CN113145812A - Method for optimizing flow of continuous casting transient molten steel - Google Patents
Method for optimizing flow of continuous casting transient molten steel Download PDFInfo
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- CN113145812A CN113145812A CN202110357665.8A CN202110357665A CN113145812A CN 113145812 A CN113145812 A CN 113145812A CN 202110357665 A CN202110357665 A CN 202110357665A CN 113145812 A CN113145812 A CN 113145812A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/10—Supplying or treating molten metal
- B22D11/11—Treating the molten metal
- B22D11/111—Treating the molten metal by using protecting powders
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
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- B22D11/18—Controlling or regulating processes or operations for pouring
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for optimizing the flow of continuous casting transient molten steel, which specifically comprises the following steps: step S1, designing the bottom surface before casting: paving a paving object for promoting molten steel solidification on the bottom surface of the continuous casting crystallizer; step S2, casting process: and performing casting, pulling blank until the continuous casting is finished and the like according to the established flow and operation. The invention optimizes the flow field in the casting transient crystallizer by reasonably designing the arrangement mode of the laying objects on the surface of the dummy bar at the bottom of the crystallizer, and the optimal laying method of the laying objects on the bottom surface of the crystallizer at different casting speeds can effectively control the flowing behavior of the continuous casting billet, reduce the air entrainment, the oxidation and the impurities, obviously improve the quality of the head billet of the continuous casting billet and even the quality of the whole continuous casting billet, and reduce the cutting amount of the head billet so as to reduce the waste of resources and energy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ferrous metallurgy, in particular to a method for optimizing the flow of continuous casting transient molten steel.
Background
The demand of various countries on high-cleanness and high-quality steel products is increasing, and the product quality requirements are increased in many countries. The high-cleanness steel product has important application and development prospects, but key problems in all working procedures of the production of the clean steel product need to be solved, and particularly in the casting process of a crystallizer, namely head billet casting, the cleanliness of the head billet and even the casting blank quality in the whole continuous casting process are greatly influenced.
Generally, the casting process of the crystallizer firstly ensures that molten steel is well solidified on the surface of a dummy bar and is fully combined to prevent the problem of leakage, so that the surface of the dummy bar is generally required to be correspondingly designed to promote solidification, meanwhile, a baffle plate and other means are generally used for controlling injection flow splashing and the like, however, the initial flow in the crystallizer is still extremely turbulent, a large amount of oxidation inclusions are brought from an upstream process, a head blank contains a large amount of inclusions and bubbles, and the cleanliness of a casting blank is finally influenced.
Therefore, the quality of the primary billet is difficult to reach the standard at present, a degradation or scrap treatment strategy is actively adopted, the yield of steel is reduced, waste is caused, even the first three sections of billets can not meet the requirements under certain conditions, and the quality, particularly the surface quality, of the subsequent continuous casting billet is affected. The existing continuous casting billet head billet optimization process cannot completely solve the quality problem of a head billet, such as improving a submerged nozzle structure, casting and rapidly expanding and pulling, prolonging the argon purging time in casting and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention aims to provide a method for optimizing the flow of continuous casting transient molten steel, which optimizes the flow field in a casting transient crystallizer by reasonably designing the arrangement mode of springs and scrap iron on the surface of a dummy bar at the bottom of the crystallizer so as to improve the quality of continuous casting production head billets.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a method for optimizing the flow of continuous casting transient molten steel, which specifically comprises the following steps:
step S1, designing the bottom surface before casting: paving a paving object for promoting molten steel solidification on the bottom surface of the continuous casting crystallizer;
step S2, casting process: and (5) casting according to the established flow and operation, and pulling the blank until the continuous casting is finished.
Further, the laying object is scrap iron or a combination of the scrap iron and the spring.
Further, when the laying objects are scrap irons, the laying mode is that the scrap irons are laid flatly or arranged in a single-concave mode or arranged in a single-convex mode or arranged in a multi-concave mode or arranged in a concave-convex mode.
Further, when the laying object is a composition of iron chips and springs, the springs are laid in a straight-line spring mode or a symmetrical full-line spring mode or an asymmetrical full-line spring mode, and the springs are filled and covered by the iron chips;
further, when the iron chips are paved in the paving mode, the paving thickness of the iron chips ranges from 4mm to 30mm, and the iron chips are uniformly paved on the bottom of the crystallizer; when the laying mode is a single-concave arrangement scrap iron or single-convex arrangement scrap iron or multi-concave arrangement scrap iron or concave-convex mixed arrangement scrap iron laying mode, the laying thickness of the scrap iron is 8-20 mm.
Further, when the iron chips are arranged in the single recess mode, the single recess is located in the center of the bottom of the crystallizer, the diameter of a small circle at the bottom of the single recess is 30mm, and the diameter of a large circle at the upper part of the single recess is 80 mm;
when the iron chips are distributed in the single bulge mode, the single bulge is located in the center of the bottom of the crystallizer, and the top of a spherical crown formed by the bulge structure is 8-16mm at most; when the iron chips are distributed in multiple recesses in the laying mode, nine recesses with the same size are symmetrically arranged at the bottom of the crystallizer in a square shape, the diameter of a small circle at the bottom of each recess is 10mm, and the diameter of a large circle at the upper part of each recess is 30 mm; when the iron fillings are arranged for the sunken arch mixture to the mode of laying, on the basis of arranging the iron fillings for sunken the arch more, design a arch between every two adjacent sunken of diagonals, lay nine sunken and four archs altogether promptly, and the small circle diameter at every protruding top is 20mm, and the big circle diameter of protruding bottom is 30 mm.
Further, when the laying mode is a straight spring arrangement mode, a layer of spring is laid on the bottom of the crystallizer along the central line and parallel to the side wall of the crystallizer, the whole bottom is not filled, gaps are formed in the front wall and the rear wall of the crystallizer, the left side wall and the right side wall are filled, and the gaps are filled with scrap iron to cover the springs and are 1-2mm higher than the springs; when the springs are arranged in a symmetrical full row mode, on the basis of the straight-row springs, after a layer of springs are laid at the bottom of the crystallizer, spring filling gaps are laid at two symmetrical positions which are away from the front wall and the rear wall of the crystallizer and are vertical to the side wall of the crystallizer, and the springs are filled and covered by scrap iron and are 1-2mm higher than the springs; when the laying mode is asymmetric full-row springs, a layer of springs is fully laid on one side, close to the rear wall, of the bottom of the crystallizer in parallel to the side wall, then the springs are laid on the side wall of the crystallizer in a position, away from the front wall of the crystallizer, perpendicular to the side wall of the crystallizer until the springs are close to the front wall of the crystallizer, and the springs are filled and covered by iron scraps and are 1-2mm higher than the springs.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the prior process is not required to be greatly changed, the optimal control of the flow field can be realized only by changing the arrangement mode of the objects laid on the bottom surface of the crystallizer, the operation is simple, and the additional cost is not basically increased;
2. on the basis of preventing cast-on breakout, the optimized arrangement mode can reduce the hydraulic jump height by 50 percent to the maximum extent, reduce the liquid level fluctuation by 60 percent, shorten the unsteady state flow time, effectively improve the quality problems of coiled gas oxidation, inclusion carrying and the like of continuous casting billets, particularly head billets, reduce the energy and resource consumption, and further reduce the production cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a single-layer tiled scrap iron on the bottom surface of a crystallizer;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of arrangement of iron chips in a single recess on the bottom surface of a crystallizer;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of arrangement of iron chips on a single protrusion of the bottom surface of the crystallizer;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of arrangement of iron chips in multiple recesses on the bottom surface of a crystallizer;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of mixed arrangement of iron chips in the concave and convex bottom surface of the crystallizer;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the straight arrangement of the springs on the bottom surface of the crystallizer;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of a symmetrical full row of springs on the bottom surface of a crystallizer;
FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of asymmetric full rows of springs at the bottom of a crystallizer;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing the horizontal velocities of different layers of iron chips on the bottom surface of the crystallizer at the liquid level at the beginning of a hydraulic jump;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the horizontal velocities of different layers of iron chips on the bottom surface of the crystallizer at the liquid level at the stable time;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the horizontal velocities of different spring arrangements at the bottom of the crystallizer at the liquid level at the beginning of a hydraulic jump;
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of the horizontal velocities of the various springs arranged on the bottom of the crystallizer at the liquid level at the moment of stabilization.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
It should be noted that in the description of the present invention, the terms "upper", "lower", "top", "bottom", "one side", "the other side", "left", "right", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not mean that a device or an element must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation.
Example one
The method for optimizing the flow of the continuous casting transient molten steel provided by the embodiment comprises the following specific implementation steps of:
step S1, designing the bottom surface before casting: iron chips 2 are independently paved on the surface of a dummy bar at the bottom of a continuous casting crystallizer 1; as shown in the attached drawing 1, the iron filings 2 are laid in a flat manner, the laying thickness range of the iron filings 2 is 4-24 mm, and the iron filings are uniformly laid on the bottom of the crystallizer 1;
step S2, casting process: and (5) casting according to the established flow and operation, and pulling the blank until the continuous casting is finished.
Example two
The method for optimizing the flow of the continuous casting transient molten steel provided by the embodiment comprises the following specific implementation steps of:
step S1, designing the bottom surface before casting: iron chips 2 are independently paved on the surface of a dummy bar at the bottom of a continuous casting crystallizer 1; as shown in the attached figure 2, the scrap iron 2 is laid in a single-recess arrangement mode, the laying thickness of the scrap iron 2 is 8-20 mm, the single recess is located in the central position of the scrap iron at the bottom of the crystallizer 1, the diameter of a small circle at the bottom of the recess structure 4 is 30mm, and the diameter of a large circle at the upper part of the recess is 80 mm;
step S2, casting process: and (5) casting according to the established flow and operation, and pulling the blank until the continuous casting is finished.
EXAMPLE III
The method for optimizing the flow of the continuous casting transient molten steel provided by the embodiment comprises the following specific implementation steps of:
step S1, designing the bottom surface before casting: iron chips 2 are independently paved on the surface of a dummy bar at the bottom of a continuous casting crystallizer 1; as shown in the attached figure 3, the iron chips 2 are laid in a single-protrusion arrangement mode, the laying thickness of the iron chips 2 is 8-20 mm, the single protrusion is located at the center of the iron chips at the bottom of the crystallizer 1, and the top of a spherical crown formed by the protrusion structure 5 is 8-16mm at the highest;
step S2, casting process: and (5) casting according to the established flow and operation, and pulling the blank until the continuous casting is finished.
Example four
The method for optimizing the flow of the continuous casting transient molten steel provided by the embodiment comprises the following specific implementation steps of:
step S1, designing the bottom surface before casting: iron chips 2 are independently paved on the surface of a dummy bar at the bottom of a continuous casting crystallizer 1; as shown in the attached figure 4, the scrap iron 2 is laid in a multi-recess arrangement mode, the laying thickness of the scrap iron 2 is 8-20 mm, nine recess structures 4 with the same size are symmetrically arranged at the bottom of the crystallizer 1 in a square shape, the diameter of a small circle at the bottom of each recess structure 4 is 10mm, and the diameter of a large circle at the upper part of each recess structure is 30 mm;
step S2, casting process: and (5) casting according to the established flow and operation, and pulling the blank until the continuous casting is finished.
EXAMPLE five
The method for optimizing the flow of the continuous casting transient molten steel provided by the embodiment comprises the following specific implementation steps of:
step S1, designing the bottom surface before casting: iron chips 2 are independently paved on the surface of a dummy bar at the bottom of a continuous casting crystallizer 1; as shown in the attached drawing 5, the scrap iron 2 is laid in a concave-convex mixed arrangement mode, the laying thickness of the scrap iron 2 is 8-20 mm, on the basis of multi-concave arrangement of the scrap iron, a convex structure 5 is designed between every two adjacent concave structures 4 at each corner, namely nine concave structures 4 and four convex structures 5 are laid in total, the diameter of a small circle at the top of each convex structure 5 is 20mm, and the diameter of a large circle at the bottom of each convex structure is 30 mm;
step S2, casting process: and (5) casting according to the established flow and operation, and pulling the blank until the continuous casting is finished.
EXAMPLE six
The method for optimizing the flow of the continuous casting transient molten steel provided by the embodiment comprises the following specific implementation steps of:
step S1, designing the bottom surface before casting: laying a spring 3 and scrap iron 2 on the surface of a dummy bar at the bottom of a continuous casting crystallizer 1; as shown in fig. 6, the springs 3 are laid in a straight line, that is, a layer of springs 3 is laid at the bottom of the crystallizer 1 along the center line, parallel to the side walls of the crystallizer 1, and does not fill the bottom of the whole crystallizer 1, gaps are left between the front and rear ends of the springs 3 and the front and rear walls of the crystallizer 1, the left and right ends of the springs 3 are tightly attached to and filled in the left and right side walls of the crystallizer 1, gaps between the springs 3 and the bottom of the crystallizer 1 are filled with iron filings 2, and the iron filings 2 are 1-2mm higher than the springs;
step S2, casting process: and (5) casting according to the established flow and operation, and pulling the blank until the continuous casting is finished.
"Yili" for treating hepatitis
The method for optimizing the flow of the continuous casting transient molten steel provided by the embodiment comprises the following specific implementation steps of:
step S1, designing the bottom surface before casting: laying a spring 3 and scrap iron 2 on the surface of a dummy bar at the bottom of a continuous casting crystallizer 1; as shown in fig. 7, the springs 3 are laid in a symmetrical full-row manner, that is, on the basis of a straight-row laying manner, after a layer of springs 3 is laid at the bottom of the crystallizer 1, springs 3 are laid perpendicular to the left and right side walls of the crystallizer 1 at two symmetrical gaps from the front wall and the rear wall of the crystallizer 1 to fill the gaps, and iron filings 2 are filled to cover the springs 3, wherein the iron filings 2 are 1-2mm higher than the springs;
step S2, casting process: and (5) casting according to the established flow and operation, and pulling the blank until the continuous casting is finished.
Example eight
The method for optimizing the flow of the continuous casting transient molten steel provided by the embodiment comprises the following specific implementation steps of:
step S1, designing the bottom surface before casting: laying a spring 3 and scrap iron 2 on the surface of a dummy bar at the bottom of a continuous casting crystallizer 1; as shown in the attached figure 8, the springs 3 are laid in an asymmetric full-row manner, that is, a layer of springs is laid on one side of the bottom of the crystallizer 1 close to the back wall in parallel with the side wall of the crystallizer 1, then the springs are laid on the gap away from the front wall of the crystallizer 1 in a manner of being vertical to the side wall of the crystallizer 1 until the springs are close to the front wall of the crystallizer 1, and the springs 3 are filled and covered by iron filings 2, wherein the iron filings 2 are 1-2mm higher than the springs;
step S2, casting process: and (5) casting according to the established flow and operation, and pulling the blank until the continuous casting is finished.
The invention has the following action principle: in the continuous casting process, the crystallizer is inseparable from the beginning to the end of casting with hydraulic jump; the casting process of the crystallizer can be regarded as open channel flow, wherein when the rapid flow is converted into the slow flow, the phenomenon that the height of the fluid is locally changed into abrupt change is called hydraulic jump; when the rapid stream is supported by the top of the slow stream of the downstream channel, hydraulic jump can occur; the fluid in the hydraulic jump zone can be divided into two parts: the upper part of the main flow is continuously overturned and rotated to suck air, and the lower part of the main flow is a main flow area with rapidly changed flow rate; the flow velocity gradient at the interface of the two parts is large, the turbulent mixing is strong, and liquid particles are continuously exchanged across the interface. From the start of casting to the end of casting at the crystallizer, there can be roughly four stages: in the initial casting stage of the unstable state stage I, after springs and scrap iron are paved at the bottom of the crystallizer, the injection flow impacts the springs and the scrap iron at the bottom of the crystallizer to form a stage of corresponding flow phenomenon, and the liquid level in the crystallizer is extremely low at the moment; in the liquid level rising period of the non-steady state stage II, the liquid level gradually rises to the height-immersion depth required by the process, and the dummy bar is pulled at the beginning when the liquid level reaches the process requirement; III, in a steady state stage, the liquid level keeps the required height of the process, namely the immersion depth, and the blank drawing is stably carried out; IV unstable withdrawal finishing stage (liquid level continuously drops until withdrawal finishing). Wherein, the hydraulic jump form from the II stage to the IV stage conforms to a classic hydraulic jump model; the I stage in the initial casting stage, namely the situation when the molten steel injection flow contacts the bottom surface of the crystallizer, belongs to annular hydraulic jump; a lower threshold is formed in the crystallizer by utilizing the arrangement mode of the springs and the scrap iron, so that a flow field for initial pouring of molten steel in the crystallizer is controlled.
A water model experiment with a similarity ratio of 1:4 was performed on continuous casting start-up, and the relevant parameters of the crystallizer are shown in Table 1. Replace iron fillings with polystyrene granule, arrange the granule according to one deck to six layers of granules, single sunken respectively, single protruding granule of arranging, the granule is arranged to many sunken, sunken protruding mixed granule of arranging, in line spring, the full row of spring of symmetry and the full row of spring's of asymmetry bottom surface design is opened and is watered and prepare in the crystallizer bottom, and wherein one deck particle thickness is 1 ~ 2mm, and 3 kinds of particle thickness that the laying of sunken, protruding granule of arranging contains 2 layers, 3 layers, 4 layers are spread to sunken, protruding. And for the scheme of laying the springs, laying particles with the thickness of 1-2mm after the springs are laid.
TABLE 1 crystallizer parameters
And (3) analyzing the flowing condition of the fluid in the crystallizer at the beginning water jump moment and the moment when the liquid level fluctuation tends to be stable aiming at each group of shot images, and extracting the velocity distribution on a horizontal liquid level line 2mm below the highest liquid level at the corresponding moment. And according to the speed distribution and the liquid level fluctuation condition, combining the hydraulic jump height and the unsteady flow time to comprehensively determine the better bottom surface arrangement of the crystallizer.
The following results are obtained through specific physical simulation experiments:
as shown in attached figures 9-10, for the condition that only iron filings are laid at the bottom of the crystallizer, the optimal iron filings laying thickness is increased along with the increase of the pulling speed, the effect of two layers of iron filings (with the thickness of 3-4 mm) at low pulling speed (0.8m/min) is better, 50% of liquid level fluctuation can be reduced at a stable moment, and 25% of hydraulic jump height is reduced; the three-layer scrap iron (with the thickness of 4-5 mm) is better at the medium pulling speed (1.6m/min), and the liquid level fluctuation can be reduced by 20% at the stable moment, and the hydraulic jump height is reduced by 50%; five layers of scrap iron (with the thickness of 6-7 mm) are better at a high pulling speed (2.4m/min), and 60% of liquid level fluctuation can be reduced at a stable moment, and the hydraulic jump height is reduced by 50%.
As shown in the attached figures 11-12, for the situation that the springs and the scrap iron are laid simultaneously, the full-row springs can better optimize the casting flow field at each pulling speed, the unsteady flow time is shortened, the hydraulic jump height can be reduced by more than 50%, and the liquid level fluctuation is reduced by 60%, so that the quality of the continuous casting head billet is effectively improved.
The above-mentioned embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solution of the present invention by those skilled in the art should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The method for optimizing the flow of the continuous casting transient molten steel is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1, designing the bottom surface before casting: paving a paving object for promoting molten steel solidification on the bottom surface of the continuous casting crystallizer;
step S2, casting process: and (5) casting according to the established flow and operation, and pulling the blank until the continuous casting is finished.
2. The method for optimizing the flow of the continuous casting transient molten steel of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the laying object is scrap iron or a composition of the scrap iron and the spring.
3. The method for optimizing the flow of the continuous casting transient molten steel of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: when the laying object is scrap iron, the laying mode is that the scrap iron is laid, or the scrap iron is arranged in a single-concave mode, or the scrap iron is arranged in a single-convex mode, or the scrap iron is arranged in a multi-concave mode, or the scrap iron is arranged in a concave-convex mode in a mixed mode.
4. The method for optimizing the flow of the continuous casting transient molten steel of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: when the laying object is a composition of iron chips and springs, the springs are laid in a straight-line spring mode or a symmetrical full-line spring mode or an asymmetrical full-line spring mode, and the springs are filled and covered by the iron chips.
5. The method for optimizing the flow of the continuous casting transient molten steel of claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: when the iron chips are paved in the paving mode, the paving thickness range of the iron chips is 4-30 mm, and the iron chips are uniformly paved on the bottom of the crystallizer; when the laying mode is a single-concave arrangement scrap iron or single-convex arrangement scrap iron or multi-concave arrangement scrap iron or concave-convex mixed arrangement scrap iron laying mode, the laying thickness of the scrap iron is 8-20 mm.
6. The method for optimizing the flow of the continuous casting transient molten steel of claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: when the laying mode is that the scrap iron is arranged in a single recess, the single recess is positioned at the center of the bottom of the crystallizer, the diameter of a small circle at the bottom of the single recess is 30mm, and the diameter of a large circle at the upper part of the single recess is 80 mm; when the iron chips are distributed in the single bulge mode, the single bulge is located in the center of the bottom of the crystallizer, and the top of a spherical crown formed by the bulge structure is 8-16mm at most; when the iron chips are distributed in multiple recesses in the laying mode, nine recesses with the same size are symmetrically arranged at the bottom of the crystallizer in a square shape, the diameter of a small circle at the bottom of each recess is 10mm, and the diameter of a large circle at the upper part of each recess is 30 mm; when the iron fillings are arranged for the sunken arch mixture to the mode of laying, on the basis of arranging the iron fillings for sunken the arch more, design a arch between every two adjacent sunken of diagonals, lay nine sunken and four archs altogether promptly, and the small circle diameter at every protruding top is 20mm, and the big circle diameter of protruding bottom is 30 mm.
7. The method for optimizing the flow of the continuous casting transient molten steel of claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: when the laying mode is a straight spring laying mode, a layer of springs are laid on the bottom of the crystallizer along the central line and parallel to the side walls of the crystallizer, the whole bottom is not filled, gaps are formed in the front wall and the rear wall of the crystallizer, the left side wall and the right side wall are filled, and the gaps are filled with scrap iron to cover the springs and are 1-2mm higher than the springs; when the springs are arranged in a symmetrical full row mode, on the basis of the straight-row springs, after a layer of springs are laid at the bottom of the crystallizer, spring filling gaps are laid at two symmetrical positions which are away from the front wall and the rear wall of the crystallizer and are vertical to the side wall of the crystallizer, and the springs are filled and covered by scrap iron and are 1-2mm higher than the springs; when the laying mode is asymmetric full-row springs, a layer of springs is fully laid on one side, close to the rear wall, of the bottom of the crystallizer in parallel to the side wall, then the springs are laid on the side wall of the crystallizer in a position, away from the front wall of the crystallizer, perpendicular to the side wall of the crystallizer until the springs are close to the front wall of the crystallizer, and the springs are filled and covered by iron scraps and are 1-2mm higher than the springs.
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