CN113141804B - Method for improving rainfall leaching efficiency of coastal saline-alkali soil by utilizing garden waste - Google Patents

Method for improving rainfall leaching efficiency of coastal saline-alkali soil by utilizing garden waste Download PDF

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CN113141804B
CN113141804B CN202110435918.9A CN202110435918A CN113141804B CN 113141804 B CN113141804 B CN 113141804B CN 202110435918 A CN202110435918 A CN 202110435918A CN 113141804 B CN113141804 B CN 113141804B
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soil
composting
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paving
garden waste
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CN113141804A (en
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刘璐瑶
贾林
张涛
张金龙
田晓明
张楚涵
田飞
张清
聂阿秀
翟彤彤
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Tianjin Teda Green Technology Group Co ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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    • A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New breeds of animals
    • A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
    • A01K67/0332—Earthworms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/05—Treatments involving invertebrates, e.g. worms, flies or maggots
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

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Abstract

The invention provides a method for improving rainfall leaching efficiency of coastal saline-alkali soil by utilizing garden waste, which comprises the following steps: (1) classifying garden waste; (2) composting the compostable material; (3) The materials which are not suitable for composting are simply treated and bound; (4) Paving the bound substances which are not suitable for composting into a salt isolation layer; (5) The compost material and the saline-alkali soil are mixed and layered and laid in layers. According to the invention, the soil porosity is reduced from the soil surface layer to the bottom layer by layer through layered blending, so that the surface water can quickly infiltrate into the upper soil body, meanwhile, the rinsing time of the upper soil is ensured, the capillary action is weakened, the migration of soil water salt to the soil surface layer is inhibited, the salt accumulation of the surface soil is slowed down, branches and the like which are not easy to decompose in garden waste are arranged as salt isolation layers, on one hand, the underground water is isolated, on the other hand, the hydraulic gradient of the soil above the salt isolation layers is increased, and the rinsing efficiency is improved.

Description

Method for improving rainfall leaching efficiency of coastal saline-alkali soil by utilizing garden waste
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of saline-alkali soil treatment, and particularly relates to a method for improving rainfall leaching efficiency of coastal saline-alkali soil by using garden waste.
Background
In the coastal area in northern China, especially in the river entrance, the underground water is shallow, the mineralization degree is high, the seawater invasion effect is obvious, the large-area land is formed by river sediment accumulation and submarine sludge hydraulic filling, the soil texture is extremely poor, the soil structure is not provided, the volume is large, the pores are small, the soil capillary effect is strong, and the high-mineralization degree underground water is easy to migrate to the surface soil layer under the evaporation effect, so that the saline-alkali soil is formed. And the soil permeability is poor, rainfall is relatively concentrated, the total infiltration amount of the soil after single rainfall is small, a large amount of rainfall is lost after the surface runoff is formed without participating in leaching of saline-alkali soil, the leaching efficiency of soil salt content of atmospheric rainfall is quite low, the infiltration amount of the rainfall is far less than the evaporation amount of the soil, and the soil salt content of the saline-alkali soil is continuously increased after the full leaching is not obtained.
Along with gradual acceleration of the urban process and high requirements of people on urban ecology, the area of urban landscaping is continuously increased, the amount of tree pruning, lawn pruning, dry branches, fallen leaves and other garden wastes generated in the plant growth process is increased, the simplest treatment mode of the existing garden wastes is direct incineration, and direct combustion is easy to cause atmospheric pollution and is a resource waste.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to improve the rainfall leaching efficiency of the coastal saline-alkali soil and finish recycling of garden waste, the invention provides a method for improving the rainfall leaching efficiency of the coastal saline-alkali soil by using the garden waste.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
a method for improving rainfall leaching efficiency of coastal saline-alkali soil by utilizing garden waste comprises the following steps:
(1) The garden waste is classified into substances which can be composted and substances which are not suitable for composting;
(2) Composting the compostable materials obtained in step (1);
(3) The substances which are not suitable for composting and obtained in the step (1) are simply processed into a form with only one trunk, and are bundled after being sheared to a length of less than 50 cm;
(4) Paving the bound matters which are not suitable for composting and obtained in the step (3) into a salt isolation layer;
(5) And (3) carrying out layered blending on the composting material obtained in the step (2) and saline-alkali soil, paving a blended soil layer from bottom to top, and increasing the composting material ratio from bottom to top in a gradient manner.
Preferably, in the step (1), the substances which can be composted include, but are not limited to petals, leaves and weeds, and the substances which are not suitable for being composted include, but are not limited to, branches and twigs.
The invention comprises two layers of garden waste treatment and application. The first layer is to treat the garden waste, including classification of the garden waste, composting of the garden waste and simple treatment; the second layer is to apply the treated garden waste, including compost layering blending and saline-alkali soil salt-separating layer arrangement. The garden waste mainly comprises flowers, leaves and branches, wherein the lignin and cellulose content of the branches is extremely high, and the branches are difficult to decompose and difficult to compost. The branch type garden waste has certain strength, can be used as a filling material of the salt isolation layer after being treated, can play a role of the salt isolation layer, and can be slowly and naturally degraded within 4-6 years. According to the invention, after the garden waste is treated, the quality of the coastal saline-alkali soil is improved, the rainfall infiltration rate is improved, the natural rainfall can fully leach the saline-alkali soil, the natural rainfall infiltration amount is equal to or greater than the soil evaporation amount, the saline-alkali soil can be gradually improved under the natural leaching, branches which are not easy to decompose in the garden waste are arranged as salt isolation layers, on one hand, underground water is isolated, on the other hand, the hydraulic gradient of the soil above the salt isolation layers is increased, the leaching efficiency is improved, long-time tree branches can be naturally degraded, and environmental pollution is avoided.
Preferably, in the step (2), before composting, the substances which can be subjected to composting and are obtained in the step (1) are crushed to be less than 10mm and piled for 2-4 weeks.
The materials harmful to earthworms such as organic acid in the raw materials can be eliminated after stacking for 2-4 weeks, which is beneficial to later composting.
Preferably, in step (2), the composting comprises the steps of: mixing the compostable materials with cow dung according to a dry mass ratio of 95-90:5-10, adding 60-80 earthworms into each 1kg of raw materials for composting, and keeping the humidity of the materials at 55-65% and the temperature at 16-22 ℃ in the composting process; and continuously taking out compost products in the composting process, and adding new substances capable of composting and cow dung according to a dry mass ratio of 95-90:5-10.
The cow dung can increase the growth speed of earthworms and improve the processing capacity. The coastal saline-alkali soil is formed by river sediment accumulation and submarine sediment hydraulic filling, so that the soil particle size is small, the gap channels in the soil formed by small particle sizes are very few, so that rainwater infiltration is difficult, rainwater cannot infiltrate during rainfall, the porosity of the earthworm composting product is high, the whole gap of the soil is improved after the earthworm composting product is mixed, and a infiltration channel is provided for the rainwater infiltration. The earthworm composting product is not salinized substance, and can be used for removing salinization of soil or leaching by means of atmospheric rainfall, and provides a channel for leaching by rainfall, just like opening the two channels of soil conception and governor. In addition, the earthworm composting products have high organic matter content, the organic matter can agglomerate tiny soil particles to form agglomerates, and the large-volume agglomerates can form pores with each other, so that the soil porosity is improved, and the rainwater infiltration rate is increased.
Preferably, in step (3), the diameter of the bound substances which are not suitable for composting is between 6 and 10 cm.
The bound substances which are not suitable for composting are salt isolation layers, and the minimum thickness of the salt isolation layers is 10cm, so that the diameter of the salt isolation layers cannot be larger than 10cm, the salt isolation layers cannot be too small, water passing passages cannot be well formed if the salt isolation layers are too small, the salt isolation layers are easily compacted after being pressed by an upper soil layer, and the water passing capacity is reduced.
Preferably, in the step (4), the salt-separating layer includes the steps of: paving a layer of water-permeable non-woven fabric at the position of the soil layer depth of 110-120cm, paving the bound matters which are not suitable for composting and obtained in the step (3) on the water-permeable non-woven fabric, paving the water-permeable non-woven fabric to a thickness of 10-20cm, leveling a working surface after paving, and paving a layer of water-permeable non-woven fabric above the working surface.
The water-permeable non-woven fabric is high-strength water-permeable non-woven fabric, and the purchasing manufacturer is Texas limited company of moist geotechnical materials.
The thickness of the salt isolation layer is easily 10-20cm. The salt isolation layer is of a macroporous structure, and the larger the set thickness is, the larger the surface settlement risk is. If the salt-separating layer is too small, the lower water seepage part is easy to fill the salt-separating layer, so that the effect of the salt-separating layer is lost.
Preferably, in the step (5), 4-8 layers of soil layers are paved, the paving thickness of each soil layer is the same or different, and the difference of the composting materials of adjacent soil layers is 5% -10%.
Preferably, in the step (5), each 300-600cm is used for soil layer paving 2 And a ground water level monitoring column is arranged at the central position, the ground water level and mineralization degree change condition is monitored by sampling through the ground water level monitoring column from time to time, and when the ground water level rises to the top elevation of the salt isolation layer, ground water pumping and drainage are carried out through the ground water level monitoring column.
Preferably, the underground water level monitoring column comprises a hollow column body with an opening at the upper end and a sealed bottom, a seepage hole section is arranged at the lower part of the hollow column body, a plurality of seepage holes are uniformly distributed in the seepage hole section, the underground water level monitoring column is buried in a designated position in the layering laying process, and the underground water level monitoring column is guaranteed to have seepage holes Duan Shen degrees and coincides with the depth of a salt isolation layer in the burying process.
The underground water level monitoring column removes the seepage hole section, and other parts are non-seepage hole sections. The purpose of the underground water level monitoring column is to observe the underground water level, the length of the seepage hole section is the same as the thickness of the salt isolation layer, the laying material of the salt isolation layer is branch garden waste, the water level monitoring column has stronger water passing capability, when the underground water level rises to the depth of the salt isolation layer, water can quickly enter the underground water level monitoring column through the seepage hole so as to find out, and then the underground water rising to the bottom height of the salt isolation layer can be pumped out through the seepage hole by utilizing the water suction pump so as to reduce the underground water, so that the soil on the upper layer of the salt isolation layer is not influenced by the underground water, and the salinization phenomenon is avoided. The length of the non-seepage hole section is the same as the thickness of the soil on the salt isolation layer, the non-seepage hole section can prevent a large amount of water from leaking down from the underground water level monitoring column in the rainfall infiltration process, and the upper soil of the salt isolation layer is prevented from being polluted by the underground water when the underground water is pumped out.
Compared with the prior art, the method for improving the rainfall leaching efficiency of the coastal saline-alkali soil by utilizing the garden waste has the following beneficial effects:
1. the garden waste after composting has the advantages of high porosity, strong water retention, high organic matter content and the like, and can be used as saline-alkali soil admixture for improving the soil structure of saline-alkali soil and improving the leaching effect. The overall porosity of the soil is improved by blending garden waste earthworm composting products, the infiltration rate of the saline-alkali soil is increased, and the rainfall leaching efficiency is improved.
2. The porosity is gradually decreased from the surface soil layer to the bottom soil layer by layering blending, so that the stepwise infiltration rate is formed, the infiltration rate of the upper soil is larger than that of the lower soil due to large blending amount of compost products, moisture can quickly infiltrate when the upper soil passes through the upper soil during rainfall, the infiltration rate of the lower soil is smaller than that of the upper soil, partial moisture is throttled into the upper soil, and the salt content of the upper soil can be better dissolved by the moisture and then infiltrated. When evaporating, soil water salt moves to the soil surface layer under the capillary action, the soil porosity is increased from the soil bottom layer to the surface layer by layer, the capillary action can be weakened, the soil water salt is inhibited from moving to the soil surface layer, and the surface soil salt deposit is slowed down.
3. According to the invention, the branches which have certain strength and are difficult to compost by earthworms are arranged as the salt isolation layer, and the underground water is isolated by combining the underground water level monitoring column, so that the underground water is prevented from rising to the mixing soil layer. The salt isolation layer is communicated with the atmosphere by using the underground water level monitoring column, so that the bottom surface of the soil at the upper part of the salt isolation layer forms a free drainage boundary, the air permeability of the soil can be increased, the hydraulic gradient in the leaching process is increased, and the leaching efficiency is improved.
4. The invention fully applies the garden waste to the improvement of the saline-alkali soil, and greatly improves the utilization value of the garden waste.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method of embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the use of embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a groundwater level monitoring column according to embodiment 1 of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the soil desalination rate comparison between the examples of the present invention and the comparative examples.
Reference numerals illustrate:
1. mixing a soil layer I; 2. mixing a soil layer II; 3. mixing a soil layer III; 4. mixing a soil layer IV; 5. mixing a soil layer V; 6. a salt isolation layer; 7. high-strength water-permeable non-woven fabric; 8. a ground water level monitoring column; 9. a non-porous section; 10. and a seepage hole section.
Detailed Description
Unless defined otherwise, technical terms used in the following examples have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention pertains. The test reagents used in the following examples, unless otherwise specified, are all conventional biochemical reagents; the experimental methods are conventional methods unless otherwise specified.
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following examples and drawings.
As shown in fig. 1-3, a method for improving the rainfall leaching efficiency of the coastal saline-alkali soil by using the garden waste mainly comprises the treatment and application of the garden waste. The garden waste treatment mainly comprises classification of garden waste, earthworm composting and simple treatment (shearing and binding of branch pruning). The application of the garden waste mainly comprises the steps of layering and blending of earthworm compost and the arrangement of a salt-separating layer of binding branches.
Example 1
The Tianjin south port industrial area is formed by sea mud hydraulic reclamation land reclamation, the initial soil has high salt content, the area ground water level is shallow, the soil permeability is poor, rainfall infiltration is difficult, and the evaporation effect is strong to enable salt to continuously accumulate to the surface. The method for improving the rainfall leaching efficiency of the coastal saline-alkali soil by utilizing garden waste can change the original salt accumulation condition, enables the regional saline-alkali soil to be in a desalination condition under the rainfall effect by improving the natural leaching efficiency, selects the bare heavy saline-alkali soil for test, and the initial salt contents of soil layers of 0-20, 20-40, 40-60, 60-80 and 80-100cm are 33.5, 36, 35, 33.4 and 27.6g/kg respectively, and comprises the following steps:
(1) Sorting garden waste: the garden waste is classified into one class of substances which can be used for earthworm composting, such as petals, leaves, weeds and the like, and the other class of substances which are not suitable for earthworm composting, such as branches, branches and the like.
(2) And (3) composting garden waste earthworms: crushing garden wastes such as petals, leaves, weeds and the like to be less than 10mm, piling for 2 weeks, eliminating substances harmful to earthworms such as organic acid and the like in the raw materials, mixing with cow dung according to a dry mass ratio of 95:5, adding 60-80 red Eiseniafetida (Eiseniafetida) into 1kg of raw materials for composting, and keeping the humidity of the materials at 55-65% and the temperature at 16-22 ℃ in the composting process. And continuously taking out compost products in the composting process, and adding new raw materials.
(3) And (3) simply treating branch wastes: the branches are processed into a form with only one trunk, and are bundled, and the bundling diameter is between 6 cm and 10 cm.
(4) Salt isolation layer setting: paving a layer of high-strength water-permeable non-woven fabric at the position of the soil layer depth of 120cm, paving the bundled branches on the non-woven fabric, paving the thickness of the non-woven fabric to be 20cm, leveling the working surface after paving, and then arranging a layer of high-strength water-permeable non-woven fabric on the upper layer Fang Zaipu.
(5) Layering and mixing earthworm composting products: layering and blending a composting material and saline-alkali soil, paving a soil layer from bottom to top, paving a soil layer with the number of 5, paving a surface soil layer with the number of 4 after mixing and mixing a composting product and saline-alkali soil according to the mass ratio of 5:95, paving a soil layer with the thickness of 20cm after mixing and mixing a composting product and saline-alkali soil according to the mass ratio of 10:90, paving a soil layer with the thickness of 20cm after mixing and mixing a composting product and saline-alkali soil according to the mass ratio of 15:85, paving a soil layer with the thickness of 20cm, paving a soil layer with the number of 2 after mixing and mixing a composting product and saline-alkali soil according to the mass ratio of 20:80, paving a surface soil layer with the number of 1 finally, paving a surface soil layer with the composting product and saline-alkali soil according to the mass ratio of 25:75, and paving a surface soil layer with the thickness of 20cm.
(6) The ground water level monitoring column is provided with: every 400cm 2 And arranging a ground water level monitoring column at the central position, burying the ground water level monitoring column at a designated position in the layering laying process, and ensuring that the depth of a seepage hole section of the ground water level monitoring column coincides with the depth of a salt isolation layer in the burying process. The underground water level and mineralization degree change condition is monitored by sampling frequently when passing through the underground water level monitoring column, and the underground water is pumped and discharged when necessary.
(7) Technical implementation soil sampling was performed after one year of rainfall, soil sampling was performed in layers, three repeated samplings were randomly performed on the test plots, and the average value was taken as a final result, and the final result is shown in table 1 below.
Table 1 example 1 soil sampling end results
Depth of soil layer (cm) 0-20 20-40 40-60 60-80 80-100
Salt content (g/kg) 22.2 24.5 26.7 28.2 23.1
Desalination rate (%) 33.73 31.94 23.71 15.56 16.30
Comparative example 1
Comparative example 1 was set at 3m north of example 1, its natural soil leaching state was maintained, no garden waste earthworm compost was added, and no garden waste salt-separating layer was provided. Soil sampling was performed after one year of rainfall, and the sampling results are shown in table 2 below.
Table 2 comparative example 1 soil sampling end results
Deep soil layerDegree (cm) 0-20 20-40 40-60 60-80 80-100
Salt content (g/kg) 35.7 37.5 36.6 34.2 28.5
Desalination rate (%) -6.56 -4.16 -4.57 -2.39 -3.26
Comparative example 2
Comparative example 2 was set at 3m in the right south direction of example 1, and the implementation included the following steps:
(1) Sorting garden waste: the garden waste is classified into one class of substances which can be used for earthworm composting, such as petals, leaves, weeds and the like, and the other class of substances which are not suitable for earthworm composting, such as branches, branches and the like.
(2) And (3) composting garden waste earthworms: crushing garden wastes such as petals, leaves, weeds and the like to be less than 10mm, piling for 2 weeks, eliminating substances harmful to earthworms such as organic acid and the like in the raw materials, mixing with cow dung according to a dry mass ratio of 95:5, adding 60-80 earthworms into each 1kg of raw materials for composting, and keeping the humidity of the materials at 55-65% and the temperature at 16-22 ℃ in the composting process. And continuously taking out compost products in the composting process, and adding new raw materials.
(3) And (3) simply treating branch wastes: the branches are processed into a form with only one trunk, and are bundled, and the bundling diameter is between 6 cm and 10 cm.
(4) Salt isolation layer setting: paving a layer of high-strength water-permeable non-woven fabric at the position of the soil layer depth of 120cm, paving the bundled branches on the non-woven fabric, paving the thickness of the non-woven fabric to be 20cm, leveling the working surface after paving, and then arranging a layer of high-strength water-permeable non-woven fabric on the upper layer Fang Zaipu.
(5) Layering and mixing earthworm composting products: the composting materials and the saline-alkali soil are mixed, and the composting products and the saline-alkali soil are paved after being mixed according to the mass ratio of 15:85, wherein the paving thickness is 100cm.
(6) The ground water level monitoring column is provided with: every 400cm 2 And arranging a ground water level monitoring column at the central position, burying the ground water level monitoring column at a designated position in the layering laying process, and ensuring that the depth of a seepage hole section of the ground water level monitoring column coincides with the depth of a salt isolation layer in the burying process. The underground water level and mineralization degree change condition is monitored by sampling frequently when passing through the underground water level monitoring column, and the underground water is pumped and discharged when necessary.
(7) Technical implementation soil sampling was performed after one year of rainfall, soil sampling was performed in layers, three repeated samplings were randomly performed on the test plots, and the average value was taken as a final result, and the final result is shown in table 3 below.
TABLE 3 comparative example 2 soil sampling end results
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Figure BDA0003033111980000101
Effect analysis of examples, comparative examples:
according to soil sampling test results, soil desalination rate comparison charts of the example 1, the comparative example 1 and the comparative example 2 are made after one year of natural rainfall leaching, and soil desalination effects of the example 1, the comparative example 1 and the comparative example 2 are analyzed. From fig. 4, it can be seen that the desalination phenomenon occurs in the naturally rainfall leaching soil of the example 1 and the comparative example 2 for one year, but the comparative example 1 instead exhibits the soil salt accumulation phenomenon, which illustrates that the coastal saline-alkali soil can be converted from salt accumulation to desalination by mixing the garden waste with the soil and arranging the salt isolation layer. The soil desalination rates of 10-20, 20-40 and 40-60cm of the soil layer of the example 1 are higher than that of the comparative example 2, the soil desalination rates of 60-80 and 80-100cm of the soil layer of the example 1 are slightly lower than that of the comparative example 2, and the soil desalination effect of the overall comparative example 1 is better than that of the comparative example 2, so that the layered blending of the earthworm composting products of the garden and forest wastes is better than the overall uniform blending.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, alternatives, and improvements that fall within the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims (4)

1. A method for improving rainfall leaching efficiency of coastal saline-alkali soil by utilizing garden waste is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) The garden waste is classified into substances which can be composted and substances which are not suitable for composting;
(2) Composting the compostable materials obtained in step (1);
(3) The substances which are not suitable for composting and obtained in the step (1) are simply processed into a form with only one trunk, and are bundled after being sheared to a length of less than 50 cm;
(4) Paving the bound matters which are not suitable for composting and obtained in the step (3) into a salt isolation layer;
(5) Layering and mixing the compost material obtained in the step (2) with saline-alkali soil, paving a mixing soil layer from bottom to top, and increasing the ratio of the compost material from bottom to top in a gradient manner;
in the step (3), the diameter of the bound matters which are not suitable for composting is between 6 and 10 cm;
in the step (5), when the soil layer is paved, every 300 cm to 600cm 2 A ground water level monitoring column is arranged at the central position and is used for monitoring through ground water levelThe column is sampled and monitored frequently to change the water level and mineralization degree of the underground water, and when the underground water level rises to the top elevation of the salt isolation layer, the underground water is pumped and discharged through the underground water level monitoring column;
in the step (2), the composting comprises the following steps: mixing the compostable materials with cow dung according to a dry mass ratio of 95-90:5-10, adding 60-80 earthworms into each 1kg of raw materials for composting, and keeping the humidity of the materials at 55-65% and the temperature at 16-22 ℃ in the composting process; continuously taking out compost products in the composting process, and adding new substances capable of being subjected to composting and cow dung according to a dry mass ratio of 95-90:5-10;
in the step (4), the salt isolation layer comprises the following steps: paving a layer of water-permeable non-woven fabric at the position of the soil layer depth of 110-120cm, paving the bound matters which are not suitable for composting and obtained in the step (3) on the water-permeable non-woven fabric, paving the water-permeable non-woven fabric to a thickness of 10-20cm, leveling a working surface after paving, and paving a layer of water-permeable non-woven fabric above the working surface;
in the step (5), 4-8 layers are paved on the soil layer, the paving thickness of each soil layer is the same or different, and the difference of the composting material ratio of the adjacent soil layers is 5% -10%.
2. The method for improving the rainfall leaching efficiency of the coastal saline-alkali soil by utilizing the garden waste according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in step (1), the substances which can be composted include, but are not limited to petals, leaves and weeds, and the substances which are not suitable for being composted include, but are not limited to, branches and branches.
3. The method for improving the rainfall leaching efficiency of the coastal saline-alkali soil by utilizing the garden waste according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (2), before composting, the substances which can be subjected to composting and are obtained in the step (1) are crushed to be less than 10mm and piled for 2-4 weeks.
4. The method for improving the rainfall leaching efficiency of the coastal saline-alkali soil by utilizing the garden waste according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the underground water level monitoring column comprises a hollow column body with an opening at the upper end and a sealed bottom, a seepage hole section is arranged at the lower part of the hollow column body, a plurality of seepage holes are uniformly distributed in the seepage hole section, the underground water level monitoring column is buried in a designated position in the layered laying process, and the depth of the seepage hole section of the underground water level monitoring column is ensured to coincide with the depth of a salt isolation layer in the burying process.
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CN105359660B (en) * 2015-12-07 2017-05-31 江苏省水利科学研究院 A kind of method and system for improveing saline-alkali soil
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