CN113153769A - Centrifugal hydrogen circulating pump - Google Patents
Centrifugal hydrogen circulating pump Download PDFInfo
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- CN113153769A CN113153769A CN202110235969.7A CN202110235969A CN113153769A CN 113153769 A CN113153769 A CN 113153769A CN 202110235969 A CN202110235969 A CN 202110235969A CN 113153769 A CN113153769 A CN 113153769A
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- impeller
- volute
- adapter
- sealing
- hydrogen
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- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 110
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 110
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 107
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 abstract description 24
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 210000000078 claw Anatomy 0.000 description 8
- 238000005536 corrosion prevention Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004308 accommodation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D17/00—Radial-flow pumps, e.g. centrifugal pumps; Helico-centrifugal pumps
- F04D17/08—Centrifugal pumps
- F04D17/10—Centrifugal pumps for compressing or evacuating
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
- F04D25/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
- F04D25/06—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/02—Selection of particular materials
- F04D29/023—Selection of particular materials especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/05—Shafts or bearings, or assemblies thereof, specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
- F04D29/056—Bearings
- F04D29/059—Roller bearings
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/06—Lubrication
- F04D29/063—Lubrication specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/08—Sealings
- F04D29/083—Sealings especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/08—Sealings
- F04D29/16—Sealings between pressure and suction sides
- F04D29/161—Sealings between pressure and suction sides especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
- F04D29/162—Sealings between pressure and suction sides especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps of a centrifugal flow wheel
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/26—Rotors specially for elastic fluids
- F04D29/28—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for centrifugal or helico-centrifugal pumps for radial-flow or helico-centrifugal pumps
- F04D29/284—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for centrifugal or helico-centrifugal pumps for radial-flow or helico-centrifugal pumps for compressors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/26—Rotors specially for elastic fluids
- F04D29/28—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for centrifugal or helico-centrifugal pumps for radial-flow or helico-centrifugal pumps
- F04D29/30—Vanes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/40—Casings; Connections of working fluid
- F04D29/42—Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps
- F04D29/4206—Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/58—Cooling; Heating; Diminishing heat transfer
- F04D29/582—Cooling; Heating; Diminishing heat transfer specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
- F04D29/584—Cooling; Heating; Diminishing heat transfer specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps cooling or heating the machine
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/58—Cooling; Heating; Diminishing heat transfer
- F04D29/582—Cooling; Heating; Diminishing heat transfer specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
- F04D29/5853—Cooling; Heating; Diminishing heat transfer specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps heat insulation or conduction
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
Abstract
A centrifugal hydrogen circulating pump comprises a volute, an impeller, an adapter, a pump shell, a motor stator and a motor rotor; the volute comprises an axial air inlet arranged at the center of the volute and a tangential exhaust pipe arranged in the circumferential direction of the volute, and the impeller is driven by the rotating shaft to accelerate and pressurize the gas and then discharge the gas from the tangential exhaust pipe; the impeller and the rotating shaft are in floating suspension connection with the adapter through the ceramic bearing and the bearing steel bushing, an O-shaped sealing ring is arranged between the bearing steel bushing and the adapter, sealing is effectively achieved, and vibration caused by unbalance of the rotor and high-frequency and low-frequency excitation caused by unsteady flow of air flow in the rotor component are avoided. So that the flow requirement of a high-power fuel cell system with 60kW or more can be met. Aiming at the characteristic of large working medium humidity and temperature change range under the complex multi-phase medium environment, the obstruction of the accumulated water in the flow field to the air flow is effectively prevented, the output current density of the cell is improved, and the stability of the output voltage of the hydrogen fuel cell is kept.
Description
The invention belongs to the technical field of fuel cell power systems, and particularly relates to a centrifugal hydrogen circulating pump.
Background
As a real clean energy source with zero emission, the application of hydrogen fuel cells to automobiles is rapidly developing. Hydrogen fuel cells are produced by electrochemical reactions rather than by combustion (gasoline, diesel) or stored energy (batteries). Combustion releases pollutants like COx, NOx, SOx gases and dust. Whereas hydrogen fuel cells produce only water and heat. If the hydrogen is generated by renewable energy sources (photovoltaic panels, wind power generation, etc.), the whole cycle is a complete process without generating harmful emissions. The hydrogen fuel cell operates quietly, and the noise is only about 55 dB. This makes the hydrogen fuel cell suitable for indoor installation or for installation outdoors where there is a limit to noise. Namely, the hydrogen fuel cell has the advantages of no pollution, no noise and high efficiency.
The hydrogen fuel cell operates on the principle that hydrogen enters the fuel cell from the anode and oxygen (or air) enters the fuel cell from the cathode. Through the action of the catalyst, the hydrogen molecules at the anode are decomposed into two protons (proton) and two electrons (electron), wherein the protons are "attracted" to the other side of the membrane by oxygen, and the electrons form current through an external circuit and then reach the cathode. After the fuel cell reacts, a part of hydrogen is not converted, and the combustible and explosive gas is discharged into the air, which not only wastes energy, but also greatly reduces the energy conversion efficiency of the hydrogen fuel cell system. With the development of a hydrogen fuel cell system of a new energy automobile, the requirement on the energy conversion efficiency of the fuel cell automobile is higher and higher, and the recycling of hydrogen discharged after cell reaction becomes important. The hydrogen circulation pump is an indispensable part of the hydrogen fuel cell.
In 2006 Ogura Industrial Corp (small warehouse industries group) collaborated with barrerd (Ballard) power company, canada, to develop a hydrogen circulation pump, the prototype being based on its original air compressor TX series of products. The TX series air compressor is a roots compressor and uses a dc brushless motor as a driving motor. The hydrogen circulation pump developed by Ogura Industrial corp was successfully applied to the passenger car developed by Ballard. In order to prevent the corrosion of the aluminum shell and the steel rotor in a water vapor and hydrogen environment, the rotor and the shell are protected by coatings. The hydrogen circulating pump of Toyota corporation is designed on the basis of the air compressor of Mirai fuel cell automobile. The compressor type is also roots type, and the hydrogen corrosion prevention mode and the sealing mode are similar to those of Ogura Industrial Corp. Although the roots hydrogen circulating pump is low in cost and high in reliability, due to structural limitation, the roots hydrogen circulating pump is low in energy efficiency, particularly under the condition of high discharge pressure ratio, the noise is large, and the noise requirement of the whole vehicle is difficult to meet under the condition of high power and large flow. In addition, most bearings of the roots-type hydrogen circulating pump are lubricated by oil, the sealing requirement is high, and the possibility of oil pollution exists.
The main product of the American Air Squared is a vortex type Air compressor, and a vortex type hydrogen circulating pump is developed on the basis of the vortex type Air compressor to replace a diaphragm type hydrogen circulating pump (the diaphragm type hydrogen circulating pump has small flow, is not suitable for the working condition of small pressure ratio to large flow, has low diaphragm service life, and can only be used under the oil-free condition). The design also adopts a direct current brushless motor, and the surface coating prevents hydrogen corrosion. But has the disadvantage of a small flow and, with an equivalent flow, a very high weight. Meanwhile, the radial clearance and the axial clearance are too small, which is also a problem to be considered by the vortex type hydrogen circulating pump; research results show that the axial clearance and the radial clearance have great influence on the performance of the scroll type hydrogen pump. The rotation speed and pressure ratio also have a great influence on the scroll type hydrogen pump, far exceeding other forms of hydrogen circulation pumps under the same conditions.
German Puxu (Busch) company is known to produce claw type compressors and vacuum pumps, and develops a claw type small flow hydrogen circulating pump on the basis of the claw type small flow hydrogen circulating pump, the driving of the claw type small flow hydrogen circulating pump is a high-speed direct current brushless motor, the surface of a rotor and the shell of the compressor are protected by coatings, the claw type small flow hydrogen circulating pump is already applied to various hydrogen fuel cell automobiles, and the claw type small flow hydrogen circulating pump has the advantages of high reliability and compact structure, but a better claw type pump tooth form needs to be designed to balance the compression ratio and the performance; the defect is that the sealing performance is poor because the principle of clearance sealing is adopted under the oil-free condition; in addition, noise and vibration of the claw booster pump are problems to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a centrifugal hydrogen circulating pump, which is designed by adopting a parametric design and optimization method and combining a flow control means to carry out high-efficiency and wide-surge-margin centrifugal compression hydrogen circulating pump aiming at the characteristic of large working medium humidity and temperature change range under a complex multi-phase medium environment, particularly, a ceramic bearing is carried by using a bearing steel sleeve, and a plurality of O-shaped sealing rings are arranged between the bearing steel sleeve and an adapter, so that not only is sealing effectively realized, but also the problems of vibration caused by rotor unbalance and high-frequency and low-frequency excitation caused by unsteady flow of air flow in a rotor component are solved.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a centrifugal hydrogen circulating pump is characterized by comprising a volute, an impeller, an adapter, a pump shell, a motor stator and a motor rotor, wherein the motor stator and the motor rotor are arranged in the pump shell; the volute comprises an axial air inlet arranged at the center of the volute and a tangential exhaust pipe arranged in the circumferential direction of the volute, and the impeller is driven by the rotor rotating shaft to accelerate and pressurize the gas at the axial air inlet and then discharge the gas from the tangential exhaust pipe; an impeller accommodating hole and a bearing steel sleeve accommodating hole are sequentially formed in one end, close to the volute, of the adapter, the impeller is arranged in the impeller accommodating hole, the impeller and the rotating shaft are in floating suspension connection with the adapter through a ceramic bearing and a bearing steel sleeve in the bearing steel sleeve accommodating hole, an axial gap exists between the bottom of the impeller accommodating hole and a bottom plate of the impeller, the bearing steel sleeve is fixed on the adapter, and the top end of the bearing steel sleeve is flush with the bottom of the impeller accommodating hole; and a plurality of O-shaped sealing rings are arranged between the bearing steel sleeve and the adapter.
Preferably, the impeller comprises blades, a blade bearing disc and a sealing disc, the blades are uniformly distributed at one end, facing the axial air inlet, of the blade bearing disc around the rotation axis of the impeller, the blades are flat, the tops of the blades are in smooth curved surface transition connection, and the matching surface, matched with the top contour line of the impeller blades, in the volute is formed by three sections of circular arcs in sequence in smooth transition connection; and a gap exists between the matching surface of the volute and the blade top contour line of the impeller blade.
Preferably, the volute is attached with a deicing heating device at least at the outer surface opposite to the matching surface of the volute, the deicing heating device comprises a heat tracing band or a heating ring or a patch type heating resistor, and the deicing heating device can be attached to the outside of the volute or embedded in the wall of the volute; a water channel can be arranged in the wall of the volute, and the volute is heated by using circulating cooling water of a vehicle engine; the on-off of the deicing heating device is controlled through temperature data collected by a temperature sensor and received by a circulating pump controller.
Preferably, there is at least 0.5mm axial clearance between the bottom of the impeller-receiving bore and the bottom surface of the sealing disk.
Preferably, the sealing disc is coaxially arranged at one end of the blade bearing disc far away from the blade; the circumferential surface of the sealing disc is provided with sealing teeth, and the sealing teeth and the adapter seat are in clearance fit to form tooth-shaped sealing; the sealing teeth comprise triangular sealing teeth or sawtooth sealing teeth or trapezoidal sealing teeth; the number of the sealing teeth comprises 5-10, and/or the gap between the tooth top of the sealing teeth and the adapter is 0.3-0.5 mm.
Preferably, the inner surfaces of the volute and the adapter, and the outer surfaces of the impeller and the rotating shaft are coated with hydrogen corrosion resistant coatings; the impeller is driven by the rotating shaft to rotate, a shaft hole is formed in the axis position of the impeller, and the rotating shaft is fixed and positioned in the shaft hole; the shaft hole comprises a first unthreaded hole arranged on the side of the blade bearing disc and a positioning unthreaded hole which is arranged on the side of the sealing disc and has an inner diameter larger than that of the first unthreaded hole, and a threaded part and a positioning disc are arranged at the free end of the rotating shaft; the threaded part is screwed out of the shaft hole, and after the blade side is screwed and fastened with a double-nut structure, the positioning disc is just positioned in the positioning unthreaded hole; the positioning plate is fixed on the rotating shaft through at least two positioning pins which are arranged in a centrosymmetric manner; the screwing direction of the double-nut structure is opposite to the rotating direction of the impeller during working.
Preferably, the ceramic bearing is a double-sided sealed angular contact ball bearing that is air permeable but does not spill grease during operation.
Preferably, the rotating shaft is made of a hard material which ensures that excessive deformation does not occur during high-speed rotation.
Preferably, a gap between the motor stator and the motor rotor is provided with a hydrogen corrosion prevention lining, the hydrogen corrosion prevention lining extends to the adapter and the rear end cover of the pump shell, and O-shaped sealing rings are arranged between the hydrogen corrosion prevention lining and the adapter and the rear end cover of the pump shell.
Preferably, the outer side of the winding of the motor stator is coated with insulating epoxy heat-conducting glue for transmitting heat to the pump shell, the pump shell comprises a shell inner sleeve and a shell outer sleeve, a spiral cooling water channel is arranged between the shell inner sleeve and the shell outer sleeve, and a liquid inlet hole and a liquid outlet hole of the spiral cooling water channel are respectively connected with a liquid inlet pipeline and a liquid outlet pipeline through O-shaped sealing rings.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. the centrifugal hydrogen circulating pump is designed by adopting a parametric design and optimization method aiming at the characteristic of large working medium humidity and temperature change range under a complex multi-phase medium environment and combining a flow control means to carry out high-efficiency and wide-surge-margin centrifugal compression hydrogen circulating pump, particularly, a ceramic bearing is carried by a bearing steel sleeve, and a plurality of O-shaped sealing rings are arranged between the bearing steel sleeve and the adapter, so that not only is sealing effectively realized, but also the problems of vibration caused by unbalance of a rotor and high-frequency and low-frequency excitation caused by unsteady flow of air flow in the rotor component can be solved. The centrifugal compression structure is adopted, so that the centrifugal compression structure can be applied to a hydrogen circulation power system with the flow requirement of 1400 standard liters per minute in a bipolar plate structure in a high-power vehicle-mounted fuel cell system with the power of 60kW or more, and the efficiency reaches more than 55%.
2. According to the centrifugal hydrogen circulating pump, the blades are uniformly distributed on one end, facing the axial air inlet, of the blade bearing disc around the rotation axis of the impeller, the blades are flat, the tops of the blades are in smooth curved surface transition connection, and the matching surface, matched with the blade top contour line of the impeller blades, in the volute is formed by sequentially and smoothly connecting three sections of circular arcs; and the fitting surface of spiral case with there is 0.5 mm's clearance between the tip contour line of impeller blade, can effectively prevent the hindrance of flow field ponding to the air current, make hydrogen change in the homogeneous diffusion to make the electricity generation in every piece of battery more even, the voltage difference between each piece of battery is littleer in the heap. The output current density of the cell can be improved, and the stability of the output voltage of the hydrogen fuel cell can be maintained.
3. According to the centrifugal hydrogen circulating pump, the deicing heating device is attached to the outer surface of the volute at least opposite to the matching surface of the volute, a water channel can be arranged in the wall of the volute, and circulating cooling water of a vehicle engine is used for heating the volute; the on-off of the deicing heating device is controlled through temperature data collected by a temperature sensor and received by a circulating pump controller, and the hydrogen working medium compression parameter requirements under the complex multi-phase medium (hydrogen, moisture and possibly solid ice during starting) environment can be met.
4. The centrifugal hydrogen circulating pump adopts the ceramic bearing which is silent, oilless, hydrogen corrosion resistant and excellent in sealing performance (the special sealing structure of the herringbone double-lip sealing cover can ensure that the bearing is ventilated in the operation process but lubricating grease cannot overflow and ensure that the lubricating grease of the bearing cannot seep into the hydrogen circulating pump in the operation process), so that a motor rotor can rotate at a high speed and does not generate shaft current, and the 100% oilless environment in the hydrogen circulating pump is realized. Has obvious advantages in volume, efficiency, noise level and safety.
5. According to the centrifugal hydrogen circulating pump, parts which are possibly contacted with hydrogen, such as the inner surfaces of the volute and the adapter, the outer surfaces of the impeller and the rotating shaft and the like, are coated with the hydrogen corrosion prevention coating, so that hydrogen leakage can be prevented, and damage such as hydrogen embrittlement and hydrogen corrosion to the impeller and the rotor under the condition of high-speed operation can be prevented.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view of a hydrogen circulation pump according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the hydrogen circulation pump of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a partially enlarged schematic configuration view of the hydrogen circulation pump shown in fig. 1 at a position N;
fig. 4 is a partially enlarged schematic view of the hydrogen circulation pump shown in fig. 1 at a position M;
FIG. 5 is a schematic sectional view of an impeller of the hydrogen circulation pump of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the end face structure of an impeller of the hydrogen circulation pump of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of a fixing and positioning manner between an impeller and a rotating shaft of the hydrogen circulation pump of the present invention.
The reference numbers are listed below: 1-volute, 11-fitting surface, 12-axial air inlet, 13-tangential exhaust pipe, 2-impeller, 21-blade, 22-blade bearing disc, 23-sealing disc, 231-sealing tooth, 3-adapter, 4-pump shell, 41-rear end cover, 42-shell inner sleeve, 43-shell outer sleeve, 44-liquid inlet pipeline, 45-liquid outlet pipeline, 5-motor stator, 6-motor rotor, 61-rotating shaft, 611-threaded part, 612-positioning disc, 613-positioning pin, 62-fastening nut, 7-ceramic bearing, 71-bearing steel sleeve, 72-bearing retainer ring, 73-fastening bolt, 8-deicing heating device, 9-sealing ring and 10-hydrogen corrosion-proof lining.
Detailed Description
To facilitate an understanding of the invention, the invention is described in more detail below with reference to figures 1-7 and the specific examples.
A centrifugal hydrogen circulating pump, as shown in fig. 1-4, comprising a volute 1, an impeller 2, an adapter 3, a pump shell 4, and a motor stator 5 and a motor rotor 6 arranged inside the pump shell 4; the volute 1 comprises an axial air inlet 12 arranged at the center of the volute and a tangential exhaust pipe 13 arranged at the periphery of the volute, and a sealing ring 9 (such as an O-shaped ring) is adopted between the volute 1 and the adapter 3 for sealing to prevent hydrogen leakage. The impeller 2 is driven by the rotor rotating shaft 61 to accelerate and pressurize the gas at the axial gas inlet 12 and then discharge the gas from the tangential gas discharge pipe 13; the adapter 3 is close to the one end of spiral case 1 is equipped with impeller holding hole and bearing steel bushing holding hole in proper order, impeller 2 locates in the impeller holding hole, and through become to the ceramic bearing 7 and the bearing steel bushing 71 floating suspension that set up in the bearing steel bushing holding hole and in the rear end housing 41 connect in adapter 3 with rear end housing 41, ceramic bearing 7 can block the axle current that produces the shaft voltage and bring because of the high-speed rotation of motor rotor produces the magnetic flux response with motor stator on the pivot 61. The bearing steel sleeve 71 is fixed on the adapter 3, and the top end of the bearing steel sleeve 71 is flush with the bottom of the impeller accommodating hole; at least 0.5mm of axial clearance exists between the bottom of impeller accommodation hole and the bottom plate face of impeller 2 to the location installation and the stable high-efficient rotation of impeller 2 are convenient for. Bearing steel bushing 71 with be equipped with a plurality of O type sealing washer 9 between the adapter 3, O type sealing washer 9 is in the circumference of bearing steel bushing 71 is sealed, and can set up a plurality of O type sealing washers 9 along its axial, not only effectively realizes sealed, can also solve the vibration that the rotor unbalance leads to and the high, low frequency excitation that the unsteady flow of air current in the rotor part brought. The centrifugal hydrogen circulating pump adopts a centrifugal compression structure, can meet the hydrogen recycling requirement that the flow requirement in a vehicle-mounted fuel cell system is 1400 standard liters per minute and has the efficiency of more than 55 percent, wherein the flow requirement in the vehicle-mounted fuel cell system is more than 60 kW.
Preferably, the impeller 2 comprises blades 21, blade-carrying discs 22 and sealing discs 23 as shown in fig. 4 to 6, and comprises the blades 21, the blade-carrying discs 22 and the sealing discs 23, wherein the blades 21 are uniformly arranged at one end of the blade-carrying disc 22 facing the axial gas inlet 12 around the rotation axis of the impeller 2, and the sealing discs 23 are coaxially arranged at the other end of the blade-carrying disc 22; the vanes 21, vane carrier disc 22 and sealing disc 23 are typically of unitary construction. The blade 21 is flat, the top of the blade is formed by smooth curved surface transition connection, and the matching surface of the interior of the volute 1 matched with the contour line of the blade top of the blade 21 is formed by three sections of circular arcs which are sequentially connected in a smooth transition way; and a clearance exists between the matching surface 11 of the volute 1 and the tip contour line of the blade 21. The volute 1 is affixed with de-icing heating means 8 at least at the outer surface opposite to the mating face 11. The deicing heating device 8 comprises a heat tracing band, a heating ring or a patch type heating resistor, and can be attached to the outside of the volute 1 or embedded in the wall of the volute 1; a water channel can be arranged in the wall of the volute 1, and the volute 1 is heated by circulating cooling water of a vehicle engine; the on-off of the deicing heating device 8 is controlled through temperature data collected by a temperature sensor received by a circulating pump controller, when the temperature data collected by the temperature sensor received by the circulating pump controller is lower than a certain temperature set value T (the temperature is the temperature for judging the occurrence of ice blockage phenomenon), the circulating pump controller starts the deicing heating device 8 to heat the volute 1, the volute 1 is preferably made of a metal material with higher heat transfer efficiency, and because the clearance between the volute 1 and the impeller 2 is smaller and generally 0.5mm, when the heating is carried out for a certain time T, ice in the clearance can be rapidly melted, so that the temperature of the position is improved, and then the circulating pump controller judges the situation of no blockage rotation, and stops heating. On the basis of realizing non-contact pressurization, the hydrogen circulating pump provided by the invention considers the pneumatic efficiency of pressurization, and simultaneously designs the deicing heating device 8, so that the problem of locked rotor caused by icing is solved, the control difficulty of the hydrogen circulating pump is reduced, and the service life of the hydrogen circulating pump is prolonged.
Preferably, the blades 21 of the impeller 2 are flat and have a height in the axial direction (axial direction of the rotating shaft) smaller than the length of the radial extension according to the aerodynamic design requirement, as shown in fig. 5 to 6, when the blade bearing disc 22 extends from the center position along the radial direction, the surface of the side where the blades 21 are located is slowly lowered to form a pattern of high in the middle and low in the axial direction, and the axial height of the blades 21 is slightly raised as the blades 21 are closer to the center position. The centrifugal compressor of the hydrogen circulating pump has the advantages of compact overall structure, light weight, high reliability and low noise, and can meet the working condition requirements of high pressure ratio and large flow. In particular, the hydrogen circulation system can meet the use requirement of a hydrogen circulation system of a high-power fuel cell system with the power of more than 60 kW.
Preferably, the circumferential surface of the sealing disk 23 is provided with a sealing tooth 231, the sealing tooth 231 may be a triangular sealing tooth or a sawtooth sealing tooth or a trapezoidal sealing tooth, the number of the sealing teeth 231 is generally 5-10, the pitch is preferably 1mm, the position where the adapter 3 is matched with the sealing tooth 231 is a smooth hole, the adapter 3 is in clearance fit with the adapter 3 to form a tooth-shaped seal, and the clearance between the tooth top of the sealing tooth 231 and the adapter is preferably 0.3mm-0.5mm to prevent hydrogen in the compressor duct from leaking into the rear-end motor.
Preferably, the inner surfaces of the volute 1 and the adapter 3, and the outer surfaces of the impeller 2 and the rotating shaft 61 are coated with a hydrogen corrosion-proof coating; so as to prevent hydrogen gas from leaking out and simultaneously prevent the impeller 2 from being damaged by hydrogen embrittlement, hydrogen corrosion and the like under the condition of high-speed operation. The impeller 2 is driven by a rotating shaft 61 to rotate, a shaft hole is formed in the axis position of the impeller 2, and the rotating shaft 61 is fixed and positioned in the shaft hole; the impeller shaft hole can be designed into a stepped hole, a first unthreaded hole with a short radius is arranged on the side where the blade bearing disc 22 is arranged, and a positioning unthreaded hole with a long radius is arranged on the side where the sealing disc 23 is arranged.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 1 and 7, the free end (left end in fig. 1 and 7) of the rotating shaft 61 is provided with a threaded portion 611 and a positioning plate 612; the thread part 611 is screwed out of the shaft hole 24, and after the blade 21 side is screwed and fastened with the fastening nut 62 with a double nut structure, the positioning disc 612 is just positioned at the step of the positioning unthreaded hole. At this time, the fastening nut 62 having a double nut structure is tightened to the screw portion 611 to press the impeller 2 against the positioning plate 612, thereby preventing the impeller 2 from rotating relatively to the shaft on the rotating shaft 7. The tightening direction of the fastening nut 62 of the double nut structure is opposite to the rotation direction of the impeller during operation.
Preferably, the positioning plate 612 is fixed to the rotating shaft 61 by at least two positioning pins 613 arranged in a central symmetry. Two symmetrical positioning spherical counter bores are arranged on the rotating shaft 61, and the positioning disc 612 cannot move relative to the rotating shaft 61 in the axial direction and the radial direction due to the action of the positioning pin 613. This structure is applicable to the condition that pivot 61 is thinner (pivot diameter is less promptly), because of the diameter of the axle is thinner, adopts the shaft shoulder to compress tightly fixed impeller 2, and its area of contact is less, can't fix impeller 2. Therefore, the contact surface between the positioning disk 612 and the positioning light hole of the impeller 2 is enlarged by adopting the structure, and the positioning reliability is improved.
Preferably, the rotating shaft 61 is a hard material that ensures that the ceramic bearing 7 does not excessively deform when rotating at high speed.
Preferably, a hydrogen corrosion prevention lining 10 is arranged in a gap between the motor stator 5 and the motor rotor 6, the hydrogen corrosion prevention lining 10 extends to the adapter 3 and the rear end cover 41 of the pump housing 4, and O-ring seals 9 are arranged between the hydrogen corrosion prevention lining 10 and the adapter 3 and the rear end cover 41 of the pump housing 4.
Preferably, the winding outside cladding of motor stator 5 have the insulating epoxy heat conduction glue of heat transmission to pump case 4, pump case 4 includes casing endotheca 42 and casing overcoat 43, casing endotheca 42 with be equipped with spiral cooling water course between the casing overcoat 43, the feed liquor hole and the play liquid hole of spiral cooling water course are respectively through O type sealing washer connection inlet pipe 44 and play liquid pipeline 45.
Preferably, the bearing steel sleeve 71 is fixed on the adapter 3, and a free end (an end close to the impeller 2) of the bearing steel sleeve 71 is flush with the bottom of the impeller accommodating hole 31; ceramic bearing 7 is double-sided sealed angular contact formula ball bearing, adopts non-contact double-sided seal form, and its sealing member structure is for realizing labyrinth seal's two lip seal lid formula seal structure of chevron shape, and this kind of seal structure guarantees that ceramic bearing can take a breath but lubricating grease can not overflow in the operation in-process, and then guarantees that bearing lubricating grease can not ooze inside the hydrogen circulating pump at the operation in-process for the hydrogen circulating pump is in 100% oilless environment.
The inner ring of the ceramic bearing 7 is in interference fit with the rotating shaft 61. The bearing steel sleeve 71 and the outer ring of the ceramic bearing 7 are assembled in a transition fit mode and are fixed on the adapter 3 through a fastening bolt 73. One end of the outer ring of the ceramic bearing 7 is fixed by a bearing retainer ring 72. The inner ring and the outer ring of the high-speed ceramic bearing 7 are made of high-strength hard stainless steel materials, the hardness of the bearing chamber material of the bearing steel sleeve 71 is close to that of the outer ring of the ceramic bearing 7, the ceramic bearing 7 can be guaranteed to rotate and have a service life, the bearing steel sleeve 71 serves as the bearing chamber and is fixed on the adapter 3, the adapter 3 can be made of metal materials with small density, the matching hardness of the outer ring of the ceramic bearing 7 is guaranteed, and the weight of a product is reduced.
It should be noted that the above-described embodiments may enable those skilled in the art to more fully understand the present invention, but do not limit the present invention in any way. Therefore, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the drawings and examples, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A centrifugal hydrogen circulating pump is characterized by comprising a volute, an impeller, an adapter, a pump shell, a motor stator and a motor rotor, wherein the motor stator and the motor rotor are arranged in the pump shell; the volute comprises an axial air inlet arranged at the center of the volute and a tangential exhaust pipe arranged in the circumferential direction of the volute, and the impeller is driven by the rotor rotating shaft to accelerate and pressurize the gas at the axial air inlet and then discharge the gas from the tangential exhaust pipe; an impeller accommodating hole and a bearing steel sleeve accommodating hole are sequentially formed in one end, close to the volute, of the adapter, the impeller is arranged in the impeller accommodating hole, the impeller and the rotating shaft are in floating suspension connection with the adapter through a ceramic bearing and a bearing steel sleeve in the bearing steel sleeve accommodating hole, an axial gap exists between the bottom of the impeller accommodating hole and a bottom plate of the impeller, the bearing steel sleeve is fixed on the adapter, and the top end of the bearing steel sleeve is flush with the bottom of the impeller accommodating hole; and a plurality of O-shaped sealing rings are arranged between the bearing steel sleeve and the adapter.
2. The centrifugal hydrogen circulation pump according to claim 1, wherein the impeller includes blades, a blade bearing disc and a sealing disc, the blades are uniformly arranged on one end of the blade bearing disc facing the axial gas inlet around the rotation axis of the impeller, the blades are flat, the tops of the blades are formed by smooth curved surface transition connection, and the matching surface of the inside of the volute and the top contour line of the impeller blades is formed by three circular arcs which are sequentially connected in smooth transition; and a gap exists between the matching surface of the volute and the blade top contour line of the impeller blade.
3. The centrifugal compressor of the hydrogen circulation pump according to claim 1, wherein the deicing heating device comprises a heat tracing band or a heating ring or a patch type heating resistor attached to the outside of the volute or embedded in the wall of the volute; and/or the deicing heating device comprises a circulating water channel arranged in the volute wall, and the circulating water channel is connected with circulating cooling water of a vehicle engine; the on-off of the deicing heating device is controlled through temperature data collected by a temperature sensor and received by a circulating pump controller.
4. The centrifugal hydrogen circulation pump of claim 2, wherein there is at least a 0.5mm axial clearance between the bottom of the impeller-receiving hole and the bottom surface of the sealing disk.
5. The centrifugal hydrogen circulation pump of claim 2 or 4, wherein the sealing disc is coaxially arranged at an end of the blade carrying disc remote from the blades; the circumferential surface of the sealing disc is provided with sealing teeth, and the sealing teeth and the adapter seat are in clearance fit to form tooth-shaped sealing; the sealing teeth comprise triangular sealing teeth or sawtooth sealing teeth or trapezoidal sealing teeth; and/or the number of the sealing teeth comprises 5-10, and/or the clearance between the tooth top of the sealing teeth and the adapter is 0.3-0.5 mm.
6. The centrifugal hydrogen circulation pump of claim 2, wherein the inner surfaces of the volute and the adapter, and the outer surfaces of the impeller and the shaft, are coated with a hydrogen corrosion resistant coating; the impeller is driven by the rotating shaft to rotate, a shaft hole is formed in the axis position of the impeller, and the rotating shaft is fixed and positioned in the shaft hole; the shaft hole comprises a first unthreaded hole arranged on the side of the blade bearing disc and a positioning unthreaded hole which is arranged on the side of the sealing disc and has an inner diameter larger than that of the first unthreaded hole, and a threaded part and a positioning disc are arranged at the free end of the rotating shaft; the threaded part is screwed out of the shaft hole, and after the blade side is screwed and fastened with a double-nut structure, the positioning disc is just positioned in the positioning unthreaded hole; the positioning plate is fixed on the rotating shaft through at least two positioning pins which are arranged in a centrosymmetric manner; the screwing direction of the double-nut structure is opposite to the rotating direction of the impeller during working.
7. The centrifugal hydrogen circulation pump of claim 1, wherein the ceramic bearings are double-sided sealed angular contact ball bearings that are air exchangeable but do not spill grease during operation.
8. The centrifugal hydrogen circulation pump of claim 1, wherein the shaft is a hard material that ensures high speed rotation without excessive deformation.
9. The centrifugal hydrogen circulation pump according to claim 1, wherein a gap between the motor stator and the motor rotor is provided with a hydrogen corrosion-proof lining, the hydrogen corrosion-proof lining extends to the adapter and the rear end cover of the pump housing, and an O-ring is arranged between the hydrogen corrosion-proof lining and the adapter and the rear end cover of the pump housing.
10. The centrifugal hydrogen circulation pump according to claim 1, wherein the outside of the winding of the motor stator is covered with an insulating epoxy heat-conducting adhesive for transferring heat to the pump casing, the pump casing comprises a casing inner sleeve and a casing outer sleeve, a spiral cooling water channel is arranged between the casing inner sleeve and the casing outer sleeve, and a liquid inlet hole and a liquid outlet hole of the spiral cooling water channel are respectively connected with a liquid inlet pipeline and a liquid outlet pipeline through O-shaped sealing rings.
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| EP4353974A1 (en) * | 2022-10-14 | 2024-04-17 | Cummins, Inc. | Hydrogen recirculation pump heating and sealing assemblies and methods |
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