CN113130854A - Preparation method of dendrite-free lithium metal-graphene paper composite negative electrode - Google Patents

Preparation method of dendrite-free lithium metal-graphene paper composite negative electrode Download PDF

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CN113130854A
CN113130854A CN202110365661.4A CN202110365661A CN113130854A CN 113130854 A CN113130854 A CN 113130854A CN 202110365661 A CN202110365661 A CN 202110365661A CN 113130854 A CN113130854 A CN 113130854A
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graphene paper
negative electrode
dendrite
lithium metal
graphene
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张跃飞
曹天赐
刘显强
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Beijing University of Technology
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Beijing University of Technology
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/139Processes of manufacture
    • H01M4/1395Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052Li-accumulators
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H01M4/624Electric conductive fillers
    • H01M4/625Carbon or graphite
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H01M4/628Inhibitors, e.g. gassing inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of a dendrite-free lithium metal-graphene paper composite negative electrode. The lithium metal and the graphene paper framework are compounded in an electrochemical deposition mode, and deposited lithium is uniformly dispersed in the graphene paper framework in a particle form. Lithium deposited in the graphene paper framework is in a dendrite-free form, and the form is still maintained in the subsequent battery circulation process, so that the failure of the battery caused by lithium dendrite is eliminated; the graphene paper framework is a loose and porous three-dimensional structure formed by graphene, has excellent electronic and ionic conductivity and is suitable for high-power use environments; the prepared composite cathode has good flexibility and is suitable for flexible devices.

Description

Preparation method of dendrite-free lithium metal-graphene paper composite negative electrode
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of phase modification of a lithium metal negative electrode, in particular to a method for inhibiting growth of lithium dendrites of a lithium metal negative electrode.
Background
With the continuous progress of society, various portable electronic products are becoming an essential part of human daily life. Lithium ion batteries are widely used in various fields such as camcorders, mobile phones, notebook computers, electric vehicles, and the like due to their characteristics of high operating voltage, good cycle performance, high energy density, high power density, and the like. However, with the demand increasing, the traditional lithium ion battery can not meet the requirement, and the development of an electrode material with high energy density and long service life is urgently needed to meet the requirement of a new high-end energy storage device.
The lithium metal negative electrode is known as a "holy-cup" electrode with its extremely high theoretical capacity (3860mAh/g) and most negative potential (-3.040Vvs standard hydrogen electrode), and is of great interest to researchers.
However, these lithium metal batteries have serious dendrite growth problems and are difficult to stably cycle. Lithium dendrite growth can lead to short circuits in the battery and can lead to thermal runaway, creating a potential risk of fire explosion, and lithium dendrites can also form "dead lithium" causing irreversible loss of battery capacity. These safety problems have resulted in the failure of lithium metal secondary batteries to be commercially used. In recent years, researchers have proposed various solutions to the use of lithium metal as a commercial negative electrode material, but none of them can completely solve the problem of lithium dendrite growth fundamentally, and therefore, the development of effective technology for suppressing lithium dendrite is the key to the development of high-specific-capacity lithium metal batteries.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a method for inhibiting the growth of lithium dendrite, and the method provided by the invention constructs a three-dimensional structure framework for lithium metal, can obviously inhibit the growth of the dendrite and improves the stability of the lithium metal in the circulation process.
The invention provides a method for preparing a graphene paper skeleton with a three-dimensional structure, which inhibits the growth of lithium dendrites by constructing a lithium metal-graphene paper skeleton composite negative electrode, and comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a certain amount of graphene aqueous solution, performing ultrasonic dispersion, removing water in a vacuum filtration mode, adding a proper amount of absolute ethyl alcohol in the vacuum filtration process, heating and drying after removing the water, and separating the graphene stacking polymer from the filter membrane to obtain the loose and porous graphene paper framework.
(2) A graphene paper framework is used as a positive electrode, a pure lithium sheet is used as a negative electrode, a button cell type electrodeposition device is assembled in the sequence of a negative electrode shell, a lithium sheet, a diaphragm, graphene paper, a spring sheet, a stainless steel gasket and a positive electrode shell, and lithium metal and the graphene paper framework are compounded in an electrochemical deposition mode.
Further, in the step (1), the concentration of the graphene aqueous solution used is 0.1mg/mL, and the volume of the graphene solution used is 300 mL.
In the step (1), the liquid temperature of the ultrasonic treatment is 25 ℃, and the ultrasonic treatment time is 20 min.
In the step (1), the filter membrane used in vacuum filtration is an anodic alumina template (AAO), the diameter is 47mm, and the aperture is 200 nm.
In step (1), before the suction filtration starts, 50mL of absolute ethanol is added to the suction filtration vessel, and when the amount of the solution remaining in the vessel is 4/5, 3/5, 2/5, 1/5, 5mL of absolute ethanol is added, respectively.
In the step (1), the heating and drying temperature is 60 ℃ and the time is 4 h.
In the step (2), the diameters of the lithium sheet, the diaphragm and the graphene paper are the same and are all 12 mm.
In step (2), the lithium sheet has a thickness of 500. mu.m.
In the step (2), a glass fiber membrane is used as the separator.
In the step (2), the electrolyte is injected into the electrodeposition equipment to be 1mol/L LiPF 6100. mu.L of the EC/DMC (1:1) solution of (3).
In the step (2), the electrodeposition process is a constant current discharge process with a current density of 1mA/cm2The deposition time was 4 h.
By means of the scheme, the invention has the following advantages:
the method can obviously inhibit the generation of lithium dendrites, the graphene paper serving as a lithium framework has a three-dimensional structure, the local current density can be reduced, sufficient lithium nucleation points are provided, the growth of the lithium dendrites is effectively inhibited, and in addition, the loose and porous structure can ensure the rapid transmission of ions and electrons and enhance the rate capability of the lithium dendrites. The graphene paper framework has excellent strength and flexibility, can accommodate the volume change of lithium, resists electrode deformation, and is suitable for flexible devices. The characteristics enable the graphene paper to avoid capacity loss caused by dendritic crystal formation when the graphene paper is compounded with lithium metal and used as a battery cathode, ensure good cycle performance, greatly improve the stability of the graphene paper in the cycle process and obviously prolong the cycle life of the battery. The method has the characteristics of simple preparation process, high efficiency, stable effect, environmental friendliness and high safety.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present invention, and in order to make the technical means of the present invention more clearly understood and to be implemented in accordance with the content of the description, the following detailed description is given with reference to the preferred embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a process for preparing a graphene paper skeleton with a three-dimensional structure according to an embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a topographical view of a prepared graphene paper skeleton;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an electrodeposition process for compounding lithium and graphene paper;
FIG. 4 is a topography of a lithium-graphene paper composite pole piece;
FIG. 5 shows that the ratio of the lithium-graphene paper composite pole piece to the pure lithium symmetrical battery is 1mA/cm2Current density of (a);
fig. 6 is a test chart of cycle performance of a button cell assembled by a lithium-graphene paper composite pole piece, a pure lithium symmetric cell and a Lithium Cobaltate (LCO) positive electrode material.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments or technical solutions in the prior art, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention, but are not intended to limit the scope thereof;
the invention aims to provide a method for protecting lithium metal and inhibiting the formation of lithium dendrites, thereby obviously improving the stability of a lithium metal battery in the working cycle process, and improving the safety and the service life of the battery.
Example one
The invention provides a method for preparing a three-dimensional graphene paper skeleton, and the growth of lithium dendrites is inhibited by constructing a lithium metal-graphene paper skeleton composite negative electrode, fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a preparation process of the three-dimensional graphene paper skeleton, and the preparation process is as shown in fig. 1: preparing 300mL of 0.1mg/mL graphene aqueous solution, ultrasonically dispersing at 20 ℃ for 20min, and removing water in a vacuum filtration mode, wherein the used filter membrane is an anodic alumina template (AAO), the diameter of the filter membrane is 47mm, and the pore diameter of the filter membrane is 200 nm. In the vacuum filtration process, 50mL of absolute ethanol is added to the filtration vessel before the filtration is started, and 5mL of absolute ethanol is added when the amount of the solution remaining in the vessel is 4/5, 3/5, 2/5 and 1/5, respectively. And (3) after the moisture is removed, heating at 60 ℃ for 4h for drying, and separating the graphene stacking polymer from the filter membrane to obtain the loose and porous graphene paper framework.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a process of compounding lithium and graphene paper by an electrodeposition method, and the implementation flow is as follows: a graphene paper framework is used as a positive electrode, a pure lithium sheet is used as a negative electrode, a button cell type electrodeposition device is assembled in the sequence of a negative electrode shell, a lithium sheet, a diaphragm, graphene paper, a spring piece, a stainless steel gasket and a positive electrode shell, the diameters of the lithium sheet, the diaphragm and the graphene paper are the same and are all 12mm, the lithium sheet with the thickness of 500 mu m is selected, and a glass fiber membrane is used as the diaphragm. Before the encapsulation of the electrodeposition apparatus, 100. mu.L of 1mol/L EC/DMC (1:1) solution of LiPF6 was injected. Compounding lithium metal and a graphene paper framework in an electrochemical deposition mode, wherein the electrodeposition process is a constant-current discharge process, the current density is 1mA/cm2, and the deposition time is 4 h.
Example two
Preparing a lithium metal-graphene paper composite pole piece according to the experimental method, assembling a symmetrical battery by using the composite lithium pole piece, and selecting LiPF6A solute is dissolved in EC and DMC (volume ratio is 1:1) to be used as an electrolyte (1mol/L), and a glass fiber membrane is used as a diaphragm to be used as an experimental group. Assembled with pure lithium sheetsThe symmetric cells served as control. The cycling stability of both groups of cells was tested under the following test conditions: at 1mA/cm2Charging and discharging the current density of (1). The test results are shown in FIG. 5. The overpotential of the symmetrical battery of the unprotected control group fluctuates sharply in 0-15 circles, and then in 15-60 circles, the cycle is stable, the overpotential value is kept at about 110mv, and then the overpotential rapidly increases over 400 mv. The circulation process keeps larger overpotential, which indicates that serious side reaction occurs in the symmetrical battery and generates side reaction products with larger impedance; the stable circulation of the experimental group symmetrical battery exceeds 600 circles, the average overpotential in the circulation process is about 30mv, and the result proves that the lithium metal-graphene paper composite pole piece without dendrites can effectively inhibit the fluctuation of the battery performance caused by side reactions derived from dendrites and maintain the long-time stable circulation.
EXAMPLE III
And (3) selecting an LCO material as a positive electrode, preparing a lithium metal-graphene paper composite pole piece according to the experimental method, and using the composite lithium pole piece as a negative electrode of the battery. LiPF is selected6In order to dissolve solute in EC and DMC (volume ratio is 1:1) as electrolyte (1mol/L), glass fiber membrane is used as diaphragm to assemble half-cell as experimental group. And a pure lithium plate is used as a negative electrode, and the positive electrode is still made of LCO material, so that another half cell is assembled to serve as a control group. The performance of both groups of cells was tested under the following test conditions: the first five cycles of charging and discharging at a current multiplying factor of 0.2C, and then charging and discharging at a current multiplying factor of 1C, wherein the charging and discharging window is 3.0-4.2V, and the test result is shown in figure 6. The composite lithium negative electrode battery can maintain stable circulation for a long time, the capacity retention rate can still reach 82.1% after 400 circles, and the coulombic efficiency is always stabilized at about 100%. In comparison, a pure lithium sheet cathode battery can maintain relatively stable circulation in the initial stage, however, after 120 circles, the battery capacity has avalanche type downslide, and within 45 circles, the capacity has dropped to about 0, and correspondingly, the coulombic efficiency has obvious fluctuation after 120 circles, and the downslide of the capacity is due to the formation of lithium dendrites in the circulation process.
The present specification uses specific examples to illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, and the above description of the embodiments is only used to help understanding the method and the core idea of the present invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.

Claims (10)

1. A preparation method of a dendrite-free lithium metal-graphene paper composite negative electrode is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparing a certain amount of graphene aqueous solution, performing ultrasonic dispersion, removing water in a vacuum filtration mode, adding a proper amount of absolute ethyl alcohol in the vacuum filtration process, heating and drying after removing water, and separating a graphene stacking polymer from a filter membrane to obtain a loose and porous graphene paper framework;
(2) a graphene paper framework is used as a positive electrode, a pure lithium sheet is used as a negative electrode, a button cell type electrodeposition device is assembled in the sequence of a negative electrode shell, a lithium sheet, a diaphragm, graphene paper, a spring sheet, a stainless steel gasket and a positive electrode shell, and lithium metal and the graphene paper framework are compounded in an electrochemical deposition mode.
2. The method for preparing a dendrite-free lithium metal-graphene paper composite negative electrode according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (1), the concentration of the used graphene aqueous solution is 0.05-0.2mg/mL, and the volume of the used graphene solution is 100-; in the step (1), the liquid temperature of the ultrasonic treatment is 10-30 ℃, and the ultrasonic treatment time is 10-40 min.
3. The method for preparing a dendrite-free lithium metal-graphene paper composite negative electrode according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (1), the filter membrane used in vacuum filtration is an anodic alumina template (AAO), the diameter is 47-55mm, and the aperture is 50-200 nm.
4. The method for preparing a dendrite-free lithium metal-graphene paper composite negative electrode according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (1), before the suction filtration is started, 20-100mL of absolute ethyl alcohol is added into a suction filtration container, and when the amount of the solution remained in the container is 4/5, 3/5, 2/5 and 1/5, 2-5mL of absolute ethyl alcohol is respectively added.
5. The method for preparing a dendrite-free lithium metal-graphene paper composite negative electrode according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (1), the heating and drying temperature is 40-80 ℃ and the time is 1-4 h.
6. The method for preparing a dendrite-free lithium metal-graphene paper composite negative electrode according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (2), the diameters of the lithium sheet, the diaphragm and the graphene paper are the same and are all 12-16 mm.
7. The method for preparing a dendrite-free lithium metal-graphene paper composite negative electrode according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (2), the thickness of the lithium sheet is 50 to 500 μm.
8. The method for preparing a dendrite-free lithium metal-graphene paper composite negative electrode according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (2), a glass fiber membrane is used as the separator.
9. The method for preparing a dendrite-free lithium metal-graphene paper composite negative electrode according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (2), the electrolyte is injected into the electrodeposition equipment to be 1mol/L LiPF650-100. mu.L of the EC/DMC (1:1) solution of (2).
10. The method for preparing a dendrite-free lithium metal-graphene paper composite negative electrode according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (2), the electrodeposition process is a constant current discharge process, and the current density is 0.5-2mA/cm2The deposition time is 2-8 h.
CN202110365661.4A 2021-04-06 2021-04-06 Preparation method of dendrite-free lithium metal-graphene paper composite negative electrode Pending CN113130854A (en)

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