CN113128034A - Underwater wireless optical channel parallel simulation method based on GPU - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to an underwater wireless optical channel parallel simulation method based on a GPU, which comprises the following steps: setting optical characteristic parameters in underwater wireless optical communication; the CPU end distributes the generation task of the random number to the GPU end, and the GPU end generates the random number meeting all preset photon operations; determining the underwater absorption and scattering process of photons by calculating and assigning azimuth angles, scattering angles and step lengths; tracking the absorption scattering process of each photon, and distributing the absorption scattering process of all photons to GPU end operation; after the absorption and scattering processes of all photons are finished, copying operation data generated by a GPU end to a CPU end, and storing text data; according to the text data, the time of photons reaching the receiving end is counted, the energy of the photons at the same time is accumulated to obtain a relation curve of photon weight and time, the positions of the photons reaching the receiving end are counted, and the energy of the photons at the same position is accumulated to obtain a relation curve of photon weight and position. The invention improves the calculation efficiency of the simulation model.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of underwater wireless optical communication, in particular to an underwater wireless optical channel parallel simulation method based on a GPU.
Background
The distance is a key for restricting the development of an underwater wireless optical communication technology, wherein the main factors for limiting the transmission distance of light in a seawater channel are as follows: absorption and scattering, photons can collide with water molecules or other tiny particles when moving in a seawater channel, energy loss and direction change are generated, and the process can cause multipath effect and energy loss, and intersymbol interference is caused. Therefore, a link for characterizing the degree of channel scattering by modeling is indispensable.
In the related technology, an underwater wireless optical communication algorithm based on Monte Carlo simulation is a simulation method for reflecting underwater optical field distribution by using apparent optical quantity under different hydrological factors (attenuation coefficient, azimuth angle, zenith angle and scattering phase function) through calculation, and the method can effectively calculate the influence of absorption and scattering on underwater light propagation in a sample simulation mode. In order to simulate the attenuation of channels under different hydrographic parameters of seawater channels and different emission power conditions, the number of simulated photons is continuously increased, and the parameters of simulated sea areas are increasingly complex, so far, the operating efficiency of a simulation program based on the Monte Carlo method is gradually reduced. Accordingly, there is a need to improve one or more of the problems in the related art solutions described above to improve the computational efficiency of the simulation model.
It is to be noted that the information disclosed in the above background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the background of the present disclosure, and thus may include information that does not constitute prior art known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a GPU-based underwater wireless optical channel parallel simulation method to improve the calculation efficiency of a simulation model.
The invention provides a GPU-based underwater wireless optical channel parallel simulation method, which comprises the following steps:
setting optical characteristic parameters in underwater wireless optical communication;
the CPU end distributes the generation task of the random number to the GPU end, and the GPU end generates the random number meeting all preset photon operations;
determining the underwater absorption and scattering process of photons by calculating and assigning azimuth angles, scattering angles and step lengths;
tracking the absorption scattering process of each photon, and distributing the absorption scattering process of all photons to GPU (graphics processing unit) end operation;
after the absorption scattering process of all photons is finished, copying operation data generated by a GPU end to a CPU end, and storing text data;
and according to the text data, counting the time of the photons reaching the receiving end, accumulating the energy of the photons at the same time to obtain a relation curve of the photon weight and the time, counting the positions of the photons reaching the receiving end, and accumulating the energy of the photons at the same position to obtain a relation curve of the photon weight and the positions.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the step of allocating, by the CPU side, a task of generating the random number to the GPU side includes:
and the CPU determines the dimensions and sizes of the blocks, the grids and the threads according to the program requirements and the model of the GPU, opens up a corresponding number of sub-threads and distributes the calculation tasks to the sub-threads.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the step of generating the random number satisfying all the predetermined photon operations at the GPU terminal includes:
and (3) predefining a function at a GPU end to generate random numbers in a range of 0 to 1, and storing the random numbers for determining random azimuth angles, step lengths and scattering angles through a one-dimensional array.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the step of tracking the absorption scattering process of each photon and allocating the absorption scattering processes of all photons to GPU side operation includes:
calculating a random step size of the photon;
determining the next transmission direction and position of the photon according to the random step length, the scattering angle and the azimuth angle;
calculating the weight of the photon;
judging whether the photon reaches a receiving surface at the moment according to the current position of the photon, if not, repeating the steps, if so, counting the position, time and weight parameters of the photon, and performing scattering collision on the next photon;
and judging whether the photon is the last photon, counting the position, time and weight parameters of the photon if the photon is the last photon, and repeating the steps if the photon is not the last photon.
In an embodiment of the present invention, a positive half axis of Z is taken as a transmission direction of the photons, and Z ═ 0 is characterized as a set of light source photons.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the calculation method of the random step size of the photon is as follows:
wherein the value of the absorption coefficient alpha is 0.1-3/m, the value of the scattering coefficient beta is 0.01-3/m, and the total attenuation coefficient c of the channel is alpha + beta; r is1The value range is (0, 1) for random numbers, and d is the random step length.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the calculation method of the azimuth angle is as follows:
wherein, the azimuth angle is the included angle between the projection of the scattering direction of the photon on the XOY plane and the positive half axis of the X axis, r2Is a random number, and the value range is (0, 1);
the scattering angle is calculated as follows:
wherein g is an asymmetry factor,
theta is the scattering angle, r3Is a random number and has a value range of (0, 1).
In an embodiment of the present invention, the next transmission direction of the photons is
The specific calculation method is as follows:
the next transmission position of the photon is (x)i+1,yi+1,zi+1) The specific calculation method is as follows:
wherein (x)i,yi,zi) The last time photon collides with the last time photon is the coordinate when the photon does not reach the receiving end, if the photon is the first time collision, then (x)i,yi,zi) The initial position and the initial random scattering direction.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the photon weight calculation method is as follows:
Wi+1＝Wi·Tsca；
wherein, Wi+1Weight of the photon after i +1 scatteringiIs the sum of the first i photon weight losses, TscaIs the single scattering rate of the water channel.
In an embodiment of the invention, the optical characteristic parameters include an absorption coefficient, a scattering coefficient, and an anisotropy factor.
The technical scheme provided by the invention can have the following beneficial effects:
in the embodiment of the invention, the high-speed operation of the program is realized by utilizing the cooperative mode of the GPU and the CPU, and the returned data is stored in a text form.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the invention, as claimed.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the invention and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention. It is apparent that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the disclosure, and that other drawings may be derived from those drawings by a person of ordinary skill in the art without inventive effort.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating steps of an underwater wireless optical channel parallel simulation method based on a GPU in an exemplary embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating the steps of a process of calculating absorption scattering of each photon at the GPU end in an exemplary embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart illustrating a process of calculating absorption scattering of each photon at the GPU end in an exemplary embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a GPU-based underwater wireless optical channel parallel simulation flow in an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
Example embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Example embodiments may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the examples set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the concept of example embodiments to those skilled in the art. The described features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.
Furthermore, the drawings are merely schematic illustrations of the invention and are not necessarily drawn to scale. The same reference numerals in the drawings denote the same or similar parts, and thus their repetitive description will be omitted. Some of the block diagrams shown in the figures are functional entities and do not necessarily correspond to physically or logically separate entities. These functional entities may be implemented in the form of software, or in one or more hardware modules or integrated circuits, or in different networks and/or processor devices and/or microcontroller devices.
First, in this example embodiment, a GPU-based underwater wireless optical channel parallel simulation method is provided, and referring to fig. 1, the method may include the following steps:
step S101: setting optical characteristic parameters in underwater wireless optical communication;
step S102: the CPU end distributes the generation task of the random number to the GPU end, and the GPU end generates the random number meeting all preset photon operations;
step S103: determining the underwater absorption and scattering process of photons by calculating and assigning azimuth angles, scattering angles and step lengths;
step S104: tracking the absorption scattering process of each photon, and distributing the absorption scattering process of all photons to GPU (graphics processing unit) end operation;
step S105: after the absorption and scattering processes of all the photons are finished, the generated operation data is copied to a CPU (central processing unit) end from a GPU (graphics processing unit) end, and text data is stored;
step S106: and according to the text data, counting the time of the photons reaching the receiving end, accumulating the energy of the photons at the same time to obtain a relation curve of the photon weight and the time, counting the positions of the photons reaching the receiving end, and accumulating the energy of the photons at the same position to obtain a relation curve of the photon weight and the positions.
In the embodiment of the invention, the high-speed operation of the program is realized by utilizing the cooperative mode of the GPU and the CPU, and the returned data is stored in a text form.
Hereinafter, each step of the above-described method in the present exemplary embodiment will be described in more detail.
In step S101, optical characteristic parameters of the simulated seawater channel are set, where the optical characteristic parameters of the channel include: absorption coefficient of seawater, scattering phase function of composite seawater scattering property in simulation and various factors. Specifically, the optical characteristic parameters can be obtained by monitoring parameters through a reference or each hydrological monitoring station, however, it should be noted that each parameter needs to be selected in accordance with the wavelength of the selected light source. Generally, in order to select the wavelength of light with less attenuation in seawater, the wavelength λ is usually selected in the range of about 400nm to 600nm, and the corresponding water body can be obtained by the absorption scattering coefficient in table 1. In the embodiment of the present invention, the hydrographic coefficient of the No. I water area part is taken as an example, wherein the absorption coefficient alpha is 0.114m-1Scattering coefficient beta of 0.151m-1。
TABLE 1 absorption and scattering coefficients of three waters
In step S102, in order to optimize the random number generation part and reduce the random generation repetition rate, the invention selects the philiox _4x32_10 generator, and generates the random number by calling according to the integration of the philiox _4x32_10 function in the C language function library.
Specifically, the dimension and the size of a kernel function grid, a block and a thread are determined by using a CPU (Central processing Unit) end, a corresponding number of sub-threads are opened up through a structure dim3 threads () based on the GPU model, and a computing task is distributed to each sub-thread. And the process is based on the GPU, so that mutual transmission of main memory data in the CPU and a GPU video memory part can be realized, and the parallel part of kernel functions can be called.
In one embodiment, step S102 further comprises the steps of: and (3) predefining a function at a GPU end to generate random numbers in a range of 0 to 1, and storing the random numbers for determining random azimuth angles, step lengths and scattering angles through a one-dimensional array.
Specifically, the generation process of the random number includes:
random seed// obtaining a Random seed number;
the initial state of caller allocation is set by subsequence and offset, ensuring different seeds to generate different initial states and different sequences;
kernel _ set _ random ()// passing through a kernel function, namely, a GPU terminal generates a random number;
clock _ for _ rand// because the pseudo-random number generator of the philiox _4x32_10 is iteratively calculated by a linear congruence method, the clock time is selected as the initial value of a seed in order to reduce the repeatability of the random number, and the repetition probability of the random number generation of each thread is reduced.
In step S103, the positive half axis of the Z axis is taken as the transmission direction of the photon, the exit position, that is, Z is 0, is characterized as the set of light source photons, and the absorption and scattering process of the photon under water is determined by calculating and assigning the azimuth angle, the scattering angle and the step length.
In step S104, the absorption scattering process of each photon is tracked in the seawater channel, the photon scattering trajectory calculation part with independent operation, high complexity and long operation time is arranged to the GPU side, and the steps of setting initial parameters, allocating threads, storing return data, sorting return data, addressing and merging return data are arranged to the CPU part for operation.
Specifically, referring to fig. 2 and 3, the origin position (0, 0, 0) may be determined as the photon release position, and the step of calculating the scattering trajectory of each photon by the GPU terminal may include the following steps S1041 to S1046 by setting the point as the photon emission position and moving the photon along the positive Z-axis to the receiving end position.
Step S1041: and calculating the random step length d of the photon, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
when photons enter a seawater channel, determining the transmission rule of the photons in the channel according to the absorption coefficient alpha and the scattering coefficient beta of the current water area, wherein the value of the absorption coefficient alpha is 0.1-3/m, the value of the scattering coefficient beta is 0.01-3/m, and the total attenuation coefficient c of the channel is alpha + beta; r is1The value range is the value range (0, 1) in step S1021 for the random number.
Step S1042: and determining the next transmission direction and position of the photon according to the random step size, the scattering angle and the azimuth angle.
Azimuth angle
The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein the azimuth angle
Is the included angle between the projection of the scattering direction of the photon on the XOY plane and the positive half axis of the X axis, r2The value range is the value range (0, 1) in step S1021 for the random number.
The scattering angle θ is calculated as:
wherein r is3Is a random number, and is a random number,the value range is the value range (0, 1) in step S1021. The scattering angle of photons of underwater wireless optical communication is determined by the HG function, which is expressed as follows
Where g is an asymmetry factor, i.e.: mean value of cosine of scattering angle
Let the next transmission direction of photons be
The specific calculation method is as follows:
let the next transmission position of photons be (x)i+1,yi+1,zi+1) The specific calculation method is as follows:
wherein (x)i,yi,zi) The last time photon collides with the last time photon is the coordinate when the photon does not reach the receiving end, if the photon is the first time collision, then (x)i,yi,zi) The initial position and the initial random scattering direction.
Step S1043: when the photon is scattered in the directionWhile changing, the weight W of the simultaneous photonsiWith the change, the temperature of the water is changed,
Wi+1＝Wi·Tsca；
wherein, Wi+1Weight of the photon after i +1 scatteringiIs the sum of the first i photon weight losses, TscaIs the single scattering rate of the seawater channel.
Step S1044: judging whether the photon reaches a receiving surface at the moment according to the current position of the photon, if not, repeating the steps S1041-S1043, if so, counting the position, time and weight parameters of the photon, and performing scattering collision on the next photon;
step S1045: and judging whether the photon is the last photon, counting the position, time and weight parameters of the photon if the photon is the last photon, and repeating the step S1044 if the photon is not the last photon.
In step S105, after the absorption and scattering of the last photon is finished, the GPU end returns the photon weight, the photon position X-axis coordinate, the photon position Y-axis coordinate, and the photon running time of the receiving position set for the text data such as the photon to the CPU end for processing through the cudammcmpydevicetoost.
In step S106, the fast sorting method is used to sort the receiving time, the X-axis coordinate of the receiving position, and the Y-axis coordinate of the receiving position of the photons in the returned data, and address the photons at the same time or at the same position by weight. According to the text data, the time of the photons reaching the receiving end is counted, the energy of the photons at the same time is accumulated to obtain a relation curve of the photon weight and the time, the positions of the photons reaching the receiving end are counted, and the energy of the photons at the same position is accumulated to obtain a relation curve of the photon weight and the positions.
And finally, releasing the main memory, exiting the parallel operation, ending and exiting the GPU.
In summary, according to the underwater wireless optical channel parallel simulation method based on the GPU provided by the invention, as shown in fig. 4, the high-speed operation of the program is realized by using a cooperative manner of the GPU and the CPU, and the returned data is stored in a text form.
Other embodiments of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the invention following, in general, the principles of the invention and including such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice within the art to which the invention pertains. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the invention being indicated by the following claims.
Claims (10)
1. An underwater wireless optical channel parallel simulation method based on a GPU is characterized by comprising the following steps:
setting optical characteristic parameters in underwater wireless optical communication;
the CPU end distributes the generation task of the random number to the GPU end, and the GPU end generates the random number meeting all preset photon operations;
determining the underwater absorption and scattering process of photons by calculating and assigning azimuth angles, scattering angles and step lengths;
tracking the absorption scattering process of each photon, and distributing the absorption scattering process of all photons to GPU (graphics processing unit) end operation;
after the absorption scattering process of all photons is finished, copying operation data generated by a GPU end to a CPU end, and storing text data;
and according to the text data, counting the time of the photons reaching the receiving end, accumulating the energy of the photons at the same time to obtain a relation curve of the photon weight and the time, counting the positions of the photons reaching the receiving end, and accumulating the energy of the photons at the same position to obtain a relation curve of the photon weight and the positions.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of allocating the task of generating the random number to the GPU side by the CPU side comprises:
and the CPU determines the dimensions and sizes of the blocks, the grids and the threads according to the program requirements and the model of the GPU, opens up a corresponding number of sub-threads and distributes the calculation tasks to the sub-threads.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of generating the random number satisfying all the predetermined photon operations at the GPU terminal comprises:
and (3) predefining a function at the GPU end to generate random numbers in a range of 0 to 1, and storing the random numbers for determining random azimuth angles, step lengths and scattering angles through a one-dimensional array.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of tracking the absorption scattering process for each photon and assigning the absorption scattering process for all photons to GPU side operations comprises:
calculating a random step size of the photon;
determining the next transmission direction and position of the photon according to the random step length, the scattering angle and the azimuth angle;
calculating the weight of the photon;
judging whether the photon reaches a receiving surface at the moment according to the current position of the photon, if not, repeating the steps, if so, counting the position, time and weight parameters of the photon, and performing scattering collision on the next photon;
and judging whether the photon is the last photon, counting the position, time and weight parameters of the photon if the photon is the last photon, and repeating the steps if the photon is not the last photon.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the positive half axis of Z is taken as the transmission direction of the photons, and Z-0 is characterized as the set of photons from the light source.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the random step size of the photons is calculated by:
wherein the value of the absorption coefficient alpha is 0.1-3/m, the value of the scattering coefficient beta is 0.01-3/m, and the total attenuation coefficient c of the channel is alpha + beta; r is1The value range is (0, 1) for random numbers, and d is the random step length.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the azimuth is calculated by:
wherein, the azimuth angle is the included angle between the projection of the scattering direction of the photon on the XOY plane and the positive half axis of the X axis, r2Is a random number, and the value range is (0, 1);
the scattering angle is calculated as follows:
wherein g is an asymmetry factor,
theta is the scattering angle.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the next transmission direction of the photons is
The specific calculation method is as follows:
the next transmission position of the photon is (x)i+1,yi+1,zi+1) The specific calculation method is as follows:
wherein (x)i,yi,zi) The last time photon collides with the last time photon is the coordinate when the photon does not reach the receiving end, if the photon is the first time collision, then (x)i,yi,zi) The initial position and the initial random scattering direction.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the weight of the photons is calculated by:
Wi+1＝Wi·Tsca；
wherein, Wi+1Weight of the photon after i +1 scatteringiIs the sum of the first i photon weight losses, TscaIs the single scattering rate of the water channel.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the optical characteristic parameters include absorption coefficient, scattering coefficient, and anisotropy factor.
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