CN113134628B - Laser additive machining method and application of Ti-Ni-Cu-Co material - Google Patents

Laser additive machining method and application of Ti-Ni-Cu-Co material Download PDF

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CN113134628B
CN113134628B CN202110424765.8A CN202110424765A CN113134628B CN 113134628 B CN113134628 B CN 113134628B CN 202110424765 A CN202110424765 A CN 202110424765A CN 113134628 B CN113134628 B CN 113134628B
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powder
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CN113134628A (en
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杨英
刘何龙
郝世杰
郭方敏
沈慧
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China University of Petroleum Beijing
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China University of Petroleum Beijing
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C14/00—Alloys based on titanium

Abstract

The invention provides a laser additive machining method and application of a Ti-Ni-Cu-Co material. The processing method comprises the following steps: Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy powder forms a layer to be treated, and the molecular formula of the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy powder is (Ti)xNi100‑x‑yCuy)100‑zCozWherein x is more than or equal to 50 and less than or equal to 65, y is more than or equal to 10 and less than or equal to 25, and z is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 10; 2) performing laser material increase treatment on the layer to be treated according to the printing process parameters to form a target layer; 3) repeatedly executing the step 1) to the step 2) to form a Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy piece; in the laser material increasing treatment, the laser power is 60-180W, the laser scanning speed is 200-1400mm/s, and the laser scanning interval is 50-130 μm. The processing method can ensure the mechanical property of the processed piece, and can also ensure that the processed piece has good high compression stability and elastic heat effect.

Description

Laser additive machining method and application of Ti-Ni-Cu-Co material
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of laser additive manufacturing, in particular to a laser additive processing method and application of a Ti-Ni-Cu-Co material.
Background
With the increasing demand for food storage and transportation, space refrigeration and industrial refrigeration, refrigeration technology plays a very important role in modern society. The global refrigeration electricity consumption accounts for 25% -30% of the total electricity consumption. The most widely used refrigeration technology today is the vapor compression refrigeration technology, and the extensive use of this technology has created and exacerbated many global environmental problems. The use of the early freon (CFC) and Hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC) refrigerants damages the ozone layer, the substitute Hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) refrigerants generally have high greenhouse effect, and the development of new environment-friendly refrigerants is urgent to improve the ozone hole and global warming crisis caused by the refrigerants. The missile heating refrigeration technology is a non-vapor compression refrigeration technology emerging in recent years, the basic principle of the missile heating refrigeration technology is proposed by british scientists in 2004, and the missile heating refrigeration technology is recognized as the most potential novel refrigeration technology by the U.S. department of energy in 2014.
Currently, a variety of elasto-thermal materials are being investigated, including Ni-Ti-based, Cu-based, and Ni-Mn-based shape memory alloys. Among these material systems, Ni — Ti based shape memory alloys have been most widely studied because of their excellent mechanical properties, large elastic-thermal effect, excellent corrosion resistance and commercial application prospects. However, the greater stress hysteresis of binary Ni-Ti based shape memory alloys results in greater energy loss during loading and unloading, which is undesirable during the refrigeration cycle. In addition, the binary Ni-Ti based shape memory alloy studied at present has poor cycling stability in application, and is difficult to meet the requirement of people on the cycling stability of refrigeration cycle. Partial replacement of Ni atoms by Cu atoms has been shown to be very effective in reducing stress hysteresis of the memory alloy sample and also significantly increase the cycling stability of the sample. Ti can be precipitated by adding Cu element in Ti-Ni shape memory alloy rich in titanium2The existence of the precipitated phase of Cu can effectively improve the lattice compatibility, and the cycle performance of Cu is obviously improved compared with that of the original binary Ni-Ti alloy. The phase transition temperature of designed Ti-Ni-Cu alloys rich in Ti is generally higher than room temperature, but does not meet the ideal working temperature room temperature at which the desired elasto-thermal effect occurs. In order to reduce the phase transition temperature of the Ti-Ni-Cu alloy rich in titanium, a fourth element is doped by an alloying method in the prior art, and the element can effectively reduce the phase transition point of the alloy on the premise of not changing a phase transition path, phase transition latent heat, temperature lag, stress lag and cycle performance, thereby obtaining the elastic thermal effect at room temperature.
However, the existing Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy has poor plasticity and difficult machining, can not manufacture parts with large specific surface area, pore channels and other structures, and is difficult to realize high heat exchange efficiency of elastic heat refrigeration.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a laser additive machining method of a Ti-Ni-Cu-Co material, which can perform laser additive machining by taking Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy powder as an object, can manufacture an alloy part with a large specific surface area and a pore channel, and further can enable the alloy part to have good compression cycle stability and elastic heating effect.
The invention also provides a Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy part which has good compression cycle stability and elastic heating effect.
The invention provides a laser additive machining method of a Ti-Ni-Cu-Co material, which comprises the following steps of:
1) presetting Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy powder to form a layer to be treated, wherein the molecular formula of the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy powder is (Ti)xNi100-x-yCuy)100-zCozWherein x is more than or equal to 50 and less than or equal to 65, y is more than or equal to 10 and less than or equal to 25, and z is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 10;
2) performing laser material increase treatment on the layer to be treated according to the printing process parameters to form a target layer;
3) repeatedly executing the step 1) to the step 2) to form a Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy piece;
in the laser material increasing treatment, the laser power is 60-180W, the laser scanning speed is 200-1400mm/s, and the laser scanning interval is 50-130 μm.
The machining method as described above, wherein the laser additive process is a stripe rotation scan pattern;
wherein the width of the strip is 2-10mm, the rotation angle of the strip layer by layer is theta, and the theta is more than or equal to 40 degrees and less than or equal to 90 degrees.
The processing method as described above, wherein the thickness of the layer to be treated is 20 to 60 μm.
The method of processing as described above, wherein the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy powder has a particle size of 5 to 250 μm.
The processing method comprises the steps that in the laser material increase processing, the laser power is 130-.
The processing method as described above, wherein the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy powder has a formula of (Ti)xNi100-x- yCuy)100-zCozWherein x is more than or equal to 53 and less than or equal to 60, y is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 20, and z is more than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 5.
The method of processing as described above, wherein the particle size of the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy powder is 13 to 53 μm.
The processing method as described above, wherein, in the laser additive processing, the spot diameter is 50-100 μm.
The processing method as described above, wherein step 1) further includes: and carrying out preheating treatment on the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy powder, wherein the preheating treatment temperature is 60-120 ℃, and the preheating time is 4-8 hours.
The invention also provides a Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy piece obtained by the processing method.
According to the laser additive processing method for the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co material, the technological parameters of laser additive processing are limited, Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy powder is used as an object, an alloy piece with a large specific surface area and pore channels is processed by a laser additive technology without complex processing processes such as die development, casting, forging, rolling and welding, the forming precision is high, the surface quality is good, the internal defects are few, and the alloy piece has good compression stability and elastic thermal effect. The processing method fills the technical blank that the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy powder cannot be effectively utilized to process to obtain the alloy part with large specific surface area and pore canal at present, and is suitable for processing and manufacturing parts with high compression stability and elastic-thermal effect in the non-vapor compression refrigeration field.
The Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy part provided by the invention is obtained by laser additive molding under special process parameters, so that the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy part not only has a structure with a large specific surface area, a pore channel and the like, but also further optimizes the melting and solidification processes among Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy powder so as to achieve a tighter metallurgical bonding effect, finally enables the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy part to have excellent elastic heat effect and compression cycle stability, and can meet the requirements of the non-vapor compression refrigeration field on parts with high compression stability and elastic heat effect.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the related art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments of the present invention or the related art are briefly described below. It is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that for a person skilled in the art, other drawings can be derived from them without inventive effort.
FIG. 1 is a process schematic diagram of a laser additive machining method of a Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy according to some embodiments of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a differential thermal analysis (DSC) curve of a Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy sample in example 7 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing a compression mechanical curve of a Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy sample in example 7 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an optical microscope photograph of a sample Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy in example 7 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph of temperature versus time for samples of Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloys under uniaxial stress to different strains according to example 7 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a 200-cycle stress-strain diagram of a Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy sample in example 7 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a laser additive machining method of a Ti-Ni-Cu-Co material, which comprises the following steps of:
1) presetting Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy powder to form a layer to be treated, wherein the molecular formula of the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy powder is (Ti)xNi100-x-yCuy)100-zCozWherein x is more than or equal to 50 and less than or equal to 65, y is more than or equal to 10 and less than or equal to 25, and z is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 10;
2) performing laser material increase treatment on the layer to be treated according to the printing process parameters to form a target layer;
3) repeatedly executing the step 1) to the step 2) to form a Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy piece;
in the laser material increasing treatment, the laser power is 60-180W, the laser scanning speed is 200-1400mm/s, and the laser scanning interval is 50-130 μm.
The processing method provided by the invention is to process the molecular formula of (Ti) by a laser additive technologyxNi100-x-yCuy)100-zCoz(wherein x is more than or equal to 50 and less than or equal to 65, y is more than or equal to 10 and less than or equal to 25, and z is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 10) by using the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy powder. Wherein the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy powder can be Ti-Ni-Cu-Co prealloyed powder prepared by an atomic gas atomization method. The implementation main body of the method can use a conventional laser additive metal printer in the prior art, and the laser additive metal printer realizes the steps 1) -3) by controlling the preset Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy powder, melting and cooling the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy powder, so as to finally obtain the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy piece. The present invention is not particularly limited in a specific manner of the laser additive process, and the laser additive process includes at least one of a selective laser melting process and a direct laser metal sintering process. In the present invention, the selective laser melting treatment is preferable.
Exemplarily, the laser additive metal printer comprises a storage unit, a preset unit, a platform unit and a laser unit, wherein the preset unit is used for laying laser additive alloy powder stored in the storage unit on the surface of the platform in a preset and flat manner to form a layer to be processed, and the laser unit is used for performing laser melting on the layer to be processed according to printing process parameters to form a target layer. After each target layer is formed, the platform unit descends for a certain distance in the height direction, so that the next cycle of forming a layer to be processed by presetting Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy powder and forming the target layer by laser melting can be carried out, N cycles (N is more than 1) are repeated, and after the N target layers are accumulated and superposed layer by layer in the height direction, a Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy part is formed.
In general, laser additive processing is performed in an oxygen-free environment, and therefore, the environment for forming the layer to be processed and the current layer needs to be protected by a protective gas before the processing method of the present invention is performed. Illustratively, the shielding gas may be argon. In addition, it is also necessary to subject the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy powder to a preheating treatment including drying at 60 to 120 ℃ for 4 to 8 hours before step 1), for example, the preheating treatment may be performed by a vacuum drying oven, and further, the preheating treatment includes drying at 80 ℃.
In the step 1), a layer to be treated is formed in advance on the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy powder, and generally, the layer to be treated has a layered structure with a certain thickness and uniform thickness at each position.
In the step 2), laser material increase processing is carried out on the layer to be processed in the step 1) according to the printing process parameters. The printing process parameters are data obtained by slicing a desired three-dimensional model by using slicing software and then converting the sliced data by using a data processor. The printing process parameters generally comprise information for representing the shape of the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy piece to be obtained, so that the printing process parameters can control the scanning path of the laser source to perform purposefully routed laser material increase on the layer to be processed so as to obtain the target layer.
And after a target layer is formed according to the steps 1) -2), repeating the steps 1) -2), namely continuously forming a layer to be processed on the surface of the previous target layer and carrying out laser material addition on the layer to be processed to form a new target layer. And sequentially overlapping the target layers to form the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy piece. The Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy piece has a shape identical to that of the three-dimensional model to be obtained.
As described above, Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy powder has performance advantages such as high yield strength, but its molding is extremely difficult and its workability is poor. However, the laser additive machining is carried out on the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy powder by limiting special process parameters, so that the defect that the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy powder is difficult to form can be overcome, and the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy piece has excellent machining performance. Specifically, in the processing method of the invention, the laser power is 60-180W, the laser scanning speed is 200-1400mm/s, and the laser scanning interval is 50-130 μm. The laser scanning speed refers to the moving speed of the laser, and the laser scanning interval refers to the distance between two adjacent laser scanning lines.
Accordingly, the inventors speculate that the reason for achieving the above effects may be: after the laser power, the laser scanning speed and the laser scanning interval in the laser additive processing are limited, the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy powder undergoes a cycle comprising melting and solidification with a certain period in the whole laser additive processing process, so that the metallurgical structure of the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy powder is influenced to a certain extent. Taking the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy powder at a certain point in the layer to be processed as an example, when the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy powder is subjected to laser scanning of a first laser scanning line having the above laser power and the above scanning speed, the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy powder is melted; the first laser scan line will then-leave this point, where the first solidification of the molten Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy powder will take place; then, a second scan line having the laser scanning pitch with respect to the first scan line scans the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy powder again at the laser power and the scanning speed, and the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy powder, which was once solidified, is melted again, and then is solidified again. In such a reciprocating manner, the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy powder at the point undergoes a cycle including melting-solidification at a certain frequency at the above-mentioned laser scanning speed and laser scanning pitch, and the degree of melting is limited by the above-mentioned laser power and laser scanning speed, so the metallurgical structure of the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy powder is also influenced to a certain extent, and under the influence, the bonding effect between the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy powders for forming the same target layer and the bonding effect between the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy powders for adjacent target layers are significantly enhanced, thereby not only overcoming the defect that the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy powders are difficult to form, but also manufacturing an alloy part having a large specific surface area and a pore canal, and also making the finally formed Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy part have no obvious pores or cracks inside .
In order to further ensure the compressive fracture strength and compressive fracture strain of the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy piece, the nickel-titanium alloy substrate can be used as a bearing substrate of the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy piece, namely, the presetting of a layer to be processed and the formation of a target layer are carried out on the surface of the nickel-titanium alloy substrate, and the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy piece is separated from the nickel-titanium alloy substrate after molding. In some embodiments, the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy pieces may be separated from the nitinol substrate using an electrical discharge cutting process.
It should be noted that in order to avoid the occurrence of cracks in the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy part due to uneven thermal stress field, the Ni-Ti substrate may be preheated to 100-200 ℃ before step 1).
In some embodiments of the invention, the laser additive process of the invention is a stripe rotation scan pattern;
wherein the width of the strip is 2-10mm, the rotation angle of the strip layer by layer is theta, and the theta is more than or equal to 40 degrees and less than or equal to 90 degrees.
The stripe mode is to divide the layer to be processed into a plurality of stripe regions, and then perform laser scanning on each stripe region according to the layer slicing data, and the width of each stripe region is the stripe width. FIG. 1 is a process schematic diagram of a laser additive machining method of a Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy according to some embodiments of the invention. As shown in FIG. 1, the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy pieces can be formed by stacking the first target layer to the n-th target layer in this order during the process, n > 1. The laser additive processing in the processing method is a stripe rotating scanning mode, wherein the (n-1) th layer a1 to be processed is divided into six stripes, the stripe width of each stripe is equal, namely d (d is 4mm in fig. 1), and the laser scans from the first stripe to the sixth stripe in sequence in the direction indicated by an arrow in the n-1 th layer a1 to obtain an n-1 th target layer a. Subsequently, an nth layer to be processed b1 is preset in the stacking direction on the (n-1) th target layer a, and the nth layer to be processed b1 is divided into eight strips. It is to be noted that the nth layer to be treated b1 is rotated with respect to the n-1 st layer to be treated a1 by an angle theta of 40 DEG-90 DEG, in FIG. 1, theta is 67 deg.
This strip rotation scanning pattern is advantageous for further promoting the bonding of the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy powder, thereby further improving the workability of the resulting Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy piece.
In particular, when the thickness of the layer to be treated is 20 to 60 μm, the effectiveness of the laser additive treatment can be further ensured. Under the thickness, Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy powder on a laser scanning route in a layer to be processed can be guaranteed to be subjected to enough laser energy to change a metallurgical structure, and further the machinability and the mechanical property are improved.
In some embodiments of the invention, the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy powder has a particle size of 5 to 250 μm. Wherein the particle size of the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy powder is 5 to 250 μm, it means that the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy powder may be any particle size aggregate or a plurality of particle size aggregates within the above range. When the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy powder with the grain diameter is used, the powder is further ensured to be completely melted by laser, and the density and the strength of a solidified sample are improved.
Further, in the laser additive processing, the diameter of a light spot is 50-100 μm.
Furthermore, when the thickness of the layer to be processed is 25-35 μm, the laser power is 130-. Further, the molecular formula of the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy powder is (Ti)xNi100-x-yCuy)100-zCozWherein x is not less than 53 and not more than 60, y is not less than 1 and not more than 20, z is not less than 2 and not more than 5, and when the particle size of the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy powder is 15-53 mu m, the obtained Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy has more excellent compressive fracture strength, compressive fracture strain, compressive cycle stability and elastic thermal effect, for example, the compressive fracture strength can be more than 2000MPa, the compressive fracture strain can reach more than 20 percent and is 9.2x10-4s-1No fracture sign of the alloy part is found after more than 200 cycles at the strain rate; when the compressive fracture strain reaches 8%, the adiabatic temperature change can reach 8.0K, and the density can reach more than 99%。
The laser additive processing method of the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co material provided by the invention can be used for processing parts by taking Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy powder as a raw material, can realize the manufacture of parts of complex mechanisms without complex processing processes such as die development, casting, forging, rolling, welding and the like, has short process period, high utilization rate of raw materials, high processing precision and high utilization rate of raw materials, and more importantly, the obtained parts have excellent mechanical property, compression cycle stability and elastic thermal property and have no obvious defects such as key holes, cracks and the like on a microscopic level. The method is particularly suitable for processing and manufacturing parts with high compression stability and elastic heating effect in the non-vapor compression refrigeration field.
The invention also provides a Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy piece, which is obtained by the processing method. The Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy part has no obvious large-size defects on the microcosmic aspect, such as the existence of defects of cavities, cracks or impurities, and the like, and has the compressive fracture strength of not less than 2000MPa, the compressive fracture strain of not less than 20 percent and the compressive fracture strain of 9.2x10-4s-1The alloy piece does not have fracture signs after being cycled for more than 200 times at the strain rate; the alloy part has excellent elastic heating effect, and the adiabatic temperature change can reach 8.0K when the compressive strain reaches 8%.
The Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy part can particularly meet the requirements of high compression stability and elastic heat effect of parts in the processing and manufacturing of parts with high compression stability and elastic heat effect in the non-vapor compression refrigeration field.
The processing method of the present invention will be described below with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
The laser additive machining method for the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co material comprises the following steps:
1) the atomic percent is (Ti)52Ni38Cu10)99Co1The pre-alloyed powder is put into a vacuum drying oven at the temperature of 80 ℃ to be dried for 4 hours, and the grain diameter of the pre-alloyed powder is 10-250 mu m;
2) constructing a three-dimensional model of a square sample piece with the size of 10 multiplied by 6mm, slicing the three-dimensional model, determining slice data of a layer, and inputting the slice data into a SLM (selective laser melting) machine processing control system;
3) installing a nickel-titanium substrate in a forming cavity, preheating to 180 ℃, putting the powder in the step 1) into a powder cylinder, uniformly presetting the powder on the nickel-titanium substrate to form a first layer to be processed, introducing argon into the forming cavity to ensure that the oxygen content in the forming cavity is lower than 500ppm, and keeping the air pressure in the forming cavity at 10-20 mbr;
4) and carrying out laser melting treatment on the first layer to be treated according to the first layer slice data in the layer slice data to form a first target layer, then automatically ascending the powder cylinder, presetting a second layer to be treated on the target layer after the substrate automatically descends (the ascending height and the descending height are both the thickness of the second layer to be treated), carrying out laser melting treatment on the second layer to be treated according to the second layer slice data in the layer slice data to form a second target layer, and repeating the steps until the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy sample piece is processed.
Wherein the laser power is 120W, the spot diameter is 60 μm, the scanning speed is 500mm/s, the scanning interval is 80 μm, and the thickness of all layers to be processed is 30 μm; the selected scanning mode is a strip rotating scanning mode, wherein the width of a strip is 4mm, and the rotation angle of the layer by layer is 67 degrees;
5) and cleaning the residual powder, taking out the nickel-titanium substrate, and separating the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy sample piece from the nickel-titanium substrate by spark wire cutting to obtain the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy sample piece with the size of 10 multiplied by 6 mm.
Example 2
The laser additive machining method for the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co material comprises the following steps:
1) the atomic percent is (Ti)52Ni38Cu10)99Co1The prealloying powder is put into a vacuum drying oven at 80 ℃ to be dried for 4 hours, and the grain diameter of the prealloying powder is 5-250 mu m;
2) constructing a three-dimensional model of a square sample piece with the size of 10 multiplied by 6mm, slicing the three-dimensional model, determining slice data of a layer, and inputting the slice data into a SLM (selective laser melting) machine processing control system;
3) installing a nickel-titanium substrate in a forming cavity, preheating to 180 ℃, putting the powder in the step 1) into a powder cylinder, uniformly presetting the powder on the nickel-titanium substrate to form a first layer to be processed, introducing argon into the forming cavity to ensure that the oxygen content in the forming cavity is lower than 500ppm, and keeping the air pressure in the forming cavity at 10-20 mbr;
4) and carrying out laser melting treatment on the first layer to be treated according to the first layer slice data in the layer slice data to form a first target layer, then automatically ascending the powder cylinder, presetting a second layer to be treated on the target layer after the substrate automatically descends (the ascending height and the descending height are both the thickness of the second layer to be treated), carrying out laser melting treatment on the second layer to be treated according to the second layer slice data in the layer slice data to form a second target layer, and repeating the steps until the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy sample piece is processed.
Wherein the laser power is 150W, the spot diameter is 60 μm, the scanning speed is 1000mm/s, the scanning distance is 50 μm, and the thickness of all layers to be processed is 30 μm; the selected scanning mode is a strip rotating scanning mode, wherein the width of a strip is 4mm, and the rotation angle of the layer by layer is 67 degrees;
5) and cleaning the residual powder, taking out the nickel-titanium substrate, and separating the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy sample piece from the nickel-titanium substrate by spark wire cutting to obtain the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy sample piece with the size of 10 multiplied by 6 mm.
Example 3
The laser additive machining method for the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co material comprises the following steps:
1) the atomic percent is (Ti)52Ni38Cu10)99Co1The pre-alloyed powder is put into a vacuum drying oven at the temperature of 80 ℃ to be dried for 4 hours, and the grain diameter of the pre-alloyed powder is 10-250 mu m;
2) constructing a three-dimensional model of a square sample piece with the size of 10 multiplied by 6mm, slicing the three-dimensional model, determining slice data of a layer, and inputting the slice data into a SLM (selective laser melting) machine processing control system;
3) installing a nickel-titanium substrate in a forming cavity, preheating to 180 ℃, putting the powder in the step 1) into a powder cylinder, uniformly presetting the powder on the nickel-titanium substrate to form a first layer to be processed, introducing argon into the forming cavity to ensure that the oxygen content in the forming cavity is lower than 500ppm, and keeping the air pressure in the forming cavity at 10-20 mbr;
4) and carrying out laser melting treatment on the first layer to be treated according to the first layer slice data in the layer slice data to form a first target layer, then automatically ascending the powder cylinder, presetting a second layer to be treated on the target layer after the substrate automatically descends (the ascending height and the descending height are both the thickness of the second layer to be treated), carrying out laser melting treatment on the second layer to be treated according to the second layer slice data in the layer slice data to form a second target layer, and repeating the steps until the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy sample piece is processed.
Wherein the laser power is 150W, the spot diameter is 60 μm, the scanning speed is 1200mm/s, the scanning distance is 50 μm, and the thickness of all layers to be processed is 30 μm; the selected scanning mode is a strip rotating scanning mode, wherein the width of a strip is 4mm, and the rotation angle of the layer by layer is 67 degrees;
5) and cleaning the residual powder, taking out the nickel-titanium substrate, and separating the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy sample piece from the nickel-titanium substrate by spark wire cutting to obtain the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy sample piece with the size of 10 multiplied by 6 mm.
Example 4
The laser additive machining method for the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co material comprises the following steps:
1) the atomic percent is (Ti)56Ni31Cu13)98Co2The prealloying powder is put into a vacuum drying oven at 80 ℃ to be dried for 4 hours, and the grain diameter of the prealloying powder is 5-250 mu m;
2) constructing a three-dimensional model of a square sample piece with the size of 10 multiplied by 6mm, slicing the three-dimensional model, determining slice data of a layer, and inputting the slice data into a SLM (selective laser melting) machine processing control system;
3) installing a nickel-titanium substrate in a forming cavity, preheating to 180 ℃, putting the powder in the step 1) into a powder cylinder, uniformly presetting the powder on the nickel-titanium substrate to form a first layer to be processed, introducing argon into the forming cavity to ensure that the oxygen content in the forming cavity is lower than 500ppm, and keeping the air pressure in the forming cavity at 10-20 mbr;
4) and carrying out laser melting treatment on the first layer to be treated according to the first layer slice data in the layer slice data to form a first target layer, then automatically ascending the powder cylinder, presetting a second layer to be treated on the target layer after the substrate automatically descends (the ascending height and the descending height are both the thickness of the second layer to be treated), carrying out laser melting treatment on the second layer to be treated according to the second layer slice data in the layer slice data to form a second target layer, and repeating the steps until the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy sample piece is processed.
Wherein the laser power is 170W, the spot diameter is 60 μm, the scanning speed is 1100mm/s, the scanning interval is 50 μm, and the thickness of all layers to be processed is 30 μm; the selected scanning mode is a strip rotating scanning mode, wherein the width of a strip is 4mm, and the rotation angle of the layer by layer is 67 degrees;
5) and cleaning the residual powder, taking out the nickel-titanium substrate, and separating the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy sample piece from the nickel-titanium substrate by spark wire cutting to obtain the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy sample piece with the size of 10 multiplied by 6 mm.
Example 5
The laser additive machining method for the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co material comprises the following steps:
1) the atomic percent is (Ti)56Ni31Cu13)97Co3The prealloying powder is put into a vacuum drying oven at 80 ℃ to be dried for 4 hours, and the grain diameter of the prealloying powder is 5-250 mu m;
2) constructing a three-dimensional model of a square sample piece with the size of 10 multiplied by 6mm, slicing the three-dimensional model, determining slice data of a layer, and inputting the slice data into a SLM (selective laser melting) machine processing control system;
3) installing a nickel-titanium substrate in a forming cavity, preheating to 180 ℃, putting the powder in the step 1) into a powder cylinder, uniformly presetting the powder on the nickel-titanium substrate to form a first layer to be processed, introducing argon into the forming cavity to ensure that the oxygen content in the forming cavity is lower than 500ppm, and keeping the air pressure in the forming cavity at 10-20 mbr;
4) and carrying out laser melting treatment on the first layer to be treated according to the first layer slice data in the layer slice data to form a first target layer, then automatically ascending the powder cylinder, presetting a second layer to be treated on the target layer after the substrate automatically descends (the ascending height and the descending height are both the thickness of the second layer to be treated), carrying out laser melting treatment on the second layer to be treated according to the second layer slice data in the layer slice data to form a second target layer, and repeating the steps until the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy sample piece is processed.
Wherein the laser power is 180W, the spot diameter is 60 μm, the scanning speed is 1000mm/s, the scanning distance is 50 μm, and the thickness of all layers to be processed is 30 μm; the selected scanning mode is a strip rotating scanning mode, wherein the width of a strip is 4mm, and the rotation angle of the layer by layer is 67 degrees;
5) and cleaning the residual powder, taking out the nickel-titanium substrate, and separating the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy sample piece from the nickel-titanium substrate by spark wire cutting to obtain the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy sample piece with the size of 10 multiplied by 6 mm.
Example 6
The laser additive machining method for the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co material comprises the following steps:
1) the atomic percent is (Ti)56Ni31Cu13)96Co4The prealloying powder is put into a vacuum drying oven at 80 ℃ to be dried for 4 hours, and the grain diameter of the prealloying powder is 5-250 mu m;
2) constructing a three-dimensional model of a square sample piece with the size of 10 multiplied by 6mm, slicing the three-dimensional model, determining slice data of a layer, and inputting the slice data into a SLM (selective laser melting) machine processing control system;
3) installing a nickel-titanium substrate in a forming cavity, preheating to 180 ℃, putting the powder in the step 1) into a powder cylinder, uniformly presetting the powder on the nickel-titanium substrate to form a first layer to be processed, introducing argon into the forming cavity to ensure that the oxygen content in the forming cavity is lower than 500ppm, and keeping the air pressure in the forming cavity at 10-20 mbr;
4) and carrying out laser melting treatment on the first layer to be treated according to the first layer slice data in the layer slice data to form a first target layer, then automatically ascending the powder cylinder, presetting a second layer to be treated on the target layer after the substrate automatically descends (the ascending height and the descending height are both the thickness of the second layer to be treated), carrying out laser melting treatment on the second layer to be treated according to the second layer slice data in the layer slice data to form a second target layer, and repeating the steps until the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy sample piece is processed.
Wherein the laser power is 180W, the spot diameter is 60 μm, the scanning speed is 1100mm/s, the scanning interval is 50 μm, and the thickness of all layers to be processed is 30 μm; the selected scanning mode is a strip rotating scanning mode, wherein the width of a strip is 4mm, and the rotation angle of the layer by layer is 67 degrees;
5) and cleaning the residual powder, taking out the nickel-titanium substrate, and separating the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy sample piece from the nickel-titanium substrate by spark wire cutting to obtain the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy sample piece with the size of 10 multiplied by 6 mm.
Example 7
The laser additive machining method for the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co material comprises the following steps:
1) the atomic percent is (Ti)56Ni31Cu13)97Co3The prealloying powder is put into a vacuum drying oven at 80 ℃ to be dried for 4 hours, and the grain diameter of the prealloying powder is 15-53 mu m;
2) constructing a three-dimensional model of a square sample piece with the size of 10 multiplied by 6mm, slicing the three-dimensional model, determining slice data of a layer, and inputting the slice data into a SLM (selective laser melting) machine processing control system;
3) installing a nickel-titanium substrate in a forming cavity, preheating to 180 ℃, putting the powder in the step 1) into a powder cylinder, uniformly presetting the powder on the nickel-titanium substrate to form a first layer to be processed, introducing argon into the forming cavity to ensure that the oxygen content in the forming cavity is lower than 500ppm, and keeping the air pressure in the forming cavity at 10-20 mbr;
4) and carrying out laser melting treatment on the first layer to be treated according to the first layer slice data in the layer slice data to form a first target layer, then automatically ascending the powder cylinder, presetting a second layer to be treated on the target layer after the substrate automatically descends (the ascending height and the descending height are both the thickness of the second layer to be treated), carrying out laser melting treatment on the second layer to be treated according to the second layer slice data in the layer slice data to form a second target layer, and repeating the steps until the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy sample piece is processed.
Wherein the laser power is 180W, the spot diameter is 60 μm, the scanning speed is 1200mm/s, the scanning distance is 50 μm, and the thickness of all layers to be processed is 30 μm; the selected scanning mode is a strip rotating scanning mode, wherein the width of a strip is 4mm, and the rotation angle of the layer by layer is 67 degrees;
5) and cleaning the residual powder, taking out the nickel-titanium substrate, and separating the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy sample piece from the nickel-titanium substrate by spark wire cutting to obtain the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy sample piece with the size of 10 multiplied by 6 mm.
FIG. 2 is a differential thermal analysis (DSC) curve of a Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy sample in example 7 of the present invention. As can be seen from FIG. 2, the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy sample piece has reversible martensite phase transformation, and has an obvious martensite phase transformation peak in the cooling process, wherein the martensite phase transformation starting temperature Ms is-4.3 ℃, the martensite phase transformation finishing temperature Mf is-23.9 ℃, and an obvious martensite inverse transformation peak in the heating process, wherein the inverse transformation starting temperature As is-11 ℃, and the inverse transformation finishing temperature Af is 8.2 ℃. The reverse phase transformation finishing temperature is 8.2 ℃ and is lower than the room temperature of 25 ℃, so that the samples are all in a B2 parent phase state at room temperature, when a loading and unloading experiment is carried out on the samples at room temperature, a stress induced martensite phase transformation behavior can occur, and heat absorption and release are accompanied in the forward and reverse phase transformation process of the phase transformation behavior; therefore, the elastic thermal material has a good application prospect at room temperature.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing a compression mechanical curve of a Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy sample in example 7 of the present invention. As can be seen from FIG. 3, the compressive fracture strain of the alloy sample piece can reach 21.2%, and the compressive fracture strength can reach 2120 MPa.
FIG. 4 is an optical micrograph of a Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy sample according to example 7 of the present invention. As can be seen from figure 4, the alloy sample piece has no obvious defects on the surface, good forming quality and high density up to 99.98 percent.
FIG. 5 is a graph of temperature versus time for samples of Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloys of example 7 of the present invention under uniaxial stress to achieve different strains. As can be seen from FIG. 5, when the compressive strain reaches 8%, the adiabatic temperature change reaches 8.0K, and the excellent elastic thermal property is obtained.
The alloy sample was loaded and unloaded at 5.2% strain by 200 cycle stress strain diagram with loading and unloading rate of 9.2x10-4s-1And testing the cyclic stress strain condition of the alloy sample piece. FIG. 6 is a graph of 200 cycles of stress-strain for a sample Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy in example 7 of the present invention. As can be seen in fig. 6, the alloy sample is at 9.2x10-4s-1The compressive strain value of the strain rate of the composite material is basically not changed after more than 200 cycles, and the composite material has good compressive cycle stability.
Example 8
The laser additive machining method for the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co material comprises the following steps:
1) the atomic percent is (Ti)56Ni31Cu13)97Co3The prealloying powder is put into a vacuum drying oven at 80 ℃ to be dried for 4 hours, and the grain diameter of the prealloying powder is 15-53 mu m;
2) constructing a three-dimensional model of a square sample piece with the size of 10 multiplied by 6mm, slicing the three-dimensional model, determining slice data of a layer, and inputting the slice data into a SLM (selective laser melting) machine processing control system;
3) installing a nickel-titanium substrate in a forming cavity, preheating to 180 ℃, putting the powder in the step 1) into a powder cylinder, uniformly presetting the powder on the nickel-titanium substrate to form a first layer to be processed, introducing argon into the forming cavity to ensure that the oxygen content in the forming cavity is lower than 500ppm, and keeping the air pressure in the forming cavity at 10-20 mbr;
4) and carrying out laser melting treatment on the first layer to be treated according to the first layer slice data in the layer slice data to form a first target layer, then automatically ascending the powder cylinder, presetting a second layer to be treated on the target layer after the substrate automatically descends (the ascending height and the descending height are both the thickness of the second layer to be treated), carrying out laser melting treatment on the second layer to be treated according to the second layer slice data in the layer slice data to form a second target layer, and repeating the steps until the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy sample piece is processed.
Wherein the laser power is 150W, the spot diameter is 60 μm, the scanning speed is 700mm/s, the scanning distance is 60 μm, and the thickness of all layers to be processed is 30 μm; the selected scanning mode is a strip rotating scanning mode, wherein the width of a strip is 4mm, and the rotation angle of the layer by layer is 67 degrees;
5) and cleaning the residual powder, taking out the nickel-titanium substrate, and separating the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy sample piece from the nickel-titanium substrate by spark wire cutting to obtain the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy sample piece with the size of 10 multiplied by 6 mm.
Example 9
The laser additive machining method for the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co material comprises the following steps:
1) the atomic percent is (Ti)56Ni31Cu13)97Co3The prealloying powder is put into a vacuum drying oven at 80 ℃ to be dried for 4 hours, and the grain diameter of the prealloying powder is 15-53 mu m;
2) constructing a three-dimensional model of a square sample piece with the size of 10 multiplied by 6mm, slicing the three-dimensional model, determining slice data of a layer, and inputting the slice data into a SLM (selective laser melting) machine processing control system;
3) installing a nickel-titanium substrate in a forming cavity, preheating to 180 ℃, putting the powder in the step 1) into a powder cylinder, uniformly presetting the powder on the nickel-titanium substrate to form a first layer to be processed, introducing argon into the forming cavity to ensure that the oxygen content in the forming cavity is lower than 500ppm, and keeping the air pressure in the forming cavity at 10-20 mbr;
4) and carrying out laser melting treatment on the first layer to be treated according to the first layer slice data in the layer slice data to form a first target layer, then automatically ascending the powder cylinder, presetting a second layer to be treated on the target layer after the substrate automatically descends (the ascending height and the descending height are both the thickness of the second layer to be treated), carrying out laser melting treatment on the second layer to be treated according to the second layer slice data in the layer slice data to form a second target layer, and repeating the steps until the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy sample piece is processed.
Wherein the laser power is 160W, the spot diameter is 60 μm, the scanning speed is 800mm/s, the scanning distance is 60 μm, and the thickness of all layers to be processed is 30 μm; the selected scanning mode is a strip rotating scanning mode, wherein the width of each strip is 4mm, and the rotation angle of each layer is 67 degrees;
5) and cleaning the residual powder, taking out the nickel-titanium substrate, and separating the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy sample piece from the nickel-titanium substrate by spark wire cutting to obtain the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy sample piece with the size of 10 multiplied by 6 mm.
Example 10
The laser additive machining method for the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co material comprises the following steps:
1) the atomic percentage is (Ti)52Ni38Cu10)99Co1The pre-alloyed powder is put into a vacuum drying oven at the temperature of 80 ℃ to be dried for 4 hours, and the grain diameter of the pre-alloyed powder is 10-250 mu m;
2) constructing a three-dimensional model of a square sample piece with the size of 10 multiplied by 6mm, slicing the three-dimensional model, determining slice data of a layer, and inputting the slice data into a SLM (selective laser melting) machine processing control system;
3) installing a nickel-titanium substrate in a forming cavity, preheating to 180 ℃, putting the powder in the step 1) into a powder cylinder, uniformly presetting the powder on the nickel-titanium substrate to form a first layer to be processed, introducing argon into the forming cavity to ensure that the oxygen content in the forming cavity is lower than 500ppm, and keeping the air pressure in the forming cavity at 10-20 mbr;
4) and carrying out laser melting treatment on the first layer to be treated according to the first layer slice data in the layer slice data to form a first target layer, then automatically ascending the powder cylinder, presetting a second layer to be treated on the target layer after the substrate automatically descends (the ascending height and the descending height are both the thickness of the second layer to be treated), carrying out laser melting treatment on the second layer to be treated according to the second layer slice data in the layer slice data to form a second target layer, and repeating the steps until the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy sample piece is processed.
Wherein the laser power is 150W, the spot diameter is 60 μm, the scanning speed is 1200mm/s, the scanning distance is 50 μm, and the thickness of all layers to be processed is 30 μm; the selected scanning mode is a strip rotating scanning mode, wherein the width of a strip is 4mm, and the rotation angle of the layer by layer is 45 degrees;
5) and cleaning the residual powder, taking out the nickel-titanium substrate, and separating the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy sample piece from the nickel-titanium substrate by spark wire cutting to obtain the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy sample piece with the size of 10 multiplied by 6 mm.
Example 11
The laser additive machining method for the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co material comprises the following steps:
1) the atomic percent is (Ti)52Ni38Cu10)99Co1The pre-alloyed powder is put into a vacuum drying oven at the temperature of 80 ℃ to be dried for 4 hours, and the grain diameter of the pre-alloyed powder is 10-250 mu m;
2) constructing a three-dimensional model of a square sample piece with the size of 10 multiplied by 6mm, then slicing the three-dimensional model, determining layer slicing data and inputting the layer slicing data into an SLM (selective laser melting) machine processing control system;
3) installing a nickel-titanium substrate in a forming cavity, preheating to 180 ℃, putting the powder in the step 1) into a powder cylinder, uniformly presetting the powder on the nickel-titanium substrate to form a first layer to be processed, introducing argon into the forming cavity to ensure that the oxygen content in the forming cavity is lower than 500ppm, and keeping the air pressure in the forming cavity at 10-20 mbr;
4) and carrying out laser melting treatment on the first layer to be treated according to the first layer slice data in the layer slice data to form a first target layer, then automatically ascending the powder cylinder, presetting a second layer to be treated on the target layer after the substrate automatically descends (the ascending height and the descending height are both the thickness of the second layer to be treated), carrying out laser melting treatment on the second layer to be treated according to the second layer slice data in the layer slice data to form a second target layer, and repeating the steps until the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy sample piece is processed.
Wherein the laser power is 150W, the spot diameter is 60 μm, the scanning speed is 1200mm/s, the scanning distance is 50 μm, and the thickness of all layers to be processed is 50 μm; the selected scanning mode is a strip rotating scanning mode, wherein the width of a strip is 4mm, and the rotation angle of the layer by layer is 67 degrees;
5) and cleaning the residual powder, taking out the nickel-titanium substrate, and separating the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy sample piece from the nickel-titanium substrate by spark wire cutting to obtain the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy sample piece with the size of 10 multiplied by 6 mm.
Comparative example 1
The laser additive machining method for the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co material comprises the following steps:
1) the atomic percent is (Ti)56Ni31Cu13)97Co3The prealloying powder is put into a vacuum drying oven at 80 ℃ to be dried for 4 hours, and the grain diameter of the prealloying powder is 15-53 mu m;
2) constructing a three-dimensional model of a square sample piece with the size of 10 multiplied by 6mm, slicing the three-dimensional model, determining slice data of a layer, and inputting the slice data into a SLM (selective laser melting) machine processing control system;
3) installing a nickel-titanium substrate in a forming cavity, preheating to 180 ℃, putting the powder in the step 1) into a powder cylinder, uniformly presetting the powder on the nickel-titanium substrate to form a first layer to be processed, introducing argon into the forming cavity to ensure that the oxygen content in the forming cavity is lower than 500ppm, and keeping the air pressure in the forming cavity at 10-20 mbr;
4) and performing laser melting treatment on the first layer to be treated according to the first layer slice data in the layer slice data to form a first target layer, then automatically lifting the powder cylinder, after the substrate automatically descends (the lifting height and the descending height are both the thickness of the second layer to be treated), presetting the second layer to be treated on the target layer, performing laser melting treatment on the second layer to be treated according to the second layer slice data in the layer slice data to form a second target layer, and repeating the steps until the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy sample piece is processed.
Wherein the laser power is 50W, the spot diameter is 60 μm, the scanning speed is 100mm/s, the scanning distance is 40 μm, and the thickness of all layers to be processed is 30 μm; the selected scanning mode is a strip rotating scanning mode, wherein the width of a strip is 4mm, and the rotation angle of the layer by layer is 67 degrees;
5) and cleaning the residual powder, taking out the nickel-titanium substrate, and separating the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy sample piece from the nickel-titanium substrate by spark wire cutting to obtain the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy sample piece with the size of 10 multiplied by 6 mm.
Comparative example 2
The laser additive machining method for the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co material comprises the following steps of:
1) the atomic percent is (Ti)49Ni43Cu8)88Co12The prealloyed powder is put into a vacuum drying oven at 80 DEG CDrying for 4 hours until the grain diameter of the prealloyed powder is 15-53 mu m;
2) constructing a three-dimensional model of a square sample piece with the size of 10 multiplied by 6mm, slicing the three-dimensional model, determining slice data of a layer, and inputting the slice data into a SLM (selective laser melting) machine processing control system;
3) installing a nickel-titanium substrate in a forming cavity, preheating to 180 ℃, putting the powder in the step 1) into a powder cylinder, uniformly presetting the powder on the nickel-titanium substrate to form a first layer to be processed, introducing argon into the forming cavity to ensure that the oxygen content in the forming cavity is lower than 500ppm, and keeping the air pressure in the forming cavity at 10-20 mbr;
4) and carrying out laser melting treatment on the first layer to be treated according to the first layer slice data in the layer slice data to form a first target layer, then automatically ascending the powder cylinder, presetting a second layer to be treated on the target layer after the substrate automatically descends (the ascending height and the descending height are both the thickness of the second layer to be treated), carrying out laser melting treatment on the second layer to be treated according to the second layer slice data in the layer slice data to form a second target layer, and repeating the steps until the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy sample piece is processed.
Wherein the laser power is 160W, the spot diameter is 60 μm, the scanning speed is 900mm/s, the scanning distance is 60 μm, and the thickness of all layers to be processed is 30 μm; the selected scanning mode is a strip rotating scanning mode, wherein the width of a strip is 4mm, and the rotation angle of the layer by layer is 67 degrees;
5) and cleaning the residual powder, taking out the nickel-titanium substrate, and separating the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy sample piece from the nickel-titanium substrate by spark wire cutting to obtain the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy sample piece with the size of 10 multiplied by 6 mm.
Comparative example 3
The laser additive machining method for the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co material comprises the following steps:
1) the atomic percent is (Ti)49Ni43Cu8)88Co12The prealloyed powder is put into a vacuum drying oven at 80 ℃ to be dried for 4 hours, and the grain diameter of the prealloyed powder is 15-53 mu m;
2) constructing a three-dimensional model of a square sample piece with the size of 10 multiplied by 6mm, slicing the three-dimensional model, determining slice data of a layer, and inputting the slice data into a SLM (selective laser melting) machine processing control system;
3) installing a nickel-titanium substrate in a forming cavity, preheating to 180 ℃, putting the powder in the step 1) into a powder cylinder, uniformly presetting the powder on the nickel-titanium substrate to form a first layer to be processed, introducing argon into the forming cavity to ensure that the oxygen content in the forming cavity is lower than 500ppm, and keeping the air pressure in the forming cavity at 10-20 mbr;
4) and carrying out laser melting treatment on the first layer to be treated according to the first layer slice data in the layer slice data to form a first target layer, then automatically ascending the powder cylinder, presetting a second layer to be treated on the target layer after the substrate automatically descends (the ascending height and the descending height are both the thickness of the second layer to be treated), carrying out laser melting treatment on the second layer to be treated according to the second layer slice data in the layer slice data to form a second target layer, and repeating the steps until the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy sample piece is processed.
Wherein the laser power is 50W, the spot diameter is 60 μm, the scanning speed is 100mm/s, the scanning distance is 40 μm, and the thickness of all layers to be processed is 30 μm; the selected scanning mode is a strip rotating scanning mode, wherein the width of a strip is 4mm, and the rotation angle of the layer by layer is 67 degrees;
5) and cleaning the residual powder, taking out the nickel-titanium substrate, and separating the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy sample piece from the nickel-titanium substrate by spark wire cutting to obtain the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy sample piece with the size of 10 multiplied by 6 mm.
The Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy samples obtained in the examples and the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy samples of the comparative examples were examined for their relative properties, and the results are shown in Table 1.
1. Detection of compressive strength and compressive fracture strain
A compression stress-strain curve is prepared by carrying out a compression test (national standard: GB/T7314-2017) on the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy sample piece, and the compressive strength and the compressive fracture strain of the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy sample piece are obtained according to the compression stress-strain curve.
2. Detection of density
The density detection is carried out on the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy sample piece by an Archimedes drainage method, the actual density of the alloy sample piece is obtained by dividing the mass of the alloy sample piece by the volume of the drained water, and the ratio of the actual density to the theoretical density is the density.
3. Detection of adiabatic temperature change
And testing the temperature of the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy sample piece when the sample piece reaches different strains under uniaxial stress, wherein the loading speed is 0.006mm/s, the unloading speed is 0.4mm/s, and the adiabatic temperature change is measured when the compressive strain is 8%.
4. Detection of compression cycle stability
Test alloy samples at 9.2x10-4s-1The strain rate of (a) and the number of cycles that may be performed while maintaining the compressive strain value substantially constant.
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0003029376840000191
Figure BDA0003029376840000201
From table 1, it can be seen that:
1. the laser additive processing method of the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co material can realize processing by taking Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy powder as a raw material, and the obtained Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy part has excellent mechanical strength, compactness, elastic heat effect and compression cycle stability.
2. By adjusting the technological parameters of the laser additive machining method and/or the specific composition of the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy powder, the mechanical strength, the density, the elastic heat effect and the compression cycle stability of the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy piece can be further adjusted, so that the method has wide application range, and Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy pieces with different mechanical strength, density, elastic heat effect and compression cycle stability can be obtained, thereby meeting different requirements; or raw materials with different compositions can be used as processing objects to finally obtain the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy piece meeting the requirements.
All the embodiments in the present specification are described in a related manner, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments may be referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from the other embodiments.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (11)

1. A laser additive machining method of a Ti-Ni-Cu-Co material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) presetting Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy powder to form a layer to be treated, wherein the molecular formula of the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy powder is (Ti)xNi100-x-yCuy)100-zCozWherein x is more than or equal to 50 and less than or equal to 65, y is more than or equal to 10 and less than or equal to 25, and z is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 10;
2) performing laser material increase treatment on the layer to be treated according to the printing process parameters to form a target layer;
3) repeatedly executing the step 1) to the step 2) to form a Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy piece;
in the laser material increase treatment, the laser power is 130-.
2. The machining method according to claim 1, wherein the laser additive process is a stripe rotation scan pattern;
wherein the width of the strip is 2-10mm, the rotation angle of the strip layer by layer is theta, and the theta is more than or equal to 40 degrees and less than or equal to 90 degrees.
3. The process according to claim 2, characterized in that the thickness of the layer to be treated is between 20 and 60 μm.
4. The processing method according to claim 3, wherein the particle size of the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy powder is 5 to 250 μm.
5. The machining method according to claim 4, wherein in the laser additive machining, the layer-by-layer rotation angle is theta, theta is greater than or equal to 50 degrees and less than or equal to 90 degrees, and the thickness of the layer to be machined is 25-35 μm.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy powder has a formula of (Ti)xNi100-x-yCuy)100-zCozWherein x is more than or equal to 53 and less than or equal to 60, y is more than or equal to 11 and less than or equal to 20, and z is more than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 5.
7. The processing method according to claim 6, wherein the particle size of the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy powder is 15 to 53 μm.
8. The machining method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein in the laser additive processing, a spot diameter is 50 to 100 μm.
9. The process of any one of claims 1 to 7, further comprising, prior to step 1): and carrying out preheating treatment on the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy powder, wherein the preheating treatment temperature is 60-120 ℃, and the preheating time is 4-8 hours.
10. The process of claim 8, further comprising, prior to step 1): and carrying out preheating treatment on the Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy powder, wherein the preheating treatment temperature is 60-120 ℃, and the preheating time is 4-8 hours.
11. A Ti-Ni-Cu-Co alloy article, obtained by the method of processing according to any one of claims 1 to 10.
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