CN113155756B - Light spot online calibration method - Google Patents
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- CN113155756B CN113155756B CN202110350347.9A CN202110350347A CN113155756B CN 113155756 B CN113155756 B CN 113155756B CN 202110350347 A CN202110350347 A CN 202110350347A CN 113155756 B CN113155756 B CN 113155756B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/27—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands using photo-electric detection ; circuits for computing concentration
- G01N21/274—Calibration, base line adjustment, drift correction
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/27—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands using photo-electric detection ; circuits for computing concentration
- G01N21/274—Calibration, base line adjustment, drift correction
- G01N21/278—Constitution of standards
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for calibrating light spots on line, which is used for searching for lambda wavelength under a mercury lamp 1 Marking the light spot matrix, calculating accurate coordinates by a centroid extraction method, calculating the accurate coordinates,
for the step size in the lateral direction of each spot in the matrix,
for the step length in the longitudinal direction of each spot in the matrix, the coordinates of other points are determined by the calculated precise position and the transverse and longitudinal step lengths. From which the wavelength λ is deduced 1 The coordinates of all the spots of the spot matrix. Then calculating the accurate position and lambda of the first row and the first column of points of other wavelength matrixes 1 Of (X) 1 ，Y 1 ) Transverse to longitudinal difference, then according to λ 1 And calculating the coordinates of each light spot in the wavelength light spot matrix by combining the coordinates of each accurate position of the matrix with the transverse and longitudinal difference values.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of spectrometers, and particularly relates to an on-line calibration method for light spots.
Background
In the actual use process of the snapshot imaging spectrometer, in order to avoid overlapping of the spectrum bands, the microlens array needs to be rotated by an angle along the optical axis to avoid overlapping, and at this time, three-dimensional spectrogram data are staggered with each other on the CCD detector, as shown in fig. 1. However, optical design software cannot track the spectrum dispersed by thousands of microlens units at the same time, and deviation exists between theoretical design and actual instruments, and the traditional calibration method is time-consuming and labor-consuming and has low applicability.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems and realize the spectrum calibration of the micro-lens array type snapshot imaging spectrometer, the invention provides an on-line calibration method of light spots, which comprises the following steps:
s1: the detector collects images of the target surface;
s2: selecting the wavelength of the whole target surface as lambda 1 The light spot matrix of (1), wherein m × n light spots are arranged in the light spot matrix;
s3: respectively has the coordinates of (x) for the first row and the first column of points 1 ，y 1 ) The coordinate of the m-th row first column point is (x) m ，y 1 ) The coordinates of the nth row point in the first row are (x) 1 ，y n ) The centroid calculation is carried out on the light spot points, and the calculation results are respectively the accurate coordinates (X) of the three light spots 1 ，Y 1 )、(X m ，Y 1 )、(X 1 ，Y n )；
S4: the light spot matrix determines the wavelength to be lambda according to the precise coordinates and step length of the known light spots 1 Of a light spotThe coordinates of each spot in the matrix, wherein,
the step size between each spot in the row direction of the spot matrix,
the step length between each light spot in the vertical column direction of the light spot matrix is obtained;
s5: according to the coordinate point (X) 1 ，Y 1 ) Manually finding the wavelength λ 2 Luminance point coordinate (x' 1 ，y' 1 ) And obtaining accurate coordinates (X ') according to a centroid calculation method' 1 ，Y' 1 )；
S6: calculate Δ X = X 1 -X′ 1 ，ΔY＝Y 1 -Y′ 1 According to Δ X, Δ Y, wavelength is λ 1 Obtaining the wavelength lambda of each light spot coordinate of the light spot matrix 2 All the coordinates of the matrix of light spots of (c),
wherein Δ X is a wavelength λ 2 Spot point of (a) corresponds to a length λ 1 The step length difference of the transverse direction of the light spot point is shown, and Delta Y is the wavelength of lambda 2 Corresponding to spot length λ 1 The step length difference of the light spot vertical column direction;
s7: finding out all spot coordinates with the wavelength range within [500,600] nm according to the calculation mode of the steps S5 and S6;
wherein λ 1 、λ 2 ∈[500,600]nm and lambda 1 ＜λ 2 。
Preferably, the wavelength λ may be selected in step S7 3 Of a matrix of spots, wherein 1 ＜λ 3 The method comprises the following steps:
step a: according to coordinate point (X) 1 ，Y 1 ) Manually finding the wavelength λ 3 Bright spot coordinates (x) " 1 ，y” 1 ) And obtaining its precise coordinate (X) according to centroid calculation method " 1 ，Y” 1 )；
Step b: calculation of Δ X' = X 1 -X″ 1 ，ΔY′＝Y 1 -Y″ 1 Root of Chinese characterAccording to the wavelength of DeltaX', deltaY 1 Obtaining the wavelength lambda of each light spot coordinate of the light spot matrix 3 All the coordinates of the matrix of light spots of (c),
wherein Δ X' is a wavelength λ 3 Corresponding spot length of λ 1 The step length difference of the light spot in the transverse direction, wherein delta Y' is the wavelength of lambda 3 Corresponding spot length of λ 1 Step size difference in the direction of the vertical column of spot points.
Preferably, said λ 1 ＝546.07nm，λ 2 ＝576.96nm，λ 3 ＝579.04nm。
Preferably, the lamp source of the light spot is a mercury lamp.
Preferably, in step S4, the calculating of the centroid of the spot coordinates includes performing 11 × 11 area division.
Preferably, the step S5 of calculating the centroid of the coordinates of the light spot includes performing 5 × 5 area division.
Has the advantages that: the method simultaneously and accurately calibrates spectra of different wave bands, determines the accurate positions of other light spot wavelengths by using the accurate position of one light spot with one wavelength, for example, the accurate position of a light spot with 546.07nm wavelength, and gradually calculates the accurate positions of light spots with 576.96nm and 579.07nm wavelengths.
When the spectrum of the snapshot type video imaging spectrometer is calibrated, the number of image light spots collected by a detector target surface is large, the light spots are dense, the position of the light spots is deviated due to optical distortion, the energy of the light spots with two wavelengths of 576.96nm and 579.07nm is similar, and the positions are close, so that the problem of accurately finding the relation between the spatial position and the spectral position of the light spots is a problem. The method can effectively avoid confusion of 546.07nm, 576.96nm and 579.07nm wavelength light spots on the whole target surface, namely, the method has the characteristic of being not easy to be confused by aiming at the light spot position calculation of the similar wavelength light spot matrix, and the calculated light spot coordinates of the three wavelengths are real and reliable.
The method adopts a self-adaptive online calibration method, has objectivity and can reduce man-made interference. Compared with the traditional method which adopts a manual calibration mode, the method has high precision, the human eye resolution can reach 0.5 pixel at most, and the resolution of the method can reach 0.1 pixel.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a three-dimensional spectrogram obtained by a CCD detector;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of an image acquisition of a target surface of a probe according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the positions of a certain spot a in a wavelength of 546.07nm, a certain spot b in a wavelength of 576.96nm, and a certain spot c in a wavelength of 579.07nm according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It is noted that the terms first, second, third, etc. are used herein to describe various components or features, but these components or features are not limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element or component from another element or component. Terms such as "first," "second," and other numerical terms when used herein do not imply a sequence or order unless clearly indicated by the context. For convenience of description, spatially relative terms such as "inner", "outer", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "upper", "left", "right", and the like are used herein to describe the orientation relation of the components or parts in the present embodiment, but these spatially relative terms do not limit the orientation of the technical features in practical use.
When a two-dimensional photoelectric detector is used for acquiring a three-dimensional spectrum data cube, three-dimensional spectrum data are mutually staggered on a CCD detector, the traditional calibration method is multi-wavelength calibration of spectrum bands one by one, and the calibration process is time-consuming and labor-consuming. The traditional single calibration time needs to consume a long time, and needs to be calibrated again if relative motion occurs between a micro lens array and a hyperspectral imager, the requirement of quick online calibration of the modularized portable design of a micro lens array type snapshot imaging spectrometer cannot be met, in addition, in the prior art, accurate calculation of coordinates is difficult to be carried out on light spots in a light spot matrix with similar wavelengths, for example, three light spots of three wavelengths of images collected by a detector target surface are easy to be confused, accurate calibration on three wavelengths of 546.07nm, 576.96nm and 579.07nm cannot be carried out simultaneously, the three wavelengths are wider than a single wavelength bandwidth, the applicability is wider, and the accuracy is improved. The invention aims to realize the simultaneous and accurate calibration of light spots with different wavelengths of a snapshot type video imaging spectrometer.
As shown in fig. 2 to 3, an on-line calibration method for a light spot includes the following steps:
s1: the detector acquires images of the target surface;
s2: selecting the wavelength of the whole target surface as lambda 1 The light spot matrix is provided with m multiplied by n light spots;
s3: respectively has the coordinates of (x) for the first row and the first column of points 1 ，y 1 ) The coordinate of the m-th row first column point is (x) m ，y 1 ) The coordinates of the nth row point in the first row are (x) 1 ，y n ) The centroid calculation is carried out on the three light spots, and the calculation results are respectively the accurate coordinates (X) of the three light spots 1 ，Y 1 )、(X m ，Y 1 )、(X 1 ，Y n )；
S4: the light spot matrix determines the wavelength to be lambda according to the precise coordinates and step length of the known light spots 1 The coordinates of each spot of the matrix of spots, wherein,
the step size between each spot in the row direction of the spot matrix,
the step length between each light spot in the vertical column direction of the light spot matrix is obtained;
s5: according to the coordinate point (X) 1 ，Y 1 ) Manually finding the wavelength λ 2 Luminance point coordinate (x' 1 ，y' 1 ) And obtaining the accurate coordinate (X ') according to the centroid calculation method' 1 ，Y' 1 )；
S6: calculate Δ X = X 1 -X′ 1 ，ΔY＝Y 1 -Y′ 1 According to Δ X, Δ Y, the wavelength is λ 1 Obtaining the wavelength lambda of each light spot coordinate of the light spot matrix 2 All the coordinates of the matrix of light spots of (c),
wherein Δ X is a wavelength λ 2 Spot point of (a) corresponds to a length of λ 1 The step length difference of the transverse direction of the light spot point is shown, and Delta Y is the wavelength of lambda 2 Corresponding spot length of λ 1 The step length difference of the light spot vertical column direction;
s7: finding out all spot coordinates with the wavelength range within [500,600] nm according to the calculation mode of the steps S5 and S6;
wherein λ is 1 、λ 2 ∈[500,600]nm and lambda 1 ＜λ 2 。
The method comprises the following specific operations: first, the wavelength λ under the mercury lamp was found 1 The coordinates of the first row and the first column of the spot matrix are marked by (x) 1 ，y 1 ) The coordinates of the m-th row first column points are (x) m ，y 1 ) The coordinates of the nth row point in the first row are (x) 1 ，y n ) And so on. These initial coordinates are coarse coordinates, that is, manually found, and are not accurate, it is necessary to calculate accurate coordinates by a centroid extraction method, and after calculating the accurate coordinates, as shown in fig. 2, the horizontal axis direction and the vertical axis direction of the matrix are angled with respect to the actual horizontal direction, so that the step length direction in the above step is not the actual horizontal direction and the actual vertical direction, but the horizontal row direction of the matrix is the horizontal direction, the vertical column direction of the matrix is the vertical direction,
for each spot lateral step in the matrix,
for each spot step up in the longitudinal direction of the matrix, by having determined (X) 1 ，Y 1 )、(X m ，Y 1 )、(X 1 ，Y n ) The precise positions of the three points determine the coordinates of other points through the transverse step length and the longitudinal step length. From which the wavelength λ is deduced 1 The coordinates of all the spots of the spot matrix.
Then aiming at the light spot matrixes with other wavelengths, firstly, the rough position of the first row and the first column of coordinates in the light spot matrix is manually determined, then, the accurate position is calculated by a centroid extraction method, and then, the point and the wavelength are calculated to be lambda 1 In the light spot matrix of (X) 1 ，Y 1 ) Transverse distance difference and longitudinal distance difference of the first and second lens, and then combining lambda 1 The distance difference is added or subtracted to or from the accurate position of the spot matrix point in the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction to obtain the specific position of the spot matrix under the wavelength.
The method can accurately calibrate spectra of different wave bands simultaneously, determine the accurate positions of other light spots with different wavelengths by using the accurate position of one light spot with one wavelength, for example, determine the accurate position of a light spot with a wavelength of 546.07nm, and gradually calculate the accurate positions of the light spots with the wavelengths of 576.96nm and 579.07 nm.
When the spectrum of the snapshot type video imaging spectrometer is calibrated, the number of image light spots collected by a detector target surface is large, the light spots are dense, the light spots are shifted due to optical distortion, the light spots with the wavelengths of 576.96nm and 579.07nm have similar energy and are close in position, and therefore, the problem of accurately finding the relation between the spatial position and the spectral position of the light spots is solved. The method can effectively avoid confusion of 546.07nm, 576.96nm and 579.07nm wavelength light spots on the whole target surface, namely, the method has the characteristic of being not easy to be confused by aiming at the light spot position calculation of the similar wavelength light spot matrix, and the calculated light spot coordinates of the three wavelengths are real and reliable.
According to the method, although the two wavelengths are close wavelengths, calculation errors do not exist, and the accuracy is higher because the calculation mode is online calibration and manual calibration is not adopted.
In a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 3 in particular, the wavelength λ may be selected in step S7 3 Light spot ofMatrix of which λ 1 ＜λ 3 The method comprises the following steps:
a, step a: according to the coordinate point (X) 1 ，Y 1 ) Manually finding the wavelength λ 3 Bright spot coordinates (x) " 1 ，y” 1 ) And obtaining its precise coordinate (X) according to centroid calculation method " 1 ，Y” 1 )；
Step b: calculation Δ X' = X 1 -X″ 1 ，ΔY′＝Y 1 -Y″ 1 According to Δ X ', Δ Y', the wavelength is λ 1 Obtaining the wavelength lambda of each light spot coordinate of the light spot matrix 3 All the coordinates of the matrix of light spots of (c),
wherein Δ X' is a wavelength λ 3 Spot point of (a) corresponds to a length of λ 1 The step length difference of the transverse direction of the light spot point is shown, and delta Y' is the wavelength lambda 3 Spot point of (a) corresponds to a length of λ 1 The step size difference in the column direction of the spot points.
In a preferred embodiment, said λ 1 ＝546.07nm，λ 2 ＝576.96nm，λ 3 ＝579.04nm。
In a preferred embodiment, the lamp source for all wavelength spots is a mercury lamp.
In a preferred embodiment, the step S4 of calculating the centroid of the light spot coordinates includes performing 11 × 11 area division, and the step S5 of calculating the centroid of the light spot coordinates includes performing 5 × 5 area division. For centroid extraction calculation here, the regions need to be divided in advance, the first calculation, i.e. step S4, is for the underlying λ 1 The three light spots adopt 11 multiplied by 11 area division, and the subsequent centroid extraction calculation of other wavelengths only needs 5 multiplied by 5 area division.
The method adopts a self-adaptive online calibration method, has objectivity and can reduce human interference, in addition, the method has higher precision, and compared with the traditional method adopting an artificial calibration mode, the method has the advantages that the human eye resolution ratio reaches at most 0.5 pixel, and the method has the resolution ratio reaching 0.1 pixel.
The above embodiments are not limited to the technical solutions of the embodiments themselves, and the embodiments may be combined with each other into a new embodiment. The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and are not limited thereto, and any modification or equivalent replacement without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered within the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A light spot online calibration method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: the detector collects images of the target surface;
s2: selecting the wavelength of the whole target surface as lambda 1 The light spot matrix of (1), wherein m × n light spots are arranged in the light spot matrix;
s3: respectively has the coordinates of (x) for the first row and the first column of points 1 ，y 1 ) The coordinate of the m-th row first column point is (x) m ，y 1 ) The coordinates of the nth row point in the first row are (x) 1 ，y n ) The centroid calculation is carried out on the light spot points, and the calculation results are respectively the accurate coordinates (X) of the three light spots 1 ，Y 1 )、(X m ，Y 1 )、(X 1 ，Y n )；
S4: the light spot matrix determines the wavelength to be lambda according to the precise coordinates and step length of the known light spots 1 The coordinates of each spot of light in the spot matrix of (a), wherein,
for the step size between each spot in the row-wise direction of the spot matrix,
the step length between each light spot in the vertical column direction of the light spot matrix is obtained;
s5: according to the coordinate point (X) 1 ，Y 1 ) Manually finding the wavelength λ 2 Luminance point coordinate (x' 1 ，y' 1 ) And obtaining the accurate coordinate (X ') according to the centroid calculation method' 1 ，Y' 1 )；
S6: calculate Δ X = X 1 -X′ 1 ，ΔY＝Y 1 -Y′ 1 According to DeltaX, deltaY,Wavelength of λ 1 Obtaining the wavelength lambda of each light spot coordinate of the light spot matrix 2 All the coordinates of the matrix of light spots of (c),
wherein Δ X is a wavelength λ 2 Spot point of (a) corresponds to a length λ 1 The step length difference of the light spot in the transverse direction, and delta Y is the wavelength lambda 2 Spot point of (a) corresponds to a length λ 1 The step length difference of the light spot vertical column direction;
s7: finding out all spot coordinates with the wavelength range within [500,600] nm according to the calculation mode of the steps S5 and S6;
wherein λ 1 、λ 2 ∈[500,600]nm and lambda 1 ＜λ 2 。
2. The method for calibrating the light spot on line according to claim 1, wherein the wavelength λ can be selected in step S7 3 In which λ is 1 ＜λ 3 The method comprises the following steps:
step a: according to the coordinate point (X) 1 ，Y 1 ) Manually finding the wavelength λ 3 Bright spot coordinates (x) " 1 ，y” 1 ) And obtaining its precise coordinate (X) according to centroid calculation method " 1 ，Y” 1 )；
Step b: calculation of Δ X' = X 1 -X″ 1 ，ΔY′＝Y 1 -Y″ 1 According to Δ X ', Δ Y', the wavelength is λ 1 Obtaining the wavelength lambda of each light spot coordinate of the light spot matrix 3 All the coordinates of the matrix of light spots of (c),
wherein Δ X' is a wavelength λ 3 Spot point of (a) corresponds to a length of λ 1 The step length difference of the transverse direction of the light spot point is shown, and delta Y' is the wavelength lambda 3 Corresponding spot length of λ 1 Step size difference in the direction of the vertical column of spot points.
3. The method for calibrating the light spot on line as claimed in claim 2, wherein λ is 1 ＝546.07nm，λ 2 ＝576.96nm，λ 3 ＝579.04nm。
4. The method for calibrating the light spot on line according to claim 1, wherein the lamp source of the light spot is a mercury lamp.
5. The method for calibrating the light spot on-line according to claim 1, wherein in the step S4, the calculating the centroid of the coordinates of the light spot comprises performing 11 × 11 area division.
6. The method for calibrating the light spot online according to claim 1, wherein the step S5 of calculating the centroid of the coordinates of the light spot comprises performing 5 × 5 area division.
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