CN113158594B - Oil displacement efficiency analysis method based on cast sheet microcosmic displacement simulation - Google Patents
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Abstract
An oil displacement efficiency analysis method based on cast body slice micro displacement simulation comprises the following steps: converting the obtained target reservoir core casting body slice from a standard image into a gray image; segmenting the gray level image of the cast body slice, and extracting a rock core framework; extracting a core pore boundary by using an eight-neighborhood edge tracking algorithm; carrying out pore displacement flow simulation by using a lattice Boltzmann method pseudo-potential model; determining fluid parameters by referring to the oil-water density and the viscosity; the inflow end adopts a speed boundary, the outflow end adopts a free boundary, and the inner boundary of the pore adopts a mirror surface rebound boundary; setting an initial state that the oil phase is full of pores and an initial condition that the water phase flows in from the inflow end at a specific speed; combining with the expected value of the displacement multiple, executing iterative operation and outputting an oil-water phase distribution result; counting the oil phase area by using a threshold segmentation algorithm, calculating a relation curve of displacement multiple and displacement efficiency, and completing the analysis of the microscopic displacement simulation displacement efficiency of the cast slice; the requirement of the research on the residual oil in the core pore space is met, and the research on the oil reservoir recovery efficiency is guided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of oil field exploration and development, and particularly relates to an oil displacement efficiency analysis method based on cast sheet micro displacement simulation.
Background
The reservoir core is used as the most basic data of an oil field and has an irreplaceable position in the field of oil and gas exploration and development. The traditional core experiment is limited by less stratum coring, long experiment time consumption, unrepeatability and the like, and rock pore displacement analysis is difficult to develop layer by layer. The numerical simulation analysis technology has the advantages of low cost, short time consumption, repeatability and the like, and has wide application prospect.
Numerical simulation analysis is typically targeted at digital cores. For most of produced oil fields, the digital core samples are few, the original reservoir conditions are difficult to reflect by new drilling sampling, and the core casting body has more thin slice data and can cover most of reservoirs. However, the cast body slice at the present stage is mainly used for qualitative observation and analysis of a core framework and pores; some laboratories can realize equal proportion etching glass displacement experiments based on casting body slices, but the method has high preparation cost, large measurement error, long experimental period and difficult large-scale application. Therefore, improvements are needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an oil displacement efficiency analysis method based on cast sheet micro displacement simulation, so as to solve the technical problem of core pore residual oil research.
In order to achieve the purpose, the specific technical scheme of the oil displacement efficiency analysis method based on the microscopic displacement simulation of the cast body slice is as follows:
an oil displacement efficiency analysis method based on cast body slice micro displacement simulation comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: obtaining a core casting body slice of a target reservoir, and converting the casting body slice from a standard image into a gray image by using a red-green-blue component weighted average method;
the second step: based on the gray level image of the casting body slice, performing image segmentation by using a threshold segmentation method, and extracting a rock core framework; extracting a rock core pore boundary by using an eight-neighborhood edge tracking algorithm;
the third step: selecting a pseudo potential model of a lattice Boltzmann method, and carrying out pore displacement flow simulation; determining fluid parameters by referring to the density and viscosity of oil and water; the inflow end adopts a speed boundary, the outflow end adopts a free boundary, and the inner boundary of the pore adopts a mirror surface rebound boundary;
the fourth step: setting an initial state that an oil phase is full of pores and an initial condition that a water phase flows in from an inflow end at a specific speed based on a pore displacement flow model; setting iteration steps by combining with the expected value of the displacement multiple, executing iteration operation and outputting an oil-water phase distribution result;
the fifth step: based on the oil-water phase distribution results of different iteration steps, a threshold segmentation algorithm is adopted to count the area of the oil phase, the inflow speed and the iteration steps are combined, a relation curve of the displacement multiple and the oil displacement efficiency is calculated, and oil displacement efficiency analysis of the cast body slice micro-displacement simulation is completed.
In the oil displacement efficiency analysis method based on the microscopic displacement simulation of the cast body slice, wherein,
the first step is as follows: the core cast body slice is a core sample based on a target reservoir, and a standard image which is obtained by adopting an image analysis system and accords with a preset resolution ratio is obtained; the red, green and blue component weighted average method is a digital image processing algorithm and is realized by MATLAB software;
the second step is as follows: the threshold segmentation method and the eight-neighborhood edge tracking algorithm are two digital image processing algorithms and are realized by MATLAB software;
the third step is: the lattice boltzmann method is a computational fluid mechanics method based on mesoscopic simulation scale, and is realized by C + + programming; the pseudo potential model is a calculation model which is applicable to multi-phase flow in a lattice Boltzmann method; the speed boundary, the free boundary and the mirror surface rebound boundary are boundary conditions commonly used in the lattice Boltzmann method;
the fourth step is as follows: in the initial condition, the water phase inflow speed is set by referring to the oil extraction speed of an oil well, and the corresponding water phase inflow speed v is Q/A on the assumption that the area A of a perforation section of the oil well and the average liquid production amount Q are provided; iterative walkingSetting a plurality of reference displacement times expected value, and assuming that the expected displacement times are K max Analysis of the change of oil displacement efficiency, total pore area S c Corresponding to the number of iteration steps i max ＝K max ·S c V,/v; the oil-water phase distribution result refers to a field diagram of the concentration values of the water phase and the oil phase corresponding to different iteration steps;
the fifth step is as follows: the threshold segmentation algorithm adopts the existing digital image processing algorithm, the selection of the oil phase distribution gray level image threshold is carried out, and the threshold segmentation algorithm is determined by referring to the test result of the reservoir residual oil saturation experiment; counting the oil phase area, namely counting the total pixel count area on the basis of threshold segmentation;
drawing a relation curve of displacement multiple and oil displacement efficiency, comprising the following steps: statistical pore model total pore area S c Length of inflow end L, inflow velocity of aqueous phase v, initial state oil phase area S o0 (ii) a When the statistical iteration step number is i, the oil phase area S oi The water phase displacement multiple k is L.v.i/S c Calculating corresponding oil displacement efficiency E ═ 1-S oi /S o0 ) X is 100%; and (4) counting the displacement multiple and the oil displacement efficiency of the whole iterative process, namely drawing a curve of the change rule of the oil displacement efficiency.
The oil displacement efficiency analysis method based on the microscopic displacement simulation of the cast sheet has the beneficial effects that: extracting a core pore boundary by using a threshold segmentation method, and modeling a pore network; carrying out pore two-phase displacement simulation by using a pseudo potential model of a lattice Boltzmann method; and (3) counting the oil phase distribution area by using a threshold segmentation algorithm, calculating the corresponding oil displacement efficiency, and realizing microscopic displacement simulation and quantitative analysis of the oil displacement efficiency. And guiding the reservoir stratum to improve the recovery rate research based on the knowledge of the oil displacement efficiency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an oil displacement efficiency analysis method based on cast sheet micro displacement simulation.
FIG. 2 is a slice gray scale diagram of a target reservoir core casting according to the present disclosure.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a core skeleton after image segmentation according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a diagram of the boundaries of the thin slice pores of a core casing of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the displacement initial state and inflow/outflow of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of oil-water distribution during pore displacement according to the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a graph of the change of core pore displacement efficiency with displacement times in a displacement efficiency analysis method based on cast body sheet micro displacement simulation.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the purpose, structure and function of the present invention, the following describes a method for analyzing oil displacement efficiency based on the microscopic displacement simulation of cast body thin slices in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the method for analyzing oil displacement efficiency based on the microscopic displacement simulation of the cast body slice comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: obtaining a core casting body slice of a target reservoir, and converting the casting body slice from a standard image into a gray image by using a red-green-blue component weighted average method;
the second step is that: based on the gray level image of the casting body slice, performing image segmentation by using a threshold segmentation method, and extracting a rock core framework; extracting a rock core pore boundary by using an eight-neighborhood edge tracking algorithm;
the third step: selecting a pseudo potential model of a lattice Boltzmann method, and carrying out pore displacement flow simulation; determining fluid parameters by referring to the density and viscosity of oil and water; the inflow end adopts a speed boundary, the outflow end adopts a free boundary, and the inner boundary of the pore adopts a mirror surface rebound boundary;
the fourth step: setting an initial state that an oil phase is full of pores and an initial condition that a water phase flows in from an inflow end at a specific speed based on a pore displacement flow model; setting iteration steps by combining with the expected value of the displacement multiple, executing iteration operation and outputting an oil-water phase distribution result;
the fifth step: based on the oil-water phase distribution results of different iteration steps, a threshold segmentation algorithm is adopted to count the area of the oil phase, the inflow speed and the iteration steps are combined, a relation curve of the displacement multiple and the oil displacement efficiency is calculated, and oil displacement efficiency analysis of the cast body slice micro-displacement simulation is completed.
The invention relates to an oil displacement efficiency analysis method based on cast body slice micro displacement simulation, wherein,
the first step is: the core cast body slice is a core sample based on a target reservoir, and a standard image which is obtained by adopting an image analysis system and accords with a preset resolution ratio is obtained; the red, green and blue component weighted average method is a digital image processing algorithm and is realized by MATLAB software;
the second step is as follows: the threshold segmentation method and the eight-neighborhood edge tracking algorithm are two digital image processing algorithms and are realized by MATLAB software;
the third step: the lattice boltzmann method is a computational fluid mechanics method based on mesoscopic simulation scale, and is realized by C + + programming; the pseudo potential model is a calculation model which is applicable to multi-phase flow in a lattice boltzmann method; the velocity boundary, the free boundary, and the mirror bounce boundary are boundary conditions commonly used in the lattice boltzmann method;
the fourth step is as follows: in the initial condition, the water phase inflow speed is set by referring to the oil extraction speed of an oil well, and the corresponding water phase inflow speed v is Q/A on the assumption that the area A of a perforation section of the oil well and the average liquid production amount Q are provided; setting iteration step number by referring to expected displacement multiple value, and assuming that the expected displacement multiple is K max Analysis of the change of oil displacement efficiency, total pore area S c Corresponding to the number of iteration steps i max ＝K max ·S c V,/v; the oil-water phase distribution result refers to a field diagram of the concentration values of the water phase and the oil phase corresponding to different iteration steps;
the fifth step: the threshold segmentation algorithm adopts the existing digital image processing algorithm, the selection of the oil phase distribution gray level image threshold is determined by referring to the test result of the reservoir residual oil saturation experiment; counting the oil phase area, namely counting the total pixel count area on the basis of threshold segmentation;
drawing a relation curve of displacement multiple and oil displacement efficiency, comprising the following steps: statistical pore model total pore area S c Length of inflow end L, inflow velocity of aqueous phase v, initial state oil phase area S o0 (ii) a When the statistical iteration step number is i, the oil phase area S oi The water phase displacement multiple k is L.v.i/S c Calculating corresponding oil displacement efficiency E ═ 1-S oi /S o0 ) X is 100%; and (4) counting the displacement multiple and the oil displacement efficiency of the whole iterative process, namely drawing a curve of the change rule of the oil displacement efficiency.
Example (b):
the first step is as follows: obtaining a core casting body slice of a target reservoir, and converting the casting body slice from a standard image into a gray image by using a red-green-blue component weighted average method;
obtaining a core casting body slice of a target reservoir as a standard image, and converting the standard image into a gray image by a red-green-blue component weighted average method, wherein the specific method comprises the following steps:
1) reading the image to obtain three primary color component values R, G, B;
2) selecting an R component weight of 0.299, a G component weight of 0.587 and a B component weight of 0.114;
3) the weighted mean gray value was 0.299 × R +0.587 × G +0.114 × B.
The second step is that: based on the casting body slice gray level image, performing image segmentation by using a threshold segmentation method, and extracting a core framework; extracting a rock core pore boundary by using an eight-neighborhood edge tracking algorithm;
as shown in fig. 2, the core skeleton is more prominent (granular, light-colored or nearly black) in the cast body slice gray level image; extracting a skeleton part by using a threshold segmentation method to obtain a skeleton diagram shown in fig. 3, wherein the diagram is a casting body slice binary image, white represents rock pores, and gray represents a rock skeleton; an eight-neighborhood tracking algorithm is selected to extract the skeleton edge (pore boundary) to obtain a pore boundary diagram as shown in fig. 4, wherein the graph shows the pore and skeleton boundary represented by a curve with irregular geometry.
The third step: selecting a pseudo potential model of a lattice Boltzmann method, and carrying out pore displacement flow simulation; determining fluid parameters by referring to the density and viscosity of oil and water; the inflow end adopts a speed boundary, the outflow end adopts a free boundary, and the inner boundary of the pore adopts a mirror surface rebound boundary;
a lattice Boltzmann method is selected, and a pore displacement flow model is set, and the specific process is as follows:
1) selecting a two-dimensional nine-direction discrete velocity model and corresponding equilibrium state distribution functions and evolution equations;
2) determining the collision frequency of the fluid mesoscopic lattices according to the macroscopic physical size and the mesoscopic lattice size of the core slice and by combining the macroscopic physical viscosity and the physical density of the fluid;
in order to more truly represent the complex geometric boundary, the pore boundary is extracted as a flow boundary, and the specific process is as follows:
1) reading a skeleton diagram of the casting body sheet, marking a pore space with 0, a skeleton space with 2 and a rock boundary with 1;
2) setting the area marked 0 as a fluid flow area, the area marked 1 as a mirror bounce boundary, and the area marked 2 as a no fluid flow area;
3) for the slice outer boundary, the inflow end was set as the velocity boundary, the outflow end as the free boundary, and the rest as the mirror bounce boundary.
The fourth step: setting initial conditions based on a pore displacement flow model, wherein an oil phase is filled in pores, and a water phase flows in from an inflow end at a specific speed; setting iteration steps, executing operation, and outputting an oil-water phase distribution result in combination with an iteration process;
as shown in fig. 5, for the initial state of the pore displacement flow model, white areas represent the rock skeleton, and black areas represent the oil phase distribution; in the iterative process, the water phase continuously flows in from the inflow end, and the displacement oil phase flows out from the outflow end;
as shown in fig. 6, the oil-water two-phase distribution diagram after displacement is shown, wherein black areas represent oil phase distribution, black line areas represent water phase distribution, and white areas represent core skeleton.
The fifth step: based on the oil-water phase distribution results of different iteration steps, a threshold segmentation algorithm is adopted to count the oil-phase area, the inflow speed and the iteration steps are combined, a relation curve of the displacement multiple and the oil displacement efficiency is calculated, and oil displacement efficiency analysis of the microscopic displacement simulation of the cast slice is completed.
As shown in fig. 7, the abscissa represents the displacement multiple of the target slice water flooding simulation, and the ordinate represents the flooding efficiency under the condition of the corresponding displacement multiple. The graphical result shows that the oil displacement efficiency is in a nonlinear increasing trend along with the increase of the displacement times under the influence of the heterogeneity of the rock core.
The content that is not described in the embodiments of the present invention is the prior art, and therefore, the description thereof is omitted.
The oil displacement efficiency analysis method based on the microscopic displacement simulation of the cast body slice has the advantages that: compared with the traditional experimental analysis method, the method has the advantages of low cost, short time consumption, repeatability and the like, and can realize the quantitative characterization of microscopic residual oil. The invention relates to a method for realizing two-phase flow displacement analysis in a pore space of a reservoir by taking a casting body slice as an object and adopting a numerical simulation method. And calculating a mining degree formula in a theoretical formula method (5.3.2.2 in the industry standard SY/T5367-2010), wherein the mining degree is equal to the product of an area sweep coefficient, a thickness sweep coefficient and an oil displacement efficiency numerical value. In the solving process of the oil displacement efficiency, the theoretical formula is difficult to reflect the influence of reservoir heterogeneity, and the experimental result of the water displacement is difficult to accurately reflect the oil displacement efficiency under different displacement multiples. The oil displacement efficiency curve drawn by the method can accurately reflect the corresponding oil displacement efficiency aiming at different displacement multiples, so that the accuracy of calculating the extraction degree is improved, and the recovery efficiency research is guided.
It is to be understood that the present invention has been described with reference to certain embodiments, and that various changes in the features and embodiments, or equivalent substitutions may be made therein by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the invention without departing from the essential scope thereof. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiment disclosed, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (2)
1. An oil displacement efficiency analysis method based on cast body slice micro displacement simulation is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the first step is as follows: obtaining a core casting body slice of a target reservoir, and converting the casting body slice from a standard image into a gray image by using a red-green-blue component weighted average method;
the second step: based on the gray level image of the casting body slice, performing image segmentation by using a threshold segmentation method, and extracting a rock core framework; extracting a rock core pore boundary by using an eight-neighborhood edge tracking algorithm;
the third step: selecting a pseudo potential model of a lattice Boltzmann method, and carrying out pore displacement flow simulation; determining fluid parameters by referring to the density and viscosity of oil and water; the inflow end adopts a speed boundary, the outflow end adopts a free boundary, and the inner boundary of the pore adopts a mirror surface rebound boundary;
the fourth step: setting an initial state that an oil phase is full of pores and an initial condition that a water phase flows in from an inflow end at a specific speed based on a pore displacement flow model; setting iteration steps by combining with the expected value of the displacement multiple, executing iterative operation and outputting an oil-water phase distribution result;
the fifth step: based on the oil-water phase distribution results of different iteration steps, a threshold segmentation algorithm is adopted to count the area of the oil phase, the inflow speed and the iteration steps are combined, a relation curve of the displacement multiple and the oil displacement efficiency is calculated, and oil displacement efficiency analysis of the cast body slice micro-displacement simulation is completed.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of analyzing the oil displacement efficiency based on the microscopic displacement simulation of the cast body slice comprises the step of,
the first step is as follows: the core cast body slice is a core sample based on a target reservoir, and a standard image which is obtained by adopting an image analysis system and accords with a preset resolution ratio is obtained; the red, green and blue component weighted average method is a digital image processing algorithm and is realized by MATLAB software;
the second step is as follows: the threshold segmentation method and the eight-neighborhood edge tracking algorithm are two digital image processing algorithms and are realized by MATLAB software;
the third step is as follows: the lattice Boltzmann method is a computational fluid mechanics method based on mesoscopic simulation scale, and is realized through C + + programming; the pseudo potential model is a calculation model which is applicable to multi-phase flow in a lattice Boltzmann method; the velocity boundary, the free boundary, and the mirror bounce boundary are boundary conditions commonly used in the lattice boltzmann method;
the fourth step is that: in the initial condition, the water phase inflow speed is set by referring to the oil extraction speed of an oil well, and the corresponding water phase inflow speed v is equal to Q/A on the assumption that the area A of a perforation section of the oil well and the average liquid production quantity Q are provided; setting iteration step number by referring to expected displacement multiple value, and assuming that the expected displacement multiple is K max Analysis of the change of oil displacement efficiency, total pore area S c Corresponding to the number of iteration steps i max ＝K max ·S c V,/v; the oil-water phase distribution result refers to a field diagram of the concentration values of the water phase and the oil phase corresponding to different iteration steps;
the fifth step is as follows: the threshold segmentation algorithm adopts the existing digital image processing algorithm, the selection of the oil phase distribution gray level image threshold is determined by referring to the test result of the reservoir residual oil saturation experiment; counting the oil phase area, namely counting the total number of pixels on the basis of threshold segmentation to calculate the area;
drawing a relation curve of displacement multiple and oil displacement efficiency, comprising the following steps: statistical pore model total pore area S c Length of inflow end L, inflow velocity of aqueous phase v, initial state oil phase area S o0 (ii) a When the statistical iteration step number is i, the oil phase area S oi The water phase displacement multiple k is L.v.i/S c Calculating corresponding oil displacement efficiency E ═ 1-S oi /S o0 ) X is 100%; and (4) counting the displacement multiple and the oil displacement efficiency of the whole iterative process, namely drawing a curve of the change rule of the oil displacement efficiency.
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