CN113128777B - Open pit coal mining plan optimization method based on capital investment endogenous variable - Google Patents
Open pit coal mining plan optimization method based on capital investment endogenous variable Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of open pit mining, and particularly relates to an open pit mining plan optimization method based on a capital investment endogenous variable, which comprises the following steps: (1) Acquiring a coal washery capital construction investment function, other capital construction investment functions except for the coal washery and the stripping equipment, and a total capital construction investment function added up by the two; (2) Obtaining the raw coal mining amount, the stripped waste rock amount and the stripped fourth-period layer amount of a certain planned path for a certain year; (3) Acquiring a relation model of the cost of a certain planned path for a certain year; (4) Acquiring a relation model of a certain annual profit of a certain planned path; (5) Acquiring profit relation models of all years of a feasible planning path; (6) Finding a current path meeting the constraint of a feasible plan; (7) Constructing a new path meeting constraint conditions based on the current path; (8) An updated path satisfying the constraint is constructed on the basis of the "new path" until the best path is found. The invention has reasonable exploitation sequence and strong practicability, can delay the peak of stripping, prolongs the exploitation life, restricts unreasonable expansion of production capacity and reduces investment risk.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of open pit coal mining, and particularly relates to an open pit coal mining plan optimization method based on a capital investment endogenous variable.
Background
The optimization method of the conventional open pit mining plan generally focuses on obtaining the optimal mining sequence, determines a reasonable production capacity for the production capacity or according to the reserve scale in advance, and takes the reasonable and limited production capacity range as a known condition in the mining plan optimization, optimizes the mining sequence and the production capacity in the range at the same time, and in the former case, the capital investment is not variable but is not considered in the plan optimization according to the production capacity; in the latter case, the capital investment is not greatly changed in the production capacity range, and is not considered as a variable in the optimization model, and the capital investment is calculated and calculated into the NPV according to the optimization result after planning and optimizing in order to reflect the Net Present Value (NPV) of the economic benefit of the optimization result as accurately as possible.
However, the capital investment is a function of the production capacity, and the interaction among the production capacity, the production sequence and the production life affects not only the optimal production capacity but also the optimal production sequence and the production life by the latter. The capital investment is not used as an endophytic variable, but the optimization result calculated by the capital investment according to the optimization result after planning and optimizing is often too high in production capacity and large in fluctuation range with time, the mining life is also unreasonable, and the total NPV is lower than the NPV which takes the capital investment as the endophytic variable to obtain an optimized scheme.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the open pit coal mine mining plan optimization method based on the capital investment endogenous variable, which has reasonable mining sequence, strong practicability, prolonged mining life, and improved production capacity and mining efficiency.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention is realized as follows:
an open pit coal mining plan optimization method based on a capital investment endogenous variable comprises the following steps:
(1) Acquiring a basic building investment function of a coal washery without a mineral storage facility, and other basic building investment functions except the coal washery and the mining stripping equipment, and adding up the basic building investment functions;
(2) Obtaining the raw coal mining amount, the stripped waste rock amount and the stripped fourth-period layer amount of a certain planned path for a certain year;
(3) Acquiring a relation model of the cost of a certain planned path for a certain year;
(4) Acquiring a relation model of a certain annual profit of a certain planned path;
(5) Acquiring profit relation models of all years of a feasible planning path according to the relation model obtained in the step (3) and the relation model obtained in the step (4);
(6) Finding out a current path meeting the constraint of the feasible plan;
(7) Constructing a new path of constraint conditions on the basis of the current path obtained in the step (6);
(8) And (3) constructing an updated path of the constraint condition on the basis of the new path obtained in the step (7) until the best planned path is found.
As a preferable scheme, in the step (1) of the invention, the investment function of the infrastructure without the ore storage facilities is as follows:
I p (q max )＝a 1 +b 1 q max ；
wherein I is p (q max ) The coal washery which is folded to the time 0 is not provided with a capital investment function of a storage facility; q max For maximum annual coal mining quantity q max ；a 1 Fixed capital investment for coal washery; b 1 Capital investment for treating each ton of raw coal for a coal washery;
the investment functions of other capital constructions except the coal washery and the stripping equipment are as follows:
I(T)＝a 2 +b 2 q max ；
wherein I (T) is other capital investment functions except coal washery and stripping equipment, which are already discounted to the time 0 point; t is the production scale, which is the maximum annual coal mining quantity q max ；a 2 Fixed investments for other capital constructions; b 2 The capital investment of each ton of raw coal is treated for other capital constructions;
the total capital investment function of the two added together is as follows:
I g ＝I p (q max )+I(T)＝(a 1 +a 2 )+(b 1 +b 2 )q max ＝a+bq max ；
wherein I is g The total capital investment function has been compromised to time 0; a is total fixed investment; b is the total investment for treating each ton of raw coal.
Further, in the step (2) of the present invention, the raw coal mining amount, the stripped waste rock amount and the stripped fourth layer amount of a certain planned path for a certain year are:
q t ＝Q* k(t) -Q* k(t-1) ；
w t ＝W* k(t) -W* k(t-1) ；
s t ＝S* k(t) -S* k(t-1) ；
wherein t is year; q t Raw coal exploitation quantity in the t year of a certain planned path; w (w) t The amount of waste rock stripped in the t-th year for a certain planned path; s is(s) t Fourth horizon amount of stripping at the t-th year for a planned path; k (t) is the sequence { P }, representing the mining volume at the end of the t-th year on a planned path N The sequence number of (c) is advanced to mining body P at the end of the t-th year k(t) ；{P*} N The method is characterized in that the body is mined for geological optimization; n is the number of the final boundary mining body; q is k(t) To consider the recovery rate and the geological optimal exploitation sequence { P }, after mixing of waste rock N Raw coal amount in k (t) th mining body, and Q k(t-1) Is Q k(t) Raw coal amount in the previous mining body; w is k(t) To consider the recovery rate and the geological optimal exploitation sequence { P }, after mixing of waste rock N In k (t) th mined body rock stripping amount, and similarly, W k(t) Is W k(t-1) The rock stripping amount in the previous mining body; s is k(t) To consider the recovery rate and the geological optimal exploitation sequence { P }, after mixing of waste rock N Fourth interval in the k (t) th production, and similarly, S × k(t) Is S k(t-1) Is the amount of rock stripping in the previously mined body.
Further, in the step (3) of the present invention, the relationship model of the cost of a certain planned path for a certain year is:
c t ＝q t (c q +c p )+w t c w +s t c s +U(q t ,q max )；
wherein, c t Costs for the t-th year for a planned route; c q The unit coal mining cost is; c p The unit coal washing cost is; c w The cost of rock stripping per unit including the cost of transportation; c s Stripping costs for the unit fourth century layer including transportation costs; u (q) t ，q max ) Idle cost for coal washery and other infrastructure facilities, when q t <q max And if not, the device is idle, otherwise, the device is 0.
Further, in the step (4), the relation model of profit of a certain planned path for a certain year is:
p t ＝q t r p D t -c t ；
wherein p is t Profit of the t-th year for a certain planned route; r is (r) p The recovery rate of the coal washing; d (D) t Is the coal price of the t year.
Further, in the step (5) of the present invention, the profit relationship model of all years of the certain planned path is:
wherein l is a planned route; NPV is the total net present value of a path from point 0 to the end point; d is the discount rate; f is the life of the mine.
Further, in step (6) of the present invention, a current path method satisfying the constraint of the feasible plan is found as follows:
s101: let 1 st year time t=1, { P } N Finding a mineral quantity not smaller than and closest to Q L Is of the extract of P k(1) And the total amount of ore rock is not more than T U The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the At this time q 1 ＝Q* k(1) ，w 1 ＝W* k(1) ，s 1 ＝S* k(1) The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Continuing the next step; if no such mining body is found, no viable plan is available, terminating;
s102: let time t=t+1;
s103: let the mining body number k (t) =k (t-1) +1 for year t, where k (t-1) is the mining body number of the previous year on the positive build plan path;
s104: calculating q of year t t 、w t Sum s t ；
S105: there are three situations:
(a) If q t <Q L And q t +w t +s t ≤T U ：
If k (t) =n, the final boundary P is reached N Obtaining a complete feasible path, and executing S106 in F=t years; otherwise (k (t)<N), it is not feasible to select a larger mining volume, let k (t) =k (t) +1, return to S104;
(b) If Q L ≤q t ≤Q U And q t +w t +s t ≤T U ：
If k (t) =n, the final boundary P is reached N Obtaining a complete feasible path, and executing S106 in F=t years; otherwise, returning to S102;
(c) If q t >Q U Or q t +w t +s t >T U The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the No viable plan is available, and termination is made.
S106: get a new year of q per year except the last year t Are not less than Q L A viable planned path for the lowest coal yield of (a); calculating the total NPV of the path according to the enumeration model; taking the path as the current path and saving the path as the optimal path.
Further, in step (7) of the present invention, a new path method for constructing constraint conditions based on the current path is as follows:
s107: let time t=f-1, F be the current best path's life;
s108: constructing a new feasible planned path from the t year, wherein the new path is the same as the current path in the 1 to (t-1) years; increasing the mining body serial number of the current path by 1, namely, making k (t) =k (t) +1;
s109: calculating q of year t t 、w t Sum s t ；
S110: there are two situations:
(a) If q t ≤Q U And q t +w t +s t ≤T U ；
Original P k(t) Replacing the mining body with the mining body of the year t on the current path; if k (t) =n, the final boundary P is reached N A complete feasible path is obtained, f=t years, and go to S115; otherwise, S111 is performed;
(b) If q t >Q U Or q t +w t +s t >T U ；
If t >0 is not viable, let t=t-1, i.e. back for one year along the current path, return to S108; otherwise, completing construction and evaluation of all the feasible planned paths, and turning to S116;
further, in step (8) of the present invention, on the basis of the new path, the method for constructing the updated path of the constraint condition until the best path is found is as follows:
s111: let time t=t+1;
s112: let mining volume number k (t) =k (t-1) +1 for year t;
s113: calculating q of year t t 、w t Sum s t ；
S114: there are three situations:
(a) If q t <Q L And q t +w t +s t ≤T U ；
If k (t) =n, the final boundary P is reached N Obtaining a complete feasible path, f=t years, executing S115; otherwise, k (t)<N, it is not feasible, and a larger mining body needs to be selected, let k (t) =k (t) +1, and return to S113;
(b) If Q L ≤q t ≤Q U And q t +w t +s t ≤T U ；
If k (t) =n, the final boundary P is reached N Obtaining a complete feasible path, f=t years, executing S115; otherwise, returning to S111;
(c) If q t >Q U Or q t +w t +s t >T U The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The annual coal mining amount or annual coal mining and stripping total amount exceeds the set upper limit, no viable plan exists, and the process goes to S116;
s115: after a new feasible planned path is constructed, calculating the total NPV of the path; if the total NPV of the path is larger than the total NPV of the stored optimal path, replacing the original optimal path, and storing the path as the optimal path; otherwise, the original optimal path is unchanged. Returning to S107 with the path as the current path;
s116: and outputting the optimal planned path, and ending.
The method of the invention regards the capital investment plan as a function of the production scale, and uses the capital investment as an endogenous variable in the optimization process of the mining plan, and constructs the optimization method of the open pit coal mining plan by using an enumeration method. Compared with the original method, the mining method has the advantages that the mining sequence of the mining scheme obtained through optimization is reasonable, the practicability is high, the mining life can be prolonged, the production capacity and the mining efficiency are improved, and the NPV is better.
The application result shows that the consideration of the capital investment as the endogenous variable has a great influence on the open pit mining plan, whether the production capacity, the mining life and the mining sequence are compared with the optimal plan obtained without the consideration of the capital investment as the endogenous variable, the consideration of the capital investment as the endogenous variable is more reasonable and practical, and the economic benefit is better.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a dynamic ordering of geological optimal production volumes;
fig. 2 is a flow chart of an optimization method of the open pit coal mining plan of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described in conjunction with the specific embodiments which will enable one of ordinary skill in the art to more fully understand the invention.
For convenience of description, the following definitions are given:
geological optimal exploitation body: the highest coal content of all stopes with the volume V and the working slope angle not exceeding alpha in the final boundary P is the geology optimal exploitation body for V and alpha, and the geology optimal exploitation body sequence is formed by nesting the stopes one by one.
The method for generating the geological optimal exploitation body comprises the following steps: firstly, constructing a cone angle which is a working slope angle positive cone by a positive cone discharging method, wherein the top point of the cone angle positive cone is placed on a coal bed bottom plate at the middle point of a first mould column (when a coal bed is not in use, the top point is placed on the ground surface of the mould column), calculating the volume, the raw coal quantity, the rock stripping quantity, the soil stripping quantity and the stripping ratio of the superposition part of the cone and the current stope, and if the raw coal quantity in the cone does not exceed the currently set raw coal increment delta Q, sequencing and recording the cone according to the stripping ratio, otherwise, the cone does not perform any treatment; and then moving the cone to the center of the next mould column, repeating the steps until the addition of the recorded raw coal amounts of the cones (only the overlapping part is calculated once) is equal to or close to delta Q, deleting the added cone combination, and lifting the bottom elevation of the mould column affected by deletion to the highest cone shell elevation at the corresponding mould column to obtain a new stope. And restarting all the steps until the raw coal quantity of the rest part of the obtained stope is less than or equal to the set delta Q, and finally obtaining the geology optimal mining body sequence { P } N 。
{P*} N : geological optimal production of a sequence of volumes.
Q* i ：{P*} N Raw coal amount in the ith mining body;
W* i ：{P*} N the rock stripping amount in the ith mining body;
S* i ：{P*} N fourth zone exfoliation in the ith production zone (Q i 、W* i 、S* i Taking into account the recovery rate and the amount of waste rock mixed in);
k (t): representing the sequence { P }, of the mining bodies at the end of the t-th year on a planned path N The sequence number of (c) is, therefore, advanced to the mining volume P at the end of the t-th year k(t) ；
q t : raw coal exploitation quantity q of t-th year of certain planned path t ＝Q* k(t) -Q* k(t-1) ；
w t : quantity of peeled waste rock in t-th year of certain planned routew t ＝W* k(t) -W* k(t-1) ；
s t : fourth horizon quantity s of stripping of certain planned path at the t-th year t ＝S* k(t) -S* k(t-1) ；
F: the mining life (F is less than or equal to N);
Q L : the lower limit of the feasible interval of the annual yield of raw coal;
Q U : the upper limit of the feasible interval of the annual yield of raw coal;
T U : the upper limit of the total annual harvest and stripping amount;
D t : the coal price of the t year can change with time;
c q : the unit coal mining cost;
c w : unit rock stripping cost (inclusion);
c s : unit fourth layer stripping cost;
c p : the unit coal washing cost;
r p : recovery rate of coal washing;
d: the discount rate;
I p (q max ): the coal washery capital investment function (without storage facilities) has been compromised to time 0, and the maximum throughput of the coal washery is based on the maximum annual coal mining quantity q max Designed so that the capital investment function of the coal washery is q max The specific functions are: i p (q max )＝a 1 +b 1 q max ，a 1 Fixed capital investment for coal washery, b 1 Capital investment for treating each ton of raw coal for a coal washery;
i (T): other capital investment functions than washery and stripping equipment that have been compromised to time 0 are a function of production scale T, herein production scale is maximum annual coal production q max So the capital investment function is also q max The specific functions are: i (T) =a 2 +b 2 q max ，a 2 Fixed investments for other capital constructions, b 2 The capital investment of each ton of raw coal is treated for other capital constructions;
I g : the total capital investment function, which has been compromised to time 0, is two investment functions I p (q max ) And I (T), the specific function being I g ＝I p (q max )+I(T)＝(a 1 +a 2 )+(b 1 +b 2 )q max
＝a+bq max A is total fixed investment, b is total investment for processing each ton of raw coal;
U(q t ，q max ): idle costs of coal washery and other infrastructure, when q t <q max Idle, otherwise, 0;
c t : cost of the t-th year of a certain planned path;
p t : profit of the t-th year of a certain planned route;
NPV: the total net present value of a path from point 0 to the endpoint;
the stripping equipment is generally purchased not once before production but for multiple times in different years. The model is simplified correspondingly, and investment of the stripping equipment is distributed to corresponding unit cost of each ton of coal, rock and the fourth layer at depreciation cost.
The enumeration method model for mining plan optimization is as follows:
assuming that a certain planned path is l, the cost of the t-th year on the path is:
c t ＝q t (c q +c p )+w t c w +s t c s +U(q t ,q max )
the profit of the t-th year on the route is:
p t ＝q t r p D t -c t
NPV of planned path l L The method comprises the following steps:
the initial condition is q 0 ＝0，w 0 ＝0，s 0 ＝0；
And calculating NPVs of all the planned paths, wherein the NPVs are the optimal plans to the maximum.
In the geology optimal exploitation body dynamic sequencing diagram (shown in fig. 1), each node (circle) of the uppermost row is a final boundary; any path from the origin 0 to any node in the top row is a possible planned path; the mining quantity q of any year t except the last year on a planned route t Satisfy Q L ≤q t ≤Q U And q t +w t +s t ≤T U Last year (F) satisfies q F ≤Q U And q F +w F +s F ≤T U Then the path is a viable planned path.
The enumeration model may calculate from beginning to end for each planned path, sometimes resulting in repeated operations, such as calculating 3 planned paths (assuming a viable planned path) in fig. 1. Path 1:0 → P 1 →P* 2 →…→P* N-3 →P* N-2 →P* N-1 →P* N Path 2:0 → P 1 →P* 2 →…→P* N-3 →P* N-2 →P* N Path 3:0 → P 1 →P* 2 →…→P* N-3 →P* N-1 →P* N The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the All 0 to P in N-3 years before three paths 1 →P* 2 →…→P* N-3 When economic evaluation and calculation are carried out on three feasible planned paths, the geological optimal exploitation body on the same path of N-3 years before the evaluation and calculation are repeated for 3 times, and a great amount of time is wasted. In order to solve the problem of repeated calculation, when calculating paths 2 and 3, the path of the geological optimal mining body which is calculated and evaluated in N-3 years before the path 1 is stored, and new paths generated after N-3 years of the paths 2 and 3 are directly calculated on the basis of the path of the last N-3 years, so that the method is convenient to do and can save a great amount of time.
From this, it is possible to derive a rule that the planned path 2 can be constructed from the adjacent planned path 1 therebelow, and the planned path 3 can be constructed from the planned path 2. Therefore, all feasible planned paths do not need to be found out and economically evaluated, only when the feasible planned paths are constructed, only the new geological optimal mining body appearing on the feasible paths is subjected to related calculation, and only the current feasible planned path and the optimal feasible planned path are saved; when the path construction and evaluation is finished, the optimal path is also out. The enumeration algorithm is derived as follows:
step 1: set time t=1 (1 st year). { P } N Finding a mineral quantity not smaller than and closest to Q L Is of the extract of P k(1) And the total amount of ore rock is not more than T U The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Q at this time 1 ＝Q* k(1) ，w 1 ＝W* k(1) ，s 1 ＝S* k(1) The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The next step is continued. If such a production body is not found, there is no viable plan and the algorithm terminates.
Step 2: let time t=t+1.
Step 3: let the mining volume number k (t) =k (t-1) +1 for the year t, k (t-1) be the mining volume number of the previous year on the positive build plan path.
Step 4: calculating q of year t t 、w t Sum s t 。
Step 5: there are three situations:
(a) If q t <Q L And q t +w t +s t ≤T U ：
If k (t) =n, the final boundary P is reached N Obtaining a complete feasible path (as shown in path 1 of fig. 1), and executing step 6 in f=t years; otherwise (k (t)<N), a larger mining volume is not feasible, let k (t) =k (t) +1, return to step 4.
(b) If Q L ≤q t ≤Q U And q t +w t +s t ≤T U ：
If k (t) =n, the final boundary P is reached N Obtaining a complete feasible path, and executing the step 6 in F=t years; otherwise, returning to the step 2.
(c) If q t >Q U Or q t +w t +s t >T U ：
There is no viable plan and the algorithm terminates.
Step 6: get a new year of q per year except the last year t Are not less than Q L The "lowest coal yield" feasible planned path of (c) is defined. The total NPV for this path is calculated according to an enumeration model. The path is taken as the current path and saved as the best path.
Step 7: let time t=f-1, F be the current best path's life span.
Step 8: a new feasible planned path is constructed from the t year, and the new path is the same as the current path for 1- (t-1) year. The mining body serial number of the current path for the year t is increased by 1, namely, k (t) =k (t) +1.
Step 9: calculating q of year t t 、w t Sum s t 。
Step 10: there are two situations:
(a) If q t ≤Q U And q t +w t +s t ≤T U ：
Original P k(t) Replacing the mining body with the mining body of the year t on the current path; if k (t) =n, the final boundary P is reached N Obtaining a complete feasible path (as shown in path 2 of fig. 1), and turning to step 15 in f=t; otherwise, step 11 is performed.
(b) If q t >Q U Or q t +w t +s t >T U ：
If t >0, let t=t-1, i.e. return back for one year along the current path, return to step 8; otherwise, all the feasible planned paths are constructed and evaluated, and the step 16 is carried out.
Step 11: let time t=t+1.
Step 12: let mining volume number k (t) =k (t-1) +1 for year t.
Step 13: calculating q of year t t 、w t Sum s t 。
Step 14: there are three situations:
(a) If q t <Q L And q t +w t +s t ≤T U ：
If k (t) =n, the final boundary P is reached N Obtaining a complete feasible path (as shown in path 3 of fig. 1), and executing step 15 in f=t years; otherwise (k (t)<N), a larger mining volume needs to be selected, let k (t) =k (t) +1, and return to step 13.
(b) If Q L ≤q t ≤Q U And q t +w t +s t ≤T U ：
If k (t) =n, the final boundary P is reached N Obtaining a complete feasible path, and executing the 15 th step in F=t years; otherwise, returning to the 11 th step.
(c) If q t >Q U Or q t +w t +s t >T U ：
The annual coal mining amount or the annual coal mining and stripping total amount exceeds the set upper limit, no viable plan exists, and the process goes to the step 16.
Step 15: and after the new feasible planning path is constructed, calculating the total NPV of the path according to the enumeration model. If the total NPV of the path is larger than the total NPV of the stored optimal path, replacing the original optimal path, and storing the path as the optimal path; otherwise, the original optimal path is unchanged. The path is returned to step 7 as the current path.
Step 16: and outputting the optimal planned path, and ending the algorithm.
In the existing 202 geological optimal exploitation body sequences, the technical route of the invention is adopted, and the economic and technical parameters related to the case mine are shown in the table 1:
TABLE 1 economic and technical parameter Table
The total capital investment function (ten thousand yuan) of the invention is I g ＝20000+250q max The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the When the annual treatment capacity of coal washery and other infrastructure facilities is less than 95%, idle cost is generated, the reserve capacity of the case mine is 14151.8 ten thousand tons, so the capacity estimated by Taylor empirical formula is 650 ten thousand tons, the mining life is estimated to be 22 years,the annual idle cost of the mine is calculated according to 22 years and 8% interest, the proportion of the annual idle cost is calculated as the reciprocal of the annual gold coefficient, i.e. the idle cost of one whole year is 10% of the investment. The resulting optimal mining protocol is shown in Table 2 below:
table 2 optimal mining planning scheme with capital investment as an endogenous variable in optimization
The net present value of year 0 is discounted to the total capital investment function I at point 0 in Table 2 g ＝20000
+250q max =146000 kiloyuan (q max =504 ten thousand tons).
And assuming that the capital investment is not considered as an endophytic variable, the same processing method is adopted, and the capital investment is calculated according to the optimization result and calculated into the NPV after planning and optimizing to obtain the optimal scheme as shown in the following table 3:
TABLE 3 optimal mining planning scheme without capital investment as an endogenous variable in optimization
The net present value in Table 3 is discounted to the total capital investment function I at point 0 g ＝20000+250q max = 251500 kiloyuan (q max 926 ten thousand tons), the total profit is 414439.5-251500 = 162939.5 ten thousand yuan. The mining planning schemes with the capital investment of table 2 as an internal variable increased the total NPV by 20.92% compared to the mining planning schemes without the capital investment of table 3 as an internal variable.
The mining life of the best scheme of the table 2 is 29 years, is more reasonable, and meets the requirement that the mining service life is generally not less than 20 years in mines with the design year production capacity of 400-1000 ten thousand tons in the design specification standard of the strip mine in the coal industry.
The best solution in table 2 has a later stripping peak, effectively reduces the investment of capital for dealing with large-scale stripping in the early stage, and avoids a large amount of idle conditions of stripping equipment in the later stage of exploitation.
In the optimization, table 2 uses the capital investment as an internal variable to reduce the annual raw coal production capacity from about 915 to about 492 ten thousand tons, which does not use the capital investment table 3 as an internal variable. The capital investment has a suppression effect on the production capacity, and when the suppression effect of the capital investment is not provided, the net present value can be improved as long as the income brought by the increased raw coal amount is higher than the increased cost, and the production capacity can be increased, so that the production capacity can be unreasonably expanded, which is the reason that the production capacity in the table 3 is close to the upper limit of the productivity.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (1)
1. An open pit coal mining plan optimization method based on a capital investment endogenous variable is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Acquiring a basic building investment function of a coal washery without a mineral storage facility, and other basic building investment functions except the coal washery and the mining stripping equipment, and adding up the basic building investment functions; the capital investment function of the non-ore storage facility is as follows:
I p (q max )＝a 1 +b 1 q max ；
wherein I is p (q max ) -the coal washery that has been compromised to time 0 does not have a storage facility capital investment function;
q max -maximum annual coal mining quantity;
a 1 -fixed capital investment of coal washery;
b 1 -the coal washery processes the capital investment per ton of raw coal;
the investment functions of other capital constructions except the coal washery and the stripping equipment are as follows:
I(T)＝a 2 +b 2 q max ；
in the method, in the process of the invention,
i (T) -other capital investment functions except coal washery and stripping equipment that have been compromised to time 0;
t-production Scale, which is the maximum annual coal mining quantity q max ；
a 2 -other capital investment;
b 2 -other capital investment per ton of raw coal is processed by the capital construction;
the total capital investment function of the two added together is as follows:
I g ＝I p (q max )+I(T)＝(a 1 +a 2 )+(b 1 +b 2 )q max ＝a+bq max ；
wherein I is g -the total capital investment function has been compromised to time 0;
a-total fixed investment;
b-investment for total treatment of raw coal per ton;
(2) Obtaining the raw coal mining amount, the stripped waste rock amount and the stripped fourth-period layer amount of a certain planned path for a certain year; the raw coal mining amount, the stripped waste rock amount and the stripped fourth layer amount of a certain planned path for a certain year are sequentially as follows:
q t ＝Q* k(t) -Q* k(t-1) ；
w t ＝W* k(t) -W* k(t-1) ；
s t ＝S* k(t) -S* k(t-1) ；
wherein, t is year;
q t -the raw coal exploitation amount of a certain planned path in the t year;
w t -the amount of stripped waste rock in the t-th year of a planned path;
s t -the stripping of the t-th year of a certain planned pathFour-layer amount;
k (t) -represents the sequence { P }, of the mining body at the end of the t-th year on a planned path N The sequence number of (c) is advanced to mining body P at the end of the t-th year k(t) ；
{P*} N -geologically optimal production volumes;
n-the number of the final boundary mining body;
Q* k(t) -a geological optimal exploitation sequence { P }, taking into account the recovery rate and the mixing of waste rock N Raw coal amount in k (t) th mining body, Q #) k(t-1) Is Q k(t) Raw coal amount in the previous mining body;
W* k(t) -a geological optimal exploitation sequence { P }, taking into account the recovery rate and the mixing of waste rock N In the k (t) th mining body, W k(t) Is W k(t-1) The rock stripping amount in the previous mining body;
S* k(t) -a geological optimal exploitation sequence { P }, taking into account the recovery rate and the mixing of waste rock N Fourth interval in the k (t) th production, S k(t) Is S k(t-1) The rock stripping amount in the previous mining body;
(3) Acquiring a relation model of the cost of a certain planned path for a certain year; the relationship model of the cost of a certain planned path for a certain year is as follows:
c t ＝q t (c q +c p )+w t c w +s t c s +U(q t ,q max )；
wherein, c t -the cost of the t-th year of a planned route;
c q -unit coal mining cost;
c p -unit coal washing cost;
c w -a unit rock stripping cost comprising a transportation cost;
c s -a unit fourth layer stripping cost comprising transportation costs;
U(q t ,q max ) The idle cost of coal washery and other infrastructure facilities, when q t <q max Idle, otherwise, 0;
(4) Acquiring a relation model of a certain annual profit of a certain planned path; the relation model of profit of a certain planned path for a certain year is as follows:
p t ＝q t r p D t -c t ；
wherein p is t -profit of the t-th year of a certain planned route;
r p -coal washing recovery rate;
D t -the coal price at the t-th year;
(5) Acquiring profit relationship models of all years of a certain planning path according to the relationship model obtained in the step (3) and the relationship model obtained in the step (4); the profit relationship model of all years of the certain planned path is as follows:
wherein, l is a certain planned path;
npv—the total net present value of a path from point 0 to the endpoint;
d-discount rate;
f, the exploitation life and the year;
(6) Finding out a current path meeting the constraint of the feasible plan; the method for finding the current path meeting the constraint of the feasible plan is as follows:
s101: let 1 st year time t=1, { P } N Finding a mineral quantity not smaller than and closest to Q L Is of the extract of P k(1) And the total amount of ore rock is not more than T U The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the At this time q 1 ＝Q* k(1) ，w 1 ＝W* k(1) ，s 1 ＝S* k(1) The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Continuing the next step; if no such mining body is found, no viable plan is available, terminating;
s102: let time t=t+1;
s103: let the mining body number k (t) =k (t-1) +1 for year t, where k (t-1) is the mining body number of the previous year on the positive build plan path;
s104: meter with a meter bodyQ of calculating the year t t 、w t Sum s t ；
S105: there are three situations:
(a) If q t <Q L And q t +w t +s t ≤T U ：
If k (t) =n, the final boundary P is reached N Obtaining a complete feasible path, and executing S106 in F=t years; otherwise, k (t)<N, not viable, a larger mining volume needs to be selected, let k (t) =k (t) +1, return to S104;
(b) If Q L ≤q t ≤Q U And q t +w t +s t ≤T U ：
If k (t) =n, the final boundary P is reached N Obtaining a complete feasible path, and executing S106 in F=t years; otherwise, returning to S102;
(c) If q t >Q U Or q t +w t +s t >T U The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the If no viable plan exists, terminating;
s106: get a new year of q per year except the last year t Are not less than Q L A viable planned path for the lowest coal yield of (a); calculating the total NPV of a certain planned path according to the profit relation model of all years of the path; taking the path as a current path and storing the current path as an optimal path;
in which Q L 、Q U A lower limit and an upper limit of annual ore production capacity, respectively; t (T) U The upper limit of the annual harvesting and stripping capability is set;
(7) Constructing a new path of constraint conditions on the basis of the current path obtained in the step (6); on the basis of the current path, a new path method for constructing constraint conditions is as follows:
s107: let time t=f-1, F be the current best path's life;
s108: constructing a new feasible planned path from the t year, wherein the new path is the same as the current path in the 1 to (t-1) years; increasing the mining body serial number of the current path by 1, namely, making k (t) =k (t) +1;
s109: calculating q of year t t 、w t Sum s t ；
S110: there are two situations:
(a) If q t ≤Q U And q t +w t +s t ≤T U ；
Original P k(t) Replacing the mining body with the mining body of the year t on the current path; if k (t) =n, the final boundary P is reached N A complete feasible path is obtained, f=t years, and go to S115; otherwise, S111 is performed;
(b) If q t >Q U Or q t +w t +s t >T U ；
If t >0 is not viable, let t=t-1, i.e. back for one year along the current path, return to S108; otherwise, completing construction and evaluation of all the feasible planned paths, and turning to S116; wherein F is the mining life of the current optimal path;
(8) Constructing an updated path of the constraint condition on the basis of the new path obtained in the step (7) until the optimal planning path is found; on the basis of the new path, the method for constructing the updated path of the constraint condition until the best planned path is found is as follows:
s111: let time t=t+1;
s112: let mining volume number k (t) =k (t-1) +1 for year t;
s113: calculating q of year t t 、w t Sum s t ；
S114: there are three situations:
(a) If q t <Q L And q t +w t +s t ≤T U ；
If k (t) =n, the final boundary P is reached N Obtaining a complete feasible path, f=t years, executing S115; otherwise, k (t)<N, it is not feasible, and a larger mining body needs to be selected, let k (t) =k (t) +1, and return to S113;
(b) If Q L ≤q t ≤Q U And q t +w t +s t ≤T U ；
If k (t) =n, the final boundary P is reached N Get a complete feasible path, F=t years, executeS115; otherwise, returning to S111;
(c) If q t >Q U Or q t +w t +s t >T U The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The annual coal mining amount or annual coal mining and stripping total amount exceeds the set upper limit, no viable plan exists, and the process goes to S116;
s115: after a new feasible planned path is constructed, calculating the total NPV of the path; if the total NPV of the path is larger than the total NPV of the stored optimal path, replacing the original optimal path, and storing the path as the optimal path; otherwise, the original optimal path is unchanged; returning to S107 with the path as the current path;
s116: and outputting the optimal planned path, and ending.
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