CN113157693B - 一种面向数字货币的区块链存储优化方案 - Google Patents

一种面向数字货币的区块链存储优化方案 Download PDF

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CN113157693B
CN113157693B CN202110299369.7A CN202110299369A CN113157693B CN 113157693 B CN113157693 B CN 113157693B CN 202110299369 A CN202110299369 A CN 202110299369A CN 113157693 B CN113157693 B CN 113157693B
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卿欣艺
陈玉玲
周正强
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Abstract

针对比特币系统中轻量级节点只存储区块头数据,验证交易数据依赖于全节点而导致全节点带宽压力过大以及系统的安全性降低等问题。本文提出一种面向数字货币的区块链存储优化分案。方案通过分析区块的安全性,总结单位高安全性区块生成摘要块,原区块数据上传至IPFS系统,摘要块存储相应的哈希值来保证节点能进行数据溯源。同时总结高安全性区块的中的UTXO集,使节点在存储少量数据的情况下依旧能够进行交易验证和参与共识。经实验数据表明方案在存储消耗方面大大减少,其他性能也没有显著下降。

Description

一种面向数字货币的区块链存储优化方案
技术领域:
本发明属于信息安全技术领域,涉及区块链存储扩展技术。
背景技术:
区块链中,为了到达最高的信任度和安全性,节点都需存储完整的分布式账本。对于节点而言,即使并没有参与交易,也必须存储该笔交易数据,这将导致节点随着时间推移,需要的存储空间不断增大。以比特币为例:截至2020年7月,比特币一共产生了639 487个区块,平均区块大小为1.28MB,整个区块链大小约为287.9GB,链上认证的地址数量将近3000万个。为了达到数据一致性,节点存储全部区块链数据,那么整个区块链系统需要使用9000PB的空间来存储300GB的有效数据。并且随着区块的数量以及节点数量不断的增多,这将对加入区块链系统的节点提出更高的存储要求。
发明内容:
本发明的目的是提供一种新的面向数字货币的区块链存储优化方案,减少区块链系统中节点的存储压力并降低区块链的加入门槛。在保证区块数据安全的前提下,从压缩的角度将区块数据存入星际文件系统,节点只存储星际文件系统中的索引关键字。本发明采用如下技术方案:
步骤一:区块的安全性分析。从攻击者获取下一个区块的可能性进行分析,得出在诚实者领先多少个区块时,区块中的数据是无法被篡改的,将区块链分为高安全性区块和低安全性区块。
步骤二:摘要块生成。将高安全性区块以及UTXO集上传至星际文件系统传获取相应的哈希值,将区块的哈希值存入区块体,UTXO集的哈希值存入区块头,并计算相应的随机数来生成摘要块,并广播。
步骤三:摘要块验证。其他节点收到摘要块后,对摘要块中的区块的哈希值以及UTXO集的哈希值进行验证,若没有发现数据篡改,存储该摘要块,并将相应的原始链中的区块数据丢弃。若发现数据篡改,即将摘要块丢弃。
为了证明该发明的有效性,将本发明方案与原始区块链在存储消耗上进行对比,并使用不同n(区块包含的交易数量)和L(区块数量)来生成摘要块,以此对方案的存储消耗以及数据压缩率上进行分析。实验结构表明,本文方案具有能够减少节点存储消耗的效果,并且随着L、n的值越大,数据压缩效果越好。
附图说明
图1对比了发明方案和原始区块链的存储消耗情况。
图2对比了区块数据和摘要块的存储消耗情况。
图3展示了使用不同L和n生成摘要块,其数据数据压缩率情况。
具体实施方式:
一种面向数字货币的区块链存储优化分案,其具体步骤如下:
步骤一:分析区块数据的安全性。在POW中,假设攻击获得下一个区块记账权的概率为p2,诚实者获得下一个区块记账权的概率为p1,h为诚实节点领先区块数,攻击者潜在进展符合泊松分布,分布期望为:λ=h×(p2/p1)。攻击者成功篡改区块的概率Pa为:
Figure GDA0004066808720000021
得出在诚实者领先h个区块数据时,攻击者成功篡改区块的概率Pa为10-50(不可能事件),将区块链分为安全性区块和不安全区块。
步骤二:将安全性区块进行压缩处理。将间隔为L的高安全性区块上传至IPFS(星际文件系统)获取相应的哈希值,为摘要块的生成做准备。
步骤三:获取被上传的高安全性区块包含的UTXO-SET。遍历上传的高安全区块,得出相应UTXO-SET。若不存在摘要块,那该UTXO-SET就为个用户账户余额,若已存在摘要块,与前一摘要块所包含的UTXO-SET结合,得出新的UTXO-SET。
步骤四:生成摘要块。将得出最新的UTXO-SET上传至IPFS,并将该哈希值存入区块头。随后,将之前高安全性区块返回的哈希值存入区块体内,并两两哈希生成相应的Merkle根存入区块头,
步骤五:数据区块存储。节点存储相应的摘要块以及没有被上传至IPFS的区块数据。
实验步骤如下:
步骤1:将攻击者获得下一个区块记账权的概率p2设为0.1,诚实者获得下一个区块记账权的概率p1设为0.9,根据公式1计算出当诚实者领先100个区块时,区块数据将无法被篡改。
步骤1.1:搭建区块链系统,通过生成不同的区块数。
步骤1.2传统区块链存储方案中区块数据直接存储,所提方案中将不同数量的区块数据生成摘要块,以此进行存储对比分析。
步骤2:分别将区块中所包含的交易数量n设为10和20,并生成多个区块。
步骤2.1:记录其所占的存储消耗,并用不同的区块数量L生成摘要块,统计摘要块所占的存储消耗。
步骤3:根据原始区块和摘要块所占的存储消耗,生成压缩率。

Claims (1)

1.一种面向数字货币的区块链存储优化方案,其具体步骤如下:
步骤一:分析区块数据的安全性;在POW中,假设攻击获得下一个区块记账权的概率为p2,诚实者获得下一个区块记账权的概率为p1,h为诚实节点领先区块数,攻击者潜在进展符合泊松分布,分布期望为:λ=h×(p2/p1),攻击者成功篡改区块的概率Pa为:
Figure QLYQS_1
得出在诚实者领先h个区块数据时,攻击者成功篡改区块的概率Pa为10-50,将Pa=10-50作为界限值,将区块链分为高安全性区块和低安全性区块;
步骤二:将安全性区块进行压缩处理;将数量为L的高安全性区块上传至星际文件系统,以获取相应的哈希值,为摘要块的生成做准备;
步骤三:获取被上传的高安全性区块包含的UTXO集,遍历上传的高安全区块,得出相应UTXO集;若不存在摘要块,那该UTXO集就为个用户账户余额,若已存在摘要块,与前一摘要块所包含的UTXO集结合,得出新的UTXO集;
步骤四:生成摘要块;将得出最新的UTXO集上传至星际文件系统,并将该哈希值存入区块头,随后,将之前高安全性区块返回的哈希值存入区块体内,并两两哈希生成相应的Merkle根存入区块头;
步骤五:区块数据存储;节点存储相应的摘要块以及没有被上传至星际文件系统的区块数据。
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