CN113132012A - Microwave signal generating device - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种微波信号产生装置，包括：激光器(1)，用于产生线性偏振光信号；偏振复用双驱动马赫曾德尔调制器(2)，用于产生一束具有两个偏振态的光信号，并在其中一个偏振态上实现基带信号以及射频信号的电光调制；偏振控制器(3)，用于在调制后的光信号两个偏振态之间引入预设相位差；起偏器(4)，用于将光信号转换为单一偏振态的偏振光信号；光电探测器(5)，用于实现光电转换，得到微波信号。本发明基于微波光子学的方案产生微波信号，产生无背景噪声干扰的微波信号，且具有更高中心频率和带宽；提供不同的基带信号，本发明能产生不同格式的宽带微波信号，应用场景较广泛。
The invention provides a microwave signal generating device, comprising: a laser (1) for generating a linearly polarized optical signal; a polarization multiplexing double-drive Mach-Zehnder modulator (2) for generating a beam with two polarization states and realize electro-optic modulation of the baseband signal and the radio frequency signal on one of the polarization states; the polarization controller (3) is used to introduce a preset phase difference between the two polarization states of the modulated optical signal; polarization The device (4) is used for converting the optical signal into a polarized light signal of a single polarization state; the photodetector (5) is used for realizing the photoelectric conversion to obtain the microwave signal. The present invention generates microwave signals based on the scheme of microwave photonics, generates microwave signals without interference of background noise, and has higher center frequency and bandwidth; provides different baseband signals, the present invention can generate broadband microwave signals in different formats, and the application scenarios are relatively high. widely.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of microwave photonics, in particular to a microwave signal generating device.
Background
In modern radar systems, in order to obtain both large detection range and high resolution, it is necessary to apply microwave signals with large time-bandwidth products, such as phase-encoded signals and double-chirp signals. Traditionally, the phase encoded signal and the chirp signal are generated by an electronic loop, however, the electronics tend to have a low center frequency and bandwidth, limiting the range of applications of these schemes. Meanwhile, most of the existing schemes for generating phase coding or double chirp signals are developed around a continuous wave mode, and the problem of background noise interference exists.
Ultra-wideband signals specified by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) have significant applications in the fields of communications and sensing. Conventional microwave photonics schemes for producing ultra-wideband signals are also disturbed by background noise.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and provides a microwave signal generating apparatus for generating a phase-encoded signal, an ultra-wideband signal, and a dual-chirp signal without background noise interference.
(II) technical scheme
The invention provides a microwave signal generating device, comprising: a laser 1 for generating a linearly polarized light signal; the polarization multiplexing dual-drive Mach-Zehnder modulator 2 is used for splitting the linear polarized light signal into a first linear polarized light signal and a second linear polarized light signal, modulating a baseband signal and a radio frequency signal onto the first linear polarized light signal, and respectively introducing phase difference on the first linear polarized light signal and the second linear polarized light signal; rotating a polarization state of one of the first linearly polarized optical signal and the second linearly polarized optical signal; combining the processed first linear polarized light signal and the second linear polarized light signal into a beam of orthogonal polarized light signal; the polarization controller 3 is configured to introduce a preset phase difference between two orthogonal polarization states in the orthogonal polarization optical signals; the polarizer 4 is used for converting the processed orthogonal polarized light signal into a polarized light signal in a single polarization state; and the photoelectric detector 5 is used for converting the polarized light signal in the single polarization state into a corresponding microwave signal.
Optionally, the polarization multiplexing dual drive mach-zehnder modulator 2 includes: the coupler 21 is configured to split the linearly polarized optical signal into a first linearly polarized optical signal and a second linearly polarized optical signal, where the first linearly polarized optical signal and the second linearly polarized optical signal have equal power; the first double-drive mach-zehnder modulator 22 is configured to split the first linear polarized optical signal into a first optical signal and a second optical signal with the same polarization state, modulate a baseband signal and a radio frequency signal onto the first optical signal and the second optical signal, respectively, introduce a phase difference between the first optical signal and the second optical signal, and combine the first optical signal and the second optical signal into a processed first linear polarized optical signal; the second double-drive mach-zehnder modulator 23 is configured to split the second linearly polarized optical signal into a third optical signal and a fourth optical signal with the same polarization state, introduce a phase difference between the third optical signal and the fourth optical signal, and combine the third optical signal and the fourth optical signal into a processed second linearly polarized optical signal; a polarization rotator 24 for rotating the polarization state of one of the first linearly polarized optical signal and the second linearly polarized optical signal by pi/2; and the polarization beam combiner 25 is configured to combine the processed first linearly polarized optical signal and the second linearly polarized optical signal into a beam of orthogonal polarized optical signal.
Alternatively, the first double-driven mach-zehnder modulator 22 includes: a first branch arm for modulating a baseband signal onto the first optical signal; a second arm for modulating a radio frequency signal onto the second optical signal; the first branch arm and the second branch arm are further used for inputting a first double-drive voltage so as to introduce a first phase difference between the first optical signal and the second optical signal; the second double-drive mach-zehnder modulator 23 includes: and the third branch arm and the fourth branch arm are used for inputting a second double-drive voltage so as to introduce a second phase difference between the third optical signal and the fourth optical signal.
Optionally, the microwave signal generating apparatus further comprises: and the arbitrary waveform generator 6 is connected to the radio frequency input port of the first branch arm and is used for generating the baseband signals with different formats.
Optionally, the microwave signal generating apparatus further comprises: and the microwave source 7 is connected to the radio frequency input port of the second branch arm and is used for generating the radio frequency signal.
Optionally, the microwave signal generating apparatus further comprises: and the voltage source 8 is respectively connected to the bias voltage input ports on the first branch arm, the second branch arm, the third branch arm and the fourth branch arm, and is used for providing a direct current bias voltage as the first dual-drive voltage or the second dual-drive voltage.
Optionally, the first phase difference is pi.
Optionally, the second phase difference is 2 pi/3.
Optionally, the polarization controller 3 is rotated by a preset angle relative to the main axis of the polarizer 4 to introduce a preset phase difference between two orthogonal polarization states in the orthogonal polarized light signal, wherein the preset angle is pi/2, and the preset phase difference is pi/6.
Optionally, the baseband signal includes a three-level signal, a two-level signal, or a single chirp signal.
(III) advantageous effects
The invention provides a microwave signal generating device which can generate microwave signals with corresponding formats according to different baseband signals, so that the use of various scenes is met, and the use cost is reduced. And the generated microwave signal does not contain background noise and has good tuning capability. Meanwhile, the microwave signal generating device is not limited by an optical filter or an electric filter, has higher central frequency and bandwidth, and has wider application range.
Drawings
Fig. 1 schematically shows a microwave signal generating apparatus provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 shows a waveform diagram of a three-level baseband signal obtained by simulation.
Fig. 3 shows simulated waveforms of three-level baseband signals corresponding to phase-coded signals over a longer time width.
Fig. 4 shows a waveform diagram of a corresponding phase-coded signal of a three-level baseband signal in a shorter time scale.
Fig. 5 shows the information of the corresponding phase jump of fig. 4 by the hilbert variation.
Fig. 6 shows a spectral diagram of a phase-encoded signal.
Fig. 7 shows a waveform diagram of a two-level baseband signal obtained by simulation.
Fig. 8 shows a waveform diagram of a FCC compliant ultra-wideband signal at a longer time scale for a two-level baseband signal.
Fig. 9 shows a time domain waveform diagram of an FCC compliant ultra-wideband signal corresponding to a two-level baseband signal over a shorter time scale.
Fig. 10 shows a spectral diagram of an ultra-wideband signal corresponding to a two-level baseband signal.
Fig. 11 shows a simulated waveform diagram of a single chirp signal.
Fig. 12 shows a frequency-time distribution diagram of a single chirp signal obtained by short-time fourier transform.
Fig. 13 shows a time domain waveform diagram of a dual chirp signal corresponding to a single chirp signal.
Fig. 14 shows a frequency-time distribution diagram of a dual chirp signal corresponding to a single chirp signal obtained by short-time fourier transform.
[ description of reference ]
1-a laser;
2-polarization multiplexing dual drive mach-zehnder modulator;
21-a coupler; 22-a first double-drive mach-zehnder modulator; 23-a second dual drive mach-zehnder modulator; 24-a polarization rotator; 25-a polarization beam combiner;
3-a polarization controller;
4-a polarizer;
5-a photodetector;
6-arbitrary waveform generator;
7-a microwave source;
8-voltage source.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention discloses a microwave signal generating apparatus based on microwave photonics, comprising: the device comprises a laser 1, a polarization multiplexing dual-drive Mach-Zehnder modulator 2, a polarization controller 3, a polarizer 4 and a photoelectric detector 5.
A laser 1 for generating a linearly polarized optical signal. The optical field of the linearly polarized optical signal can be expressed as:
E0exp(j2πf0t)
wherein E is0And f0Respectively the intensity and frequency of the linearly polarized light.
In an embodiment of the invention, a fiber laser can be used for generating a linearly polarized light signal, and the fiber laser has the advantages of compact structure, high efficiency, good beam quality and good stability.
The polarization multiplexing dual-drive Mach-Zehnder modulator 2 is used for splitting a linear polarized light signal into a first linear polarized light signal and a second linear polarized light signal, modulating a baseband signal and a radio frequency signal onto the first linear polarized light signal, and respectively introducing phase differences on the first linear polarized light signal and the second linear polarized light signal; rotating a polarization state of one of the first linearly polarized optical signal and the second linearly polarized optical signal; and combining the processed first linear polarized light signal and the second linear polarized light signal into a beam of orthogonal polarized light signal.
In an embodiment of the present invention, with continued reference to fig. 1, the polarization multiplexing dual drive mach-zehnder modulator 2 may include: a coupler 21, a first dual-drive mach-zehnder modulator 22, a second dual-drive mach-zehnder modulator 23, a polarization rotator 24, and a polarization beam combiner 25.
The linearly polarized light signal is split into a first linearly polarized light signal and a second linearly polarized light signal by the coupler 21. The coupler 21 can split the optical signal into two optical signals with equal power and the same polarization state.
Further, in an embodiment of the present invention, the optical fields of the first linearly polarized light signal and the second linearly polarized light signal can be represented as:
in one embodiment of the present invention, the dual drive mach-zehnder modulator includes two arms, each arm including a radio frequency input port and a bias voltage input port. The invention adopts two dual-drive Mach-Zehnder modulators to directly modulate optical signals, namely, radio-frequency signals for modulation and baseband signals are directly loaded to different radio-frequency input ports on one dual-drive Mach-Zehnder modulator without passing through an electric power divider, a 90-degree phase shifter or a 180-degree phase shifter, so that the invention has a simpler structure and is convenient for integrated use.
The first double-drive mach-zehnder modulator 22 is configured to split the first linear polarization optical signal into a first optical signal and a second optical signal with the same polarization state, modulate the baseband signal and the radio frequency signal onto the first optical signal and the second optical signal, respectively, introduce a phase difference between the first optical signal and the second optical signal, and combine the first optical signal and the second optical signal into a processed first linear polarization optical signal.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the first double-driven mach-zehnder modulator 22 includes:
further, a baseband coding control signal V is accessed to the first branch arm2s (t), the access frequency of the second branch arm is f, and the amplitude is V1Radio frequency signal V1cos (2 π ft); controlling the first phaseThe difference is pi; the modulated first linearly polarized light signal can be expressed as:
wherein E isx(t) represents the modulated first linearly polarized light signal, β1And beta2The modulation coefficients are respectively corresponding to the radio frequency signal and the coded signal.
The second double-drive mach-zehnder modulator 23 is configured to split the second linearly polarized optical signal into a third optical signal and a fourth optical signal with the same polarization state, introduce a phase difference between the third optical signal and the fourth optical signal, and combine the third optical signal and the fourth optical signal into a processed second linearly polarized optical signal.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the second double-driven mach-zehnder modulator 23 includes: and the third branch arm and the fourth branch arm are used for inputting a second double-drive voltage so as to introduce a second phase difference of 2 pi/3 into the third optical signal and the fourth optical signal.
Furthermore, the third branch arm and the fourth branch arm do not receive any radio frequency signal, and only the second phase difference is controlled to be 2 pi/3; the modulated second linearly polarized light signal may be represented as:
wherein E isyAnd (t) represents the modulated second linearly polarized light signal.
And a polarization rotator 24 for rotating the polarization state of one of the first linearly polarized optical signal and the second linearly polarized optical signal by pi/2.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the polarization state of the first linearly polarized light signal or the second linearly polarized light signal is rotated by pi/2, and the two polarization states form a mutually orthogonal relationship; the rotation process may be used either before or after the modulation process.
A polarization controller 3 for introducing a preset phase difference between two orthogonal polarization states in the orthogonally polarized optical signals.
In an embodiment of the invention, the polarization controller 3 is rotated by a preset angle relative to the principal axis of the polarizer 4 to introduce a preset phase difference between two orthogonal polarization states in the orthogonally polarized optical signals, wherein the preset angle is pi/2 and the preset phase difference is pi/6.
And the polarizer 4 is used for converting the processed orthogonal polarized light signal into a polarized light signal in a single polarization state.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the polarized light signal converted into a single polarization state by the polarizer 4 can be expressed as:
and the photoelectric detector 5 is used for converting the polarized light signal in the single polarization state into a corresponding microwave signal.
In an embodiment of the present invention, after the polarized light signal in the single polarization state passes through the photodetector 5, the photocurrent can be represented as:
i(t)∝E(t)·E(t)*
∝DC1-2cos[β1cos(2πft)]cos[β2s(t)]-2sin[β1cos(2πft)]sin[β2s(t)]
+2cos[β1cos(2πft)]-2cos[β2s(t)]
wherein DC1Is a direct current term, and by observing the above formula, we can find beta2Very small, so cos [ beta ]2s(t)]Can be treated as a constant term, i.e. a direct current term.
The post-sort simplification after the substitution of the above formula can be re-expressed as:
i(t)∝DC2-4J1(β1)cos(2πft)sin[β2s(t)]
wherein, DC2For representing a direct current term, J1(β1) Is the corresponding first order coefficient after applying the bezier expansion.
In an embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 1, the microwave signal generating apparatus may further include: arbitrary waveform generator 6, microwave source 7, voltage source 8.
And the arbitrary waveform generator 6 is connected to the radio frequency input port of the first branch arm and is used for generating baseband signals with different formats. In an embodiment of the present invention, when the baseband signal s (t) is a three-level signal, i.e., s (t) { -1, 0, +1 }. When s (t) is equal to 0, the photocurrent only includes a direct current term, and no microwave signal is generated. When s (t) varies between +1 and-1, a microwave signal with a pi phase shift is generated. The exact pi phase shift depends on the polarity of the baseband signal rather than its amplitude. Thus, the present invention can be used to generate a background noise free phase encoded signal. Fig. 2 shows a three-level baseband signal from an arbitrary waveform generator, specifically in the format of a 13 barker code (-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, +1, +1, -1, -1, +1, -1, +1, -1), followed by a 39-bit 0, the three-level signal having a coding rate of 1 Gb/s. Fig. 3 is a waveform diagram of a simulated phase-encoded signal with a center frequency of 12GHz in a longer time scale. Fig. 4 is a waveform diagram of a phase encoded signal over a shorter time scale. Fig. 5 is information of the phase jump corresponding to fig. 4. Fig. 6 is a spectral diagram of a phase encoded signal.
In an embodiment of the present invention, when the baseband signal s (t) is a two-level signal, i.e., when s (t) is {1, 0 }. When s (t) is equal to 0, the microwave signal is not included in the photocurrent, i.e., there is no influence of background noise. When s (t) is equal to 1, a microwave signal exists, and the ultra-wideband signal meeting the FCC specification can be realized by controlling the duty ratio of the baseband signal. Thus, the present invention may be used to generate ultra-wideband signals free of background noise. Fig. 7 is a diagram of a two-level baseband signal from an arbitrary waveform generator, and fig. 8 is a diagram of waveforms over a longer time scale for an ultra-wideband signal compliant with FCC regulations. Fig. 9 is a waveform diagram of an ultra-wideband signal in compliance with FCC regulations on a shorter time scale. Fig. 10 is a spectral diagram of an ultra-wideband signal.
In an embodiment of the present invention, when the baseband signal s (t) is a single-chirp baseband signal, i.e., s (t) cos (kt)2) Then (c) is performed. The photocurrent can be modulated under small signalRewriting as follows
i(t)∝DC2-4J1(β1)cos(2πft)sin[β2cos(kt2)]
≈DC2-4J1(β1)J1(β2)cos(2πft)cos(kt2)
＝DC2-2J1(β1)J1(β2)[cos(2πft+kt2)+coS(2πft-kt2)].
Therefore, the photocurrent only contains the direct current term and the double chirp signal, and the invention can be used to generate the double chirp signal without background noise. Fig. 11 is a waveform of a single chirp signal given by an arbitrary waveform generator, the waveform having a bandwidth of 1GHz and a period of 1 μ s. Fig. 12 is a frequency-time distribution diagram of a single chirp signal. Fig. 13 is a time domain waveform diagram of a dual chirp signal having a center frequency of 12 GHz. Fig. 14 is a frequency-time distribution diagram of a dual chirp signal.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the microwave source 7 is connected to the rf input port of the second arm, and is configured to generate an rf signal.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the voltage source 8 is respectively connected to the bias voltage input ports of the first branch arm, the second branch arm, the third branch arm and the fourth branch arm, and is configured to provide a dc bias voltage as a first dual-drive voltage or a second dual-drive voltage, and finally configured to control the first phase difference or the second phase difference.
The invention provides a microwave signal generating device, which can generate a phase coding signal, an ultra-wideband signal and a double-chirp signal without background noise interference by providing three baseband signals, namely a three-level signal, a two-level signal and a single-chirp signal, wherein different microwave signals can be applied to different scenes, and the use cost is reduced. The non-background noise interference shows that the invention is not limited by an optical filter or an electric filter, and has good tuning capability and wide applicability. Compared with the scheme of the traditional electronic loop, the microwave photonic-based device provided by the invention has higher central frequency and bandwidth, expands the application range of the device, and also has the advantages of low loss, large bandwidth, good reconstruction capability and electromagnetic interference resistance.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
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| US20110051215A1 (en) * | 2009-09-02 | 2011-03-03 | Xiang Zhou | Methods and Apparatus for Generating 16-QAM-Modulated Optical Signal |
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| CN108667517A (en) * | 2018-05-11 | 2018-10-16 | 北京工业大学 | A microwave photon mixing method and system based on local oscillator frequency multiplication |
| CN109981181A (en) * | 2019-02-19 | 2019-07-05 | 西北工业大学 | Microwave photon converter plant and adjusting method can be switched in a kind of binary channels |
| CN112636837A (en) * | 2020-12-21 | 2021-04-09 | 中国科学院半导体研究所 | Dual-waveband dual-chirp microwave signal generation and transmission device and method |
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Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20110051215A1 (en) * | 2009-09-02 | 2011-03-03 | Xiang Zhou | Methods and Apparatus for Generating 16-QAM-Modulated Optical Signal |
| CN105099558A (en) * | 2015-07-29 | 2015-11-25 | 西安电子科技大学 | Frequency octupling millimeter wave generation device by means of DP-QPSK modulator and method thereof |
| CN108667517A (en) * | 2018-05-11 | 2018-10-16 | 北京工业大学 | A microwave photon mixing method and system based on local oscillator frequency multiplication |
| CN109981181A (en) * | 2019-02-19 | 2019-07-05 | 西北工业大学 | Microwave photon converter plant and adjusting method can be switched in a kind of binary channels |
| CN112636837A (en) * | 2020-12-21 | 2021-04-09 | 中国科学院半导体研究所 | Dual-waveband dual-chirp microwave signal generation and transmission device and method |
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