CN113157213B - Method for extracting and reconstructing partition based on guidance - Google Patents
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- G06F3/06—Digital input from, or digital output to, record carriers, e.g. RAID, emulated record carriers or networked record carriers
- G06F3/0601—Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems
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- G06F3/06—Digital input from, or digital output to, record carriers, e.g. RAID, emulated record carriers or networked record carriers
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for extracting and reconstructing partitions based on guidance, which relates to a computer software technology and is used for realizing and quickly recovering main guidance; the method comprises the steps that an extraction module reads out the maximum column number, the column number per column and the sector number per head of the hard disk from a control chip; under the condition that the computer is in a fault-removing state, the extraction module reads out partition guidance, reads out the total number of sectors in the C area indicated by the first four bytes, and clears all the offset addresses of one sector starting from 7C00H to zero, wherein the address of the cleared sector is 7C00H-7 DFFH; restoring the C partition table from the part at 7DBEH, which is the beginning of the first partition information table; the rebuilding module restores the expanded partition table; adding a Wi windows mark at 7DDE through a writing module; the reconstruction module is linked with the write-in module and rewrites the main bootstrap program by a command FDI SK/MBR; and finally, the main boot is realized and quickly recovered.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of computer software, and particularly relates to a partition extraction and reconstruction method based on guidance.
Background
The main boot sector of the hard disk is a sensitive area, and whether the hard disk can be normally used is directly determined by the safety of the main boot sector. The insight and flexibility of using the hard disk master boot sector will help your system maintenance and many special tasks to be done.
With the continuous development of computer technology, computer viruses are also increasingly developed, and the computer viruses are continuously sought for destroying computer programs. Some viruses specially destroy the main guide information of the computer, so that the machine cannot be normally started; the hard disk Master Boot Record (MBR) is located on a cylinder 0, a head 0 and a sector 1, occupies 446 bytes, and is used for transferring the control right of the system to a certain operating system area which is specified by a user and registered in the partition table when the hard disk is started. It is composed of three parts, main guide program, partition information table and end mark. The system will not start up properly when one of the three parts in the master boot record is corrupted.
In order to realize and quickly recover the main guide, a method for extracting and reconstructing based on the guide partition is provided.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems of the scheme, the invention provides a method for extracting and reconstructing based on a guide partition.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a method of boot partition based extraction and reconstruction includes a boot partition based extraction and reconstruction system including a server, an extraction module, a translation module, a write module, a reconstruction module, and a repository;
the extraction module is used for acquiring a hard disk master boot record and parameter information of a hard disk, and sending the acquired hard disk master boot record and the parameter information of the hard disk to the conversion module and the reconstruction module;
after the extraction module acquires the parameter information of the hard disk, the link server acquires a control chip of the hard disk and an operating system of the hard disk;
the hard disk master boot record consists of three parts, namely a master boot program, a partition information table and an end mark; the hard disk master boot record is positioned on a 0 cylindrical surface, a 0 magnetic head and a1 sector, occupies 446 bytes, and is used for transferring the system control right to an operating system area which is specified by a user and registered in a partition table when the hard disk is started;
the conversion module is used for converting according to the content written by the writing module;
and the reconstruction module is used for reconstructing the partition information table and recovering according to the structure of the main guide.
Further, the specific process of extraction and reconstruction based on the guide partition comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the extraction module reads out the maximum column number, the number of each column and the number of each sector of the hard disk from the control chip;
step two: under the state that the computer is in fault removal, the extraction module reads out partition guidance and reads out the total sector number of the C area indicated by the first four bytes, wherein the total sector number of the C area is positioned on a 0 cylindrical surface, a 0 magnetic head and a1 sector;
step three: in the state of computer fault elimination, all the sectors starting from 7C00H with offset addresses are cleared, and the addresses of the cleared sectors are 7C00H-7 DFFH;
step four: restoring the C partition table from the part at 7DBEH, which is the beginning of the first partition information table;
step five: the rebuilding module restores the expanded partition table;
step six: adding a Windows mark at 7DDE through a writing module;
step seven: the rebuild module is linked to the write module to rewrite the master boot with the command FDISK/MBR.
Furthermore, each node in the partition linked list has a partition table, and each partition table (except the partition table of the last node) consists of two table entries; the former is called local table entry, and the latter is called extended table entry; namely the C partition table and the extended partition table above.
Further, the process of recovering the C partition table specifically includes the following steps:
step A1: the write-in module writes a bootstrap partition starting valid flag into the 1 st bit of the 7 DBEH;
step A2: the writing module writes a starting head, a sector, a column number and a mark into 2 bits, 3 bits, 4 bits and 5 bits respectively;
step A3: the writing module fills the end head, the sector and the column number of the C area at 6, 7 and 8 bits;
step A4: the writing module writes the relative sector number in 9-12 bits;
step A5: the write module writes 13-16 bits into the total sector number of the C area.
Further, the 5 th bit is written according to the maximum sector number of the C area, and the size of the C area is set as X;
when X is smaller than 15M, the partition type is a 12-bit DOS partition, and the type number is 01;
when X is between 15M and 32M, the partition type is a 16-bit DOS partition, and the type number is 04;
when X is between 32M and 8.4G, the partition type is a BIGDOS partition, and the type number is 06;
when X is larger than 8.4G, the partition type is an extended Win2 windows partition, and the type number is 0B.
Further, the process of recovering the extended partition table specifically includes the following steps:
step B1: the write-in module writes the non-liftable partition valid mark into the 1 st bit of the 7 DCEH;
step B2: the writing module writes a starting head, a sector, a column number and a mark into 2 bits, 3 bits, 4 bits and 5 bits respectively;
step B3: the write-in module fills the end head, the sector and the column number of the expanded partition in 6, 7 and 8 bits;
step B4: the writing module writes the relative sector number in 9-12 bits;
step B5: the write module writes the total sector number of the extended partition in 13-16 bits.
Further, bit 5 is written according to the size of the extended partition, setting the size of the extended partition to Y;
when Y is more than 8.4G, the type number is 0B;
when Y is less than 8.4G, the type number is 05.
Furthermore, the writing module fills the end head, the sector and the column number of the C area at the 6, 7 and 8 bits and converts the end head, the sector and the column number according to the total sector number of the C area by the conversion module;
the relative sector number written by the writing module at 9-12 bits is read out by the extraction module according to the control chip;
the write-in module fills the end head, the sector and the column number of the expansion partition at the 6, 7 and 8 bits and is converted by the conversion module according to the maximum capacity number of the hard disk;
the writing module writes 9-12 bits of relative sector number into the hard disk, and the conversion module obtains the relative sector number according to the total sector number of the C area and the head sector number of the hard disk.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the extraction module reads out the maximum column number, the column number and the sector number of each head of the hard disk from the control chip; under the condition that the computer is in a fault-removing state, the extraction module reads out partition guidance, reads out the total number of sectors in the C area indicated by the first four bytes, and clears all the offset addresses of one sector starting from 7C00H to zero, wherein the address of the cleared sector is 7C00H-7 DFFH; restoring the C partition table from the part at 7DBEH, which is the beginning of the first partition information table; the rebuilding module restores the expanded partition table; adding a Windows mark at 7DDE through a writing module; the rebuilding module is linked with the writing module to rewrite the main bootstrap program and uses a command FDISK/MBR; and finally, the main boot is realized and quickly recovered.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a method for guided partition extraction and reconstruction according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The computer system starts and tests the hardware equipment of the computer, enters a bootstrap INT 9H after the test is successful, then reads the main guide record contents of a 0 cylinder, a 0 magnetic head and a1 sector of a disk into a memory specified unit, the first address of the memory specified unit is an area starting from 0:7C00, and an MBR program segment is executed. The master boot record takes precedence over all instructions that are brought into the memory by the operating system and plays a leading role. Finally, control is given to an operating system in the main partition (active partition), and the hard disk is managed by the main partition information. It can be seen that the master boot record is independent of any operating system, and the hard disk boot program is variable, so that multi-system coexistence (but 4 systems at most) can be fully realized.
As shown in FIG. 1, a method for extraction and reconstruction based on a guide partition comprises an extraction and reconstruction system based on a guide partition, wherein the extraction and reconstruction system based on a guide partition comprises a server, an extraction module, a conversion module, a writing module, a reconstruction module and a storage library;
the extraction module is used for acquiring a hard disk master boot record and parameter information of a hard disk, and sending the acquired hard disk master boot record and the parameter information of the hard disk to the conversion module and the reconstruction module;
after the extraction module acquires the parameter information of the hard disk, the link server acquires a control chip of the hard disk and an operating system of the hard disk;
the hard disk master boot record consists of three parts, namely a master boot program, a partition information table and an end mark; the hard disk master boot record is positioned on a 0 cylindrical surface, a 0 magnetic head and a1 sector, occupies 446 bytes, and is used for transferring the system control right to an operating system area which is specified by a user and registered in a partition table when the hard disk is started;
the Master Boot Record (MBR), also called master boot sector, is the first sector that must be read when accessing the hard disk after the computer is powered on. When the internal structure of the master boot sector is discussed in depth, the 446-byte content of the master boot sector may be referred to as "master boot record" (MBR), followed by 4 16-byte "disk partition tables" (DPT), and a 2-byte end flag (55 AA). Thus, when the term "master boot record" (MBR) is used, it is necessary to determine whether it refers to the entire master boot sector or the first 446 bytes of the master boot sector, as the case may be.
The conversion module is used for converting according to the content written by the writing module;
and the reconstruction module is used for reconstructing the partition information table and recovering according to the structure of the main guide.
The specific process of extraction and reconstruction based on the guide partition comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the extraction module reads out the maximum column number, the number of each column and the number of each sector of the hard disk from the control chip;
step two: under the state that the computer is in fault removal, the extraction module reads out partition guidance and reads out the total sector number of the C area indicated by the first four bytes, wherein the total sector number of the C area is positioned on a 0 cylindrical surface, a 0 magnetic head and a1 sector;
step three: in the state of computer fault elimination, all the sectors starting from 7C00H with offset addresses are cleared, and the addresses of the cleared sectors are 7C00H-7 DFFH;
step four: restoring the C partition table from the part at 7DBEH, which is the beginning of the first partition information table;
step five: the rebuilding module restores the expanded partition table;
step six: adding a Windows mark at 7DDE through a writing module;
step seven: the rebuild module is linked to the write module to rewrite the master boot with the command FDISK/MBR.
Now, the following examples are given:
randomly selecting a computer which cannot be automatically started, and starting to extract and rebuild;
the first step is as follows: the extraction module reads out the maximum column number, the number of each column and the number of each sector of the hard disk from the control chip; the maximum number of columns is 685D, the number of heads per column is 16D, and the number of sectors per head is 38D;
the second step is that: under the state that the computer eliminates the fault, the extraction module reads out the partition guide, reads out the total sector number of the C area indicated by the first four bytes, and the total sector number of the C area indicated by the first four bytes is as follows: 9AB 10400;
the third step: in the computer trouble-shooting state, with the command: F7C 007 DFF 0; clearing all sectors with offset addresses from 7C00H, wherein the addresses of the cleared sectors are 7C00H-7 DFFH;
the fourth step: restoring the C partition table from the part at 7DBEH, which is the beginning of the first partition information table;
the fifth step: the rebuilding module restores the expanded partition table;
and a sixth step: adding Windows marker 8B FC 1E 578B F5 CB at 7DA3 through the write module;
step seven: the rebuild module is linked to the write module to rewrite the master boot with the command FDISK/MBR.
Each node in the partition linked list has a partition table, and each partition table (except the partition table of the last node) consists of two table entries; the former is called local table entry, and the latter is called extended table entry; namely the C partition table and the extended partition table above.
The process of recovering the C partition table specifically comprises the following steps:
step A1: the write-in module writes a bootstrap partition starting valid flag into the 1 st bit of the 7 DBEH;
step A2: the writing module writes a starting head, a sector, a column number and a mark into 2 bits, 3 bits, 4 bits and 5 bits respectively;
step A3: the writing module fills the end head, the sector and the column number of the C area at 6, 7 and 8 bits;
step A4: the writing module writes the relative sector number in 9-12 bits;
step A5: the write module writes 13-16 bits into the total sector number of the C area.
Wherein, the 5 th bit is written according to the maximum sector number of the C area, and the size of the C area is set as X;
when X is smaller than 15M, the partition type is a 12-bit DOS partition, and the type number is 01;
when X is between 15M and 32M, the partition type is a 16-bit DOS partition, and the type number is 04;
when X is between 32M and 8.4G, the partition type is a BIGDOS partition, and the type number is 06;
when X is larger than 8.4G, the partition type is an extended Win2 windows partition, and the type number is 0B.
Now, the following examples are given:
the process of recovering the C partition table specifically comprises the following steps:
write 80 to bit 1 from 7DBEH with the command E7 DBE 80;
since the partitioning starts from column 0, 1, first 1 sector, the 2 nd, 3 rd, 4 th bits are filled with 1, 0 th commands E7 DBF 010100, respectively;
according to the maximum number of columns in the control chip of 685D, 16D per column and 38D per sector, the size of the C area is easily calculated to belong to the third situation, so the 5 th bit is filled with 06 with the command of E7 DC 206;
the head of the C area is determined by the number of each column, the number of each column of the machine is 16, the machine is converted into 00H-0 FH in hexadecimal, and the head of the C area is 0F; dividing the total sector number 0004B19AH of the area C by the sector number 26H of each head and the sector number 10H of each head to obtain 01F9H, determining the column to be F9, and combining the last two-bit binary bit 01 of the first two 01 of 01F9 with the last six-bit binary bit of the sector number to obtain 01100110, namely determining the sector number to be 66H, so 6-8 bits are used as the following commands: e7 DC3 OF 66F 9;
according to the number of sectors in each head read out from the control chip being 38D, the data is converted into 26H in hexadecimal, so that 26000000 is filled in bits 9-12 with the command of E7 DC 626000000;
bits 13-16 are the total number of sectors in zone C, 9A B10400, and the command is E7 DCA 9A B10400;
therefore, partition tables for C partition from 7DBEH to 7DCDH should be filled as follows:
80 01 01 00 06 0F 66 F9 26 00 00 00 9A B1 04 00。
the process of recovering the extended partition table specifically includes the following steps:
step B1: the write-in module writes the non-liftable partition valid mark into the 1 st bit of the 7 DCEH;
step B2: the writing module writes a starting head, a sector, a column number and a mark into 2 bits, 3 bits, 4 bits and 5 bits respectively;
step B3: the write-in module fills the end head, the sector and the column number of the expanded partition in 6, 7 and 8 bits;
step B4: the writing module writes the relative sector number in 9-12 bits;
step B5: the write module writes the total sector number of the extended partition in 13-16 bits.
Wherein, the 5 th bit is written according to the size of the extended partition, and the size of the extended partition is set as Y;
when Y is more than 8.4G, the type number is 0B;
when Y is less than 8.4G, the type number is 05.
Now, the following examples are given:
writing 0 into the 1 bit from 7DCEH, and commanding E7 DCE 0;
because the D area main guide starts from 0 head, the column number is the column number in the recovery C area table plus 1(F9H +1 is FAH), the last two-bit binary bit 01 of the first two-bit 01 of 01FA is combined with the last six-bit binary bit of each head sector number 1 to obtain 01000001, namely the sector number is determined to be 41H, 2-4 bits are written into the start head, the sector and the column of the D area are 0041 FA, and the command is E7 DCF 0041 FA;
the size of the extended partition in this example is less than 8.4G, so fill-in 05 at bit 5, command E7 DD 205;
the 6 th bit is the ending head number of the extended partition, the head is determined to be 0FH by converting the head number of each column into a 16-system number, the sectors and the column number need to be converted according to the maximum capacity number of the hard disk, the total sector number of the hard disk is divided by the sector number of each head 26H and the head number of each column 10FH to obtain a number, then the numbers are calculated as A6H and ABH in the recovery C partition table, and the command is as follows: e7 DD3 OF A6 AB;
the relative sector number of 9-12 bits is written according to the total sector number of the C area and the head sector number of the hard disk, the total sector number of the C area is 9A B10400, the head sector number of the hard disk is 00000026H, and the sum is 9A B10400 + 26000000 which is C0B 10400, so that an E7 DD 6C 0B 10400 command is input;
13-16 bits are the total sector number of the extended partition, the maximum sector number of the hard disk is 65880H (684D316D338D238D is converted into hexadecimal, and one column is reserved), the total sector number of the C area is 0004B19AH, and the command is E7 DDA C0 a 60100 determined by formula 8058060029A B10400226000000 ═ C0 a 60100;
therefore, the partition table for extended partitions from 7DCEH to 7DDDH should be filled as follows:
00 00 41 FA 05 0F A6 AB C0 B1 04 00 C0 A6 01 00。
the writing module fills the end head, the sector and the column number of the C area at the 6, 7 and 8 bits and converts the end head, the sector and the column number according to the total sector number of the C area by the conversion module;
the relative sector number written by the writing module at 9-12 bits is read out by the extraction module according to the control chip;
the write-in module fills the end head, the sector and the column number of the expansion partition at the 6, 7 and 8 bits and is converted by the conversion module according to the maximum capacity number of the hard disk;
the writing module writes 9-12 bits of relative sector number into the hard disk, and the conversion module obtains the relative sector number according to the total sector number of the C area and the head sector number of the hard disk.
The specific process of extraction and reconstruction based on the guide partition comprises the following steps:
the extraction module reads out the maximum column number, the number of each column and the number of each sector of the hard disk from the control chip; under the state that the computer is in fault removal, the extraction module reads out partition guidance and reads out the total sector number of the C area indicated by the first four bytes, wherein the total sector number of the C area is positioned on a 0 cylindrical surface, a 0 magnetic head and a1 sector; in the state of computer fault elimination, all the sectors starting from 7C00H with offset addresses are cleared, and the addresses of the cleared sectors are 7C00H-7 DFFH; restoring the C partition table from the part at 7DBEH, which is the beginning of the first partition information table; the rebuilding module restores the expanded partition table; adding a Windows mark at 7DDE through a writing module; the rebuild module is linked to the write module to rewrite the master boot with the command FDISK/MBR.
In the description herein, references to the description of "one embodiment," "an example," "a specific example" or the like are intended to mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The foregoing is merely exemplary and illustrative of the present invention and various modifications, additions and substitutions may be made by those skilled in the art to the specific embodiments described without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the following claims.
Claims (4)
1. A method for extracting and reconstructing based on a guide partition is characterized in that the specific process of extracting and reconstructing based on the guide partition comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the extraction module reads out the maximum column number, the number of each column and the number of each sector of the hard disk from the control chip;
step two: under the state that the computer is in fault removal, the extraction module reads out partition guidance and reads out the total sector number of the C area indicated by the first four bytes, wherein the total sector number of the C area is positioned on a 0 cylindrical surface, a 0 magnetic head and a1 sector;
step three: in the state of computer fault elimination, all the sectors starting from 7C00H with offset addresses are cleared, and the addresses of the cleared sectors are 7C00H-7 DFFH;
step four: restoring the C partition table from the part at 7DBEH, which is the beginning of the first partition information table;
step five: the rebuilding module restores the expanded partition table;
step six: adding a Windows mark at 7DDE through a writing module;
step seven: the rebuild module is linked to the write module to rewrite the master boot with the command FDISK/MBR.
2. The method for extraction and reconstruction based on the guide partition according to claim 1, comprising an extraction and reconstruction system based on the guide partition, wherein the extraction and reconstruction system based on the guide partition comprises a server, an extraction module, a conversion module, a writing module and a reconstruction module;
the extraction module is used for acquiring a hard disk master boot record and parameter information of a hard disk, and sending the acquired hard disk master boot record and the parameter information of the hard disk to the conversion module and the reconstruction module;
after the extraction module acquires the parameter information of the hard disk, the link server acquires a control chip of the hard disk and an operating system of the hard disk;
the hard disk master boot record consists of three parts, namely a master boot program, a partition information table and an end mark;
the conversion module is used for converting according to the content written by the writing module;
and the reconstruction module is used for reconstructing the partition information table and recovering according to the structure of the main guide.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the recovering the C partition table comprises the following steps:
step A1: the write-in module writes a bootstrap partition starting valid flag into the 1 st bit of the 7 DBEH;
step A2: the writing module writes a starting head, a sector, a column number and a mark into 2 bits, 3 bits, 4 bits and 5 bits respectively;
step A3: the writing module fills the end head, the sector and the column number of the C area at 6, 7 and 8 bits;
step A4: the writing module writes the relative sector number in 9-12 bits;
step A5: the write module writes 13-16 bits into the total sector number of the C area.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the writing module fills the end header, sector and column number of the C area at 6, 7 and 8 bits and is converted by the conversion module according to the total sector number of the C area;
the relative sector number written by the writing module at 9-12 bits is read out by the extraction module according to the control chip;
the write-in module fills the end head, the sector and the column number of the expansion partition at the 6, 7 and 8 bits and is converted by the conversion module according to the maximum capacity number of the hard disk;
the writing module writes 9-12 bits of relative sector number into the hard disk, and the conversion module obtains the relative sector number according to the total sector number of the C area and the head sector number of the hard disk.
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Denomination of invention: A Method Based on Guided Partition Extraction and Reconstruction Effective date of registration: 20230517 Granted publication date: 20210917 Pledgee: China Minsheng Banking Corp Shenzhen branch Pledgor: Shenzhen Digital Storage Technology Co.,Ltd. Registration number: Y2023980040931 |