CN113154714A - Channel type cold end heat exchanger of gas coupling pulse tube refrigerator and implementation method - Google Patents
Channel type cold end heat exchanger of gas coupling pulse tube refrigerator and implementation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113154714A CN113154714A CN202110263190.6A CN202110263190A CN113154714A CN 113154714 A CN113154714 A CN 113154714A CN 202110263190 A CN202110263190 A CN 202110263190A CN 113154714 A CN113154714 A CN 113154714A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/14—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle
- F25B9/145—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle pulse-tube cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B39/00—Evaporators; Condensers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D3/00—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
- F28F21/08—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of metal
- F28F21/081—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys
- F28F21/085—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys from copper or copper alloys
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
- F28F9/24—Arrangements for promoting turbulent flow of heat-exchange media, e.g. by plates
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- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for realizing a channel type cold end heat exchanger of an air coupling pulse tube refrigerator, which comprises a heat exchanger shell I, a heat exchanger shell II, a conical slit body I, a conical slit body II, a through hole I, a through hole II, a laminar flow element I, a laminar flow element II, a laminar flow element III, a channel I, a channel II and a plug. The conical slits are respectively cut on the left heat exchanger shell and the right heat exchanger shell, and the channels are arranged in the heat exchangers, so that the connection among the first-stage regenerator, the second-stage regenerator and the first-stage pulse tube is realized. The invention keeps the advantage of high-efficiency heat exchange of the traditional heat exchanger, realizes the high-efficiency matching of the front-stage cold fingers and the rear-stage cold fingers of the pulse tube refrigerator, inhibits the backflow, mixed flow and turbulent disturbance of gas working media in a heat exchange channel, and ensures the uniformity of gas flow. The invention can obviously improve the heat exchange efficiency and the overall performance of the refrigerator and has very positive significance in the aspects of realizing the compaction and the practicability of the multi-stage pulse tube refrigerator.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of refrigeration and low-temperature engineering, relates to a pulse tube refrigerator, and particularly relates to a channel type cold end heat exchanger of a gas-coupled pulse tube refrigerator and an implementation method.
Background
The pulse tube refrigerator is a great innovation of a regenerative low-temperature refrigerator, cancels moving parts of a conventional regenerative refrigerator in a low-temperature region, has the outstanding advantages of high reliability, small mechanical vibration, long service life, high refrigeration efficiency, low electromagnetic noise and the like, is known as a new generation of long-service-life regenerative low-temperature refrigerator, and is widely applied to the aspects of aerospace, low-temperature electronics, superconducting industry, low-temperature medical industry and the like.
Pulse tube refrigerators can be classified into three typical arrangements, i.e., a linear type, a U-type, and a coaxial type, according to the relationship between the regenerator and the pulse tube. As shown in FIG. 1, the linear type (a), (b) and (c) are coaxial. The linear arrangement means that the pulse tube and the regenerator are arranged on the same straight line, the U-shaped arrangement means that the pulse tube and the regenerator are arranged in parallel, and the coaxial arrangement means that the pulse tube and the regenerator are arranged concentrically. In general, the straight arrangement provides the highest refrigeration efficiency of the three arrangements because the flow does not need to be turned back at the cold end, with minimal flow losses and dead volume, but the loosest of the three arrangements, with a high aspect ratio. The coaxial arrangement has the most compact structure in the three arrangements, and the cold end is arranged at one end, so that the coaxial arrangement is widely applied in application practice, and the coaxial arrangement has the defects that the air flow needs to generate 180-degree turn-back at the cold end, the flow loss and the dead volume are large, the efficiency is lowest in the three arrangement modes under general conditions, and the design requirement is high. The U-shaped arrangement is compact between the straight and coaxial configurations and has its cold end at one end, but because the regenerator and pulse tube are arranged in parallel, cold end heat exchangers are typically large, and in this arrangement the flow also requires 180 ° turn back at the cold end, and its refrigeration efficiency is typically between the straight and U configurations.
According to the interstage coupling form of the cold finger of the multi-stage pulse tube, the multi-stage pulse tube refrigerator can be divided into a heat coupling type (as shown in figure 2) and an air coupling type (as shown in figure 3). The thermal coupling type structure is simple in design, all the stages are connected through the thermal bridge, the advantages that inter-stage influence is small, internal flow is easy to control and the like are achieved, but generally a plurality of compressors are needed for driving, the number of the needed compressors is increased along with the number of stages, and large irreversible loss exists in heat exchange through thermal bridge connection, so that the whole volume of the system is large, and the efficiency is relatively low. The air coupling type arrangement mode avoids thermal connection of a heat bridge and the like, so that the structure is compact, the refrigeration efficiency is relatively high, and great advantages are achieved in practical application.
The cold end heat exchanger is a key part in the design of the gas coupling pulse tube refrigerator, is not only a passage of a first-stage cold finger gas working medium and a second-stage cold finger gas working medium, but also a place for heat exchange between a first-stage cold end and a second-stage cold accumulator hot end, and under ideal conditions, the cold end heat exchanger needs to realize the following four functions:
1) high-efficiency heat exchange. The performance of the heat exchanger directly influences the heat exchange efficiency of the cold end of the front stage and the hot end of the cold accumulator of the rear stage, thereby influencing the refrigerating capacity of the multi-stage pulse tube refrigerator, and realizing the efficient heat exchange is particularly important, so that a geometric structure with a larger heat exchange area under the limited volume is needed.
2) And (4) flow distribution. The front stage and the rear stage of the multi-stage gas-coupled pulse tube refrigerator work in different temperature areas, the resistance of the front stage and the rear stage is different, and the heat exchanger provides efficient heat exchange and has the function of front-stage and rear-stage flow distribution. Therefore, an internal gas flow channel needs to be designed according to the resistance of the heat exchanger after different outlets, and therefore efficient matching between the front-stage cold fingers and the rear-stage cold fingers is achieved.
3) The flow is controlled. The turbulent disturbance of the gas in the heat exchange channel is inhibited to the maximum extent, the uniformity of the outlet flow velocity is ensured, and the gas working medium flowing into the pulse tube forms a uniformly distributed laminar flow state so as to maintain the gas piston in the pulse tube. The gas flowing out of the front-stage regenerator is prevented from generating backflow and mixed flow when flowing into the front-stage pulse tube and the rear-stage regenerator respectively, so that the gas working media are prevented from being mixed unevenly. Meanwhile, when the gas working medium reversely flows into the regenerator, the uneven heat exchange of the regenerator caused by uneven flow velocity is avoided, so that the working efficiency of the regenerator is improved.
4) Reducing flow losses. The regenerator and the pulse tube of the pulse tube refrigerator often have different section diameters, and a large pressure loss cannot be generated at the variable section, so that the effective transition of the variable section needs to be realized. For the cold finger with the U-shaped arrangement, pressure loss caused by 180-degree reversal of the flow direction of the gas working medium exists, and a coherent and compact flow channel structure is needed to reduce the empty volume and the flow loss.
However, the cold end heat exchanger of the conventional gas-coupled pulse tube refrigerator still does not meet the requirements, and the related technology still has great vacancy.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects of the existing research and technology, the invention provides a channel type cold end heat exchanger of a gas coupling pulse tube refrigerator and an implementation method.
The invention aims to design a channel type slit heat exchanger with internal gas leakage at the cold end of a gas coupling pulse tube refrigerator. Firstly, a gas channel between a pulse tube and a regenerator is integrated into a heat exchanger, so that the heat exchange area is increased to the maximum extent in a limited volume; secondly, natural shunting of gas working media is realized, mixed flow of gas in the first-stage regenerator is prevented when the gas is shunted to the first-stage pulse tube and the second-stage regenerator, and the flowing uniformity of the gas is ensured; thirdly, natural transition from the regenerator with larger diameter to the pulse tube with smaller diameter and the second-stage regenerator is realized in the heat exchanger, so that dead volume of harmful heat transfer is avoided, and the heat transfer performance is maximized; fourthly, the pressure loss when the flowing direction of the gas working medium is changed can be effectively reduced through natural transition of the variable-section conical slit; fifthly, turbulent disturbance of the gas in the heat exchange channel is inhibited to the maximum extent, uniformity of outlet flow velocity is guaranteed, and the gas working medium flowing into the pulse tube forms a uniformly distributed laminar flow state.
The channel type cold end heat exchanger of the gas coupling pulse tube refrigerator consists of a heat exchanger shell I1, a heat exchanger shell II 9, a conical slit body I17, a conical slit body II 13, a through hole I4, a through hole II 12, a laminar flow element I5, a laminar flow element II 18, a laminar flow element III 14, a channel I6, a channel II 7 and a plug 8. The method is characterized in that a first heat exchanger shell 1 and a second heat exchanger shell 9 are used as a main heat exchange surface of a cold end heat exchanger and a gas coupling interface of a front-stage cold finger and a rear-stage cold finger, a slit is cut in the first heat exchanger shell 1 and the second heat exchanger shell 9, a first channel 6 and a second channel 7 are machined in the first heat exchanger shell 1, connection among a first-stage regenerator 16, a first-stage pulse tube 11 and a second-stage regenerator 3 is achieved, and a first conical slit body 17, a first through hole 4, a second conical slit 13, a second through hole 12, a first channel 6 and a second channel 7 in the heat exchanger shell are protected. A through hole I4 with the diameter of 2.5 mm-4.5 mm is milled at the center of the left half part of the heat exchanger shell I1, and the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the through hole I are respectively flush with the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the heat exchanger shell I1; milling a 2-3 mm channel I6 from the right side surface of the first heat exchanger shell 1 to enable the left side of the channel I to be communicated with the through hole I4; uniformly cutting a conical slit body I17 on the left side of the through hole I4, wherein the length of the upper end surface of the slit body I is slightly smaller than the radius of the lower end surface of the second-stage regenerator 3, and the length of the lower end surface of the slit body I is slightly smaller than the radius of the upper end surface of the first-stage regenerator 16; the conical slits are uniformly cut at the part which is not communicated with the first channel 6 along the circumference of the first through hole 4, the width of the slits is controlled to be 0.1-0.2 mm, the number of the slits is controlled to be 24-50, and the specific conditions are determined according to the ratio of the resistance of the second-stage regenerator 3 and the back thereof to the resistance of the first-stage pulse tube 11 and the back thereof.
Uniformly cutting a second conical slit body 13 in the center of the upper end face of the second heat exchanger shell 9, wherein the diameter of the upper end face is 6-10 mm, and the diameter of the lower end face is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the first-stage pulse tube 11; uniformly cutting the conical slits around the center lines of the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the second conical slit body 13, wherein the width of each slit is controlled to be 0.1-0.15 mm, the number of the slits is controlled to be 24-48, and the specific conditions are determined according to the processing precision, the first-stage pulse tube 11 and the resistance behind the first-stage pulse tube; a through hole II 12 with the diameter of 1.5 mm-3 mm is arranged at the central line of the conical slit II 13, and the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the through hole II are respectively flush with the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the conical slit II 13. A second circular channel 7 is milled right above the second conical slit body 13, the diameter of the circumference of the second circular channel is slightly larger than that of the upper end face of the second conical slit body 13, and one end of the second circular channel is communicated with the first channel 6; and a plug 8 is arranged on the right side of the first channel 6, so that a channel type cold end heat exchanger of the air coupling pulse tube refrigerator is formed together.
The first heat exchanger shell 1 and the second heat exchanger shell 9 are both made of red copper, a first conical slit body 17 is cut in the first heat exchanger shell 1 by using a slow-walking wire cutting technology, and the diameter of the large end face of the first conical slit body 17 is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the first-stage regenerator 16, and the diameter of the small end face of the first conical slit body is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the second-stage regenerator 3; cutting a second conical slit body 13 in the second heat exchanger shell 9 by using a slow-walking wire cutting technology, wherein the diameter of the large end face of the second conical slit body 13 is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the first-stage pulse tube 11, and the diameter of the small end face of the second conical slit body is about 6-10 mm; a hollow through hole I4 and a hollow through hole II 12 are respectively arranged at the centers of the conical slit body I17 and the conical slit body II 13, and the slit of the conical slit body I17 is uniformly cut along the circumference 240-270 degrees along the part of the circumference of the through hole I14, which is not communicated with the channel I6; the slit of the conical slit body II 13 is uniformly cut around the through hole II 12 along the circumference of 360 degrees; the first-stage regenerator 16 is inserted into the heat exchanger shell I1 for 3-7 mm, a second annular base 15 is arranged in the gap part between the first-stage regenerator and the heat exchanger shell I1, and the second annular base 15 is tightly attached to the first-stage regenerator 16 and a groove at the root part of the lower end face of the heat exchanger shell I1; the second-stage regenerator 3 is inserted into the first heat exchanger shell 1 for 3-7 mm, a first annular base 2 is arranged in the gap part between the first and second stages, and the first annular base 2 is tightly attached to the second-stage regenerator 3 and a groove at the root of the upper end face of the first heat exchanger shell 1; the first-stage pulse tube 11 is inserted into the second heat exchanger shell 9 by 3-6 mm, a third annular base 10 is arranged in the gap part between the first-stage pulse tube 11 and the second heat exchanger shell 9, and the third annular base 10 is tightly attached to the first-stage pulse tube 11 and a groove in the root of the lower end face of the second heat exchanger shell 9; the plug 8 is made of red copper, the right end face of the plug is flush with the right side face of the first heat exchanger shell 1, and the left end face of the plug is connected with the side face of the second channel 7; the diameter of the second channel 7 is slightly larger than that of the second conical slit body 13, one side of the second channel is communicated with the first channel 6, and the axis of the second channel is superposed with the axis of the second through hole 12; the left side of the channel I6 is communicated with the through hole I4; a second laminar flow element 18, a first laminar flow element 5 and a third laminar flow element 14 which are about 2-3 mm thick are respectively arranged between the first-stage regenerator 16 and the first heat exchanger shell 1, between the second-stage regenerator 3 and the first heat exchanger shell 1, and between the first-stage pulse tube 11 and the second heat exchanger shell 9; two end faces of each annular base, the first heat exchanger shell 1, the second heat exchanger shell 9, the first heat exchanger shell 1 and the plug 8 are welded along the circumference by a clean brazing technology; the connection among the first-stage regenerator 16, the second-stage regenerator 3, the first-stage pulse tube 11, the first heat exchanger shell 1 and the second heat exchanger shell 9 is realized, so that the channel type cold end heat exchanger of the gas coupling pulse tube refrigerator is formed.
The invention has the advantages that:
1) all gas channels are arranged inside the heat exchanger, so that the volume of the heat exchanger is minimized. Through reasonable channel arrangement, mixed flow and backflow in the heat exchanger are prevented, the uniformity of gas distribution is ensured, and natural shunting of gas working media is realized;
2) the conical slits are arranged between unequal diameters for heat exchange, so that the maximization of the heat exchange area under the limited volume is realized, and the efficient heat exchange between the gas working medium and the cold-end heat exchanger is ensured;
3) the compact and coherent structural design is adopted, and the natural transition from the first-stage regenerator with larger diameter to the first-stage pulse tube and the second-stage regenerator with smaller diameter avoids the dead volume of harmful heat transfer, effectively reduces the thermal resistance loss and effectively reduces the pressure loss when the flowing direction of the gas working medium is changed;
4) through the forced rectification of the heat exchanger and the laminar flow element, the turbulent flow disturbance of the gas in the heat exchange channel is inhibited to the maximum extent, the uniformity of the outlet flow velocity is ensured, and the gas working medium flowing into the pulse tube forms a uniformly distributed laminar flow state.
The cold end heat exchanger designed by utilizing the advantages is applied to a multistage gas coupling pulse tube refrigerator, can obviously improve the overall performance of the refrigerator, and has very positive significance in the aspects of realizing the compactness, the practicability and the like of the pulse tube refrigerator.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of three cold finger arrangements for a pulse tube refrigerator, wherein (a) is linear, (b) is U-shaped, and (c) is coaxial;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a thermally coupled multi-stage pulse tube;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a gas-coupled multi-stage pulse tube structure;
FIG. 4 is a partial cross-sectional view of an inventive channeled cold end heat exchanger of an air-coupled pulse tube refrigerator;
fig. 5 is a schematic overall view of a first channel cold side heat exchanger housing of an inventive gas coupled pulse tube refrigerator, wherein (a) is a top view, (b) is a bottom view, and (c) is a cross-sectional view;
fig. 6 is an overall schematic diagram of a second channel cold side heat exchanger housing of the gas coupled pulse tube refrigerator of the present invention, wherein (a) is a right side view, (b) is a left side view, and (c) is a cross-sectional view.
Fig. 7 is a structural view of the bulkhead, in which (a) is a right side view, (b) is a left side view, and (c) is a front view.
Wherein: 1 is a first heat exchanger shell; 2 is a ring-shaped base I; a second stage regenerator 3; 4 is a through hole I; 5 is a laminar flow element I; 6 is a first groove; 7 is a second groove; 8 is a plug; 9 is a second heat exchanger shell; 10 is a ring-shaped base III; 11 is a first-stage pulse tube; 12 is a through hole II; 13 is a conical slit body II; 14 is a laminar flow element III; 15 is a ring-shaped base II; 16 is a first stage regenerator; 17 is a conical slit body I; 18 is a laminar flow element II; 19 is a thermal coupling type pulse tube first-stage regenerator; 20 is a thermal coupling type pulse tube first-stage thermal bridge; 21 a first stage cold end heat exchanger of a thermally coupled pulse tube; 22 is a first-stage pulse tube of a thermal coupling type pulse tube; 23 is a thermal coupling type pulse tube first-stage phase modulation mechanism; 24 is a thermally coupled pulse tube second phase modulation mechanism; 25 is a second-stage pulse tube of a thermal coupling type pulse tube; 26 is a thermal coupling type pulse tube third-stage phase modulation mechanism; 27 is a thermally coupled third stage pulse tube; 28 is a thermal coupling type pulse tube third stage cold end heat exchanger; 29 is a thermal coupling type pulse tube second-stage cold end heat exchanger; 30 is a thermal coupling type pulse tube second-stage thermal bridge; 31 is a thermal coupling type pulse tube third-stage regenerator; 32 is a thermal coupling type pulse tube second stage regenerator; 33 is a first-stage phase modulation mechanism of an air coupling type pulse tube; 34 is a gas coupling type pulse tube second-stage pulse tube; 35 is a gas coupling type pulse tube second-stage thermal bridge; 36 is a third stage regenerator of a gas coupling type pulse tube; 37 is a third-stage thermal bridge of the gas coupling type pulse tube; 38 is a third-stage pulse tube of a gas coupling type pulse tube; 39 is a third-stage phase modulation mechanism of the air coupling type pulse tube; 40 is a gas coupling type pulse tube first-stage thermal bridge; 41 is a first-stage pulse tube of a gas coupling type pulse tube; 42 is a first-stage phase modulation mechanism of an air coupling type pulse tube; 43 is a tapered slit; 44 is the root of the plug; and 45 is a plug head.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples:
fig. 4 is a partial cross-sectional view of an inventive channeled cold end heat exchanger of an air-coupled pulse tube refrigerator. The channel type cold end heat exchanger of the gas coupling pulse tube refrigerator consists of a heat exchanger shell I1, a heat exchanger shell II 9, a conical slit body I17, a conical slit body II 13, a through hole I4, a through hole II 12, a laminar flow element I5, a laminar flow element II 18, a laminar flow element III 14, a channel I6, a channel II 7 and a plug 8. The method is characterized in that a first heat exchanger shell 1 and a second heat exchanger shell 9 are used as a main heat exchange surface of a cold end heat exchanger and a gas coupling interface of a front-stage cold finger and a rear-stage cold finger, a slit is cut in the first heat exchanger shell 1 and the second heat exchanger shell 9, a first channel 6 and a second channel 7 are machined in the first heat exchanger shell 1, connection among a first-stage regenerator 16, a first-stage pulse tube 11 and a second-stage regenerator 3 is achieved, and a first conical slit body 17, a first through hole 4, a second conical slit 13, a second through hole 12, a first channel 6 and a second channel 7 in the heat exchanger shell are protected. A through hole I4 with the diameter of 4mm is milled at the center of the left half part of the heat exchanger shell I1, and the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the through hole I are respectively flush with the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the heat exchanger shell I1; milling a 3mm channel I6 from the right side surface of the heat exchanger shell I1 to enable the left side of the channel I to be communicated with the through hole I4; uniformly cutting a conical slit body I17 on the left side of the through hole I4, wherein the length of the upper end surface of the slit body I is slightly smaller than the radius of the lower end surface of the second-stage regenerator 3, and the length of the lower end surface of the slit body I is slightly smaller than the radius of the upper end surface of the first-stage regenerator 16; and uniformly cutting conical slits at the part which is not communicated with the first channel 6 along the circumference of the first through hole 4, wherein the width of the slits is controlled to be 0.2mm, and the number of the slits is controlled to be 36, and the specific conditions are determined according to the ratio of the resistance of the second-stage regenerator 3 and the back thereof to the resistance of the first-stage pulse tube 11 and the back thereof.
Uniformly cutting a second conical slit body 13 in the center of the upper end face of a second heat exchanger shell (9), wherein the diameter of the upper end face is 8mm, and the diameter of the lower end face is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the first-stage pulse tube 11; uniformly cutting conical slits around the center lines of the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the second conical slit body 13, wherein the width of the slits is controlled to be 0.12mm, the number of the slits is controlled to be 48, and the specific conditions are determined according to the processing precision, the first-stage pulse tube 11 and the resistance behind the first-stage pulse tube; a through hole II 12 with the diameter of 3mm is arranged at the central line of the conical slit body II 13, and the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the through hole II are respectively flush with the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the conical slit body II 13. A second circular channel 7 is milled right above the second conical slit body 13, the diameter of the circumference of the second circular channel is slightly larger than that of the upper end face of the second conical slit body 13, and one end of the second circular channel is communicated with the first channel 6; and a plug 8 is arranged on the right side of the first channel 6, so that a channel type cold end heat exchanger of the air coupling pulse tube refrigerator is formed together.
The first heat exchanger shell 1 and the second heat exchanger shell 9 are both made of red copper, a first conical slit body 17 is cut in the first heat exchanger shell 1 by using a slow-walking wire cutting technology, and the diameter of the large end face of the first conical slit body 17 is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the first-stage regenerator 16, and the diameter of the small end face of the first conical slit body is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the second-stage regenerator 3; a second conical slit body 13 is cut in the second heat exchanger shell 9 by using a slow-moving wire cutting technology, the diameter of the large end face of the second conical slit body 13 is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the first-stage pulse tube 11, and the diameter of the small end face of the second conical slit body is about 8 mm; a hollow through hole I4 and a hollow through hole II 12 are respectively arranged at the centers of the conical slit body I17 and the conical slit body II 13, and the slit of the conical slit body I17 is uniformly cut along the circumference 240-270 degrees along the part of the circumference of the through hole I14, which is not communicated with the channel I6; the slit of the conical slit body II 13 is uniformly cut around the through hole II 12 along the circumference of 360 degrees; the first-stage regenerator 16 is inserted into the first heat exchanger shell 1 by 7mm, a second annular base 15 is arranged in the gap part between the first-stage regenerator and the first heat exchanger shell 1, and the second annular base 15 is tightly attached to the first-stage regenerator 16 and a groove at the root part of the lower end face of the first heat exchanger shell 1; the second-stage regenerator 3 is inserted into the first heat exchanger shell 1 by 6mm, a first annular base 2 is arranged in the gap part between the first and second heat exchangers, and the first annular base 2 is tightly attached to the second-stage regenerator 3 and the root groove of the upper end face of the first heat exchanger shell 1; the first-stage pulse tube 11 is inserted into the second heat exchanger shell 9 by 6mm, a third annular base 10 is arranged in the gap part between the first-stage pulse tube 11 and the second heat exchanger shell 9, and the third annular base 10 is tightly attached to the first-stage pulse tube 11 and a groove in the root part of the lower end face of the second heat exchanger shell 9; the plug 8 is made of red copper, the right end face of the plug is flush with the right side face of the first heat exchanger shell 1, and the left end face of the plug is connected with the side face of the second channel 7; the diameter of the second channel 7 is slightly larger than that of the second conical slit body 13, one side of the second channel is communicated with the first channel 6, and the axis of the second channel is superposed with the axis of the second through hole 12; the left side of the channel I6 is communicated with the through hole I4; a second laminar flow element 18, a first laminar flow element 5 and a third laminar flow element 14 which are about 2.5mm thick are respectively arranged between the first-stage regenerator 16 and the first heat exchanger shell 1, between the second-stage regenerator 3 and the first heat exchanger shell 1, and between the first-stage pulse tube 11 and the second heat exchanger shell 9; two end faces of each annular base, the first heat exchanger shell 1, the second heat exchanger shell 9, the first heat exchanger shell 1 and the plug 8 are welded along the circumference by a clean brazing technology; the connection among the first-stage regenerator 16, the second-stage regenerator 3, the first-stage pulse tube 11, the first heat exchanger shell 1 and the second heat exchanger shell 9 is realized, so that the channel type cold end heat exchanger of the gas coupling pulse tube refrigerator is formed.
Claims (2)
1. The utility model provides a gas coupling pulse tube refrigerator passageway formula cold end heat exchanger, includes heat exchanger shell one (1), heat exchanger shell two (9), the toper slot body one (17), the toper slot body two (13), perforating hole one (4), perforating hole two (12), laminar flow component one (5), laminar flow component two (18), laminar flow component three (14), channel one (6), channel two (7), end cap (8), its characterized in that:
the method comprises the following steps that a first heat exchanger shell (1) and a second heat exchanger shell (9) are used as a main heat exchange surface of a cold end heat exchanger and a gas coupling interface of a front-stage cold finger and a rear-stage cold finger, slits are cut in the first heat exchanger shell (1) and the second heat exchanger shell (9), and a first channel (6) and a second channel (7) are processed in the first heat exchanger shell (1), so that connection among a first-stage regenerator (16), a first-stage pulse tube (11) and a second-stage regenerator (3) is realized, and a first conical slit body (17), a first through hole (4), a second conical slit (13), a second through hole (12), a first channel (6) and a second channel (7) are protected; a through hole I (4) with the diameter of 4mm is milled at the center of the left half part of the heat exchanger shell I (1), and the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the through hole I are respectively flush with the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the heat exchanger shell I (1); milling a first channel (6) with the thickness of 3mm from the right side surface of the first heat exchanger shell (1) to enable the left side of the first channel to be communicated with the first through hole (4); uniformly cutting a first conical slit body (17) on the left side of the first through hole (4), wherein the length of the upper end surface of the first conical slit body is slightly smaller than the radius of the lower end surface of the second-stage regenerator (3), and the length of the lower end surface of the first conical slit body is slightly smaller than the radius of the upper end surface of the first-stage regenerator (16); uniformly cutting conical slits along the circumference of the first through hole (4) at the part which is not communicated with the first channel (6), wherein the width of the slits is controlled to be 0.2mm, and the number of the slits is controlled to be 36, and is determined according to the ratio of the second-stage regenerator (3) and the rear resistance thereof to the first-stage pulse tube (11) and the rear resistance thereof;
uniformly cutting a second conical slit body (13) in the center of the upper end face of the second heat exchanger shell (9), wherein the diameter of the upper end face is 8mm, and the diameter of the lower end face is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the first-stage pulse tube (11); uniformly cutting conical slits around the center lines of the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the second conical slit body (13), wherein the width of each slit is controlled to be 0.12mm, and the number of the slits is controlled to be 48, and is determined according to the processing precision, the first-stage pulse tube (11) and the rear resistance thereof; a through hole II (12) with the diameter of 3mm is arranged at the central line of the conical slit II (13), and the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the through hole II are respectively flush with the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the conical slit II (13); a second circular channel (7) is milled right above the second conical slit body (13), the diameter of the circumference of the second circular channel is slightly larger than that of the upper end face of the second conical slit body (13), and one end of the second circular channel is communicated with the first circular channel (6); and a plug (8) is arranged on the right side of the first channel (6), so that a channel type cold end heat exchanger of the air coupling pulse tube refrigerator is formed together.
2. A method of implementing a channel cold end heat exchanger of an air-coupled pulse tube refrigerator of claim 1, wherein:
the first heat exchanger shell (1) and the second heat exchanger shell (9) are both made of red copper, a first conical slit body (17) is cut in the first heat exchanger shell (1) by using a slow-walking wire cutting technology, and the diameter of the large end face of the first conical slit body (17) is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the first-stage regenerator (16), and the diameter of the small end face of the first conical slit body (17) is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the second-stage regenerator (3); a second conical slit body (13) is cut in the second heat exchanger shell (9) by using a slow-moving wire cutting technology, the diameter of the large end face of the second conical slit body (13) is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the first-stage pulse tube (11), and the diameter of the small end face of the second conical slit body is about 8 mm; hollow through holes I (4) and hollow through holes II (12) are respectively arranged at the centers of the conical slit body I (17) and the conical slit body II (13), and the slit of the conical slit body I (17) is uniformly cut along the circumference of 240-270 degrees along the part of the circumference of the through hole I (14) which is not communicated with the channel I (6); the slit of the conical slit body II (13) is uniformly cut around the through hole II (12) along the circumference of 360 degrees; the first-stage regenerator (16) is inserted into the first heat exchanger shell (1) by 7mm, a second annular base (15) is arranged in a gap part between the first-stage regenerator and the first heat exchanger shell (1), and the second annular base (15) is tightly attached to the first-stage regenerator (16) and a groove at the root part of the lower end surface of the first heat exchanger shell (1); the second-stage regenerator (3) is inserted into the first heat exchanger shell (1) for 6mm, a first annular base (2) is arranged in the gap part between the first and second-stage regenerators, and the first annular base (2) is tightly attached to the second-stage regenerator (3) and a groove at the root of the upper end surface of the first heat exchanger shell (1); the first-stage pulse tube (11) is inserted into the second heat exchanger shell (9) by 6mm, a third annular base (10) is arranged in the gap part between the first-stage pulse tube and the second heat exchanger shell (9), and the third annular base (10) is tightly attached to the first-stage pulse tube (11) and a groove on the root part of the lower end face of the second heat exchanger shell (9); the plug (8) is made of red copper, the right end face of the plug is flush with the right side face of the first heat exchanger shell (1), and the left end face of the plug is connected with the side face of the second channel (7); the diameter of the second channel (7) is slightly larger than that of the second conical slit body (13), one side of the second channel is communicated with the first channel (6), and the axis of the second channel coincides with that of the second through hole (12); the left side of the first channel (6) is communicated with the first through hole (4); a second laminar flow element (18), a first laminar flow element (5) and a third laminar flow element (14) which are about 2.5mm thick are respectively arranged between the first-stage regenerator (16) and the first heat exchanger shell (1), between the second-stage regenerator (3) and the first heat exchanger shell (1) and between the first-stage pulse tube (11) and the second heat exchanger shell (9); two end faces of each annular base, the first heat exchanger shell (1), the second heat exchanger shell (9) and the first heat exchanger shell (1) and the plug (8) are welded along the circumference by a clean brazing technology; the connection among the first-stage regenerator (16), the second-stage regenerator (3), the first-stage pulse tube (11), the first heat exchanger shell (1) and the second heat exchanger shell (9) is realized, so that the channel type cold end heat exchanger of the gas coupling pulse tube refrigerator is formed.
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