CN113133502B

CN113133502B - Compound additive for feeding perinatal dairy cows as well as preparation method and application thereof

Info

Publication number: CN113133502B
Application number: CN202010525438.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 曹志军; 肖鉴鑫; 刘帅; 李胜利
Original assignee: China Animal Husbandry Industry And Commerce Group Co ltd; China Agricultural University
Current assignee: China Animal Husbandry Industry And Commerce Group Co ltd; China Agricultural University
Priority date: 2020-06-10
Filing date: 2020-06-10
Publication date: 2022-11-11
Anticipated expiration: 2040-06-10
Also published as: CN113133502A

Abstract

The invention discloses a compound additive for feeding perinatal dairy cows as well as a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the compound additive comprises the following nutrient components in parts by weight: 1.5-7 parts of riboflavin, 20-45 parts of nicotinic acid, 15-28 parts of choline, 0.6-2.0 parts of folic acid and 0.1-0.45 part of cobalamin. The compound feed combines multiple nutritional supplements such as riboflavin, nicotinic acid, choline, folic acid, cobalamin and the like, and effectively improves the immune function and the production performance of the dairy cows in the perinatal period; the body fat mobilization amount after parturition is reduced, the NEFA content is obviously reduced, the occurrence of energy negative balance is reduced, and the incidence rate of nutritional and metabolic diseases of the dairy cows in the perinatal period is reduced by 6.8-65.0%; the milk yield is improved by 6.9% in the early lactation period; can improve the immunity of the dairy cow, reduce the risk of postpartum diseases of the dairy cow and improve the milk yield of the dairy cow.

Description

Compound additive for feeding perinatal dairy cows as well as preparation method and application thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of livestock production, and relates to a compound additive for feeding perinatal cows as well as a preparation method and application thereof.

Background

The perinatal period of cows is a special and important stage in the rearing of cows. During this period, cows undergo multiple physiological stages of pregnancy, parturition, and lactation; meanwhile, a series of changes and stresses occur in physiology, nutrition and metabolism of the dairy cows, so that the incidence of a series of diseases of the dairy cows in the perinatal period is always high, such as milk fever, ketosis, retained afterbirth, mastitis and the like. In the survey and analysis of longevity and main elimination reasons of the cows in more than one pasture in China, the inventor finds that the elimination of the cows in more than one pasture in more than one scale shows a certain rule in China, the elimination proportion of the cows within 60 days after delivery is the highest and accounts for 27 percent of the total number of the eliminated cows, which indicates that the newly produced cows are often eliminated under the condition that the milk production peak is not reached due to disease problems, and serious economic loss is caused to the cow breeding industry.

The cow has the characteristics that the cow has a great change in immune state due to the change of metabolism and the increase of the requirement of lactation on nutrient substances in the perinatal period, the leukocyte function is disordered to a certain degree, the immunity of lymphocytes and neutrophils is weakened, the immune function is inhibited, the congenital and acquired immune defense of the cow is reduced to the minimum in the period, and the anti-inflammatory and antibacterial abilities of the cow are rapidly reduced, so that the perinatal period diseases are high. Daily ration regulation and control in the perinatal period and the use of an immunopotentiator are effective ways for improving the immunity of perinatal cattle.

The nutrient intake of the dairy cows in the perinatal period is lower than the nutrient requirement, the organism is in a nutrient negative balance state, the body fat mobilization is accelerated to obviously increase the concentration of blood free fatty acid (NEFA), so that the cell inflammation is caused, the dairy cows have hyperketonemia and liver cell lipid infiltration, the liver cell energy and lipid metabolism are inhibited, the health of the dairy cows is threatened, and the production performance is reduced.

Nicotinic acid (vitamin B3) has the effect of resisting lipolysis, can be combined with a G-protein coupled receptor GPRl09A to inhibit the activity of adenylate cyclase, further reduce Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate (CAMP) in cells, inhibit lipolysis, can cause the rapid reduction of the concentration of plasma NEFA, and effectively relieve the negative influence caused by the negative balance of energy of the dairy cows.

Riboflavin (vitamin B2) has important functions in maintaining metabolism and resisting oxidation, mainly participates in vivo biological oxidation and energy generation, in vivo redox reaction, in the process of converting tryptophan into nicotinic acid, can increase the synthesis of nicotinic acid, participates in vivo antioxidant defense system, and improves the adaptive capacity of organism to environmental stress.

The choline (vitamin B4) can enhance the lipid metabolism of the liver and reduce the accumulation of NEFA in the liver, the rumen-protected choline is added into the dairy cow diet in the perinatal period, so that the increase amplitude of NEFA during delivery can be obviously reduced, the clearance rate of hepatic glycogen and the ratio of hepatic glycogen to triglyceride are correspondingly increased, the negative balance of energy is relieved, and the physique of the dairy cow is further enhanced.

Folic acid (vitamin B9) and cobalamin (vitamin B12) can improve the balance of energy by increasing fat transport and decreasing fat metabolism. Vitamin B12 is involved in the synthesis pathway of methionine synthetase in animals, which is essential for the regeneration of methionine, which is an essential amino acid in cows, and is required as a methyl donor in many aspects of metabolism, and when deficient, it causes diseases such as fatty liver and ketosis.

In addition, folic acid and choline are also the main methyl donors in animals, and can increase fat transporters (very low density lipoproteins) to reduce the occurrence of fatty liver, and improve the health level of the liver by reducing the concentration of NEFA.

Alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) has the functions of enhancing the immunity of the organism and enhancing the capability of phagocytizing pathogens by immune cells such as neutrophil granulocytes in the research of human beings and animals, and the capability of enhancing the immunity of the animals, particularly the anti-inflammatory capability of liver tissues by adding the alpha-tocopherol into perinatal cows.

The flavonoid compounds are secondary metabolites of plants, widely exist in stems, leaves, flowers and fruits of the plants, and mainly take 2-phenylchromone-4-ketone as a compound of a basic skeleton; it has antibacterial, antioxidant, immunity enhancing, blood immunocyte number and cytokine activity increasing, total antioxidant ability of liver tissue increasing, and liver injury protecting effects. As is known, when a dairy cow has serious energy negative balance, NEFA in the liver increases rapidly, fatty liver is easy to cause, and flavonoids compounds can effectively increase phosphorylation of SIRT1 and AMPK, so that accumulation of triglyceride in steatosis is reduced, and liver injury is relieved.

To date, no report has been made on the use of a combination of riboflavin, niacin, choline, folic acid, cobalamin, and the like, to increase the anti-inflammatory and anti-infective capabilities of perinatal cows.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention makes up the defects of the prior art and provides the compound additive for feeding the perinatal dairy cows as well as the preparation method and the application thereof, thereby more effectively improving the effect of preventing various postpartum diseases of the perinatal dairy cows and further improving the production performance of the dairy cows.

The invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a compound additive for feeding perinatal cows comprises the following nutritional ingredients:

riboflavin, niacin, choline, folic acid, and cobalamin.

Specifically, in the technical scheme, the combination of riboflavin and nicotinic acid can inhibit the accumulation of NEFA in liver from the source by inhibiting lipolysis; in addition, the combination of choline, folic acid and cobalamin can accelerate the elimination of NEFA in the liver in the process by enhancing the transportation of lipid substances in the liver, thereby synergistically playing a role in preventing the fatty liver.

In the technical scheme, the compound additive comprises the following nutritional ingredients in parts by weight:

1.5-7 parts of riboflavin, 20-45 parts of nicotinic acid, 15-28 parts of choline, 0.6-2.0 parts of folic acid and 0.1-0.45 part of cobalamin.

Further, in the above technical scheme, the compound additive comprises the following nutritional ingredients in parts by weight:

2.4 to 5 portions of riboflavin, 27.5 to 36 portions of nicotinic acid, 17.5 to 24 portions of choline, 0.75 to 1.5 portions of folic acid and 0.15 to 0.32 portion of cobalamin.

Still further, in the above technical solution, the nutritional ingredients of the compound additive further include:

flavonoids and alpha-tocopherol.

Specifically, in the technical scheme, in order to completely prevent the increase of NEFA and triglyceride in the liver and the caused up-regulation of related inflammatory factors, the alpha-tocopherol-flavonoid compound combination capable of increasing the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capabilities of the liver is added, so that the effect of protecting the liver is further achieved, and the occurrence of liver injury is avoided.

Preferably, in the above technical scheme, the contents of the flavonoid compound and the alpha-tocopherol in parts by weight are 1.6-2.8 parts and 3-4.8 parts, respectively.

Still further, in the above technical solution, the flavonoid compound is a mixture of soy isoflavones and alfalfa flavonoids.

In a preferred embodiment, the flavonoid compound is a mixture of the following components in a mass ratio of 1:0.8-1.15 of a mixture of soy isoflavones and alfalfa flavonoids.

In one embodiment, the composite additive comprises the following nutritional ingredients in parts by weight:

soybean isoflavone 0.9-1.05 parts, alfalfa flavone 0.78-0.84 parts, riboflavin 2.8-4.2 parts, nicotinic acid 28.5-32 parts, choline 18.8-22.5 parts, folic acid 0.88-1.25 parts, cobalamin 0.18-0.25 parts and alpha-tocopherol 3.6-4.2 parts.

The invention also provides a preparation method of the composite additive, which comprises the following steps:

mixing the above raw materials at a certain proportion, and coating.

Particularly, after the composite additive package is treated, rumen-bypass decomposition of the composite additive package can be effectively avoided.

In addition, the invention also provides application of the compound additive, and the compound additive is specifically used for feeding perinatal dairy cows from 21 days before the expected prenatal period to 21 days after calving.

In detail, in the application, the compound additive is added into the full-price daily ration according to the amount of 50-300g per head per day, and the mixture is uniformly mixed and fed.

The compound additive for feeding the perinatal dairy cows can be increased or reduced according to corresponding proportion during production, for example, the compound additive can be produced in a large scale by kilogram or ton, or in a small scale by gram, the weight can be increased or reduced, but the weight proportion of the raw materials among all the nutrient components is unchanged.

The compound additive for feeding the perinatal dairy cows has the following advantages:

(1) The compound feed combines multiple nutritional supplements such as riboflavin, nicotinic acid, choline, folic acid, cobalamin and the like, and effectively improves the immune function and the production performance of the dairy cows in the perinatal period;

(2) By feeding the compound nutritional additive, the dry matter feed intake of the perinatal dairy cows is improved by 8.2%, the weight loss is reduced by 5.2kg, namely the body fat mobilization amount after parturition is reduced, the NEFA content (a main factor inducing nutritional metabolic diseases) is obviously reduced, the occurrence of energy negative balance is reduced, and the incidence rate of nutritional metabolic diseases of the perinatal dairy cows is reduced by 6.8-65.0%; the milk yield is improved by 6.9% in the early lactation period;

(3) The invention discovers that when the composition of soybean isoflavone, alfalfa flavone, riboflavin, nicotinic acid, choline, folic acid, cobalamin and alpha-tocopherol is fed to the dairy cattle in the perinatal period, the immunity of the dairy cattle can be improved, the risk of the dairy cattle suffering from postpartum diseases is reduced, and the milk yield of the dairy cattle is improved;

(4) According to the invention, a large number of objective tests are carried out to screen the optimal composition matching proportion, and a complete feeding method is provided, so that a reference is provided for feeding the dairy cows in the perinatal period.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a graph comparing the results of daily milk production for example 2 and the blank of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a graph comparing the results of weight loss in example 2 of the present invention and the blank case;

FIG. 3 is a graph comparing the results of the NEFA level profiles of example 2 of the present invention and a blank;

fig. 4 is a chart of the incidence of cows of example 2 and the blank of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The following describes the embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to specific examples.

The following examples are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

The experimental procedures used in the following examples are conventional unless otherwise specified.

Materials, reagents and the like used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified.

In the embodiment of the invention, the dairy cow perinatal period total mixed ration comprises a perinatal period dairy cow total mixed ration and a lactation period dairy cow total mixed ration.

The perinatal period is from 21 days before the delivery of the cow to the day of the delivery.

The lactation initial stage refers to the perinatal late stage, namely from the day of parturition of the cows to 21 days after the parturition.

The compound additive and the premix (each kg of dry matter contains vitamin A2200000 IU and vitamin D) ₃ 500000 IU, vitamin E20000 IU, copper 3700mg, manganese 5700mg, zinc 15000mg, iodine 150mg, selenium 180mg and cobalt 120 mg) are mixed in advance for later use, and then are mixed into the peripartum total mixed ration or the lactation initial total mixed ration.

The daily ration in the early stage of perinatal comprises, by mass, 37.5% of whole corn silage, 16.8% of oat grass, 10.1% of soybean meal, 10.1% of pressed corn, 2.1% of corn, 11.4% of corn distillers' grains and soluble substances (DDGS), 2.1% of sprayed corn bran, 2.5% of cotton seeds, 3.4% of beet pulp granules, 2.0% of molasses and 2.0% of premix (DM).

The total mixed ration at the early stage of lactation comprises, by mass, 26.5% of whole corn silage, 17.1% of alfalfa, 2.4% of oat grass, 14.0% of soybean meal, 13.2% of pressed corn, 8.8% of corn, 2.4% of corn alcohol dregs and soluble matters (DDGS), 9.8% of cotton seeds, 2.4% of beet pulp granules, 1.1% of molasses, 0.3% of sodium bicarbonate and 2.0% of premix (DM).

Example 1 Compound supplement for feeding perinatal cows

1. Comprises the following components:

2. the preparation method comprises the following steps:

mixing the above raw materials at a certain proportion, and coating (coating with fat by emulsifying method).

Example 2 Compound supplement for feeding perinatal cows

1. Consists of the following components:

2. the preparation method comprises the following steps:

Example 3 Compound supplement for feeding perinatal cows

1. Consists of the following components:

2. the preparation method comprises the following steps:

mixing the above materials at a certain proportion, and coating (coating with fat by emulsification method).

Example 4 Compound supplement for feeding perinatal cows

1. Consists of the following components:

2. the preparation method comprises the following steps:

Example 5 Compound additive to feed perinatal cows

1. Consists of the following components:

2. the preparation method comprises the following steps:

Comparative example 1 composite additive for feeding perinatal cows

1. Consists of the following components:

2. the preparation method comprises the following steps:

Comparative example 2 composite additive for feeding perinatal cows

1. Consists of the following components:

2. the preparation method comprises the following steps:

In order to prove the beneficial effects of the invention, the compound additive (100 g) prepared by the embodiment and the comparative example of the invention is mixed with the premix and then is mixed with the total mixed ration for feeding, so as to illustrate the effect of the compound additive on the health of the dairy cows in the perinatal period.

1. Experimental materials

Experimental examples 1-5 perinatal cows were fed with the compound additives prepared in examples 1-5, respectively;

comparative examples 1-2 the compound additives prepared in comparative examples 1-2 were used to feed perinatal cows, respectively;

the blank example is no complex additive added.

2. Detection method

In the test of the free-range feeding and cowshed of the dairy cows, the feed intake is monitored by adopting an automatic feed intake groove feeding system, feed samples are collected every day, and the dry matter content of the feed samples is measured by drying the feed samples in an oven, so that the dry matter feed intake is calculated.

Milking cows three times a day, milking by using a Bomett 2 x 48 milking system, and recording the milk yield within 30 days after delivery by using an automatic meter; samples were taken on

day

7, 14, 21, 28 postpartum in the afternoon milking shift using a flow meter and analyzed for milk fat, milk protein by near infrared technology (MilkoScan 605m, foss, denmark) and for somatic cell number by flow cytometry (CombiScope model, perkinElmer, usa).

The weight loss of the cows was measured at 0 days postpartum and 21 days postpartum to calculate the weight loss.

10ml of cow blood samples are collected by a blood collecting tube at 0,7, 14, 21 and 28 days after delivery, serum samples are obtained after high-speed centrifugation at 4000 rpm, and the NEFA level is measured by a full-automatic analyzer (Hitachi 7020).

The incidence of the dairy cows is calculated by counting the records of different diseases of the dairy cows 0 to 30 days after the dairy cows are delivered, and calculating the incidence of various diseases after the record is cleared by Excel.

3. Results of the experiment

3.1 Effect on the production Performance of cows 30 days after delivery

The following table 1 shows a comparison table of the effect of each experimental example and comparative example of the present invention on the production performance of cows after 30 days.

TABLE 1 comparison table of the effect of each experimental example and comparative example of the present invention on the 30-day postpartum productivity of cows

As can be seen from the above table in combination with the results of fig. 1, the blank group without any additives was numerically lower in milk amount and dry matter intake than the experimental group and the control group; in the experimental group, the experimental group 2 had the highest dry matter intake and milk yield within 30 days after the cows compared to the other experimental and control groups.

3.2 Effect on weight loss and NEFA

As can be seen from the analysis of FIG. 2, the weight loss and NEFA levels in Experimental example 2 are significantly lower than those in the blank, with the experimental example 2 losing 29.7kg of body weight within 21 days of calving, while the blank loses 34.9kg of body weight.

As can be seen from the analysis of FIG. 3, the average NEFA level after production in Experimental example 2 is 406.9. Mu. Eq/L, while the blank case is 500.1. Mu. Eq/L at the NEFA level; these results all show that the addition of the additive prepared in example 2 can significantly improve the body fat metabolism, reduce body fat mobilization and is more beneficial to maintaining the body condition of the dairy cow.

3.3 effects on health of New born cows

As can be seen from the results in fig. 4, when the incidence of disease is compared between the blank case and the experimental example 2, the incidence of disease of the cow in the experimental example 2 is lower, and particularly, the risk of metabolic disease of the cow can be obviously reduced on retention of placenta, ketosis and dyspepsia of the cow, so that the probability of cow culling is reduced.

Finally, the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The compound additive for feeding perinatal cows is characterized by comprising the following nutritional ingredients in parts by weight:

2.4-5 parts of riboflavin, 27.5-36 parts of nicotinic acid, 17.5-24 parts of choline, 0.75-1.5 parts of folic acid, 0.15-0.32 part of cobalamin, 1.6-2.8 parts of flavonoid compound and 3-4.8 parts of alpha-tocopherol; the mass ratio of the flavonoid compound is 1:0.8-1.15 of a mixture of soy isoflavones and alfalfa flavones.

2. The compound additive as claimed in claim 1, which comprises the following nutrients in parts by weight:

3. A method for preparing the composite additive as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 2, comprising the steps of:

mixing the above raw materials at a certain proportion, and coating.

4. Use of the compound additive according to any one of claims 1-2 for the preparation of a feed for feeding perinatal cows from 21 days before the expected period of labor to 21 days after calving.

5. The use of claim 4, wherein the complex additive is added to a full ration in an amount of 50-300g per head of day, mixed well and fed.