CN113134630B - Nickel-titanium shape memory alloy component and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Nickel-titanium shape memory alloy component and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113134630B CN113134630B CN202110459802.9A CN202110459802A CN113134630B CN 113134630 B CN113134630 B CN 113134630B CN 202110459802 A CN202110459802 A CN 202110459802A CN 113134630 B CN113134630 B CN 113134630B
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- 229910001000 nickel titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 135
- 229910001285 shape-memory alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- HZEWFHLRYVTOIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ti].[Ni] Chemical compound [Ti].[Ni] HZEWFHLRYVTOIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical group [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 25
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- HLXZNVUGXRDIFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel titanium Chemical compound [Ti].[Ti].[Ti].[Ti].[Ti].[Ti].[Ti].[Ti].[Ti].[Ti].[Ti].[Ni].[Ni].[Ni].[Ni].[Ni].[Ni].[Ni].[Ni].[Ni].[Ni].[Ni].[Ni].[Ni].[Ni] HLXZNVUGXRDIFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 19
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 14
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 5
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 4
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- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000005457 ice water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001938 differential scanning calorimetry curve Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010410 dusting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B22F1/0003—
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/007—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt with a light metal (alkali metal Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs; earth alkali metal Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Al Ga, Ge, Ti) or B, Si, Zr, Hf, Sc, Y, lanthanides, actinides, as the next major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
Abstract
The invention discloses a nickel-titanium shape memory alloy component and a preparation method thereof, wherein the nickel-titanium shape memory alloy component and the preparation method thereof adopt a laser selective melting method under a low-oxygen condition of a forming chamber, nickel-titanium alloy powder of 15-53 microns is used, wherein the atomic fraction content of nickel is 50.5-51.0%, and the balance is titanium. By adopting the preparation method, the processing problem of the nickel-titanium alloy is solved, and the nickel-titanium alloy can be used for preparing nickel-titanium alloy components with complex structures; and laser melting process parameters such as laser power, scanning speed, scanning interval and the like can be adjusted in a large range, so that the nickel-titanium shape memory alloy component with a plurality of phase change temperatures and large temperature difference is obtained, the good mechanical property of the nickel-titanium alloy component is kept, and the nickel-titanium alloy component with a multi-action deformation behavior or a programmable deformation behavior function can be obtained.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metal materials and additive manufacturing, in particular to a nickel-titanium shape memory alloy component and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Different from the traditional material reduction processing mode, additive manufacturing (commonly called 3D printing) is a novel processing technology which is used for accumulating powder, wires, foils and the like layer by layer according to a preset three-dimensional model by using heat sources such as laser, electron beams and the like according to a digital model and a 'discrete-accumulation' principle and finally preparing a required component. The additive manufacturing technology can form a highly complex structure, has the characteristics of high automation, customizability and the like, is widely concerned at home and abroad, and is rapidly developed.
The nickel-titanium alloy is a metal intelligent material with shape memory effect, and can automatically restore the self deformation to the original shape at a certain specific temperature. In addition to functional properties, nitinol also exhibits excellent mechanical properties, such as elongation of 20% or more, excellent fatigue resistance, damping properties, corrosion resistance, and good biocompatibility. Therefore, the material can meet the application requirements of various engineering and medicine, and is a functional material with excellent performance and wide application prospect.
However, the nickel-titanium alloy has poor machining performance and welding capability, and the traditional metal material machining and forming technology is not suitable for the production of complex nickel-titanium alloy components, and is difficult to realize by adopting the traditional metal material machining and forming method particularly for the same component with different phase transition temperature regions. The traditional nickel-titanium alloy component is processed by homogeneous materials, different parts of the whole component have the same phase transition temperature, under the excitation of external temperature, after the temperature is raised to a certain temperature, the different parts of the component can simultaneously generate shape recovery, and the traditional NiTi alloy component can only respond to one temperature and cannot respond to a plurality of temperature excitations.
At present, there are two main methods for preparing nitinol components with multiple transformation temperature regions: (1) processing a traditional nickel-titanium alloy plate or wire material by using laser, namely performing laser remelting on different parts of the nickel-titanium alloy wire or plate to volatilize part of nickel, further changing local phase-change temperature, and performing different laser remelting processes on different parts to obtain a nickel-titanium alloy member with a plurality of phase-change temperature regions; (2) the phase change temperature is changed by changing the technological parameters by utilizing the selective laser melting technology, so that different parts can recover at different excitation temperatures.
The above methods all have certain drawbacks: the nickel-titanium alloy member prepared by the traditional method has the advantages that different parts of the nickel-titanium alloy member often have the same phase transition temperature, and can only respond to a single temperature under external excitation, and multi-action deformation cannot be realized; the laser local heating melting technology can only process thinner plates or thinner wires and is not suitable for thick plates or thick wires; the nickel-titanium alloy member with a simple structure can be processed only, such as a plate or a wire, and is difficult to apply to the nickel-titanium alloy member with a complex structure, because the complex nickel-titanium alloy member is difficult to process by using the traditional method, and certain parts of the complex member cannot be irradiated by laser, so that the parts cannot be subjected to remelting treatment; the nickel-titanium alloy component is processed by adopting a laser selective melting method, in order to obtain a compact component, the variable range of process parameters is small, the adjustable range of phase change temperature is small, the phase change temperatures of different parts are difficult to separate, namely, the phase change temperature difference of the different parts is small, the phase change temperature regions with different phase change temperatures are difficult to further increase, if the laser selective melting process parameters such as laser power, scanning speed and other parameters are changed in a large range, the mechanical property of the component is reduced, the material becomes brittle, the deformable quantity of the nickel-titanium alloy component is rapidly reduced, namely, only small deformation can be carried out on the nickel-titanium alloy component, and if external force is applied to deform the nickel-titanium alloy component greatly, the physical structure of the component is damaged.
Therefore, it is necessary to develop a shape memory alloy member suitable for all nitinol members (including simple members and complex members), which has a large phase transition temperature difference between different phase transition temperature regions, and which can maintain good mechanical properties of the nitinol member, and a method for preparing the same.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a nickel-titanium shape memory alloy component and a preparation method thereof, wherein the nickel-titanium shape memory alloy component and the preparation method thereof adopt a selective laser melting method under a low oxygen condition, and can adjust laser melting process parameters in a large range, so that a plurality of phase change regions with large phase change temperature difference can be arranged on the same nickel-titanium alloy component, good mechanical properties of the nickel-titanium alloy component are kept, and the nickel-titanium alloy component with a multi-action deformation behavior or a programmable deformation behavior function can be obtained.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the invention provides a method for preparing a nickel-titanium shape memory alloy component, wherein the nickel-titanium shape memory alloy component is prepared by adopting a selective laser melting process, and the oxygen content of gas in a forming bin of the selective laser melting process is below 15ppm before laser opening.
The ppm is a unit representing the concentration of the gas, and is one part per million, generally referred to as a volume fraction.
Preferably, the selective laser melting process uses nickel-titanium alloy powder as a raw material, the particle size of the nickel-titanium alloy powder is 15-53 microns, the atomic fraction content of nickel in the nickel-titanium alloy powder is 50.5% -51.0%, and the balance is titanium.
Preferably, the nickel titanium alloy powder is dried for use in preparing the nickel titanium shape memory alloy member.
Preferably, the generation of the plurality of phase transition temperature zones on the nickel-titanium shape memory alloy component is realized by adjusting at least one parameter of laser power, laser scanning speed and scanning interval of the selective laser melting process.
Preferably, the powder spreading thickness can be adjusted by the selective laser melting process, and is 20-80 microns.
Further preferably, the powder thickness is 30 microns.
In a second aspect, the invention provides a nickel-titanium shape memory alloy component, which is prepared by a selective laser melting process, wherein in the preparation process, the selective laser melting process keeps the oxygen content of gas in a forming bin below 15ppm before laser is started;
the nickel titanium shape memory alloy member has a plurality of regions of differing phase transition temperatures.
Preferably, the nickel titanium shape memory alloy member has at least 2 regions with different phase transition temperatures, and the phase transition temperature difference of the different phase transition temperature regions is not less than 5 ℃.
Preferably, the elongation of the nickel titanium shape memory alloy member is greater than 10%.
Further preferably, the elongation of the nitinol member is greater than 12%.
Preferably, the nickel titanium shape memory alloy member is an alloy member having a multi-action deformation behavior function.
Preferably, the nickel titanium shape memory alloy member is an alloy member having a programmable deformation behavior function.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: firstly, a selective laser melting method is adopted, so that the processing problem of nickel-titanium alloy is solved as a processing method, and a nickel-titanium alloy component with a complex structure is prepared; secondly, the nickel-titanium alloy can be used as a physical and chemical metallurgy method to realize the large-scale regulation and control of the phase transition temperature of the nickel-titanium alloy and prepare nickel-titanium alloy components with different phase transition temperatures at different parts; in the melting process of the laser selective area, the oxygen content (less than 15ppm before laser starting) and the powder Ni content in the forming bin are strictly controlled, so that the nickel-titanium alloy still has good mechanical property and functional characteristics while the melting process parameters (particularly laser scanning speed) of the laser selective area are changed in a large range; and fourthly, preparing the nickel-titanium alloy component under the condition of strictly controlling the oxygen content in the forming bin, wherein the obtained phase change peak value is narrow, the phase change temperatures of different areas of the nickel-titanium alloy component prepared under different parameters are narrow, and the alloy component with larger phase change temperature difference can be obtained.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a shape recovery process of a nickel-titanium shape memory alloy member prepared by the method of the present invention at different temperatures;
FIG. 2 is a graph of the phase change behavior and tensile mechanical properties of the nickel titanium shape memory alloy member of FIG. 1 in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of another shape recovery process of the shape memory alloy member made by the method of the present invention at different temperatures;
wherein:
1. a first arm; 2. a second arm; 3. a third arm; 4. a fourth arm; 5. a first portion; 6. a second portion; 7. a third portion;
101. representing the original shape of the structure for the printed structure;
102. the structure is in a shape after low-temperature deformation;
103. after the temperature is increased to 28 ℃, the first arm finishes the recovery;
104. after the temperature is increased to 42 ℃, the second arm finishes the recovery;
105. after the temperature is increased to 62 ℃, the third arm finishes the recovery;
106. after the temperature is increased to 73 ℃, the fourth arm finishes the recovery;
201. representing the original shape of the structure for the printed structure;
202. the structure is in a shape after low-temperature deformation;
203. after the temperature is increased to 30 ℃, the second part finishes recovery;
204. after the temperature is increased to 55 ℃, the third part finishes recovery;
205. after warming to 70 ℃, the first part completes recovery.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a nickel-titanium shape memory alloy component and a preparation method thereof, wherein the nickel-titanium shape memory alloy component and the preparation method thereof adopt a laser selective melting method under a low oxygen condition, and can adjust laser melting process parameters in a large range, thereby realizing that a plurality of phase change regions with large phase change temperature difference are arranged on the same nickel-titanium alloy component, maintaining the good mechanical property of the nickel-titanium alloy component, and obtaining the nickel-titanium alloy component with multi-action deformation behavior or programmable deformation behavior function.
The invention provides a preparation method of a nickel-titanium shape memory alloy component, which adopts a selective laser melting process to prepare the nickel-titanium shape memory alloy component, wherein the oxygen content of gas in a forming bin of the selective laser melting process is below 15ppm before laser is started.
Laser selective melting technology, also known as selective laser melting (selective laser melting), is an additive manufacturing technology based on lasers and powder beds.
Preferably, the selective laser melting process uses nickel-titanium alloy powder as a raw material, the particle size of the nickel-titanium alloy powder is 15-50 microns, the content of nickel in the nickel-titanium alloy powder is 50.5-51.0 at% (atomic fraction), and the balance is titanium.
The inventors found that when the Ni content is below 50.5 at.%, a wide range of regulation of the transformation temperature cannot be achieved. The main principle of changing laser parameters to regulate the phase transition temperature of the nickel-titanium alloy is that partial Ni elements are volatilized while the nickel-titanium alloy powder is melted by laser. On the one hand, when the Ni content is higher than 50.0 at.%, the phase transition temperature of the nickel-titanium alloy is very sensitive to the Ni content, and the volatilization of the Ni element can cause the phase transition temperature of the nickel-titanium alloy to rise; when the Ni content is lower than 50.0 at.%, the volatilization of the Ni content does not influence the phase transition temperature of the nickel-titanium alloy, namely, the change of the selective laser melting process parameters does not greatly influence the phase transition temperature of the nickel-titanium alloy. On the other hand, when the Ni content of the nitinol powder is higher than 51.0 at.%, due to the material characteristics, cracks may be generated during rapid heating melting-rapid cooling solidification in the laser additive manufacturing process, resulting in a sharp decrease in mechanical properties of the nitinol, even direct cracking.
Preferably, the nickel titanium alloy powder is dried for use in making the nickel titanium shape memory alloy member.
Further preferably, after the dried nickel-titanium alloy powder is put into the 3D printer, atmosphere culture needs to be carried out on the forming bin, and the oxygen content in the forming bin is required to be reduced to below 15ppm before the laser is started.
The method for reducing the oxygen content in the forming bin to below 15ppm comprises the following steps: the forming chamber is first evacuated to a pressure of not more than-800 mbar and then highly pure argon (purity > 99.999%) is introduced. And repeated several times until the oxygen content is below 15 ppm. Or argon is directly introduced into the forming bin, and the oxygen content in the forming bin is reduced in a gas replacement mode until the oxygen content in the forming bin is lower than 15 ppm.
The inventor finds that if the oxygen content in the forming bin is too high, the nickel-titanium alloy with better performance can be obtained only under a specific process; and after the oxygen content in the forming bin is reduced, the nickel-titanium alloy component with good mechanical property can be obtained even if the process parameters are changed in a large range and the laser scanning strategy is changed.
Preferably, the generation of the plurality of phase transition temperature zones on the nickel-titanium shape memory alloy component is realized by adjusting at least one parameter of laser power, laser scanning speed and scanning interval of the selective laser melting process.
The transformation temperature of the invention refers to the transformation of the nickel-titanium alloy from an austenite phase to a martensite phase in the cooling process, and the transformation temperature is the martensite transformation temperature (including the martensite transformation starting temperature, the martensite transformation peak value and the martensite transformation finishing temperature); nitinol alloys undergo a martensite to austenite phase transformation during heating, with the transformation temperature being the austenite transformation temperature (including austenite transformation start, peak, and finish temperatures).
Preferably, the selective laser melting process can adjust the powder spreading thickness, and the powder spreading thickness is 20-80 microns; further preferably, the dusting thickness is 30 microns.
The invention provides a nickel-titanium shape memory alloy component, which is prepared by adopting a selective laser melting process, wherein the oxygen content of gas in a forming bin of the selective laser melting process is kept below 15ppm in the preparation process;
the nitinol shape memory alloy member has a plurality of regions of differing transformation temperatures.
Preferably, the nitinol shape memory alloy member has at least 2 regions of different phase transition temperatures, the different phase transition temperature regions corresponding to a phase transition temperature difference of no less than 5 ℃.
Preferably, the elongation of the nickel titanium shape memory alloy member is greater than 10%.
Preferably, the nickel titanium shape memory alloy member is an alloy member having a multi-action deformation behavior function.
The shape memory nickel titanium alloy will maintain the deformed shape after deformation in the martensitic state, and is heated, and when the temperature rises to above the austenite transformation temperature, the shape will recover with the phase transformation, and finally recover to the original shape. The multi-action deformation means that different parts of the nickel-titanium alloy component have different phase transition temperatures, and the shape of the different parts is recovered along with the increase of the temperature, namely the shape of the component can respond to a plurality of temperatures, and the nickel-titanium alloy component has a plurality of actions (shape deformation or shape recovery) along with the increase of the temperature.
Preferably, the nickel titanium shape memory alloy member is an alloy member having a programmable deformation behavior function.
The programmable deformation behavior is that the shape of the nickel-titanium alloy component is regulated and controlled by controlling the temperature as an input quantity on the basis of multi-action change.
The nickel-titanium shape memory alloy member can be prepared into a multi-action programmable deformable nickel-titanium alloy structure, different parts adopt different laser processing parameters to respond to different excitation temperatures, and the nickel-titanium shape memory alloy member can be restored according to a preset sequence under the change (temperature rise) of an external temperature, so that multi-action deformation and programmable deformation are realized.
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The nickel-titanium shape memory alloy member shown in figure 1 is prepared by the preparation method of the nickel-titanium shape memory alloy member, nickel-titanium alloy powder is used, the particle size of the powder is 15-53 microns, the component is Ni content (atomic fraction) 50.6 at.%, and the oxygen content of gas in a forming bin is kept at 0-6ppm in the preparation process.
When 4 arms of the structure are prepared, different laser scanning speeds are selected, the laser power of 120W is kept unchanged, the scanning interval is 80 mu m, and the powder layer spreading thickness is 30 mu m. The different scanning speeds lead to different martensitic transformation temperatures, so that the 4 arms of the structure complete shape recovery at different temperatures.
As shown in figure 1, the structure is provided with 4 arms, in the additive manufacturing process, different laser scanning speeds are selected, wherein the laser scanning speeds are 400mm/s, 500mm/s, 800mm/s and 1200mm/s respectively, the first arm 1, the second arm 2, the third arm 3 and the fourth arm 4 are printed to form the nickel titanium shape memory alloy component with the shape shown in 101 of figure 1, and due to the different scanning speeds, the 4 arms of the structure have different martensitic transformation temperatures (shown in a DSC curve of figure 2 a), so that the different arms can recover shapes at different temperatures in the heating process. Meanwhile, the nickel-titanium alloy prepared by adopting the parameters has good tensile mechanical property (as shown in a tensile curve of fig. 2 b). After the 3D printing is completed, it is largely deformed in liquid nitrogen (or ice water), and the deformed member is placed in a water bath and heated as shown at 102 in fig. 1. As the temperature increases, the four arms complete shape recovery at 28 ℃ (shown as 103 in fig. 1), 42 ℃ (shown as 104 in fig. 1), 62 ℃ (shown as 105 in fig. 1) and 73 ℃ (shown as 106 in fig. 1), i.e. the structure can be deformed in multiple motions in response to multiple temperatures.
Example 2
The nickel-titanium shape memory alloy member shown in fig. 3 is prepared by the method for preparing the nickel-titanium shape memory alloy member, nickel-titanium alloy powder is used, the particle size of the powder is 15-53 microns, the component is Ni content 51.0 at.% (atomic fraction), and the oxygen content of gas in a forming bin is kept at 10-15ppm in the preparation process.
The structure is prepared using a selective laser melting technique, as shown in fig. 3. The structure is divided into three parts, in the additive manufacturing process, different laser powers of 70W, 100W and 150W are selected, the first part 5, the second part 6 and the third part 7 are obtained through printing, the nickel-titanium shape memory alloy component with the shape shown as 201 in fig. 3 is formed, the laser scanning speed is 800mm/s, the laser scanning interval is 80 microns, and the powder layer spreading thickness is 30 microns. Due to different laser powers, three parts of the structure have different martensite phase transformation temperatures, so that different arms can recover shapes at different temperatures in the temperature rising process. Meanwhile, the nickel-titanium alloy prepared by adopting the parameters has good tensile mechanical property. After printing is completed, it is largely deformed in liquid nitrogen (or ice water) (as shown at 202 in fig. 3), and the deformed member is put into a water bath and heated. As the temperature increased, the three portions achieved shape recovery at 30 ℃ (shown as 203 in fig. 3), 55 ℃ (shown as 204 in fig. 3) and 70 ℃ (shown as 205 in fig. 3). That is, the structure can be deformed in multiple motions in response to a plurality of temperatures.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above-mentioned embodiments are only specific embodiments of the present invention, which are used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that: any person skilled in the art can modify or easily conceive the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or equivalent substitutes for some technical features within the technical scope of the present disclosure; such modifications, changes or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention in its spirit and scope. Are intended to be covered by the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.
The applicant declares that the technical solution of the present invention is illustrated by the above embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, that is, the present invention is not meant to be implemented only by relying on the above embodiments. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that any modification of the present invention, equivalent substitutions of the raw materials of the product of the present invention, addition of auxiliary components, selection of specific modes, etc., are within the scope and disclosure of the present invention.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, however, the present invention is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments, and various simple modifications may be made to the technical solution of the present invention within the technical idea of the present invention, and these simple modifications are within the protective scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the various technical features described in the above embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction, and the invention is not described in any way for the possible combinations in order to avoid unnecessary repetition.
Claims (6)
1. A preparation method of a nickel-titanium shape memory alloy component is characterized in that the nickel-titanium shape memory alloy component is prepared by adopting a selective laser melting process, the oxygen content of gas in a forming bin of the selective laser melting process is below 15ppm before laser is started, a plurality of phase change temperature areas are generated on the nickel-titanium shape memory alloy component by adjusting at least one parameter of laser power, laser scanning speed and scanning interval of the selective laser melting process, the nickel-titanium shape memory alloy component is provided with at least 2 areas with different phase change temperatures, and the phase change temperature difference corresponding to the different phase change temperature areas is not less than 5 ℃;
the selective laser melting process uses nickel-titanium alloy powder as a raw material, the particle size of the nickel-titanium alloy powder is 15-53 microns, the atomic fraction content of nickel in the nickel-titanium alloy powder is 50.5% -51.0%, and the balance is titanium;
the elongation of the nickel-titanium shape memory alloy component is more than 10%.
2. A method of making a nickel titanium shape memory alloy member according to claim 1 wherein the nickel titanium alloy powder is dried and used to make the nickel titanium shape memory alloy member.
3. The method for preparing a nickel titanium shape memory alloy component according to claim 1, wherein the selective laser melting process can further adjust the powder spreading thickness, and the powder spreading thickness is 20-80 microns.
4. A nickel titanium shape memory alloy component is characterized in that the nickel titanium shape memory alloy component is prepared by adopting a selective laser melting process, and the oxygen content of gas in a forming bin of the selective laser melting process is kept below 15ppm in the preparation process;
the nickel-titanium shape memory alloy component is provided with at least 2 regions with different phase transition temperatures, and the phase transition temperature difference corresponding to the different phase transition temperature regions is not less than 5 ℃;
the selective laser melting process uses nickel-titanium alloy powder as a raw material, the particle size of the nickel-titanium alloy powder is 15-53 microns, the atomic fraction content of nickel in the nickel-titanium alloy powder is 50.5% -51.0%, and the balance is titanium;
the elongation of the nickel-titanium shape memory alloy component is more than 10%.
5. The nitinol member of claim 4 wherein the nitinol member is an alloy member having a multi-action deformation behavior function.
6. The nitinol shape memory alloy member of claim 4, wherein the nitinol shape memory alloy member is an alloy member having a programmable deformation behavior function.
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