obtain the orthophoto map, thereby realizing the accuracy of sub-millimeter level and further improving the accuracy and reliability of coral community analysis on the target sea area.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a coral community analysis method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is another schematic flow chart of a coral community analysis method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a coral community analysis apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "first", "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implying any number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present application, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.
In the description of the present application, it is to be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood in a specific case by those of ordinary skill in the art.
Referring to FIGS. 1-2, in a first embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a coral colony analysis method as shown in FIG. 1, comprising:
s1, collecting a monitoring image in the target area;
optionally, determining a section starting point and a section trend of the area to be monitored in the target area according to the water depth and the landform along the shore, wherein the section starting point and the section trend are generally in the equal-depth line direction parallel to the shore line; the survey personnel carries the survey tool to dive, lays the section line sample area according to section initial point and section trend, need to explain that, this section line sample area adopts the flexible rule of taking scale information to fix the flexible rule through seabed attachment, prevent its rocking, wherein sets up the length of section line sample area according to the monitoring demand, and in a specific implementation mode, this length is 10 m.
Continuously shooting a plurality of pictures from one end of the sample belt to the other end of the sample belt in a vertical downward direction to serve as monitoring images, wherein the overlapping degree of two adjacent monitoring images is more than 70 percent, the shooting height is 1m, and the shooting heights are kept consistent. Wherein the shooting height can be adjusted according to the size of the photosensitive element of the camera, the focal length of the lens and the monitoring requirement.
It should be noted that, two groups of photos parallel to the cross-section line sample belt are repeatedly taken at two sides of the cross-section line sample belt, and the overlapping degree between two adjacent groups of photos is ensured to be more than 60%, so as to increase the area of the region to be monitored. And after the acquisition of the monitoring image is finished, positioning the coordinates of the starting point and the end point of the cross section by utilizing the GNSS.
S2, preprocessing the monitoring image to obtain a preprocessed image, and performing aerial triangulation processing on the preprocessed image to obtain an orthophoto map;
optionally, the preprocessing includes, but is not limited to, dimming, contrast adjustment, and tone adjustment.
According to the embodiment of the invention, after the monitoring image is preprocessed, the preprocessed image is clearer, so that the accuracy of coral community analysis according to the monitoring image can be effectively improved. According to the embodiment of the invention, the preprocessed image is subjected to aerial triangulation to obtain an orthophoto map (DOM), so that the resolution of the orthophoto map reaches the sub-millimeter level, the definition of the image is further improved, and the accuracy of coral community analysis is further improved.
Optionally, in the embodiment of the present invention, initial position reference data (POS data) of all the monitored images are created, and the monitored images and the initial position reference data corresponding to the monitored images are introduced into live-action three-dimensional modeling professional software (software such as ContextCapture, Photoscan, or DJI Terra), so as to perform aerial triangulation processing, so as to generate an orthographic image of the target region.
S3, extracting sample bands with preset scales in the orthophoto map, and calculating an average scale of the sample bands;
illustratively, extracting a complete sample band with scales of 0m-10m in an orthophoto map, uniformly extracting reference line segments with clear scales on a software scale by taking 0.1m as an extraction unit, ensuring that at least one reference line segment is arranged per meter, and calculating an average scale by counting the distances Bi on the map of all the reference line segments:
s4, calculating the buffer distance in the orthophoto map according to the average scale and the actual buffer distance in the sample belt;
specifically, the extracted sample band is used for buffer area analysis, and the buffer distance of the orthophoto map is l:
and L is M × L, wherein L is the actual buffer distance, and L is determined according to the monitoring requirement.
S5, performing region clipping on the orthophoto map according to the buffer distance to obtain a monitoring region, and calculating the actual region area of the monitoring region according to the monitoring region and the scale;
according to the buffer distance of the orthophoto map, performing region clipping on the orthophoto map to obtain a monitoring region; and calculating the actual area of the monitoring area according to the monitoring area and the scale, specifically:
wherein a is the area of the monitoring region in the orthophoto map, and A is the area of the actual region.
S6, extracting hard corals from the monitored area, calculating the actual area of the hard corals according to the number of the hard corals and the orthographic projection area of the hard corals in the monitored area, and calculating the coverage of the hard corals in the target area according to the actual area of the hard corals and the actual area of the monitored area.
In the embodiment of the invention, the orthographic projection area is siThe actual area of hard coral is
The quantity and proportion of hard corals in different size intervals can be counted according to the actual area.
In the embodiment of the present invention, information such as corallidae, genus, or species may be identified based on the coral microstructure and the actual size.
Optionally, the hard coral coverage R in the embodiment of the present invention is:
As a specific implementation manner, the embodiment of the present invention may further repeat the above calculation of the hard coral coverage, calculate the hard coral coverage from the same water depth sample zone in the same survey site area, and take the average value as the hard coral coverage estimate of the water depth area at the survey site.
As a specific implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, the acquiring of the monitoring image in the target area specifically includes:
determining a section according to the water depth of the target area and the coastal topography, and arranging a section line sample belt on the section;
and shooting a plurality of monitoring images from one end of the sample belt to the other end of the sample belt in a vertical downward direction, wherein the adjacent two monitoring images meet the preset condition.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the section is determined according to the water depth and the coastal topography of the target area, and the section line sample is arranged on the section to collect the monitoring image, so that the collected monitoring image covers all information of the area to be monitored, the comprehensiveness of data can be ensured, and the reliability and the accuracy of hard coral analysis can be improved.
As a specific implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, the method includes preprocessing a monitoring image to obtain a preprocessed image, and performing aerial triangulation processing on the preprocessed image to obtain an orthophoto map, and specifically includes:
carrying out light evening, contrast adjustment and color tone adjustment on the monitored image to obtain a preprocessed image;
and making initial position reference data of the preprocessed image, and carrying out aerial triangulation processing on the preprocessed image according to the initial position reference data to obtain an orthophoto map.
In the embodiment of the invention, the orthophoto map is obtained after the monitoring image is preprocessed and subjected to aerial triangulation, and the two-dimensional hard coral coverage can be obtained according to the orthophoto map, so that the analysis result of the hard coral has higher stability and area representativeness.
Furthermore, the pixel resolution of the orthophoto map obtained by the embodiment of the invention can reach a sub-millimeter level and can truly reflect the actual size of the hard coral, and a more reliable basis is provided for the statistical analysis and the species identification of the hard coral, so that the accuracy and the reliability of coral community analysis can be further improved.
As a specific implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, a sample band with preset scales in an orthophoto map is extracted, and an average scale of the sample band is calculated, specifically:
and extracting a plurality of reference line segments of the sample band with a preset length according to the sample band with preset scales in the orthophoto map, and calculating to obtain an average scale of the sample band by counting all the reference line segments.
As a specific implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, the calculating the buffer distance in the orthophoto map according to the average scale and the actual buffer distance in the sample band specifically includes:
and taking the product of the average scale and the actual buffer distance as the buffer distance in the orthophoto map.
According to the embodiment of the invention, a large number of project indexes except the coverage of the hard coral can be obtained, including a plurality of investigation project indexes of coral reef ecological environment such as the types and the number of large benthic invertebrates, the supplement amount of the hard coral and the coverage of large benthic algae, and a large number of investigation indexes can be accurately and conveniently obtained, so that the comprehensiveness of coral community analysis can be improved.
Please refer to fig. 2, which is another flow chart of the coral community analysis method according to the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the embodiment of the invention, the orthophoto map is obtained after the monitoring image is preprocessed and subjected to aerial triangulation, and the two-dimensional hard coral coverage can be obtained according to the orthophoto map, so that the analysis result of the hard coral has more stability and area representativeness;
furthermore, the embodiment of the invention processes the monitoring image to obtain the orthophoto map, thereby realizing the accuracy of sub-millimeter level and further improving the accuracy and reliability of coral community analysis on the target sea area.
Referring to fig. 2, a second embodiment of the present invention provides a coral community analysis apparatus, including:
the acquisition module 10 is used for acquiring monitoring images in a target area;
optionally, determining a section starting point and a section trend of the area to be monitored in the target area according to the water depth and the landform along the shore, wherein the section starting point and the section trend are generally in the equal-depth line direction parallel to the shore line; the survey personnel carries the survey tool to dive, lays the section line sample area according to section initial point and section trend, need to explain that, this section line sample area adopts the flexible rule of taking scale information to fix the flexible rule through seabed attachment, prevent its rocking, wherein sets up the length of section line sample area according to the monitoring demand, and in a specific implementation mode, this length is 10 m.
Continuously shooting a plurality of pictures from one end of the sample belt to the other end of the sample belt in a vertical downward direction to serve as monitoring images, wherein the overlapping degree of two adjacent monitoring images is more than 70 percent, the shooting height is 1m, and the shooting heights are kept consistent. Wherein the shooting height can be adjusted according to the size of the photosensitive element of the camera, the focal length of the lens and the monitoring requirement.
It should be noted that, two groups of photos parallel to the cross-section line sample belt are repeatedly taken at two sides of the cross-section line sample belt, and the overlapping degree between two adjacent groups of photos is ensured to be more than 60%, so as to increase the area of the region to be monitored. And after the acquisition of the monitoring image is finished, positioning the coordinates of the starting point and the end point of the cross section by utilizing the GNSS.
The processing module 20 is used for preprocessing the monitoring image to obtain a preprocessed image, and performing aerial triangulation processing on the preprocessed image to obtain an orthophoto map;
optionally, the preprocessing includes, but is not limited to, dimming, contrast adjustment, and tone adjustment.
According to the embodiment of the invention, after the monitoring image is preprocessed, the preprocessed image is clearer, so that the accuracy of coral community analysis according to the monitoring image can be effectively improved. According to the embodiment of the invention, the preprocessed image is subjected to aerial triangulation to obtain an orthophoto map (DOM), so that the resolution of the orthophoto map reaches the sub-millimeter level, the definition of the image is further improved, and the accuracy of coral community analysis is further improved.
Optionally, in the embodiment of the present invention, initial position reference data (POS data) of all the monitored images are created, and the monitored images and the initial position reference data corresponding to the monitored images are introduced into live-action three-dimensional modeling professional software (software such as ContextCapture, Photoscan, or DJI Terra), so as to perform aerial triangulation processing, so as to generate an orthographic image of the target region.
The first calculation module 30 is used for extracting sample bands with preset scales in the orthophoto map and calculating an average scale of the sample bands;
illustratively, extracting a complete sample band with scales of 0m-10m in an orthophoto map, uniformly extracting reference line segments with clear scales on a software scale by taking 0.1m as an extraction unit, ensuring that at least one reference line segment is arranged per meter, and calculating an average scale by counting the distances Bi on the map of all the reference line segments:
the second calculating module 40 is used for calculating the buffer distance in the orthophoto map according to the average scale and the actual buffer distance in the sample band;
specifically, the extracted sample band is used for buffer area analysis, and the buffer distance of the orthophoto map is l:
and L is M × L, wherein L is the actual buffer distance, and L is determined according to the monitoring requirement.
The third calculating module 50 is configured to perform region clipping on the orthophoto map according to the buffer distance to obtain a monitoring region, and calculate an actual region area of the monitoring region according to the monitoring region and the scale;
according to the buffer distance of the orthophoto map, performing region clipping on the orthophoto map to obtain a monitoring region; and calculating the actual area of the monitoring area according to the monitoring area and the scale, specifically:
wherein a is the area of the monitoring region in the orthophoto map, and A is the area of the actual region.
And the fourth calculation module 60 is configured to extract hard corals from the monitored area, calculate actual areas of the hard corals according to the number of the hard corals and orthographic projection areas of the hard corals in the monitored area, and calculate hard coral coverage of the target area according to the actual areas of the hard corals and the actual area of the monitored area.
In the embodiment of the invention, the orthographic projection area is siThe actual area of hard coral is
The quantity and proportion of hard corals in different size intervals can be counted according to the actual area.
In the embodiment of the present invention, information such as corallidae, genus, or species may be identified based on the coral microstructure and the actual size.
Optionally, the hard coral coverage R in the embodiment of the present invention is:
As a specific implementation manner, the embodiment of the present invention may further repeat the above calculation of the hard coral coverage, calculate the hard coral coverage from the same water depth sample zone in the same survey site area, and take the average value as the hard coral coverage estimate of the water depth area at the survey site.
As a specific implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, the acquisition module 10 is specifically configured to:
determining a section according to the water depth of the target area and the coastal topography, and arranging a section line sample belt on the section;
and shooting a plurality of monitoring images from one end of the sample belt to the other end of the sample belt in a vertical downward direction, wherein the adjacent two monitoring images meet the preset condition.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the section is determined according to the water depth and the coastal topography of the target area, and the section line sample is arranged on the section to collect the monitoring image, so that the collected monitoring image covers all information of the area to be monitored, the comprehensiveness of data can be ensured, and the reliability and the accuracy of hard coral analysis can be improved.
As a specific implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, the processing module 20 is specifically configured to:
carrying out light evening, contrast adjustment and color tone adjustment on the monitored image to obtain a preprocessed image;
and making initial position reference data of the preprocessed image, and carrying out aerial triangulation processing on the preprocessed image according to the initial position reference data to obtain an orthophoto map.
In the embodiment of the invention, the orthophoto map is obtained after the monitoring image is preprocessed and subjected to aerial triangulation, and the two-dimensional hard coral coverage can be obtained according to the orthophoto map, so that the analysis result of the hard coral has higher stability and area representativeness.
Furthermore, the pixel resolution of the orthophoto map obtained by the embodiment of the invention can reach a sub-millimeter level and can truly reflect the actual size of the hard coral, and a more reliable basis is provided for the statistical analysis and the species identification of the hard coral, so that the accuracy and the reliability of coral community analysis can be further improved.
As a specific implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, the first calculating module 30 is specifically configured to:
and extracting a plurality of reference line segments of the sample band with a preset length according to the sample band with preset scales in the orthophoto map, and calculating to obtain an average scale of the sample band by counting all the reference line segments.
As a specific implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, the second calculating module 40 is specifically configured to:
and taking the product of the average scale and the actual buffer distance as the buffer distance in the orthophoto map.
The embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the embodiment of the invention, a large number of project indexes except the coverage of the hard coral can be obtained, including a plurality of investigation project indexes of coral reef ecological environment such as the types and the number of large benthic invertebrates, the supplement amount of the hard coral and the coverage of large benthic algae, and a large number of investigation indexes can be accurately and conveniently obtained, so that the comprehensiveness of coral community analysis can be improved.
The embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the embodiment of the invention, the orthophoto map is obtained after the monitoring image is preprocessed and subjected to aerial triangulation, and the two-dimensional hard coral coverage can be obtained according to the orthophoto map, so that the analysis result of the hard coral has more stability and area representativeness;
furthermore, the embodiment of the invention processes the monitoring image to obtain the orthophoto map, thereby realizing the accuracy of sub-millimeter level and further improving the accuracy and reliability of coral community analysis on the target sea area.
The third embodiment of the invention analyzes a certain coral reef sea area, the water depth of a monitoring area of the sea area is 10m, the terrain is flat and changes little, the type of the substrate is mainly reef, and the coral is uniformly distributed.
The investigation tool adopted by the embodiment of the invention comprises: the device comprises a handheld depth finder, a handheld GNSS recorder, two end point marking devices, a 50m soft leather measuring tape and an underwater camera. The end point marking device is a directional connection device of the seabed and the water surface, the starting point and the end point of the sample belt are respectively provided, the water surface part is a floating ball, the seabed part is a lead block, and the floating ball part and the lead ball part are connected together through a rope; the main parameters of the underwater camera comprise: the light-sensitive element CMOS is 23.7mm multiplied by 15.6mm, the pixel size is 6000 multiplied by 4000, and the focal length is 15mm for shooting.
In the embodiment of the invention, 3 sample belts of 10m are arranged, each sample belt shoots three groups of parallel continuous photo groups, the shooting height is kept about 1m away from the seabed, and the actual seabed projection range covered by the single photo imaging can be obtained to be about 1.58m multiplied by 1.04m according to the basic similarity principle of imaging.
The field collection specific implementation process comprises the following steps:
1) on the water surface, detecting the water depth by using a handheld depth finder, determining the approximate position of the starting point of the section line and the approximate azimuth angle of the layout (approximately parallel to the bank) and throwing a lower endpoint marking device;
2) an investigator carries the end point marking device, the soft leather measuring tape and the underwater camera to dive along the starting point marking device, and patrols the surrounding environment to the sea bottom, and can adjust and move the end point marking device according to the requirement;
3) arranging a flexible rule along a preset azimuth angle of a section line from the end point marking device, wherein the length of the flexible rule is 10m, fixing the flexible rule and placing the end point marking device;
4) uniformly shooting along the sample belts, shooting 3 parallel flight belts by each sample belt, controlling the adjacent shooting distance of the course to be about 0.2m, and controlling the shooting distance of the side adjacent photo group to be about 0.4 m;
5) after shooting is finished, the flexible rule is recovered and floats to the water surface, and the geographical coordinates of the starting point and the ending point are recorded by utilizing the handheld GNSS;
6) and repeating 1) -5) to finish the investigation work of other two sample belts.
The data collected are shown in table 1 below:
table 1: data collection table
Wherein,
the specific process of the interior industry treatment comprises the following steps:
1) checking the photos one by one, and carrying out pretreatment such as light homogenizing on the individual photos;
2) making POS data, and assuming that the heights of all photo shooting positions of the No. 1 sample belt are 1, namely the Z coordinate is 1; taking the direction of the middle flight band as a Y axis, the X coordinates of all the photos of the middle flight band are 0, and the X coordinates of the photos of the flight bands at the two sides are-0.4 and 0.4 respectively; the distance between the photographs on the Y axis is
The Y-coordinate of the photo on the flight band is sequentially
Where i is the order of the photos;
3) importing the photo of the sample belt No. 1 and the POS data manufactured in the step 2) into a real-scene three-dimensional modeling professional software PhotoSacan, submitting aerial triangulation processing, and generating a normal image map (DOM) of the sample belt No. 1;
4) repeating 1) -3) to generate DOM of No. 2 and No. 3 sample bands;
5) importing the DOM into ArcGIS software, extracting information of a sample band and a reference line segment, and calculating a corresponding scale as shown in the following table;
6) selecting the actual buffer distance L as 0.5m (0.5 m on each side of the sample belt), and obtaining the buffer distance L on the graph according to the scale obtained in step 5), as shown in the following table;
7) performing buffer area analysis by using the on-graph buffer distance l in the step 6), and performing area cutting on the DOM by using the buffer area range to obtain a monitoring area DOM of 3 sample belts for quantitatively counting coral coverage, wherein the area of the monitoring area DOM is shown in the table 2;
table 2: sample tape data table
8) Respectively extracting the hard coral (two-dimensional) information of all hard corals and hard coral (one-dimensional) information of the gland under the flexible rule in the area, comparing the results of the two-dimensional sample belt method and the traditional section line monitoring method, and statistically analyzing the results as shown in the following table, wherein the relative average deviation calculation formula of the coverage of the hard corals is shown in the specification
Wherein
The average value of coverage of hard coral of three sample belts in the same method is shown.
Table 3: analysis result comparison table
9) The comparison of the results of the statistical analysis of the two methods in table 3 can be found as follows:
a) the number of hard corals participating in statistics in the same sample band is 10-20 times that of the hard corals participating in statistics in the embodiment of the invention, so that more samples participating in statistics can reflect the actual distribution condition of the hard corals in the area;
b) the coverage of hard coral of the same sample belt is greater than that of the embodiment of the invention by a section line monitoring method;
c) the relative average deviation of the coverage of the hard coral is obviously lower than that of a section line monitoring method, so that the investigation result of the embodiment of the invention is more stable and can represent a substrate environment with flat terrain and uniform coral distribution in an investigation area.
While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A coral community analysis method, comprising:
collecting a monitoring image in a target area;
preprocessing the monitoring image to obtain a preprocessed image, and performing aerial triangulation processing on the preprocessed image to obtain an orthophoto map;
extracting a sample band with preset scales in the orthophoto map, and calculating an average scale of the sample band;
calculating the buffer distance in the orthophoto map according to the average scale and the actual buffer distance in the sample band;
performing region cutting on the orthophoto map according to the buffer distance to obtain a monitoring region, and calculating the actual region area of the monitoring region according to the monitoring region and the scale;
hard corals are extracted from the monitored area, the actual area of the hard corals is calculated according to the number of the hard corals and the orthographic projection area of the hard corals in the monitored area, and the hard coral coverage of the target area is calculated according to the actual area of the hard corals and the actual area of the monitored area.
2. The coral community analysis method of claim 1, wherein said collecting of monitored images within a target area is specifically:
determining a section according to the water depth of a target area and the coastal topography, and arranging a section line sample belt on the section;
and shooting a plurality of monitoring images from one end of the sample belt to the other end of the sample belt in a vertical downward direction, wherein the adjacent two monitoring images meet the preset condition.
3. The coral community analysis method of claim 1, wherein said preprocessing said monitored images to obtain preprocessed images, and said preprocessing images to be processed by aerial triangulation to obtain orthophotographs, specifically:
carrying out dodging, contrast adjustment and color tone adjustment on the monitoring image to obtain a preprocessed image;
and making initial position reference data of the preprocessed image, and carrying out aerial triangulation processing on the preprocessed image according to the initial position reference data to obtain an orthophoto map.
4. The coral community analysis method of claim 1, wherein said extracting sample bands of preset scales in said orthophoto map and calculating an average scale of said sample bands specifically comprises:
and extracting a plurality of reference line segments of the sample band with a preset length from the sample band with preset scales in the orthophoto map, and calculating to obtain the average scale of the sample band by counting all the reference line segments.
5. The coral community analysis method of claim 1, wherein the calculating of the buffer distance in the orthophoto map based on the average scale and the actual buffer distance in the sample band specifically comprises:
and taking the product of the average scale and the actual buffer distance as the buffer distance in the orthophoto map.
6. A coral community analysis apparatus comprising:
the acquisition module is used for acquiring a monitoring image in a target area;
the processing module is used for preprocessing the monitoring image to obtain a preprocessed image and carrying out aerial triangulation processing on the preprocessed image to obtain an orthophoto map;
the first calculation module is used for extracting a sample band with preset scales in the orthophoto map and calculating an average scale of the sample band;
the second calculation module is used for calculating the buffer distance in the orthophoto map according to the average scale and the actual buffer distance in the sample belt;
the third calculation module is used for performing region cutting on the orthophoto map according to the buffer distance to obtain a monitoring region and calculating the actual region area of the monitoring region according to the monitoring region and the scale;
and the fourth calculation module is used for extracting hard corals from the monitored area, calculating the actual area of the hard corals according to the number of the hard corals and the orthographic projection area of the hard corals in the monitored area, and calculating the hard coral coverage of the target area according to the actual area of the hard corals and the actual area of the monitored area.
7. The coral community analysis device of claim 6, wherein the collection module is specifically configured to:
determining a section according to the water depth of a target area and the coastal topography, and arranging a section line sample belt on the section;
and shooting a plurality of monitoring images from one end of the sample belt to the other end of the sample belt in a vertical downward direction, wherein the adjacent two monitoring images meet the preset condition.
8. The coral community analysis device of claim 6, wherein the processing module is specifically configured to:
carrying out dodging, contrast adjustment and color tone adjustment on the monitoring image to obtain a preprocessed image;
and making initial position reference data of the preprocessed image, and carrying out aerial triangulation processing on the preprocessed image according to the initial position reference data to obtain an orthophoto map.
9. The coral community analysis device of claim 6, wherein the first calculation module is specifically configured to:
and extracting a plurality of reference line segments of the sample band with a preset length from the sample band with preset scales in the orthophoto map, and calculating to obtain the average scale of the sample band by counting all the reference line segments.
10. The coral community analysis device of claim 6, wherein the second calculation module is specifically configured to:
and taking the product of the average scale and the actual buffer distance as the buffer distance in the orthophoto map.
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