CN113128887A - Method for optimizing roadbed slope construction scheme - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of highway subgrade construction, and particularly relates to a method for optimizing a highway subgrade side slope construction scheme based on a double-layer decision model. According to the method for optimizing the roadbed slope construction scheme, the optimized roadbed slope construction scheme can be smoothly obtained, and meanwhile, the selected scheme is matched with the actual construction requirement due to the fact that the method is based on the double-layer decision model, so that the instability risk is greatly reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of highway subgrade construction, and particularly relates to a method for optimizing a highway subgrade side slope construction scheme based on a double-layer decision model.
Background
With the continuous development of slope engineering research, the slope construction level reaches a certain height, but in actual engineering practice, safety and quality accidents often occur due to improper selection of a slope construction scheme, the cost is increased, and the construction period is delayed. Therefore, based on the principles of safety, economy, environmental protection, technology, construction period and the like, the slope construction scheme is scientifically and reasonably determined, the risk of slope instability is reduced, and the method is a problem of high attention in the slope engineering field.
The conventional method for optimizing the slope construction scheme is mostly suitable for the decision with few alternatives. In actual slope construction, a slope construction scheme decision is a systematic combined decision, and the selection of a slope protection mode, a roadbed reinforcement method, a slope rate and the like has the characteristics of interactivity, connectivity, mutual exclusivity and the like, so that separation decisions are not suitable for being performed. The number of the combined alternative schemes is increased sharply, and scheme optimization by adopting a traditional decision method has the advantages of large workload, high difficulty and low efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a method for optimizing a construction scheme of a highway subgrade side slope based on a double-layer decision model. The method comprises the following steps:
drawing up an alternative roadbed slope construction scheme;
grouping the roadbed slope construction schemes according to preset classification rules to obtain a grouping scheme;
establishing a roadbed slope construction scheme evaluation index according to a preset evaluation principle;
establishing a double-layer decision model according to the grouping scheme, and selecting the corresponding evaluation indexes of each layer according to the layering condition;
carrying out analysis evaluation decision on each scheme through a double-layer decision model; carrying out analysis evaluation decision on each scheme through a double-layer decision model; the double-layer decision model comprises an upper-layer decision model and a lower-layer decision model, wherein the upper-layer decision model is used for simplifying the number of schemes, and the lower-layer decision model is used for deciding the optimal roadbed slope construction scheme.
Further, the alternative construction scheme is drawn up and comprises the following processes:
carrying out on-site investigation;
collecting data;
and (5) testing and detecting.
Further, the drawing up of the alternative construction scheme comprises the following steps:
performing on-site investigation and collecting related data;
testing and detecting a foundation soil layer and a material source along the project engineering region;
and the research and comparison of related data documents are combined to obtain an implementable roadbed basic processing scheme, roadbed filling materials and side slope gradient.
Further, the preset classification rule is established by the following distinguishing modes of the roadbed slope construction scheme:
slope protection mode;
roadbed filling;
slope rate of the side slope.
Further, the preset evaluation principle includes the following characteristics:
safety;
economy;
and (4) environmental protection.
Further, the safety, the economy and the environmental protection are used as first-level indexes of the preset evaluation principle;
and taking construction cost, maintenance cost, maximum horizontal displacement, plastic strain, safety factor, environmental influence and resource consumption as secondary indexes of the preset evaluation principle.
Further, the double-layer decision model is established based on AHM principles.
Further, in a double-layer decision model established based on the AHM principle:
the score of the qualitative index is obtained by scoring by an industry expert; and
the quantitative index score is obtained through numerical simulation, and the priority of the proposed road alternative construction scheme is sequenced through calculation.
Further, the calculation method of the priority ranking is as follows:
hierarchical structure model building
Constructing an attribute judgment matrix to obtain an attribute weight calculation formula;
and calculating the weight of each road alternative construction scheme by using the attribute weight calculation formula to obtain the priority ranking of the schemes.
Further, the attribute weight calculation formula is as follows:
uijis a judgment matrix of AHM, and the judgment matrix can pass through a of AHPijConverting to obtain;
a is aijOn a scale of proportions;
from said aijConverting to obtain the uijThe conversion formula of (c) is as follows:
k is a positive integer greater than 2; beta is more than or equal to 1, and 1 or 2 is selected.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the method for optimizing the roadbed slope construction scheme, the optimized roadbed slope construction scheme can be smoothly obtained, and meanwhile, the selected scheme is matched with the actual construction requirement due to the fact that the method is based on the double-layer decision model, so that the instability risk is greatly reduced.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic step diagram of a method for optimizing a roadbed slope construction scheme according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the steps of a proposed scheme provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the steps of a calculation method provided in one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a two-layer decision model according to an embodiment of the present invention
Fig. 5 and fig. 6 are schematic diagrams of a hierarchy model provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that variations and modifications can be made by persons skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.
Based on the background technology in the preamble, how to optimize the slope construction scheme has become a problem of high concern in the slope engineering field. However, in actual engineering practice, the problems of increased cost and delayed construction period often occur due to safety and quality accidents caused by improper selection of slope construction schemes.
In order to solve the technical problem of how to optimize the scheme, the invention provides a method for optimizing a highway subgrade slope construction scheme based on a double-layer decision model. By the method, the scheme matched with the actual construction engineering can be accurately and quickly found, so that the risk of slope instability can be reduced. In the specific implementation mode of the invention, the scheme of highway subgrade and side slope construction is mainly taken as a main scheme, and the description of the method provided by the invention is carried out.
By analyzing the prior art, the method for optimizing the slope construction scheme is mostly suitable for the decision with few alternative schemes. In actual slope construction, a slope construction scheme decision is a systematic combined decision, and the selection of a slope protection mode, a roadbed reinforcement method, a slope rate and the like has the characteristics of interactivity, connectivity, mutual exclusivity and the like, so that separation decisions are not suitable for being performed. The number of the combined alternative schemes is increased sharply, and scheme optimization by adopting a traditional decision method has the advantages of large workload, high difficulty and low efficiency.
The preferred method of the present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments, taking the highway subgrade side slope as an example. The advantages and features of the present invention will become more fully apparent from the appended claims and the following description.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic step diagram of a method for optimizing a roadbed slope construction scheme provided by the invention.
The preferred method provided by the invention specifically comprises the following steps:
s100: and (5) drawing up an alternative roadbed slope construction scheme.
When the construction scheme is actually drawn up, the invention can be reasonably drawn up mainly by the processes of on-site investigation, data collection, test detection and the like.
It should be noted that the alternative construction scheme of the present invention is also referred to as "alternative" in the text.
S200: and grouping the roadbed slope construction schemes according to preset classification rules to obtain a grouping scheme.
The preset classification rule herein refers to a predetermined and reasonably determined classification rule. The classification rules in the invention can be reasonably set according to the characteristics of highway projects, such as slope protection modes, roadbed filling materials, slope ratio of side slopes and other distinguishing modes, thereby ensuring the rationality of classification.
In order to finally improve the accuracy of the preferred scheme, ensure to reduce the slope unstability risk by a wide margin.
S300: and establishing a roadbed slope construction scheme evaluation index according to a preset evaluation principle.
In order to reduce the instability risk of the scheme and meet the construction requirements of environmental protection, stability and high efficiency, the safety, the economy, the environmental protection, the technical performance and the construction period performance of the scheme can be considered when the evaluation principle is set. Of course, the specific score and the consideration of the evaluation index can be reasonably determined according to the actual construction requirement.
Then, the safety, the economy and the environmental protection can be used as first-level indexes of a preset evaluation principle; and the construction cost, the maintenance cost, the maximum horizontal displacement, the plastic strain, the safety factor, the environmental influence, the resource consumption and the like can be used as secondary indexes of the preset evaluation principle. By dividing the index grades, the method is beneficial to establishing evaluation contents of different levels, so that the method can be better matched with a double-layer decision model established in the subsequent steps.
S400: and establishing a double-layer decision model, and selecting the corresponding evaluation indexes of each layer according to the layering condition.
As shown in fig. 4, fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a two-layer decision model provided by the present invention. It is easy to understand that the two-layer decision Model proposed by the present invention can be established based on the AHM (Analytic Hierarchy Model) principle.
S500: and carrying out analysis evaluation decision on each scheme through a double-layer decision model.
Specifically, the number of upper layer reduction schemes in the double-layer decision model; and the lower layer decides the roadbed slope construction scheme.
The optimal roadbed slope construction scheme can be smoothly obtained through the steps, and meanwhile, the selected scheme is matched with the actual construction requirement due to the fact that the scheme is based on the double-layer decision model, so that the instability risk can be reduced to a greater degree.
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating steps of a proposed scheme according to the present invention.
Based on the proposed idea introduced in step S100, the proposed steps can be roughly determined as:
s101: performing on-site investigation and collecting related data;
s102: testing and detecting a foundation soil layer and a material source along the project engineering region;
s103: and the research and comparison of related data documents are combined to obtain an implementable roadbed basic processing scheme, roadbed filling materials and side slope gradient.
For the step of setting up, a highway section with the pile number K85+800-K93+700 can be selected as a research section, a foundation soil layer and a material source along the highway section in a project engineering area are tested and detected, and a slope protection mode of changing and filling a lower embankment, piling the lower embankment and arranging a foot wall is planned by combining research comparison of related data documents; adopting roadbed filling materials of plain soil, 4% of lime soil, 4% of cement soil, brick residue soil and flax bone sand; a slope ramp rate of 1: 1.3 was obtained by numerical simulation studies.
In addition, in the method provided by the invention, the construction conditions, environmental protection, safety, economy and other factors can be comprehensively analyzed, so that the construction optimization combination of the foundation conditions, the slope rate and the slope protection type which are suitable for the characteristics of the actual engineering project can be obtained. Specifically, the upper embankment can adopt 4% of lime soil filler; the lower embankment is filled with five types of fillers, namely undisturbed soil, 4% lime soil, 4% cement soil, brick residue soil and Ma Gu sand, the roadbed is subjected to filling treatment, piling treatment or foot wall protection treatment, and the slope ratio of the side slope is 1: 1.3. Please refer to table 1, which shows an alternative to the partitioning for the slope protection manner by the above description.
Table 1:
for establishing the evaluation index, the evaluation index can be established according to the system engineering and the system hierarchical principle after researching and analyzing various influence factors selected by the slope construction scheme of the example expressway project, and comprehensively considering the aspects of cost, environmental protection, safety and the like. The obtained evaluation indexes are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2
For a double-layer decision-making model established by an AHM principle, the score of a qualitative index can be obtained by scoring by an industry expert; the quantitative index score can be obtained through numerical simulation, and based on the numerical simulation, the priority of the alternative schemes is ranked through calculation.
As shown in fig. 3, the calculation method of priority may be performed according to the following steps:
s501: hierarchical structure model building
Similar to the AHP model, the complex problem to be studied is analyzed and decomposed into elements of different levels, i.e., a target layer, a reference layer, and a solution layer, which respectively represent a decision purpose or an evaluation target to be achieved, an element influencing solution determination, and an alternative solution of solution selection.
S502: constructing an attribute judgment matrix to obtain an attribute weight calculation formula;
determination matrix (u) of AHM modelij) Can be scaled by the AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) ratio aijThe conversion formula is as follows:
wherein: k is a positive integer greater than 2; beta.gtoreq.1, usually 1 or 2.
The relative attribute weight calculation formula is:
s503: and calculating the weight of each road alternative construction scheme by using the attribute weight calculation formula to obtain the priority ranking of the schemes.
In addition, the upper-layer decision model in the double-layer decision model can be described as the primary screening of the optimization scheme by selecting the lower embankment filler material under the condition that the slope protection modes are the same. Because the upper-layer decision model does not consider the selection of the slope protection mode, the resource consumption and maintenance cost difference is small, and the upper-layer decision model is not used as an evaluation index, and a hierarchical structure model is established as shown in fig. 5. Based on the industry expert scoring, the weights of the evaluation indexes are obtained according to the calculation steps, and please refer to table 3, table 4 and table 5.
TABLE 3
| Comparison | Economy of use | Safety feature | Environmental protection property | Weight ratio |
| Economy of use | 0.000 | 0.143 | 0.200 | 0.114 |
| Safety feature | 0.857 | 0.000 | 0.800 | 0.552 |
| Environmental protection property | 0.800 | 0.200 | 0.000 | 0.333 |
TABLE 4
| Comparison | Maximum horizontal displacement | Plastic strain | Factor of safety | Weight ratio |
| Maximum horizontal displacement | 0.000 | 0.200 | 0.143 | 0.114 |
| Plastic strain | 0.800 | 0.000 | 0.200 | 0.333 |
| Factor of safety | 0.857 | 0.800 | 0.000 | 0.552 |
TABLE 5
| Construction cost | Maximum horizontal displacement | Plastic strain | Factor of safety | Environmental impact |
| 0.114 | 0.063 | 0.184 | 0.305 | 0.333 |
Based on ANSYS software (finite element analysis software), simulation analysis is carried out on the roadbed slope under soil fillers (such as undisturbed soil, 4% lime soil, 4% cement soil, brick slag soil, gunny sand and the like) to obtain the maximum horizontal displacement, plastic strain and safety coefficient data of the roadbed slope, and please refer to Table 6. The expert opinion is combined to calculate the comprehensive weight of the lower embankment refilling scheme, please refer to table 7.
TABLE 6
| Lower embankment replacement scheme | Maximum horizontal displacement | Plasticity ofStrain of | Factor of safety |
| Plain soil | 0.0503 | 0.666796 | 2.13 |
| 4% lime soil | 0.019235 | 0.425099 | 2.97 |
| 4% cement soil | 0.095807 | 0.498456 | 2.73 |
| Brick dregs soil | 0.71083 | 0.179907 | 2.54 |
| Bone ash | 0.510027 | 0.29815 | 2.69 |
TABLE 7
According to analysis on the calculation result, under the evaluation criteria of construction cost, maximum horizontal displacement, plastic strain safety coefficient and environmental influence, the comprehensive weight sequence of 5 road lifting and filling schemes is as follows: brick residue soil (0.242), 4% lime soil (0.209), jatropha (0.204), plain soil (0.176) and 4% cement soil (0.169). And selecting 4% of lime soil and brick residue soil to go down the road to extract and replace filling schemes, namely schemes 2, 4, 7, 9, 12 and 14 to participate in lower-layer decision making.
In addition, the lower layer decision model in the double-layer decision model can be described as a slope construction optimization scheme for selecting the combination of the optimal lower embankment filler and slope protection mode under the slope rate optimization of the slope of 1: 1.3. As the selection of slope protection mode is added in the lower-layer decision model, the economy, the safety and the environmental protection are used as evaluation indexes, and a hierarchical structure model is established as shown in figure 6.
Obtaining the weights of the evaluation indexes in the calculation step of the upper-layer decision model, please refer to table 8:
TABLE 8
The same as the upper layer decision model, based on ANSYS software, under the optimization of the slope ratio of 1: 1.3, the upper embankment adopts 4% lime soil filler; the lower embankment is replaced and filled with 4 percent of lime soil and brick residue soil; the safety data of the embankment is obtained by performing 4% lime-soil replacement processing with the depth of 1.5 m, piling processing with the depth of 1.5 m and performing simulation analysis on the roadbed slope toe processing with the height of 0.5m on the foot wall, and the comprehensive weight of the embankment replacement scheme is obtained by referring to a table 9 and combining with expert opinions, and the comprehensive weight is referred to a table 10.
TABLE 9
| Scheme group | Maximum horizontal displacement | Plastic strain | Factor of safety |
| Scheme 2 | 0.788934 | 0.661883 | 3.00 |
| Scheme 4 | 1.79388 | 0.153439 | 2.73 |
| Scheme 7 | 0.819905 | 0.684888 | 3.03 |
| Scheme 9 | 1.84127 | 0.184697 | 2.75 |
| Scheme 12 | 0.071509 | 0.538399 | 2.78 |
| Scheme 14 | 0.458227 | 0.325168 | 2.80 |
Watch 10
Analyzing the results of the previous calculations can find that: the upper embankment adopts 4% lime soil, the lower embankment adopts brick residue soil, the upper roadbed adopts 0.5m deep piling treatment, the lower roadbed adopts plain soil, the slope ratio of the side slope is optimized to be 1: 1.3, the comprehensive weight of the scheme 9 is 0.184, the scheme is in a preferential position, and the horizontal direction displacement of the scheme is 1.8413m, the plastic strain is 0.1847 and the safety factor is 2.75 through simulation. Compared with other schemes, the scheme 9 has better economy and smaller influence on the environment while ensuring the stability and the safety of the roadbed slope, and meets the requirements of engineering decision making. Therefore, by the method provided by the invention, a better and more matched construction scheme can be accurately and quickly selected.
The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes and modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for optimizing a roadbed slope construction scheme is characterized by comprising the following steps:
drawing up an alternative roadbed slope construction scheme;
grouping the roadbed slope construction schemes according to preset classification rules to obtain a grouping scheme;
establishing a roadbed slope construction scheme evaluation index according to a preset evaluation principle;
establishing a double-layer decision model according to the grouping scheme, and selecting the corresponding evaluation indexes of each layer according to the layering condition;
carrying out analysis evaluation decision on each scheme through a double-layer decision model; the double-layer decision model comprises an upper-layer decision model and a lower-layer decision model, wherein the upper-layer decision model is used for simplifying the number of schemes, and the lower-layer decision model is used for deciding the optimal roadbed slope construction scheme.
2. The method of the preferred highwall construction scheme of claim 1 wherein the drawing up of the alternative construction scheme comprises the steps of:
carrying out on-site investigation;
collecting data;
and (5) testing and detecting.
3. The method of the preferred highwall construction scheme of claim 2 wherein the drawing up of alternative construction schemes comprises the steps of:
performing on-site investigation and collecting related data;
testing and detecting a foundation soil layer and a material source along the project engineering region;
and the research and comparison of related data documents are combined to obtain an implementable roadbed basic processing scheme, roadbed filling materials and side slope gradient.
4. The method of optimizing a subgrade slope construction scheme according to claim 1, characterized in that the preset classification rules are established by differentiating the subgrade slope construction scheme as follows:
slope protection mode;
roadbed filling;
slope rate of the side slope.
5. The method for optimizing a subgrade slope construction scheme according to the claim 1, characterized in that the preset evaluation principle comprises the following characteristics:
safety;
economy;
and (4) environmental protection.
6. The method of a preferred highwall construction scheme according to claim 5,
the safety, the economy and the environmental protection are used as primary indexes of the preset evaluation principle;
and taking construction cost, maintenance cost, maximum horizontal displacement, plastic strain, safety factor, environmental influence and resource consumption as secondary indexes of the preset evaluation principle.
7. The method of optimizing a highwall construction scheme according to claim 1, wherein the two-layer decision model is established based on AHM principles.
8. The method for optimizing a roadside slope construction scheme according to claim 7, wherein in the double-layer decision model established based on the AHM principle:
the score of the qualitative index is obtained by scoring by an industry expert; and
the quantitative index score is obtained through numerical simulation, and the priority of the proposed road alternative construction scheme is sequenced through calculation.
9. The method of optimizing a subgrade slope construction scheme according to claim 8, characterized in that the calculation method of the priority ranking is as follows:
hierarchical structure model building
Constructing an attribute judgment matrix to obtain an attribute weight calculation formula;
and calculating the weight of each road alternative construction scheme by using the attribute weight calculation formula to obtain the priority ranking of the schemes.
10. The method of optimizing a subgrade slope construction scheme according to claim 9, characterized in that the attribute weight calculation formula is as follows:
uijis a judgment matrix of AHM, and the judgment matrix can pass through a of AHPijConverting to obtain;
the above-mentionedaijOn a scale of proportions;
from said aijConverting to obtain the uijThe conversion formula of (c) is as follows:
k is a positive integer greater than 2; beta is more than or equal to 1, and 1 or 2 is selected.
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