CN113147045A - Aluminum alloy plastic friction stir welding connection method and clamping fixture - Google Patents
Aluminum alloy plastic friction stir welding connection method and clamping fixture Download PDFInfo
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- CN113147045A CN113147045A CN202110481900.2A CN202110481900A CN113147045A CN 113147045 A CN113147045 A CN 113147045A CN 202110481900 A CN202110481900 A CN 202110481900A CN 113147045 A CN113147045 A CN 113147045A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/06—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using friction, e.g. spin welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/08—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
- B29C65/16—Laser beams
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/78—Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus
- B29C65/7841—Holding or clamping means for handling purposes
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- Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
- Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a friction stir welding connection method of aluminum alloy plastics and a clamping fixture, wherein the friction stir welding connection method of the aluminum alloy plastics comprises the following steps: firstly, polishing the surface of an aluminum alloy plate and carrying out laser etching pretreatment on a lap joint interface of the aluminum alloy plate; assembling the ultrasonic vibration head below the welding joint by using a clamping fixture and performing friction stir welding on the upper surface of the welding joint; and (III) carrying out laser post-treatment on the welded sample. The method for the friction stir welding connection of the aluminum alloy plastic adopts a mode of combining ultrasonic vibration with friction stir welding and laser welding connection, bubbles generated in the welding process are scattered or vibrated out of a molten pool, and the heat in the molten pool is uniformly distributed by the vibration of the ultrasonic wave. The clamping fixture can not only tightly assemble the welding parent metal and the ultrasonic vibration head together, but also ensure the tight contact between the welding parent metal.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a friction stir welding connection method for aluminum alloy plastic and a clamping fixture, belonging to the technical field of welding of aluminum/plastic dissimilar materials.
Background
Aluminum alloys are widely used in vehicles, aviation, and ships due to their light weight, good ductility and toughness, and good corrosion resistance, while thermoplastics have good processability, fatigue resistance, corrosion resistance, and higher specific strength. The connection of the aluminum alloy and the thermoplastic can greatly reduce the quality of engineering components, realize the concepts of light weight and green development, and simultaneously combine the advantages of the aluminum alloy and the thermoplastic, thereby having very wide prospect in the fields of automobile and engineering application. In recent years, the connection methods of aluminum alloy and plastic are mainly adhesive connection, mechanical connection, welding and the like, wherein the adhesive connection has disadvantages such as long curing time, sensitivity to the temperature of the application environment, environmental pollution caused by the adhesive, and the mechanical connection such as riveting and the like has disadvantages such as strong stress concentration and extra weight, and the wide application of the two connection methods is limited due to the disadvantages. The two materials are connected by adopting a welding method, so that the integrity and the reliability of the joint can be ensured, certain chemical combination can be generated on the interface of the two materials through the thermal action, and the performance of the joint is effectively improved. In recent years, many researchers have proposed various welding methods for welding aluminum alloys and thermoplastics, such as laser welding and friction stir welding. The thermal action of the interface during welding also causes the plastic to decompose and generate bubbles, and more and larger bubbles in the interface cause the formability and mechanical properties of the joint to be seriously reduced, so that the accumulation and growth of bubbles in the welding process are necessary to be inhibited.
The invention discloses a method for ultrasonically assisting laser welding of dissimilar materials in patent publication No. CN107414291B and publication No. 2020.05.22, which utilizes the energy of ultrasonic waves to assist the laser welding process of dissimilar materials such as high polymer materials and ceramic or metal materials, the vibration of an ultrasonic vibration head continuously acts on the whole joint area, but the heat input amount of the laser welding process is high, a large number of air holes are easily generated in the welding process and are difficult to eliminate, the laser welding process does not have a tracking and pressurizing effect, a welding parent metal is restrained by clamps on two sides, the residual stress is large, the joint performance is not easy to release, and the joint performance is damaged.
The invention discloses an ultrasonic auxiliary friction stir welding tool and a welding method in patent application with application publication number CN106238901A and application publication number 2016.12.21, the method utilizes the energy of ultrasonic to assist the friction stir welding process, an ultrasonic vibration head is assembled at a part where the stirring head does not rotate, and the ultrasonic vibration head moves along with the stirring head to achieve the function of tracking vibration in real time, but the method is unstable, vibration energy of all parts of a joint is unevenly distributed due to the fact that the vibration head moves along with the stirring head, the action time is short, and the purpose of eliminating bubbles cannot be achieved.
In conclusion, the energy of ultrasonic vibration can effectively accelerate the decomposition and diffusion of bubbles in a molten pool, but the heat input amount of a laser welding process is high, and the bubbles cannot be tracked and pressurized, so that the bubbles are large in size and difficult to eliminate, the design of an ultrasonic auxiliary device of a friction stir welding process also has the problems of unstable energy and the like, and the problem of uneven distribution of the bonding force of an interface caused by a bent interface of a metal and plastic lap welding process is also needed to be solved. Thus, there is a need for improvements and developments in the existing processes and technologies.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the friction stir welding connection method for the aluminum alloy plastic and the clamping fixture.
The scheme is realized by the following technical measures: the method for connecting the aluminum alloy plastic by friction stir welding comprises the following steps:
polishing the surface of the aluminum alloy plate by using sand paper, and carrying out laser etching pretreatment on the lap joint interface: the lapping interface of the aluminum alloy plate after laser etching presents regular groove-shaped appearance;
assembling the ultrasonic vibration head below the welding joint by using a clamping fixture and carrying out friction stir welding on the upper surface of the welding joint: the welding joint is in a lap joint mode that an aluminum alloy plate is arranged above and a thermoplastic plastic plate is arranged below, the downward pressing amount of a stirring head adopted by friction stir welding is equal to the length of a stirring needle of the stirring head and is smaller than the plate thickness of the aluminum alloy plate, the molten thermoplastic plastic plate can be filled into a groove under the pressurizing action of the stirring head to form mechanical interlocking, the welding joint presents a bending interface after welding, the groove in the central part is widened, and the groove in the edge area is compressed;
(III) carrying out laser post-treatment on the welded sample: and performing low-power laser welding connection on the edge area of the curved interface by using laser beams, so that the thermoplastic plastic plate at the groove can be heated again to be melted and filled into the widened groove, and the ultrasonic vibration head continuously works in the laser post-treatment process.
Preferably, the laser power adopted by the laser etching is 10-80W, the frequency is 10-30KHz, the scanning speed is 500-2000mm/s, and the scanning interval is 50-400 μm.
Preferably, the welding speed of the friction stir welding is 100-1000mm/min, the rotation speed of the stirring head is 1000-2000rpm, the inclination angle of the stirring head relative to the vertical direction is 1-3 degrees, and the insertion residence time of the stirring head is 2-10 s.
Preferably, the thicknesses of the aluminum alloy plate and the thermoplastic plastic plate are both 1.5-4mm, and the length of the aluminum alloy plate and the width of the thermoplastic plastic plate are 75-200mm and 50-100 mm.
Preferably, the laser power used for the laser post-treatment is 100-.
Preferably, the scanning positions of the laser post-processing are positioned on two sides of a melt channel of the friction stir welding.
Preferably, the ultrasonic vibration head is kept in close contact with the welding joint during the laser post-treatment.
Preferably, the frequency of the ultrasonic vibration head is 10-20kHz, and the power is 1000-3000W; the bottom of ultrasonic vibration head has linked firmly the connecting rod, the bottom of connecting rod has linked firmly ladder discoid joint, the bottom of ladder discoid joint has linked firmly ultrasonic transducer, ultrasonic transducer provides the energy for ultrasonic vibration head.
The invention also provides a clamping fixture, which comprises a clamping shell and two pressure heads arranged on the front side and the rear side of the clamping shell;
the bottom of the clamping shell is fixedly connected with a supporting stand column, the bottom of the clamping shell is provided with a mounting hole matched with the small end of the stepped disc-shaped joint, the right side of the clamping shell is provided with a through hole matched with the shape of the ultrasonic vibration head in a penetrating manner, the top of the clamping shell is provided with an upper strip-shaped hole matched with the top of the ultrasonic vibration head, the right end of the upper strip-shaped hole is communicated with the through hole, a space is reserved between the left end of the upper strip-shaped hole and the left end of the clamping shell, the bottom of the clamping shell is provided with a lower strip-shaped hole matched with the connecting rod, and the left end and the right end of the lower strip-shaped hole are respectively communicated with the mounting hole and the through hole;
the pressing head comprises a gantry pressing plate, pulling pins are fixedly connected to the left end and the right end of the gantry pressing plate respectively, fixing pins are fixedly connected to the front end and the rear end of the left side and the right side of the clamping shell respectively, an extension spring is connected between each pulling pin and the corresponding fixing pin, and strip-shaped sliding holes in sliding fit with the corresponding fixing pins are formed in the left side and the right side of the gantry pressing plate respectively.
Preferably, the inner width of the gantry pressing plate is larger than the size of the aluminum alloy plate and the size of the thermoplastic plastic plate along the welding direction; the center line of the strip-shaped sliding hole in the length direction passes through the centers of the fixed pin and the pull pin; rubber pads are respectively fixed on the top surface of the clamping shell, the inner side surface of the gantry pressing plate and the periphery of the mounting hole in the inner bottom surface of the clamping shell.
The method has the advantages that in the method for connecting the aluminum alloy plastic by friction stir welding, the mode of combining ultrasonic vibration with friction stir welding and laser welding is adopted, bubbles generated by thermal decomposition of thermoplastic plastics in the welding process can be scattered or shaken out of a molten pool, the forming performance of a welding joint is effectively improved, meanwhile, the heat distribution in the molten pool is more uniform due to the vibration of ultrasonic waves, and the mechanical property of the welding joint is favorably improved. The clamping fixture disclosed by the invention can be used for tightly assembling the welding parent metal and the ultrasonic vibration head together, so that the ultrasonic vibration can track a welding pool, the instability of manually holding the ultrasonic vibration head is avoided, the tight contact between the welding parent metal can be ensured, the generation of a large amount of bubbles is prevented, and the performance of a welding joint can be effectively improved. Therefore, compared with the prior art, the invention has prominent substantive features and remarkable progress, and the beneficial effects of the implementation are also obvious.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of laser etching in the friction stir welding connection method of aluminum alloy plastic in the invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of a welded joint of an aluminum alloy plate and a thermoplastic plate.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a partial sectional structure of the clamping fixture of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the position of laser post-treatment in the method for friction stir welding connection of aluminum alloy plastic according to the present invention.
In the figure, 1-rubber pad, 2-gantry pressing plate, 3-clamping shell, 4-supporting upright post, 5-aluminum alloy plate, 6-thermoplastic plastic plate, 7-ultrasonic vibration head, 8-ultrasonic transducer, 9-stirring head, 10-laser beam, 11-mounting hole, 12-strip-shaped sliding hole, 13-stretching spring, 14-pulling pin, 15-fixing pin, 16-lower strip-shaped opening, 17-through opening, 18-upper strip-shaped opening, 19-stepped disc-shaped joint and 20-connecting rod.
Detailed Description
In order to clearly illustrate the technical features of the present solution, the following explains the present solution by way of specific embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings.
A friction stir welding connection method for aluminum alloy plastics comprises the following steps:
polishing the surface of the aluminum alloy plate 5 by using sand paper, and performing laser etching pretreatment on the lapping interface of the aluminum alloy plate 5, wherein the lapping interface of the aluminum alloy plate 5 subjected to laser etching has a regular groove-shaped appearance as shown in figure 1; the laser power adopted by the laser etching is 10-80W, the frequency is 10-30KHz, the scanning speed is 500-2000mm/s, and the scanning interval is 50-400 mu m;
and (II) assembling the ultrasonic vibration head 7 below the welding joint by using a clamping fixture and carrying out friction stir welding on the upper surface of the welding joint:
the frequency of the ultrasonic vibration head 7 is 10-20kHz, the power is 1000-3000W, the bottom of the ultrasonic vibration head 7 is fixedly connected with a connecting rod 20, the bottom of the connecting rod 20 is fixedly connected with a stepped disk-shaped joint 19, the bottom of the stepped disk-shaped joint 19 is fixedly connected with an ultrasonic transducer 8, and the ultrasonic transducer 8 provides energy for the ultrasonic vibration head 7;
the thickness of the aluminum alloy plate 5 and the thickness of the thermoplastic plastic plate 6 are both 1.5-4mm, the length of the aluminum alloy plate 5 and the length of the thermoplastic plastic plate 6 are 75-200mm, and the width of the aluminum alloy plate 5 and the thermoplastic plastic plate 6 are 50-100 mm; the welding joint is in a lap joint mode that the aluminum alloy plate 5 is arranged above the thermoplastic plastic plate 6, and the aluminum alloy plate 5, the thermoplastic plastic plate 6 and the ultrasonic vibration head 7 are assembled by using the clamping fixture in the invention, so that the aluminum alloy plate 5, the thermoplastic plastic plate 6 and the ultrasonic vibration head 7 are tightly combined;
the pressing amount of the stirring head 9 adopted by friction stir welding is equal to the length of the stirring pin and is smaller than the plate thickness of the aluminum alloy plate 5, the welding speed of the friction stir welding is 100-1000mm/min, the rotating speed of the stirring head 9 is 1000-2000rpm, the inclination angle of the stirring head 9 relative to the vertical direction is 1-3 degrees, and the insertion residence time of the stirring head 9 is 2-10 s; the melted thermoplastic plastic plate 6 is filled into the groove under the pressurizing action of the stirring head 9 to form mechanical interlocking, the welded joint presents a curved interface after welding, the groove at the central part is widened, and the groove at the edge area is compressed;
(III) carrying out laser post-treatment on the welded sample:
the scanning positions of the laser post-treatment are positioned at two sides of a melting channel of friction stir welding, the ultrasonic vibration head 7 is kept in close contact with a welding joint in the process, the laser power adopted by the laser post-treatment is 100-; and performing low-power laser welding connection on the edge area of the curved interface by using a laser beam 10, so that the thermoplastic plastic plate 6 at the groove can be heated and melted again to be filled into the widened groove, the ultrasonic vibration head 7 continuously works in the laser post-treatment process, and the ultrasonic vibration head 7 is kept in close contact with the welding joint in the laser post-treatment process.
The friction stir welding connection method of the aluminum alloy plastic adopts a lap joint mode that the aluminum alloy plate 5 is arranged above the thermoplastic plastic plate 6, and the lap joint and the ultrasonic vibration head 7 are assembled together by using a clamping fixture. The ultrasonic vibration head 7 continuously vibrates due to the energy provided by the ultrasonic transducer 8 in the friction stir welding process, bubbles generated by decomposition of the thermoplastic plastic plate 6 due to the action of heat in the welding process are scattered or overflow an interface, and the mechanical property of a welding joint is effectively improved. As shown in fig. 1, the interface of the aluminum alloy plate 5 after laser etching presents regular groove-shaped appearance, the melted thermoplastic plastic plate 6 can be filled into the groove due to the pressurizing effect of the stirring head 9 to form mechanical interlocking, however, the length of the stirring pin is smaller than the plate thickness of the aluminum alloy plate 5, so that the welded joint presents a curved interface after welding, as shown in fig. 3, the original regular groove appearance is distorted in different degrees, the groove located at the central part is widened, the groove located at the edge area is compressed, so that the plastic is difficult to fill, and a weak area of the welded joint is caused. By adopting a laser post-treatment process, the edge area of the curved interface shown in fig. 3 is subjected to low-power laser welding connection by using a laser beam 10, so that the thermoplastic plastic plate 6 at the groove can be heated again, melted and filled into the groove widened by the laser, the performance of a welding joint is enhanced, and the ultrasonic vibration head 7 continuously works in the laser treatment process.
The invention also provides a clamping fixture, which comprises a clamping shell 3 and two pressure heads arranged at the front side and the rear side of the clamping shell 3, as shown in figure 2.
The bottom of the clamping shell 3 is fixedly connected with a supporting upright post 4, the whole clamping fixture 3 is supported by the supporting upright post 4, the bottom of the clamping shell 3 is provided with a mounting hole 11 matched with the small end of a stepped disc-shaped joint 19, the right side of the clamping shell 3 is provided with a through hole 17 matched with the ultrasonic vibration head 7 in shape in a penetrating way, the top of the clamping shell 3 is provided with an upper strip-shaped hole 18 matched with the top of the ultrasonic vibration head 7, the right end of the upper strip-shaped hole 18 is communicated with the through hole 17, a space is reserved between the left end and the left end of the clamping shell 3, the bottom of the clamping shell 3 is provided with a lower strip-shaped hole 16 matched with a connecting rod 20, and the left end and the right end of the lower strip-shaped hole 16 are respectively communicated with the mounting hole 11 and the through hole 17; ultrasonic vibration head 7 slides in clamping casing 3 through running through a mouthful 17 to it is spacing to lead ultrasonic vibration head 7 through last bar mouth 18, guarantees the stability that ultrasonic vibration head 7 removed, and it is spacing to lead connecting rod 20 down bar mouth 16, and mounting hole 11 is used for holding the tip of ladder discoid joint 19, and the interior bottom surface contact of the main aspects bottom of ladder discoid joint 19 and clamping casing 3.
The pressing head comprises a gantry pressing plate 2, pulling pins 14 are fixedly connected to the left end and the right end of the gantry pressing plate 2 respectively, fixing pins 15 are fixedly connected to the front end and the rear end of the left side and the right side of the clamping shell 3 respectively, an extension spring 13 is connected between each pulling pin 14 and the corresponding fixing pin 15, and strip-shaped sliding holes 12 in sliding fit with the corresponding fixing pins 15 are formed in the left side and the right side of the gantry pressing plate 2 respectively.
The inner width of the gantry pressing plate 2 is larger than the size of the aluminum alloy plate 5 and the size of the thermoplastic plastic plate 6 in the welding direction, so that the two gantry pressing plates 2 can be guaranteed to wind the upper portion of the clamping shell 3 to compress the aluminum alloy plate 5 and the thermoplastic plastic plate 6 tightly.
The central line of the length direction of the strip-shaped sliding hole 12 passes through the centers of the fixed pin 15 and the pulling pin 14, so that when the gantry pressing plate 2 winds above the clamping shell 3, the gantry pressing plate 2 can vertically move downwards under the reset action of the stretching spring 13, the inner top surface of the gantry pressing plate 2 can be tightly attached to the upper end surfaces of the aluminum alloy plate 5 and the thermoplastic plastic plate 6, the situation that the gantry pressing plate 2 is inclined and cannot be tightly attached to the aluminum alloy plate 5 and the thermoplastic plastic plate 6 is avoided, and the pressing effect of the gantry pressing plate 2 on the aluminum alloy plate 5 and the thermoplastic plastic plate 6 is guaranteed.
The periphery of the mounting hole 11 in the top surface of the clamping shell 3, the inner side surface of the gantry pressing plate 2 and the inner bottom surface of the clamping shell 3 is respectively fixed with a rubber pad 1, the rubber pads 1 can reduce the influence of ultrasonic vibration on the clamping fixture, the friction force between the gantry pressing plate 2 and the contact surfaces of the aluminum alloy plate 5 and the thermoplastic plastic plate 6 can be increased, and the pressing effect of the gantry pressing plate 2 on the aluminum alloy plate 5 and the thermoplastic plastic plate 6 is further ensured.
When not in use, both sides around the clamping casing 3 are arranged respectively in to two longmen clamp plate 2, ultrasonic vibration head 7 can be along the penetrating port 17 of 3 sides of clamping casing inside slipping into clamping casing 3, make the tip of ladder discoid joint 19 get into in mounting hole 11, the border department of main aspects card at mounting hole 11, with this horizontal displacement who restricts ultrasonic vibration head 7, assemble aluminum alloy plate 5 and thermoplastic plastic board 6 in ultrasonic vibration head 7 top along the lap joint form of aluminum alloy plate 5 under last thermoplastic plastic board 6 this moment, restrict the vertical displacement of ultrasonic vibration head 7, reach the effect that makes sample (aluminum alloy plate 5 and thermoplastic plastic board 6) vibrations. Afterwards, the gantry pressing plate 2 is pulled outwards through the pulling pin 14, the fixing pin 15 is moved to the end part of the strip-shaped sliding hole 12, then the gantry pressing plate 2 is rotated to be right above the clamping shell 3, the pulling pin 14 is loosened, the stretching spring 13 is reset and tightened to enable the gantry pressing plate 2 and the clamping shell 3 to be fastened together, the aluminum alloy plate (5) and the thermoplastic plastic plate (6) are clamped tightly, the clamping force is hardly affected by the vibration of a clamp and the softening of the thermoplastic plastic plate 6 in the welding process, meanwhile, the left side surface and the right side surface of the gantry pressing plate 2 can abut against the side surfaces of the aluminum alloy plate 5 and the thermoplastic plastic plate 6, and the situation that the two materials move along with the stirring head 9 in the welding process is prevented. The ultrasonic transducer 8 supplies energy to the ultrasonic vibrator head 7. The clamping fixture is simultaneously suitable for the friction stir welding and laser welding connection process.
Technical features not described in the present invention can be implemented by the prior art, and are not described in detail herein. The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and variations, modifications, additions and substitutions which are within the spirit of the invention and the scope of the invention may be made by those of ordinary skill in the art are also within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A friction stir welding connection method for aluminum alloy plastics is characterized by comprising the following steps: it comprises the following steps:
polishing the surface of an aluminum alloy plate (5) by using sand paper, and carrying out laser etching pretreatment on an overlap joint interface: the lapping interface of the aluminum alloy plate (5) after laser etching presents regular groove-shaped appearance;
assembling the ultrasonic vibration head (7) below the welding joint by using a clamping fixture and carrying out friction stir welding on the upper surface of the welding joint: the welding joint is in a lap joint mode that an aluminum alloy plate (5) is arranged above and a thermoplastic plastic plate (6) is arranged below, the pressing amount of a stirring head (9) adopted by friction stir welding is equal to the length of a stirring needle of the stirring head and is smaller than the plate thickness of the aluminum alloy plate (5), the molten thermoplastic plastic plate (6) can be filled into a groove under the pressurization action of the stirring head (9) to form mechanical interlocking, the welding joint presents a curved interface after welding, the groove in the central part is widened, and the groove in the edge area is compressed;
(III) carrying out laser post-treatment on the welded sample: and performing low-power laser welding connection on the edge area of the curved interface by using a laser beam (10), so that the thermoplastic plastic plate (6) at the groove can be heated again to be melted and filled into the widened groove, and the ultrasonic vibration head (7) continuously works in the laser post-treatment process.
2. The method of friction stir welding aluminum alloy plastic according to claim 1, wherein: the laser power adopted by the laser etching is 10-80W, the frequency is 10-30KHz, the scanning speed is 500-2000mm/s, and the scanning interval is 50-400 μm.
3. The method of friction stir welding aluminum alloy plastic according to claim 2, wherein: the welding speed of the friction stir welding is 100-1000mm/min, the rotating speed of the stirring head (9) is 1000-2000rpm, the inclination angle of the stirring head (9) relative to the vertical direction is 1-3 degrees, and the insertion residence time of the stirring head (9) is 2-10 s.
4. The aluminum alloy plastic friction stir welding method of claim 3, wherein: the thickness of the aluminum alloy plate (5) and the thickness of the thermoplastic plastic plate (6) are both 1.5-4mm, and the length of the aluminum alloy plate (5) and the width of the thermoplastic plastic plate (6) are 75-200mm and 50-100 mm.
5. The method of friction stir welding aluminum alloy plastic according to claim 4, wherein: the laser power adopted by the laser post-treatment is 100-300W, and the scanning speed is 100-300 mm/min.
6. The method of friction stir welding aluminum alloy plastic according to claim 5, wherein: and the scanning positions of the laser post-processing are positioned at two sides of a melting channel of the friction stir welding.
7. The method of friction stir welding aluminum alloy plastic according to claim 6, wherein: and the ultrasonic vibration head (7) is kept in close contact with the welding joint in the laser post-treatment process.
8. The method of friction stir welding aluminum alloy plastic according to claim 7, wherein:
the frequency of the ultrasonic vibration head (7) is 10-20kHz, and the power is 1000-3000W;
the bottom of ultrasonic vibration head (7) has linked firmly connecting rod (20), the bottom of connecting rod (20) has linked firmly ladder disc-shaped joint (19), the bottom of ladder disc-shaped joint (19) has linked firmly ultrasonic transducer (8), ultrasonic transducer (8) provide the energy for ultrasonic vibration head (7).
9. The clamping fixture is characterized in that: the clamping device comprises a clamping shell (3) and two pressure heads arranged on the front side and the rear side of the clamping shell (3);
the bottom of the clamping shell (3) is fixedly connected with a supporting upright post (4), the bottom of the clamping shell (3) is provided with a mounting hole (11) matched with the small end of the stepped disc-shaped joint (19), the right side of the clamping shell (3) is provided with a through hole (17) which is matched with the ultrasonic vibration head (7) in shape, the top of the clamping shell (3) is provided with an upper strip-shaped opening (18) which is matched with the top of the ultrasonic vibration head (7) of any one of claims 1 to 8, the right end of the upper strip-shaped opening (18) is communicated with the through opening (17), a space is left between the left end and the left end of the clamping shell (3), the bottom of the clamping shell (3) is provided with a lower strip-shaped opening (16) matched with the connecting rod (20), the left end and the right end of the lower strip-shaped opening (16) are respectively communicated with the mounting hole (11) and the through opening (17);
the pressing head comprises a gantry pressing plate (2), pulling pins (14) are fixedly connected to the left end and the right end of the gantry pressing plate (2) respectively, fixing pins (15) are fixedly connected to the front end and the rear end of the left side and the right side of the clamping shell (3) respectively, a stretching spring (13) is connected between each pulling pin (14) and the corresponding fixing pin (15), and bar-shaped sliding holes (12) in sliding fit with the corresponding fixing pins (15) are formed in the left side and the right side of the gantry pressing plate (2) respectively.
10. The clamping fixture of claim 9, wherein:
the inner width of the gantry pressing plate (2) is larger than the size of the aluminum alloy plate (5) and the thermoplastic plastic plate (6) along the welding direction;
the center line of the strip-shaped sliding hole (12) in the length direction passes through the centers of the fixed pin (15) and the pulling pin (14);
rubber pads (1) are respectively fixed on the top surface of the clamping shell (3), the inner side surface of the gantry pressing plate (2) and the periphery of the mounting hole (11) in the inner bottom surface of the clamping shell (3).
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| CN113770504A (en) * | 2021-09-16 | 2021-12-10 | 国家高速列车青岛技术创新中心 | Double-body type cavity filling metal/FRP friction stir welding connection method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113770504A (en) * | 2021-09-16 | 2021-12-10 | 国家高速列车青岛技术创新中心 | Double-body type cavity filling metal/FRP friction stir welding connection method |
| CN113770504B (en) * | 2021-09-16 | 2022-10-14 | 国家高速列车青岛技术创新中心 | Double-body type cavity filling metal/FRP friction stir welding connection method |
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