CN113137293A - Supercritical carbon dioxide circulation system and turbine adjusting and emergency stopping method - Google Patents
Supercritical carbon dioxide circulation system and turbine adjusting and emergency stopping method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113137293A CN113137293A CN202110581664.1A CN202110581664A CN113137293A CN 113137293 A CN113137293 A CN 113137293A CN 202110581664 A CN202110581664 A CN 202110581664A CN 113137293 A CN113137293 A CN 113137293A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
- F01K13/02—Controlling, e.g. stopping or starting
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D17/00—Regulating or controlling by varying flow
- F01D17/10—Final actuators
- F01D17/105—Final actuators by passing part of the fluid
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D19/00—Starting of machines or engines; Regulating, controlling, or safety means in connection therewith
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
- F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
- F01K25/10—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours the vapours being cold, e.g. ammonia, carbon dioxide, ether
- F01K25/103—Carbon dioxide
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
- F01K7/32—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines using steam of critical or overcritical pressure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
- F04D27/02—Surge control
- F04D27/0207—Surge control by bleeding, bypassing or recycling fluids
- F04D27/0215—Arrangements therefor, e.g. bleed or by-pass valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
- F04D27/02—Surge control
- F04D27/0207—Surge control by bleeding, bypassing or recycling fluids
- F04D27/0223—Control schemes therefor
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Abstract
The invention discloses a supercritical carbon dioxide circulating system and a turbine adjusting and emergency stopping method, wherein the system comprises a compressor variable frequency motor, a compressor, a working medium storage tank, a loop heater, a loop cooler, a turbine, a generator and various control valves; in the operation process of the system, when the power generation load fluctuates or is adjusted in a small range, the operation frequency of the variable frequency motor of the compressor and the pressure at the outlet of the compressor are kept stable, and throttling adjustment is performed by adjusting the turbine inlet adjusting valve; when the power generation load is adjusted greatly, the pressure in front of a regulating valve at the inlet of a turbine is adjusted to carry out sliding pressure adjustment by improving the operating frequency of a variable frequency motor of a compressor; when the system needs emergency shutdown, the method is achieved by quickly closing the turbine inlet regulating valve, quickly opening each bypass valve, shutting down the main loop heater and increasing the flow of the cooling medium of the main loop cooler. The invention ensures the safety and reliability of the turbine and the compressor of the carbon dioxide circulating unit in the processes of operation regulation and emergency shutdown.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of supercritical carbon dioxide cycle power generation, in particular to a supercritical carbon dioxide cycle system and a turbine adjusting and emergency stopping method.
Background
With the development of power generation technology in recent years, research shows that a generator set adopts supercritical carbon dioxide to replace steam as a circulating working medium, and has the advantages of high circulating efficiency, compact equipment structure, low capital investment and the like in a certain power range, so that the supercritical carbon dioxide circulating power generation system is a power generation mode with great technical prospect.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a supercritical carbon dioxide cycle system and a turbine regulating and emergency shutdown method, and mainly aims to complete the regulation and emergency shutdown of a turbine and a compressor of the supercritical carbon dioxide cycle system during operation by the linkage regulation of the main loop heater power, the rotation speed of the compressor, the surge prevention valve opening, the inlet regulating valve opening of the turbine, and the turbine bypass valve opening.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a supercritical carbon dioxide circulating system comprises a compressor, an auxiliary regulating system, a turbine, an auxiliary regulating system, a high-pressure storage loop system, a low-pressure storage loop system and a heat exchange and flow control system;
the compressor and auxiliary regulating system comprises a compressor inlet valve 1, a compressor dry gas sealing flow control valve 2, a compressor variable frequency motor 3, a compressor 4, a compressor anti-surge loop cooler 5, a compressor anti-surge valve 6, a compressor outlet valve 7 and a compressor emptying valve 31; the compressor and the auxiliary adjusting system are used for compressing cold working media in the supercritical carbon dioxide circulating system and increasing pressure; the compressor variable frequency motor 3 can adjust the rotating speed of the compressor according to the frequency instruction to adjust the output of the compressor; the compressor surge prevention valve 6 automatically acts according to the position of the working condition point of the compressor to prevent surge or actively act as the output regulation of the compressor; the compressor surge-preventing loop cooler 5 is used for controlling the inlet temperature of the compressor 4 during operation; the compressor dry gas seal flow control valve 2 is used for controlling the flow of dry gas seal gas; the compressor evacuation valve 31 is used for adjusting the pressure of the internal chamber of the compressor in the processes of starting and emergency shutdown;
the turbine and auxiliary regulating system comprises a turbine inlet regulating valve 15, a turbine disc vehicle motor 16, a turbine 17, a generator 18, a turbine bypass regulating valve 19, a turbine dry gas sealing control valve 20, a turbine outlet check valve 21 and a turbine exhaust valve 30; the turbine inlet regulating valve 15 controls the output power of the turbine by regulating the flow of the working medium at the turbine inlet; the turbine barring motor 16 is used for carrying out low-speed barring on the turbine before starting and after stopping the turbine; the turbine 17 drives the generator 18 to rotate to generate electricity; the turbine bypass regulating valve 19 is used for regulating the mass flow of the thermal state working medium passing through the turbine; the turbine dry gas sealing control valve 20 is used for controlling the flow of dry gas sealing gas; the turbine outlet check valve 21 is used for preventing the turbine outlet working medium from reversely flowing into the interior of the turbine; the turbine exhaust valve 30 is used for regulating the pressure of the internal chamber of the turbine in the processes of starting and emergency shutdown;
the high-pressure storage loop system comprises a high-pressure storage loop inlet valve 9, a high-pressure storage loop cooler 10, a high-pressure working medium storage tank 11, a high-pressure storage loop heater 12 and a high-pressure storage loop outlet valve 13, wherein the high-pressure storage loop inlet valve 9 and the high-pressure storage loop outlet valve 13 are used for controlling the flow of working media flowing into or out of the high-pressure working medium storage tank 11; the high-pressure storage loop cooler 10 and the high-pressure storage loop heater 12 are used for controlling the temperature of working media flowing into or out of the high-pressure working medium storage tank 11; the high-pressure working medium storage tank 11 is used for storing high-pressure working medium at the outlet of the compressor at the shutdown or load reduction stage;
the low-pressure storage loop system comprises a low-pressure storage loop inlet valve 24, a working medium supplement inlet control valve 23, a low-pressure storage loop cooler 25, a low-pressure working medium storage tank 26, a low-pressure storage loop heater 27 and a low-pressure storage loop outlet valve 28, wherein the low-pressure storage loop inlet valve 24 and the low-pressure storage loop outlet valve 28 are used for controlling the flow of the working medium flowing into or out of the low-pressure working medium storage tank 26; the working medium supplement inlet control valve 23 is used for controlling the flow rate of the low-pressure working medium storage tank 26 during supplement of the working medium before starting the machine; the low-pressure storage loop cooler 25 and the low-pressure storage loop heater 27 are used for controlling the temperature of the working medium flowing into or flowing out of the low-pressure working medium storage tank 26; the low-pressure working medium storage tank 26 is used for storing working media before starting the compressor, and controlling the inlet pressure of the compressor 4 in the starting or load adjusting stage;
the heat exchange and flow control system comprises a main heater inlet control valve 8, a main loop heater 14, a main loop cooler 22, a main cooler outlet control valve 29 and a heat regenerator 32, wherein the main heater inlet control valve 8 and the main cooler outlet control valve 29 are used for controlling the flow of working media in a main loop, and the heat regenerator 32 is used for carrying out heat exchange on cold working media at the outlet of the compressor 4 and hot working media at the outlet of the turbine 17, heating the cold working media at the outlet of the compressor 4 and cooling the hot working media at the outlet of the turbine 17; the main loop heater 14 is used for further heating and warming the working medium at the outlet of the cold side of the heat regenerator 32; the main loop cooler 22 is used for further cooling the working medium at the outlet of the hot side of the heat regenerator 32;
the specific connection relationship of each component in the supercritical carbon dioxide circulation system is as follows:
the inlet valve 1 of the compressor is communicated with the inlet of the compressor 4 and the outlet of the compressor anti-surge loop cooler 5 respectively; the front of the compressor dry gas seal flow control valve 2 is communicated with a dry gas seal gas source, and the rear of the valve is communicated with the inner cavity of the compressor 4; the front of the compressor evacuation valve 31 is communicated with the inner cavity of the compressor 4, and the rear of the valve is communicated with the atmosphere; the compressor variable frequency motor 3 is connected with the compressor 4 by a coupler; the outlet of the compressor 4 is respectively communicated with the front of a compressor surge prevention valve 6 and the front of a compressor outlet valve 7; the back of the compressor surge-proof valve 6 is communicated with the inlet of the compressor surge-proof loop cooler 5; the rear part of the compressor outlet valve 7 is respectively communicated with the front part of a high-pressure storage loop inlet valve 9 and the front part of a main heater inlet control valve 8; the inlet valve 9 of the high-pressure storage loop is communicated with the inlet of a cooler 10 of the high-pressure storage loop; the outlet of the high-pressure storage loop cooler 10 is communicated with the inlet of the high-pressure working medium storage tank 11; an outlet of the high-pressure working medium storage tank 11 is communicated with an inlet of the high-pressure storage loop heater 12; the outlet of the high-pressure storage loop heater 12 is communicated with the front of a high-pressure storage loop outlet valve 13; the inlet control valve 8 of the main heater and the outlet valve 13 of the high-pressure storage loop are communicated with the cold side inlet of the heat regenerator 32; the cold side outlet of regenerator 32 is in communication with the inlet of primary loop heater 14; the outlet of the main loop heater 14 is respectively communicated with the valve front of the turbine inlet regulating valve 15 and the valve front of the turbine bypass regulating valve 19; the turbine inlet adjusting valve 15 is communicated with the inlet of a turbine 17; the turbine 17 is connected with the generator 18 by a coupler; the turbine barring motor 16 is connected with the turbine 17 by a clutch; the front part of a dry gas seal control valve 20 of the turbine is communicated with a dry gas seal gas source, and the rear part of the valve is communicated with an inner cavity of the turbine 17; the front of the valve of the turbine exhaust valve 30 is communicated with the inner cavity of the turbine 17, and the rear of the valve is communicated with the atmosphere; the outlet of the turbine 17 is communicated with the front part of a turbine outlet check valve 21; the back of the turbine outlet check valve 21 and the back of the turbine bypass regulating valve 19 are communicated with the hot side inlet of the heat regenerator 32; the hot side outlet of the regenerator 32 is in communication with the inlet of the primary loop cooler 22; the outlet of the main loop cooler 22 is respectively communicated with the front of a low-pressure storage loop inlet valve 24 and the front of a main cooler outlet control valve 29; the front of the working medium supplement inlet control valve 23 is communicated with a working medium storage tank, and the rear of the valve is respectively communicated with the rear of the low-pressure storage loop inlet valve 24 and the inlet of the low-pressure storage loop cooler 25; the outlet of the low-pressure storage loop cooler 25 is communicated with the inlet of a low-pressure working medium storage tank 26; the outlet of the low-pressure working medium storage tank 26 is communicated with the inlet of a low-pressure storage loop heater 27; the outlet of the low-pressure storage loop heater 27 is communicated with the front of a low-pressure storage loop outlet valve 28; the rear of the low-pressure storage loop outlet valve 28 and the rear of the main cooler outlet control valve 29 are communicated with the front of the compressor inlet valve 1;
wherein: the outlet of the compressor 4, the cold side of the heat regenerator 32, the main loop heater 14, the turbine 17, the hot side of the heat regenerator 32, the main loop cooler 22 and the inlet of the compressor 4 are sequentially connected to form a main loop, and in the power generation cycle process, the carbon dioxide working medium sequentially passes through the compressor 4 for compression and pressure increase, the heat regenerator 32 for temperature increase, the main loop heater 14 for temperature increase again, the turbine 17 for expansion work and the generator 18 for power generation, the heat regenerator 32 for temperature reduction and the main loop cooler 22 for temperature reduction again, and then returns to the inlet of the compressor to complete a work cycle.
The main loop heater 14 is a coal-fired boiler, a gas-fired boiler, an electric heater, a solar photo-thermal heater or a nuclear fusion loop heater; the primary loop cooler 22 cooling medium is plant cooling water or cooling air.
The dry gas seal gas of the compressor 4 and the turbine 17 adopts a carbon dioxide working medium, the low-pressure working medium storage tank 26 is adopted for supplying gas in the starting stage, the working medium at the outlet of the compressor 4 is adopted for supplying gas in the operating stage, and the dry gas seal gas is heated to the design temperature of 60-180 ℃ through a heater before entering the compressor and the turbine.
During the running of the unit, under the condition that the power generation load and the turbine speed are stable, the opening degrees of a compressor surge-proof valve 6, a high-pressure storage loop inlet valve 9, a high-pressure storage loop outlet valve 13, a turbine bypass regulating valve 19, a low-pressure storage loop inlet valve 24 and a low-pressure storage loop outlet valve 28 are kept in a 0% closed state; a shutdown compressor surge-prevention circuit cooler 5, a high-pressure storage circuit cooler 10, a high-pressure storage circuit heater 12, a low-pressure storage circuit cooler 25, and a low-pressure storage circuit heater 27; keeping the opening degrees of the compressor inlet valve 1, the compressor outlet valve 7, the main heater inlet control valve 8 and the main cooler outlet control valve 29 in a 100% full-open state; adjusting the flow of a cooling medium of the main loop cooler 22 to keep the temperature of the inlet of the compressor 4 at 35-45 ℃; adjusting the power of a main loop heater 14 to stabilize the temperature of the working medium before a turbine inlet adjusting valve 15 to be between 550 and 600 ℃; the opening degree of the turbine inlet adjusting valve 15 is stabilized between 80% and 100% through the combined adjustment of the operating frequency of the turbine inlet adjusting valve 15 and the compressor variable frequency motor 3; stabilizing the running frequency of the compressor variable frequency motor 3 at 30 Hz-50 Hz;
when the power generation load needs to be increased during the operation of the system, working media are added from the low-pressure working medium storage tank 26 to the main loop circulation through the combined regulation of the low-pressure storage loop outlet valve 28, the low-pressure storage loop heater 27 and the main loop cooler 22, and the pressure of the working medium at the inlet of the compressor 4 is kept between 4MPa and 7MPa, and the temperature is kept between 35 ℃ and 45 ℃; meanwhile, the heating power of the main loop heater 14 is increased to keep the temperature of the working medium before the turbine inlet adjusting valve 15 to be stabilized at 550-600 ℃;
when the power generation load needs to be reduced during the operation of the system, the power of a cooler 10 of the high-pressure storage loop needs to be adjusted by opening an inlet valve 9 of the high-pressure storage loop, working media are discharged from the circulation of a main loop to a high-pressure working medium storage tank 11, and the pressure of the working media at the inlet of a compressor 4 is kept between 4MPa and 7MPa, and the temperature is kept between 35 ℃ and 45 ℃; meanwhile, the heating power of the main loop heater 14 is reduced to keep the temperature of the working medium before the turbine inlet regulating valve 15 stable at 550-600 ℃;
when the power generation load fluctuates or is adjusted in a small range, the running frequency of the variable frequency motor 3 of the compressor is kept stable, the pressure before the valve of the turbine inlet adjusting valve 15 is kept stable, and the opening of the turbine inlet adjusting valve 15 is adjusted to change within the range of 80-100 percent of opening, so that the pressure after the valve of the turbine inlet adjusting valve 15 is reduced to carry out constant-pressure throttling adjustment;
when the power generation load is adjusted greatly, and the opening of the turbine inlet adjusting valve 15 is changed within 80-100% of the opening and cannot meet the adjustment requirement, the operating frequency of the compressor variable frequency motor 3 is increased, the pressure in front of the turbine inlet adjusting valve 15 is adjusted to perform sliding pressure adjustment, and during load adjustment, the inlet pressure and temperature of the compressor 4 need to be kept stable, and the temperature of working medium in front of the turbine inlet adjusting valve 15 needs to be kept stable;
when the system needs to rapidly dump load and the operation of the running frequency of the variable frequency motor 3 of the compressor cannot meet the requirement of rapid adjustment of the power generation load, rapidly closing the opening of a turbine inlet regulating valve 15 to be below 80%, rapidly opening the opening of a turbine bypass regulating valve 19, rapidly opening the opening of a compressor surge-preventing valve 6, rapidly reducing the heating power of a main loop heater 14, rapidly increasing the flow of a cooling medium of a main loop cooler 22, rapidly opening the opening of an inlet valve 9 of a high-pressure storage loop to 100%, starting the high-pressure storage loop cooler 10, and discharging a working medium from the circulation of the main loop to a high-pressure working medium storage tank 11; when the pressure is reduced to a target, gradually closing the opening degrees of the compressor surge-proof valve 6 and the turbine bypass regulating valve 19 to 0%, gradually reducing the operating frequency of the compressor variable frequency motor 3 and keeping the pressure of the inlet and the outlet of the compressor stable, gradually increasing the opening degree of the turbine inlet regulating valve 15 to 80-100% and keeping the pressure of the medium behind the valve stable; meanwhile, the heating power of the loop heater 14 and the flow of the cooling medium of the main loop cooler 22 are slowly adjusted, and the temperature of the medium before the turbine inlet adjusting valve 15 is kept stable; after the system pressure and temperature are stable, closing the inlet valve 9 of the high-pressure storage loop, and shutting down the cooler 10 of the high-pressure storage loop;
when the system needs emergency shutdown, rapidly opening a turbine bypass regulating valve 19 to 100 percent, rapidly closing a turbine inlet regulating valve 15 to 0 percent, rapidly opening a turbine emptying valve 30 to 100 percent, rapidly opening a compressor surge prevention valve 6 to 5 to 30 percent, rapidly closing a main loop heater 14, rapidly increasing the flow of a cooling medium of a main loop cooler 22, rapidly opening a high-pressure storage loop inlet valve 9 to 100 percent, starting the high-pressure storage loop cooler 10, and discharging a working medium from the circulation of the main loop to a high-pressure working medium storage tank 11; after the temperature of the main loop heater 14 is ensured not to rise and exceed the standard, the compressor variable frequency motor 3 is stopped, and after the rotating speed of the compressor 4 is reduced to 0, the compressor dry gas sealing flow control valve 2 is closed;
when the rotational speed of the turbine is reduced to 0Immediately starting a turbine barring motor 16 to carry out low-speed barring on the turbine, starting a turbine cooling fan to cool an outer cylinder of the turbine, reducing the opening degree of a turbine dry gas sealing control valve 20, and keeping the flow of a turbine dry gas seal at 50Nm3/h～200Nm3In a small flow range/h, the temperature cooling rate of the turbine cylinder is controlled by adjusting the opening of the turbine exhaust valve 30 and the air quantity of the turbine cooling fan, the temperature difference range of the inner wall and the outer wall of the turbine 17 is monitored and kept between 20 ℃ and 50 ℃, the temperature difference range is kept until the temperature of the inner wall of the turbine 17 is less than 180 ℃, the turbine disc turning motor 16 and the turbine cooling fan are shut down, and the openings of the dry gas sealing control valve 20 and the turbine exhaust valve 30 are closed to 0%.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a turbine adjusting and emergency stopping method of a supercritical carbon dioxide circulating system, which ensures the safety and reliability of a turbine and a compressor of a carbon dioxide circulating unit in the processes of operation adjustment and emergency stopping. The method has the advantages that the temperature, the pressure and the flow of the working medium at the turbine inlet can be effectively regulated or the emergency stop can be realized by jointly regulating the compressor variable-frequency motor 3, the compressor surge-proof valve 6, the turbine inlet regulating valve 15, the turbine bypass regulating valve 19 and the main loop heater 14, and the method is safe, economic and strong in operability as shown by field practical verification.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the system of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention provides a turbine adjusting and emergency shutdown method of a supercritical carbon dioxide circulating system, and the equipment number in the system is shown in figure 1. In the circulation process, the carbon dioxide working medium returns to the inlet of the compressor after sequentially passing through the compressor 4 for compressing and boosting, the heat regenerator 32 for heating, the main loop heater 14 for heating again, the turbine 17 for expanding and acting, the generator 18 for generating power, the heat regenerator 32 for cooling and the main loop cooler 22 for cooling again, and a complete acting cycle is completed. The system operates as follows:
1) during the operation of the unit, under the condition that the power generation load and the turbine rotation speed are stable, the opening degrees of the compressor surge prevention valve 6, the high-pressure storage loop inlet valve 9, the high-pressure storage loop outlet valve 13, the turbine bypass adjusting valve 19, the low-pressure storage loop inlet valve 24 and the low-pressure storage loop outlet valve 28 are kept in a 0% closed state; a shutdown compressor surge-prevention circuit cooler 5, a high-pressure storage circuit cooler 10, a high-pressure storage circuit heater 12, a low-pressure storage circuit cooler 25, and a low-pressure storage circuit heater 27; keeping the opening degrees of the compressor inlet valve 1, the compressor outlet valve 7, the main heater inlet control valve 8 and the main cooler outlet control valve 29 in a 100% full-open state; adjusting the flow of a cooling medium of the main loop cooler 22 to keep the temperature of the inlet of the compressor 4 at 35-45 ℃; adjusting the power of a main loop heater 14 to stabilize the temperature of the working medium before a turbine inlet adjusting valve 15 to be between 550 and 600 ℃; the opening degree of the turbine inlet adjusting valve 15 is stabilized between 80% and 100% through the combined adjustment of the operating frequency of the turbine inlet adjusting valve 15 and the compressor variable frequency motor 3; stabilizing the running frequency of the compressor variable frequency motor 3 at 30 Hz-50 Hz;
2) when the power generation load needs to be increased during the operation of the system, working media are added from the low-pressure working medium storage tank 26 to the main loop circulation through the combined regulation of the low-pressure storage loop outlet valve 28, the low-pressure storage loop heater 27 and the main loop cooler 22, and the pressure of the working medium at the inlet of the compressor 4 is kept between 4MPa and 7MPa, and the temperature is kept between 35 ℃ and 45 ℃; meanwhile, the heating power of the main loop heater 14 is increased to keep the temperature of the working medium before the turbine inlet adjusting valve 15 to be stabilized at 550-600 ℃;
3) when the power generation load needs to be reduced during the operation of the system, the power of a cooler 10 of the high-pressure storage loop needs to be adjusted by opening an inlet valve 9 of the high-pressure storage loop, working media are discharged from the circulation of a main loop to a high-pressure working medium storage tank 11, and the pressure of the working media at the inlet of a compressor 4 is kept between 4MPa and 7MPa, and the temperature is kept between 35 ℃ and 45 ℃; meanwhile, the heating power of the main loop heater 14 is reduced to keep the temperature of the working medium before the turbine inlet regulating valve 15 stable at 550-600 ℃;
4) when the power generation load fluctuates or is adjusted in a small range, the running frequency of the variable frequency motor 3 of the compressor is kept stable, the pressure before the valve of the turbine inlet adjusting valve 15 is kept stable, and the opening of the turbine inlet adjusting valve 15 is adjusted to change within the range of 80-100 percent of opening, so that the pressure after the valve of the turbine inlet adjusting valve 15 is reduced to carry out constant-pressure throttling adjustment;
5) when the power generation load is adjusted greatly, and the opening of the turbine inlet adjusting valve 15 is changed within 80-100% of the opening and cannot meet the adjustment requirement, the operating frequency of the compressor variable frequency motor 3 is increased, the pressure in front of the turbine inlet adjusting valve 15 is adjusted to perform sliding pressure adjustment, and during load adjustment, the inlet pressure and temperature of the compressor 4 need to be kept stable, and the temperature of working medium in front of the turbine inlet adjusting valve 15 needs to be kept stable;
6) when the system needs to rapidly dump load and the operation of the running frequency of the variable frequency motor 3 of the compressor cannot meet the requirement of rapid adjustment of the power generation load, rapidly closing the opening of a turbine inlet regulating valve 15 to be below 80%, rapidly opening the opening of a turbine bypass regulating valve 19, rapidly opening the opening of a compressor surge-preventing valve 6, rapidly reducing the heating power of a main loop heater 14, rapidly increasing the flow of a cooling medium of a main loop cooler 22, rapidly opening the opening of an inlet valve 9 of a high-pressure storage loop to 100%, starting the high-pressure storage loop cooler 10, and discharging a working medium from the circulation of the main loop to a high-pressure working medium storage tank 11; when the pressure is reduced to a target, gradually closing the opening degrees of the compressor surge-proof valve 6 and the turbine bypass regulating valve 19 to 0%, gradually reducing the operating frequency of the compressor variable frequency motor 3 and keeping the pressure of the inlet and the outlet of the compressor stable, gradually increasing the opening degree of the turbine inlet regulating valve 15 to 80-100% and keeping the pressure of the medium behind the valve stable; meanwhile, the heating power of the loop heater 14 and the flow of the cooling medium of the main loop cooler 22 are slowly adjusted, and the temperature of the medium before the turbine inlet adjusting valve 15 is kept stable; after the system pressure and temperature are stable, closing the inlet valve 9 of the high-pressure storage loop, and shutting down the cooler 10 of the high-pressure storage loop;
7) when the system needs emergency shutdown, rapidly opening a turbine bypass regulating valve 19 to 100 percent, rapidly closing a turbine inlet regulating valve 15 to 0 percent, rapidly opening a turbine emptying valve 30 to 100 percent, rapidly opening a compressor surge prevention valve 6 to 5 to 30 percent, rapidly closing a main loop heater 14, rapidly increasing the flow of a cooling medium of a main loop cooler 22, rapidly opening a high-pressure storage loop inlet valve 9 to 100 percent, starting the high-pressure storage loop cooler 10, and discharging a working medium from the circulation of the main loop to a high-pressure working medium storage tank 11; after the temperature of the main loop heater 14 is ensured not to rise and exceed the standard, the compressor variable frequency motor 3 is stopped, and after the rotating speed of the compressor 4 is reduced to 0, the compressor dry gas sealing flow control valve 2 is closed;
8) when the rotating speed of the turbine is reduced to 0, a turbine barring motor 16 is started immediately to carry out low-speed barring on the turbine, a turbine cooling fan is started to cool an outer cylinder of the turbine, the opening degree of a turbine dry gas sealing control valve 20 is reduced, and the flow of a turbine dry gas seal is kept at 50Nm3/h～200Nm3In a small flow range/h, the temperature cooling rate of the turbine cylinder is controlled by adjusting the opening of the turbine exhaust valve 30 and the air quantity of the turbine cooling fan, the temperature difference range of the inner wall and the outer wall of the turbine 17 is monitored and kept between 20 ℃ and 50 ℃, the temperature difference range is kept until the temperature of the inner wall of the turbine 17 is less than 180 ℃, the turbine disc turning motor 16 and the turbine cooling fan are shut down, and the openings of the dry gas sealing control valve 20 and the turbine exhaust valve 30 are closed to 0%.
Claims (4)
1. A supercritical carbon dioxide circulating system is characterized by comprising a compressor and auxiliary regulating system, a turbine and auxiliary regulating system, a high-pressure storage loop system, a low-pressure storage loop system and a heat exchange and flow control system;
the compressor and auxiliary regulating system comprises a compressor inlet valve (1), a compressor dry gas sealing flow control valve (2), a compressor variable frequency motor (3), a compressor (4), a compressor anti-surge loop cooler (5), a compressor anti-surge valve (6), a compressor outlet valve (7) and a compressor emptying valve (31); the compressor and the auxiliary adjusting system are used for compressing cold working media in the supercritical carbon dioxide circulating system and increasing pressure; the compressor variable frequency motor (3) can adjust the rotating speed of the compressor according to the frequency instruction to adjust the output of the compressor; the compressor surge prevention valve (6) automatically acts according to the position of the working condition point of the compressor to prevent surge or actively act as the output regulation of the compressor; the compressor surge-proof loop cooler (5) is used for controlling the inlet temperature of the compressor (4) in the operation process; the compressor dry gas sealing flow control valve (2) is used for controlling the flow of the dry gas sealing gas; the compressor emptying valve (31) is used for adjusting the pressure of the inner chamber of the compressor in the processes of starting and emergency shutdown;
the turbine and auxiliary adjusting system comprises a turbine inlet adjusting valve (15), a turbine disc vehicle motor (16), a turbine (17), a generator (18), a turbine bypass adjusting valve (19), a turbine dry gas sealing control valve (20), a turbine outlet check valve (21) and a turbine emptying valve (30); the turbine inlet regulating valve (15) controls the output power of the turbine by regulating the flow of the working medium at the turbine inlet; the turbine barring motor (16) is used for carrying out low-speed barring on the turbine before starting and after stopping the turbine; the turbine (17) drives the generator (18) to rotate to generate electricity; the turbine bypass regulating valve (19) is used for regulating the mass flow of the thermal state working medium passing through the turbine; the turbine dry gas sealing control valve (20) is used for controlling the flow of dry gas sealing gas; the turbine outlet check valve (21) is used for preventing the working medium at the turbine outlet from reversely flowing into the interior of the turbine; the turbine exhaust valve (30) is used for regulating the pressure of a chamber inside the turbine in the processes of starting and emergency shutdown;
the high-pressure storage loop system comprises a high-pressure storage loop inlet valve (9), a high-pressure storage loop cooler (10), a high-pressure working medium storage tank (11), a high-pressure storage loop heater (12) and a high-pressure storage loop outlet valve (13), wherein the high-pressure storage loop inlet valve (9) and the high-pressure storage loop outlet valve (13) are used for controlling the flow of working medium flowing into or out of the high-pressure working medium storage tank (11); the high-pressure storage loop cooler (10) and the high-pressure storage loop heater (12) are used for controlling the temperature of working media flowing into or out of the high-pressure working medium storage tank (11); the high-pressure working medium storage tank (11) is used for storing the high-pressure working medium at the outlet of the compressor at the shutdown or load reduction stage;
the low-pressure storage loop system comprises a low-pressure storage loop inlet valve (24), a working medium supplement inlet control valve (23), a low-pressure storage loop cooler (25), a low-pressure working medium storage tank (26), a low-pressure storage loop heater (27) and a low-pressure storage loop outlet valve (28), wherein the low-pressure storage loop inlet valve (24) and the low-pressure storage loop outlet valve (28) are used for controlling the flow of the working medium flowing into or out of the low-pressure working medium storage tank (26); the working medium supplement inlet control valve (23) is used for controlling the flow rate of the low-pressure working medium storage tank (26) during supplementing the working medium before starting the machine; the low-pressure storage loop cooler (25) and the low-pressure storage loop heater (27) are used for controlling the temperature of working media flowing into or out of the low-pressure working medium storage tank (26); the low-pressure working medium storage tank (26) is used for storing working media before starting the compressor, and controlling the inlet pressure of the compressor (4) in the starting or load adjusting stage;
the heat exchange and flow control system comprises a main heater inlet control valve (8), a main loop heater (14), a main loop cooler (22), a main cooler outlet control valve (29) and a heat regenerator (32), wherein the main heater inlet control valve (8) and the main cooler outlet control valve (29) are used for controlling the flow of working media in the main loop, and the heat regenerator (32) is used for carrying out heat exchange on cold working media at the outlet of the compressor (4) and hot working media at the outlet of the turbine (17), heating the cold working media at the outlet of the compressor (4) and cooling the hot working media at the outlet of the turbine (17); the main loop heater (14) is used for further heating and warming the working medium at the cold side outlet of the heat regenerator (32); the main loop cooler (22) is used for further cooling the working medium at the hot side outlet of the heat regenerator (32);
the specific connection relationship of each component in the supercritical carbon dioxide circulation system is as follows:
the back of the compressor inlet valve (1) is respectively communicated with the inlet of the compressor (4) and the outlet of the compressor anti-surge loop cooler (5); the front of the dry gas seal flow control valve (2) of the compressor is communicated with a dry gas seal gas source, and the rear of the valve is communicated with the inner cavity of the compressor (4); the front of the compressor exhaust valve (31) is communicated with the inner cavity of the compressor (4), and the rear of the valve is communicated with the atmosphere; the compressor variable frequency motor (3) is connected with the compressor (4) by a coupler; the outlet of the compressor (4) is respectively communicated with the front of the compressor surge prevention valve (6) and the front of the compressor outlet valve (7); the back of the compressor surge-proof valve (6) is communicated with the inlet of the compressor surge-proof loop cooler (5); the rear valve of a compressor outlet valve (7) is respectively communicated with the front of a high-pressure storage loop inlet valve (9) and the front of a main heater inlet control valve (8), the rear valve of the high-pressure storage loop inlet valve (9) is communicated with the inlet of a high-pressure storage loop cooler (10), the outlet of the high-pressure storage loop cooler (10) is communicated with the inlet of a high-pressure working medium storage tank (11), the outlet of the high-pressure working medium storage tank (11) is communicated with the inlet of a high-pressure storage loop heater (12), the outlet of the high-pressure storage loop heater (12) is communicated with the front valve of a high-pressure storage loop outlet valve (13), the rear valve of the main heater inlet control valve (8) and the rear valve of the high-pressure storage loop outlet valve (13) are respectively communicated with a cold side inlet of a heat regenerator (32), the cold side outlet of the heat regenerator (32) is communicated with the inlet of the main loop heater (14), and the outlet of the main loop heater (14) is respectively communicated with a turbine inlet adjusting valve (15) and the front valve of the main heater, The valve front of the turbine bypass regulating valve (19) is communicated; the rear part of the turbine inlet regulating valve (15) is communicated with the inlet of a turbine (17); the turbine (17) is connected with the generator (18) by a coupling; the turbine disc vehicle motor (16) is connected with the turbine (17) by a clutch; the front part of a dry gas seal control valve (20) of the turbine is communicated with a dry gas seal gas source, and the rear part of the valve is communicated with an inner cavity of the turbine (17); the front of the turbine exhaust valve (30) is communicated with the inner cavity of the turbine (17), and the rear of the valve is communicated with the atmosphere; the outlet of the turbine (17) is communicated with the front part of a turbine outlet check valve (21); the back of the turbine outlet check valve (21) and the back of the turbine bypass regulating valve (19) are communicated with the hot side inlet of the heat regenerator (32); the outlet of the hot side of the heat regenerator (32) is communicated with the inlet of the main loop cooler (22); the outlet of the main loop cooler (22) is respectively communicated with the front of a low-pressure storage loop inlet valve (24) and the front of a main cooler outlet control valve (29); the front of a working medium supplement inlet control valve (23) is communicated with a working medium storage tank, the rear of the valve is respectively communicated with the rear of a low-pressure storage loop inlet valve (24) and the inlet of a low-pressure storage loop cooler (25), the outlet of the low-pressure storage loop cooler (25) is communicated with the inlet of a low-pressure working medium storage tank (26), the outlet of the low-pressure working medium storage tank (26) is communicated with the inlet of a low-pressure storage loop heater (27), the outlet of the low-pressure storage loop heater (27) is communicated with the front of a low-pressure storage loop outlet valve (28), the rear of the low-pressure storage loop outlet valve (28) and the rear of a main cooler outlet control valve (29) are communicated with the front of a compressor inlet valve (1);
wherein: the outlet of the compressor (4), the cold side of the heat regenerator (32), the main loop heater (14), the turbine (17), the hot side of the heat regenerator (32), the main loop cooler (22) and the inlet of the compressor (4) are sequentially connected to form a main loop, and in the power generation cycle process, a carbon dioxide working medium sequentially passes through the compressor 4 for compression and pressure rise, the heat regenerator 32 for temperature rise, the main loop heater 14 for temperature rise again, the turbine 17 for expansion work and the generator 18 for power generation, the heat regenerator 32 for temperature reduction and the main loop cooler 22 for temperature reduction again and then returns to the inlet of the compressor to complete a work cycle.
2. The supercritical carbon dioxide cycle system according to claim 1, characterized in that the main loop heater (14) is a coal-fired boiler, a gas-fired boiler, an electric heater, a solar photo-thermal heater or a nuclear fusion loop heater; the main loop cooler (22) cooling medium is plant cooling water or cooling air.
3. The supercritical carbon dioxide circulation system according to claim 1, wherein the dry gas seal gas of the compressor (4) and the turbine (17) adopts carbon dioxide working medium, the low-pressure working medium storage tank (26) is used for supplying gas in the starting stage, the working medium at the outlet of the compressor (4) is used for supplying gas in the operating stage, and the dry gas seal gas is heated to the design temperature of 60-180 ℃ by the heater before entering the compressor and the turbine.
4. A turbine regulation and emergency shutdown method for a supercritical carbon dioxide cycle system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by maintaining the opening degrees of the compressor surge prevention valve (6), the high-pressure storage circuit inlet valve (9), the high-pressure storage circuit outlet valve (13), the turbine bypass regulating valve (19), the low-pressure storage circuit inlet valve (24) and the low-pressure storage circuit outlet valve (28) in a 0% closed state under the conditions of stable power generation load and turbine rotation speed during the operation of the unit; a shutdown compressor surge-prevention circuit cooler (5), a high-pressure storage circuit cooler (10), a high-pressure storage circuit heater (12), a low-pressure storage circuit cooler (25), and a low-pressure storage circuit heater (27); keeping the opening degrees of a compressor inlet valve (1), a compressor outlet valve (7), a main heater inlet control valve (8) and a main cooler outlet control valve (29) in a 100% full-open state; adjusting the flow of a cooling medium of the main loop cooler (22) to keep the inlet temperature of the compressor (4) at 35-45 ℃; the power of the main loop heater (14) is adjusted to stabilize the temperature of the working medium before the turbine inlet adjusting valve (15) to be between 550 and 600 ℃; the opening degree of the turbine inlet adjusting valve (15) is stabilized between 80 percent and 100 percent through the combined adjustment of the operating frequency of the turbine inlet adjusting valve (15) and the compressor variable frequency motor (3); stabilizing the running frequency of the compressor variable frequency motor (3) at 30 Hz-50 Hz;
when the power generation load needs to be increased during the operation of the system, working media are added from a low-pressure working medium storage tank (26) to the circulation of a main loop through the combined regulation of an outlet valve (28) of the low-pressure storage loop, a heater (27) of the low-pressure storage loop and a cooler (22) of the main loop, and the pressure of working media at the inlet of a compressor (4) is kept between 4MPa and 7MPa, and the temperature is kept between 35 ℃ and 45 ℃; meanwhile, the heating power of the main loop heater (14) is increased to keep the temperature of the working medium before the turbine inlet regulating valve (15) stable at 550-600 ℃;
when the power generation load needs to be reduced during the operation of the system, the power of a cooler (10) of the high-pressure storage loop needs to be adjusted by opening an inlet valve (9) of the high-pressure storage loop, working media are discharged from the circulation of a main loop to a high-pressure working medium storage tank (11), the pressure of the working media at the inlet of a compressor (4) is kept between 4MPa and 7MPa, and the temperature is kept between 35 ℃ and 45 ℃; meanwhile, the heating power of the main loop heater (14) is reduced, and the temperature of the working medium before the turbine inlet regulating valve (15) is kept to be 550-600 ℃;
when the power generation load fluctuates or is adjusted in a small range, the running frequency of the variable frequency motor (3) of the compressor is kept stable, the pressure before the turbine inlet adjusting valve (15) is kept stable, and the opening of the turbine inlet adjusting valve (15) is adjusted to be changed within the range of 80-100 percent of opening, so that the pressure behind the turbine inlet adjusting valve (15) is reduced to perform constant-pressure throttling adjustment;
when the power generation load is adjusted greatly, and the opening of the turbine inlet adjusting valve (15) is changed within 80-100% of the opening and cannot meet the adjustment requirement, the operating frequency of the compressor variable frequency motor (3) is increased, so that the pressure in front of the turbine inlet adjusting valve (15) is adjusted to perform sliding pressure adjustment, and during load adjustment, the inlet pressure and temperature of the compressor (4) need to be kept stable, and the temperature of working medium in front of the turbine inlet adjusting valve (15) needs to be kept stable;
when the system needs to rapidly dump load and the operation of the running frequency of the compressor variable frequency motor (3) cannot meet the requirement of rapid adjustment of the power generation load, the opening of a turbine inlet regulating valve (15) is rapidly closed to be below 80%, the opening of a turbine bypass regulating valve (19) is rapidly opened to be large, the opening of a compressor surge-proof valve (6) is rapidly opened to be large, the heating power of a main loop heater (14) is rapidly reduced, the flow of a cooling medium of a main loop cooler (22) is rapidly increased, the opening of a high-pressure storage loop inlet valve (9) is rapidly opened to be 100%, a high-pressure storage loop cooler (10) is opened, and a working medium is discharged to a high-pressure working medium storage tank (11) from the main loop circulation; after the target is reduced, gradually closing the opening degrees of the compressor surge-proof valve (6) and the turbine bypass regulating valve (19) to 0%, gradually reducing the operation frequency of the compressor variable frequency motor (3) and keeping the pressure of the inlet and the outlet of the compressor stable, gradually increasing the opening degree of the turbine inlet regulating valve (15) to 80-100% and keeping the pressure of the medium behind the valve stable; meanwhile, the heating power of a loop heater (14) and the flow of a cooling medium of a main loop cooler (22) are slowly adjusted, and the temperature of the medium before a turbine inlet adjusting valve (15) is kept stable; after the pressure and the temperature of the system are stable, closing an inlet valve (9) of the high-pressure storage loop, and shutting down a cooler (10) of the high-pressure storage loop;
when the system needs emergency shutdown, rapidly opening a turbine bypass regulating valve (19) to 100 percent, rapidly closing a turbine inlet regulating valve (15) to 0 percent, rapidly opening a turbine emptying valve 30 to 100 percent, rapidly opening a compressor surge-preventing valve (6) to 5 to 30 percent, rapidly closing a main loop heater (14), rapidly increasing the flow of a cooling medium of a main loop cooler (22), rapidly opening a high-pressure storage loop inlet valve (9) to 100 percent, starting a high-pressure storage loop cooler (10), and discharging the working medium to a high-pressure working medium storage tank (11) from the circulation of the main loop, after the temperature of the main loop heater (14) is not raised to exceed the standard, closing a compressor variable frequency motor (3), and after the rotating speed of a compressor (4) is reduced to 0, closing a compressor dry gas sealing flow control valve (2);
when the rotating speed of the turbine is reduced to 0, the turbine turning machine (16) is started immediately to turn on the turbineTurning at low speed, starting a turbine cooling fan to cool the turbine outer cylinder, reducing the opening degree of a turbine dry gas sealing control valve (20), and keeping the flow of the turbine dry gas sealing at 50Nm3/h～200Nm3In a small flow range/h, the temperature cooling rate of the turbine cylinder body is controlled by adjusting the opening of the turbine exhaust valve (30) and the air quantity of the turbine cooling fan, the temperature difference range of the inner wall and the outer wall of the turbine (17) is monitored and kept between 20 ℃ and 50 ℃, the temperature difference range is kept above the temperature until the temperature of the inner wall of the turbine (17) is lower than 180 ℃, the turbine disc turning motor (16) and the turbine cooling fan are shut down, and the opening of the dry gas seal control valve (20) and the opening of the turbine exhaust valve (30) are shut down to 0%.
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| CN114856730A (en) * | 2022-04-27 | 2022-08-05 | 重庆江增船舶重工有限公司 | Closed circulating cooling system of supercritical carbon dioxide turbine and adjusting method |
| CN114993424A (en) * | 2022-05-20 | 2022-09-02 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | High-temperature high-pressure supercritical CO by standard meter method 2 Flowmeter balance state calibration device and method |
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