CN113125290A - Thermal fatigue testing machine and testing method - Google Patents
Thermal fatigue testing machine and testing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113125290A CN113125290A CN202110333243.7A CN202110333243A CN113125290A CN 113125290 A CN113125290 A CN 113125290A CN 202110333243 A CN202110333243 A CN 202110333243A CN 113125290 A CN113125290 A CN 113125290A
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- 238000009661 fatigue test Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 122
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- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/60—Investigating resistance of materials, e.g. refractory materials, to rapid heat changes
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- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/32—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying repeated or pulsating forces
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- G01N2203/0073—Fatigue
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- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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Abstract
The invention discloses a thermal fatigue testing machine and a testing method, wherein the thermal fatigue testing machine is characterized by comprising a driving system, a heating system, a cooling system, a drying system, an observation system, a temperature detection system, a control system and a machine base. The driving system consists of a stepping motor, a rotating shaft, a workbench disc and a sample loading device; the heating system consists of an ultrasonic frequency inductor, a U-shaped induction coil, a circulating water tank and a submersible pump; the cooling system consists of a low-temperature constant-temperature tank, a water pump, a cooling tank, a conveying pipe and a nozzle; the drying system consists of a blower and an air collecting pipe; the observation system consists of a continuous zoom lens, an LED light source and a CCD; the temperature detection system comprises a sensor and a bracket; the control system comprises a switch, a touch screen, an industrial personal computer, a PLC and a test program. The thermal fatigue test comprises the steps of clamping a sample, setting parameters, starting an observation system, starting a cooling system, carrying out a test and stopping the machine. The invention can solve the problems of low precision, slow test speed, complex process and the like of the existing fatigue testing machine.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a thermal fatigue testing machine and a testing method, and belongs to the technical field of material testing.
Background
At present, with the development of manufacturing industry, the accident damage caused by large deformation or fracture is less and less in the material forming and material service process, the material failure caused by cumulative damage such as thermal fatigue is more and more common, and the thermal fatigue behavior of the material is widely concerned by academia and industry.
CN201611101570.5 invented a thermal fatigue experimental apparatus, which includes: the working frame comprises a laser fixing frame; the laser heating system is arranged on the laser fixing frame and used for heating the sample; the sample placing seat is positioned below the laser generator and comprises a clamping device for fixing a sample, wherein the clamping device comprises two clamping blocks which are oppositely arranged and a power device for driving the two clamping blocks to move relatively; the temperature measuring device is used for monitoring the temperature change of the sample in the experimental process in real time; the crack observation device is used for monitoring the state change of the surface of the sample in the experimental process through image equipment; a cooling device for reducing the temperature of the sample; and the control unit is used for controlling the experimental parameters of each part. However, the energy density of the laser is high, which may cause large damage to the sample; and lasers are expensive. The existing thermal fatigue test equipment also has the problems of complex operation, low precision, long period and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a thermal fatigue testing machine, a clamp of a sample does circular motion according to a certain program, a thermal fatigue test of a material is completed through the circulation of working procedures such as heating, cooling, drying, observation and the like, the testing process is controllable, the precision is high, the speed is high, and the operation is simple and convenient.
The invention discloses a thermal fatigue testing machine which is characterized by comprising a driving system (1), a heating system (2), a cooling system (3), a drying system (4), an observation system (5), a temperature detection system (6), a control system (7) and a machine base (8); the driving system comprises a stepping motor (1.1), a rotating shaft (1.2), a workbench disc (1.3) and a sample loading device (1.4); the heating system comprises an ultrasonic frequency inductor (2.1), a U-shaped induction coil (2.2), a circulating water tank (2.3) and a submersible pump (2.4); the cooling system comprises a low-temperature constant-temperature tank (3.1), a water pump (3.2), a cooling tank (3.3), a conveying pipe (3.4) and a nozzle (3.5); the drying system comprises a blower (4.1) and an air collecting pipe (4.2); the observation system comprises a continuous zoom lens (5.1), an LED auxiliary light source (5.2) and a CCD camera (5.3); the temperature detection system comprises 2 infrared temperature sensors (6.1) and a bracket (6.2); the control system comprises a power switch (7.1), a touch screen (7.2), an industrial personal computer (7.3), a PLC (7.4) and a fatigue test application program (7.5); all the components are assembled and fixed on the base (8) and can be adjusted according to the position.
The thermal fatigue testing machine of the present invention is further characterized in that:
(1) the front surface of one end of a sample loading device (1.4) in a driving system of the thermal fatigue testing machine is provided with two threaded holes for placing screws to be fixed with a workbench disc (1.3); the side surface of the other end is provided with X (X ≧ 1) cylindrical holes or square holes for loading a test sample (9), and the front surface is provided with Y (Y = X) threaded holes for placing screws for fastening the test sample; four groups of threaded holes (two in each group) are uniformly distributed on the circumference of the front surface of the workbench disc (1.3), the size of the threaded holes is matched with that of the sample loading device (1.4), and the threaded holes are used for mounting the sample loading device (1.4) on the workbench disc (1.3); the workbench disc (1.3) is connected with the rotating shaft (1.2) by a key pin; the rotating shaft (1.2) is connected with the stepping motor (1.1), and the stepping motor (1.1) is connected with and controlled by a PLC (7.4) in the control system (7);
(2) the central line of the opening of a U-shaped induction coil (2.2) in a heating system of the thermal fatigue testing machine is superposed with the central line of a sample, and the size of the U-shaped opening is 5-10 mm larger than the sample so as to ensure that the sample (9) can smoothly pass through the worktable disc (1.3) without interference when rotating and has high heating efficiency; the U-shaped induction coil (2.2) is connected with the ultrasonic frequency inductor (2.1), the submersible pump (2.4) is arranged in the circulating water tank (2.3) and is connected with the U-shaped induction coil (2.2), and circulating cooling water is introduced into the induction coil (2.2) during work; the ultrasonic frequency inductor (2.1) is connected with and controlled by a PLC (7.4) in the control system (7);
(3) the constant temperature range of a low-temperature constant-temperature tank (3.1) in a cooling system of the thermal fatigue testing machine is-40-100 ℃, a water pump (3.2) is adopted to pump out cooling liquid in the low-temperature constant-temperature tank (3.1) and the cooling liquid is vertically sprayed to the surface of a sample from top to bottom through a nozzle (3.5) to realize cooling; the cooling tank (3.3) is positioned right below the sample and higher than the low-temperature constant-temperature tank, and the cooling liquid is collected in the cooling tank (3.3) after cooling the sample and naturally flows back to the low-temperature constant-temperature tank (3.1) through the conveying pipe (3.4) for recycling; the low-temperature constant-temperature tank (3.1) is connected with and controlled by a PLC (7.4) in the control system (7);
(4) a blower (4.1) in a drying system of the thermal fatigue testing machine is connected with a wind gathering pipe (4.2), cold air is vertically blown to the surface of a sample from top to bottom through the wind gathering pipe (4.2) to realize drying, and the blower (4.1) is connected with and controlled by a PLC (7.4) in a control system (7);
(5) the magnification of a continuous zoom lens (5.1) in an observation system of the thermal fatigue testing machine is 0.7-4.5 times, an LED auxiliary light source (5.2) is composed of 18-56 LED lamps which are adjustable in brightness and annularly distributed below a lens (5.1), and a CCD camera (5.3) is provided with VGA, USB and HDMI interfaces and is connected with an industrial personal computer (7.3) in a control system; in the fatigue experiment process, the observation system is kept on, and the surface appearance of the sample is continuously recorded; the main power supply of the observation system is connected with and controlled by a PLC (7.4) in the control system (7);
(6) 2 infrared temperature measuring sensors (6.1) in a temperature detection system of the thermal fatigue testing machine are respectively positioned at the position of a U-shaped induction coil (2.2) of a heating system and the position of a cooling tank (3.3) of a cooling system, the temperature states in the heating process and the cooling process are respectively detected, the measuring range of the infrared temperature measuring sensors is-20-800 ℃, the response time is 150ms, the optical resolution is 20:1, and the infrared temperature measuring sensors are connected with and controlled by a PLC (7.4) in a control system (7);
(7) the control system (7) of the thermal fatigue testing machine comprises a power switch (7.1) for controlling each component, a PLC (7.4) is connected with an industrial personal computer (7.3) and is controlled by a fatigue testing application program (7.5) in the industrial personal computer, and the touch screen (7.2) displays the running state in the fatigue test, including the running speed, the sample heating temperature, the heat preservation time, the cooling temperature, the cooling time, the drying time and the running times.
The testing method of the thermal fatigue testing machine comprises the following steps:
(1) clamping a sample: loading a cuboid or cylindrical sample (9) into a sample loading device (1.4), screwing down a screw, and screwing the sample loading device (1.4) into a workbench disc (1.3) to be positioned at an observation position;
(2) setting fatigue experiment parameters: starting a power switch (7.1) in a control system (7), starting and logging into an industrial personal computer (7.3), operating a fatigue test application program (7.5) in a touch screen (7.2) in the control system (7) to set the running speed, the sample heating temperature, the heating time, the cooling temperature, the cooling time, the drying time, the observation residence time and the running frequency of a fatigue test, and starting and closing processes and sequences of four steps of heating, cooling, drying and observing to form a current fatigue test running program;
(3) starting an observation system: operating a fatigue test application program (7.5) in a touch screen (7.2) in a control system (7) to start an LED auxiliary light source (5.2) of an observation system (5), and adjusting a focal length to clearly observe the surface topography of a sample (9);
(4) starting a cooling system: operating a fatigue test application program (7.5) in a touch screen (7.2) in a control system (7) to start a low-temperature constant-temperature tank (3.1) in a cooling system (3), and enabling the low-temperature constant-temperature tank (3.1) to work and cooling liquid to reach a preset cooling temperature;
(5) carrying out a fatigue test: starting a set fatigue test operation program in a control system (7), and driving a workbench disc (1.3) to rotate 90 degrees clockwise by a stepping motor (1.1) so as to enable a sample (9) to rotate to a heating position from an observation position; the heating system (2) starts to operate according to a set fatigue test operation program, cooling water in the U-shaped induction coil (2.2) starts to circulate, the ultrasonic frequency inductor (2.1) is started according to a set program, and after the sample (9) reaches a set heating temperature or heating time, the stepping motor (1.1) drives the workbench disc (1.3) to rotate 90 degrees clockwise, so that the sample (9) rotates to a cooling position from a heating position, and the ultrasonic frequency inductor (2.1) is closed according to the set program; a water pump (3.2) in the cooling system (3) is started according to a set program, cooling water is sprayed out from a nozzle (3.3) to cool a sample, and after the sample (9) reaches a set cooling temperature or cooling time, a stepping motor (1.1) drives a workbench disc (1.3) to rotate 90 degrees clockwise, so that the sample rotates from a cooling position to a drying position; the method comprises the following steps that an air blower (4.1) in a drying system (4) starts to operate according to a set program, cold air is blown to a sample (9) from a condensation air pipe (4.2) and dries the sample, and after the sample (9) reaches preset drying time, a stepping motor (1.1) drives a workbench disc (1.3) to rotate 90 degrees clockwise so that the sample (9) rotates to an observation position from a drying position; the sample (9) stays at the observation position for a set observation time, and then a single thermal fatigue experiment is completed;
(6) and (3) continuously operating according to set fatigue test parameters, stopping the rotation of the stepping motor (1.1) after the set fatigue test times are reached, and taking down the sample (9) at the observation position to finish the thermal fatigue test.
In the testing method of the thermal fatigue testing machine of the present invention, in the fatigue test parameter setting step of step (2), the drying time is not less than 0s, and the observation residence time is not less than 0 s.
The invention has the advantages that: (1) the thermal fatigue experimental device is driven by a stepping motor, and compared with sample motion modes such as manual operation or chain transmission, the device can realize circular motion rather than simple linear motion; the operation speed is faster, and the reliability is high, through control workstation disc rotation angle, realizes the accurate control of fatigue test process. (2) The ultrasonic induction heating is adopted, so that the fatigue test sample can be rapidly heated; the adoption of the U-shaped coil can lead the circular motion of the sample to be smoothly carried out. (3) The constant temperature during cooling is ensured by adopting the low-temperature constant-temperature tank, and the fatigue test is more accurate. (4) A temperature control mode or a time control mode can be adopted in the running process of the fatigue test, namely the fatigue test is controlled according to the heating/cooling temperature or the heating/cooling time, and various fatigue test requirements can be met. (5) And a continuous zoom lens is adopted, the sample is observed in time, and the surface appearance evolution process of the fatigue sample can be recorded. In conclusion, the fatigue testing machine can solve the problems of low precision, low testing speed, complex process and the like of the conventional fatigue testing machine.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a top view of the overall layout of the fatigue tester structure of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an oblique view of the overall arrangement of the fatigue testing machine structure of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a driving system (1), an observation system (5), a machine base (8) and a sample (9) of the fatigue testing machine.
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a heating system (2) and a temperature detection system (6) of the fatigue testing machine of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing the structure of a cooling system (3) of the fatigue testing machine of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing the structure of a drive system drying system (4) and a control system (7) of the fatigue testing machine of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a sample loading mechanism (1.4) of the fatigue testing machine of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of an observation system (5) of the fatigue testing machine of the present invention.
Fig. 9 shows a schematic view of the observation system (6) and the U-shaped induction coil 2.2 of the fatigue testing machine of the invention.
Detailed Description
Example 1: a thermal fatigue testing machine comprises a driving system (1), a heating system (2), a cooling system (3), a drying system (4), an observation system (5), a temperature detection system (6), a control system (7) and a machine base (8). All the components are assembled and fixed on the base (8) and can be adjusted according to the position.
The driving system of the thermal fatigue testing machine comprises a stepping motor (1.1), a rotating shaft (1.2), a workbench disc (1.3) and a sample loading device (1.4); the front surface of one end of a sample loading device (1.4) in the driving system is provided with two threaded holes for placing screws to be fixed with a workbench disc (1.3); the side surface of the other end is provided with 2 cylindrical holes for loading a sample (9), and the front surface is provided with 2 threaded holes for placing screws to fasten the sample; four groups of threaded holes (two in each group) are uniformly distributed on the circumference of the front surface of the workbench disc (1.3), the size of the threaded holes is matched with that of the sample loading device (1.4), and the threaded holes are used for mounting the sample loading device (1.4) on the workbench disc (1.3); the workbench disc (1.3) is connected with the rotating shaft (1.2) by a key pin; the rotating shaft (1.2) is connected with the stepping motor (1.1), and the stepping motor (1.1) is connected with and controlled by a PLC (7.4) in the control system (7).
The heating system of the thermal fatigue testing machine comprises an ultrasonic frequency inductor (2.1), a U-shaped induction coil (2.2), a circulating water tank (2.3) and a submersible pump (2.4); the central line of the opening of a U-shaped induction coil (2.2) in the heating system is superposed with the central line of the sample, and the size of the U-shaped opening is 5mm larger than that of the sample so as to ensure that the sample (9) can smoothly pass through the worktable disc (1.3) without interference and has high heating efficiency; the U-shaped induction coil (2.2) is connected with the ultrasonic frequency inductor (2.1), the submersible pump (2.4) is arranged in the circulating water tank (2.3) and is connected with the U-shaped induction coil (2.2), and circulating cooling water is introduced into the induction coil (2.2) during work; the ultrasonic frequency inductor (2.1) is connected with and controlled by a PLC (7.4) in the control system (7).
The cooling system of the thermal fatigue testing machine comprises a low-temperature constant-temperature tank (3.1), a water pump (3.2), a cooling tank (3.3), a conveying pipe (3.4) and a nozzle (3.5); the constant temperature range of the low-temperature constant temperature tank (3.1) in the cooling system is-40-100 ℃, and cooling liquid in the low-temperature constant temperature tank (3.1) is pumped out by a water pump (3.2) and is vertically sprayed to the surface of the sample from top to bottom through a nozzle (3.5) to realize cooling; the cooling tank (3.3) is positioned right below the sample and higher than the low-temperature constant-temperature tank, and the cooling liquid is collected in the cooling tank (3.3) after cooling the sample and naturally flows back to the low-temperature constant-temperature tank (3.1) through the conveying pipe (3.4) for recycling; the low-temperature constant-temperature tank (3.1) is connected with and controlled by a PLC (7.4) in a control system (7).
The drying system of the thermal fatigue testing machine comprises a blower (4.1) and an air collecting pipe (4.2); a blower (4.1) in the drying system is connected with a wind gathering pipe (4.2), cold wind blows to the surface of the sample vertically from top to bottom through the wind gathering pipe (4.2) to realize drying, and the blower (4.1) is connected with and controlled by a PLC (7.4) in a control system (7).
An observation system of the thermal fatigue testing machine comprises a continuous zoom lens (5.1), an LED auxiliary light source (5.2) and a CCD camera (5.3); the magnification of a continuous zoom lens (5.1) in the observation system is 0.7-4.5 times, an LED auxiliary light source (5.2) consists of 36 LED lamps which have adjustable brightness and are annularly distributed below the lens (5.1), and a CCD camera (5.3) is provided with VGA, USB and HDMI interfaces and is connected with an industrial personal computer in the control system (7.3); in the fatigue experiment process, the observation system is kept on, and the surface appearance of the sample is continuously recorded; the main power supply of the observation system is connected with and controlled by a PLC (7.4) in the control system (7).
The temperature detection system of the fatigue testing machine comprises 2 infrared temperature sensors (6.1) and a bracket (6.2); 2 infrared temperature sensors (6.1) in the thermal temperature detection system are respectively positioned at the position of a U-shaped induction coil (2.2) of the heating system and the position of a cooling tank (3.3) of the cooling system, the temperature states in the heating process and the cooling process are respectively detected, the measuring range of the infrared temperature sensors is-20-800 ℃, the response time is 150ms, the optical resolution is 20:1, and the infrared temperature sensors are connected with and controlled by a PLC (7.4) in the control system (7).
The control system of the thermal fatigue testing machine comprises a power switch (7.1), a touch screen (7.2), an industrial personal computer (7.3), a PLC (7.4) and a fatigue testing application program (7.5); the control system (7) comprises a power switch (7.1) for controlling each component, the PLC (7.4) is connected with the industrial personal computer (7.3) and is controlled by a fatigue test application program (7.5) in the industrial personal computer, and the touch screen (7.2) displays the running state in the fatigue test, including the running speed, the sample heating temperature, the heat preservation time, the cooling temperature, the cooling time, the drying time and the running times.
The thermal fatigue test comprises the following steps:
(1) clamping a sample: the cylindrical sample (9) is loaded into the sample loading device (1.4), and the screws are tightened to screw the sample loading device (1.4) into the table disk (1.3) and bring it into the observation position.
(2) Setting fatigue experiment parameters: starting a power switch (7.1) in a control system (7), starting and logging into an industrial personal computer (7.3), operating a fatigue test application program (7.5) in a touch screen (7.2) in the control system (7) to set the running speed, the sample heating temperature, the heating time, the cooling temperature, the cooling time, the drying time, the observation residence time and the running frequency of a fatigue test, and starting and closing processes and sequences of four steps of heating, cooling, drying and observing to form a current fatigue test running program; where the drying time was 5s and the residence time was observed to be 6 s.
(3) Starting an observation system: operating a fatigue test application program (7.5) in a touch screen (7.2) in a control system (7) to start an LED auxiliary light source (5.2) of the observation system (5), and adjusting the focal length to clearly observe the surface topography of the sample (9).
(4) Starting a cooling system: operating a fatigue test application program (7.5) in a touch screen (7.2) in a control system (7) to start a low-temperature constant-temperature tank (3.1) in a cooling system (3), and enabling the low-temperature constant-temperature tank (3.1) to work and the cooling liquid to reach a preset cooling temperature.
(5) Carrying out a fatigue test: starting a set fatigue test operation program in a control system (7), and driving a workbench disc (1.3) to rotate 90 degrees clockwise by a stepping motor (1.1) so as to enable a sample (9) to rotate to a heating position from an observation position; the heating system (2) starts to operate according to a set fatigue test operation program, cooling water in the U-shaped induction coil (2.2) starts to circulate, the ultrasonic frequency inductor (2.1) is started according to a set program, and after the sample (9) reaches a set heating temperature or heating time, the stepping motor (1.1) drives the workbench disc (1.3) to rotate 90 degrees clockwise, so that the sample (9) rotates to a cooling position from a heating position, and the ultrasonic frequency inductor (2.1) is closed according to the set program; a water pump (3.2) in the cooling system (3) is started according to a set program, cooling water is sprayed out from a nozzle (3.3) to cool a sample, and after the sample (9) reaches a set cooling temperature or cooling time, a stepping motor (1.1) drives a workbench disc (1.3) to rotate 90 degrees clockwise, so that the sample rotates from a cooling position to a drying position; the method comprises the following steps that an air blower (4.1) in a drying system (4) starts to operate according to a set program, cold air is blown to a sample (9) from a condensation air pipe (4.2) and dries the sample, and after the sample (9) reaches preset drying time, a stepping motor (1.1) drives a workbench disc (1.3) to rotate 90 degrees clockwise so that the sample (9) rotates to an observation position from a drying position; and the sample (9) stays at the observation position for a set observation time, so that the single thermal fatigue experiment is completed.
(6) And (3) continuously operating according to set fatigue test parameters, stopping the rotation of the stepping motor (1.1) after the set fatigue test times are reached, and taking down the sample (9) at the observation position to finish the thermal fatigue test.
Example 2: a thermal fatigue testing machine comprises a driving system (1), a heating system (2), a cooling system (3), a drying system (4), an observation system (5), a temperature detection system (6), a control system (7) and a machine base (8). All the components are assembled and fixed on the base (8) and can be adjusted according to the position.
The driving system of the thermal fatigue testing machine comprises a stepping motor (1.1), a rotating shaft (1.2), a workbench disc (1.3) and a sample loading device (1.4); the front surface of one end of a sample loading device (1.4) in the driving system is provided with two threaded holes for placing screws to be fixed with a workbench disc (1.3); the side surface of the other end is provided with 3 square holes for loading a sample (9), and the front surface is provided with 3 threaded holes for placing screws to fasten the sample; four groups of threaded holes (two in each group) are uniformly distributed on the circumference of the front surface of the workbench disc (1.3), the size of the threaded holes is matched with that of the sample loading device (1.4), and the threaded holes are used for mounting the sample loading device (1.4) on the workbench disc (1.3); the workbench disc (1.3) is connected with the rotating shaft (1.2) by a key pin; the rotating shaft (1.2) is connected with the stepping motor (1.1), and the stepping motor (1.1) is connected with and controlled by a PLC (7.4) in the control system (7).
The heating system of the thermal fatigue testing machine comprises an ultrasonic frequency inductor (2.1), a U-shaped induction coil (2.2), a circulating water tank (2.3) and a submersible pump (2.4); the central line of the opening of a U-shaped induction coil (2.2) in the heating system is superposed with the central line of the sample, and the size of the U-shaped opening is 10mm larger than that of the sample so as to ensure that the sample (9) can smoothly pass through the worktable disc (1.3) without interference and has high heating efficiency; the U-shaped induction coil (2.2) is connected with the ultrasonic frequency inductor (2.1), the submersible pump (2.4) is arranged in the circulating water tank (2.3) and is connected with the U-shaped induction coil (2.2), and circulating cooling water is introduced into the induction coil (2.2) during work; the ultrasonic frequency inductor (2.1) is connected with and controlled by a PLC (7.4) in the control system (7).
The cooling system of the thermal fatigue testing machine comprises a low-temperature constant-temperature tank (3.1), a water pump (3.2), a cooling tank (3.3), a conveying pipe (3.4) and a nozzle (3.5); the constant temperature range of the low-temperature constant temperature tank (3.1) in the cooling system is-40-100 ℃, and cooling liquid in the low-temperature constant temperature tank (3.1) is pumped out by a water pump (3.2) and is vertically sprayed to the surface of the sample from top to bottom through a nozzle (3.5) to realize cooling; the cooling tank (3.3) is positioned right below the sample and higher than the low-temperature constant-temperature tank, and the cooling liquid is collected in the cooling tank (3.3) after cooling the sample and naturally flows back to the low-temperature constant-temperature tank (3.1) through the conveying pipe (3.4) for recycling; the low-temperature constant-temperature tank (3.1) is connected with and controlled by a PLC (7.4) in a control system (7).
The drying system of the thermal fatigue testing machine comprises a blower (4.1) and an air collecting pipe (4.2); a blower (4.1) in the drying system is connected with a wind gathering pipe (4.2), cold wind blows to the surface of the sample vertically from top to bottom through the wind gathering pipe (4.2) to realize drying, and the blower (4.1) is connected with and controlled by a PLC (7.4) in a control system (7).
An observation system of the thermal fatigue testing machine comprises a continuous zoom lens (5.1), an LED auxiliary light source (5.2) and a CCD camera (5.3); the magnification of a continuous zoom lens (5.1) in the observation system is 0.7-4.5 times, an LED auxiliary light source (5.2) consists of 36 LED lamps which have adjustable brightness and are annularly distributed below the lens (5.1), and a CCD camera (5.3) is provided with VGA, USB and HDMI interfaces and is connected with an industrial personal computer in the control system (7.3); in the fatigue experiment process, the observation system is kept on, and the surface appearance of the sample is continuously recorded; the main power supply of the observation system is connected with and controlled by a PLC (7.4) in the control system (7).
The temperature detection system of the fatigue testing machine comprises 2 infrared temperature sensors (6.1) and a bracket (6.2); 2 infrared temperature sensors (6.1) in the thermal temperature detection system are respectively positioned at the position of a U-shaped induction coil (2.2) of the heating system and the position of a cooling tank (3.3) of the cooling system, the temperature states in the heating process and the cooling process are respectively detected, the measuring range of the infrared temperature sensors is-20-800 ℃, the response time is 150ms, the optical resolution is 20:1, and the infrared temperature sensors are connected with and controlled by a PLC (7.4) in the control system (7).
The control system of the thermal fatigue testing machine comprises a power switch (7.1), a touch screen (7.2), an industrial personal computer (7.3), a PLC (7.4) and a fatigue testing application program (7.5); the control system (7) comprises a power switch (7.1) for controlling each component, the PLC (7.4) is connected with the industrial personal computer (7.3) and is controlled by a fatigue test application program (7.5) in the industrial personal computer, and the touch screen (7.2) displays the running state in the fatigue test, including the running speed, the sample heating temperature, the heat preservation time, the cooling temperature, the cooling time, the drying time and the running times.
The thermal fatigue test comprises the following steps:
(1) clamping a sample: a rectangular parallelepiped sample (9) is loaded into a sample loading device (1.4), and screws are tightened to screw the sample loading device (1.4) into a table disk (1.3) and bring it into an observation position.
(2) Setting fatigue experiment parameters: starting a power switch (7.1) in a control system (7), starting and logging into an industrial personal computer (7.3), operating a fatigue test application program (7.5) in a touch screen (7.2) in the control system (7) to set the running speed, the sample heating temperature, the heating time, the cooling temperature, the cooling time, the drying time, the observation residence time and the running frequency of a fatigue test, and starting and closing processes and sequences of four steps of heating, cooling, drying and observing to form a current fatigue test running program; where the drying time was 7s and the residence time was observed to be 8 s.
(3) Starting an observation system: operating a fatigue test application program (7.5) in a touch screen (7.2) in a control system (7) to start an LED auxiliary light source (5.2) of the observation system (5), and adjusting the focal length to clearly observe the surface topography of the sample (9).
(4) Starting a cooling system: operating a fatigue test application program (7.5) in a touch screen (7.2) in a control system (7) to start a low-temperature constant-temperature tank (3.1) in a cooling system (3), and enabling the low-temperature constant-temperature tank (3.1) to work and the cooling liquid to reach a preset cooling temperature.
(5) Carrying out a fatigue test: starting a set fatigue test operation program in a control system (7), and driving a workbench disc (1.3) to rotate 90 degrees clockwise by a stepping motor (1.1) so as to enable a sample (9) to rotate to a heating position from an observation position; the heating system (2) starts to operate according to a set fatigue test operation program, cooling water in the U-shaped induction coil (2.2) starts to circulate, the ultrasonic frequency inductor (2.1) is started according to a set program, and after the sample (9) reaches a set heating temperature or heating time, the stepping motor (1.1) drives the workbench disc (1.3) to rotate 90 degrees clockwise, so that the sample (9) rotates to a cooling position from a heating position, and the ultrasonic frequency inductor (2.1) is closed according to the set program; a water pump (3.2) in the cooling system (3) is started according to a set program, cooling water is sprayed out from a nozzle (3.3) to cool a sample, and after the sample (9) reaches a set cooling temperature or cooling time, a stepping motor (1.1) drives a workbench disc (1.3) to rotate 90 degrees clockwise, so that the sample rotates from a cooling position to a drying position; the method comprises the following steps that an air blower (4.1) in a drying system (4) starts to operate according to a set program, cold air is blown to a sample (9) from a condensation air pipe (4.2) and dries the sample, and after the sample (9) reaches preset drying time, a stepping motor (1.1) drives a workbench disc (1.3) to rotate 90 degrees clockwise so that the sample (9) rotates to an observation position from a drying position; and the sample (9) stays at the observation position for a set observation time, so that the single thermal fatigue experiment is completed.
(6) And (3) continuously operating according to set fatigue test parameters, stopping the rotation of the stepping motor (1.1) after the set fatigue test times are reached, and taking down the sample (9) at the observation position to finish the thermal fatigue test.
Claims (4)
1. A thermal fatigue testing machine is characterized by comprising a driving system (1), a heating system (2), a cooling system (3), a drying system (4), an observation system (5), a temperature detection system (6), a control system (7) and a machine base (8); the driving system comprises a stepping motor (1.1), a rotating shaft (1.2), a workbench disc (1.3) and a sample loading device (1.4); the heating system comprises an ultrasonic frequency inductor (2.1), a U-shaped induction coil (2.2), a circulating water tank (2.3) and a submersible pump (2.4); the cooling system comprises a low-temperature constant-temperature tank (3.1), a water pump (3.2), a cooling tank (3.3), a conveying pipe (3.4) and a nozzle (3.5); the drying system comprises a blower (4.1) and an air collecting pipe (4.2); the observation system comprises a continuous zoom lens (5.1), an LED auxiliary light source (5.2) and a CCD camera (5.3); the temperature detection system comprises 2 infrared temperature sensors (6.1) and a bracket (6.2); the control system comprises a power switch (7.1), a touch screen (7.2), an industrial personal computer (7.3), a PLC (7.4) and a fatigue test application program (7.5); all the components are assembled and fixed on the base (8) and can be adjusted according to the position.
2. The thermal fatigue tester of claim 1, further characterized by:
(1) the front surface of one end of a sample loading device (1.4) in a driving system of the thermal fatigue testing machine is provided with two threaded holes for placing screws to be fixed with a workbench disc (1.3); the side surface of the other end is provided with X (X ≧ 1) cylindrical holes or square holes for loading a test sample (9), and the front surface is provided with Y (Y = X) threaded holes for placing screws for fastening the test sample; four groups of threaded holes (two in each group) are uniformly distributed on the circumference of the front surface of the workbench disc (1.3), the size of the threaded holes is matched with that of the sample loading device (1.4), and the threaded holes are used for mounting the sample loading device (1.4) on the workbench disc (1.3); the workbench disc (1.3) is connected with the rotating shaft (1.2) by a key pin; the rotating shaft (1.2) is connected with the stepping motor (1.1), and the stepping motor (1.1) is connected with and controlled by a PLC (7.4) in the control system (7);
(2) the central line of the opening of a U-shaped induction coil (2.2) in a heating system of the thermal fatigue testing machine is superposed with the central line of a sample, and the size of the U-shaped opening is 5-10 mm larger than the sample so as to ensure that the sample (9) can smoothly pass through the worktable disc (1.3) without interference when rotating and has high heating efficiency; the U-shaped induction coil (2.2) is connected with the ultrasonic frequency inductor (2.1), the submersible pump (2.4) is arranged in the circulating water tank (2.3) and is connected with the U-shaped induction coil (2.2), and circulating cooling water is introduced into the induction coil (2.2) during work; the ultrasonic frequency inductor (2.1) is connected with and controlled by a PLC (7.4) in the control system (7);
(3) the constant temperature range of a low-temperature constant-temperature tank (3.1) in a cooling system of the thermal fatigue testing machine is-40-100 ℃, a water pump (3.2) is adopted to pump out cooling liquid in the low-temperature constant-temperature tank (3.1) and the cooling liquid is vertically sprayed to the surface of a sample from top to bottom through a nozzle (3.5) to realize cooling; the cooling tank (3.3) is positioned right below the sample and higher than the low-temperature constant-temperature tank, and the cooling liquid is collected in the cooling tank (3.3) after cooling the sample and naturally flows back to the low-temperature constant-temperature tank (3.1) through the conveying pipe (3.4) for recycling; the low-temperature constant-temperature tank (3.1) is connected with and controlled by a PLC (7.4) in the control system (7);
(4) a blower (4.1) in a drying system of the thermal fatigue testing machine is connected with a wind gathering pipe (4.2), cold air is vertically blown to the surface of a sample from top to bottom through the wind gathering pipe (4.2) to realize drying, and the blower (4.1) is connected with and controlled by a PLC (7.4) in a control system (7);
(5) the magnification of a continuous zoom lens (5.1) in an observation system of the thermal fatigue testing machine is 0.7-4.5 times, an LED auxiliary light source (5.2) is composed of 18-56 LED lamps which are adjustable in brightness and annularly distributed below a lens (5.1), and a CCD camera (5.3) is provided with VGA, USB and HDMI interfaces and is connected with an industrial personal computer (7.3) in a control system; in the fatigue experiment process, the observation system is kept on, and the surface appearance of the sample is continuously recorded; the main power supply of the observation system is connected with and controlled by a PLC (7.4) in the control system (7);
(6) 2 infrared temperature measuring sensors (6.1) in a temperature detection system of the thermal fatigue testing machine are respectively positioned at the position of a U-shaped induction coil (2.2) of a heating system and the position of a cooling tank (3.3) of a cooling system, the temperature states in the heating process and the cooling process are respectively detected, the measuring range of the infrared temperature measuring sensors is-20-800 ℃, the response time is 150ms, the optical resolution is 20:1, and the infrared temperature measuring sensors are connected with and controlled by a PLC (7.4) in a control system (7);
(7) the control system (7) of the thermal fatigue testing machine comprises a power switch (7.1) for controlling each component, a PLC (7.4) is connected with an industrial personal computer (7.3) and is controlled by a fatigue testing application program (7.5) in the industrial personal computer, and the touch screen (7.2) displays the running state in the fatigue test, including the running speed, the sample heating temperature, the heat preservation time, the cooling temperature, the cooling time, the drying time and the running times.
3. A test method of a thermal fatigue tester is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) clamping a sample: loading a cuboid or cylindrical sample (9) into a sample loading device (1.4), screwing down a screw, and screwing the sample loading device (1.4) into a workbench disc (1.3) to be positioned at an observation position;
(2) setting fatigue experiment parameters: starting a power switch (7.1) in a control system (7), starting and logging into an industrial personal computer (7.3), operating a fatigue test application program (7.5) in a touch screen (7.2) in the control system (7) to set the running speed, the sample heating temperature, the heating time, the cooling temperature, the cooling time, the drying time, the observation residence time and the running frequency of a fatigue test, and starting and closing processes and sequences of four steps of heating, cooling, drying and observing to form a current fatigue test running program;
(3) starting an observation system: operating a fatigue test application program (7.5) in a touch screen (7.2) in a control system (7) to start an LED auxiliary light source (5.2) of an observation system (5), and adjusting a focal length to clearly observe the surface topography of a sample (9);
(4) starting a cooling system: operating a fatigue test application program (7.5) in a touch screen (7.2) in a control system (7) to start a low-temperature constant-temperature tank (3.1) in a cooling system (3), and enabling the low-temperature constant-temperature tank (3.1) to work and cooling liquid to reach a preset cooling temperature;
(5) carrying out a fatigue test: starting a set fatigue test operation program in a control system (7), and driving a workbench disc (1.3) to rotate 90 degrees clockwise by a stepping motor (1.1) so as to enable a sample (9) to rotate to a heating position from an observation position; the heating system (2) starts to operate according to a set fatigue test operation program, cooling water in the U-shaped induction coil (2.2) starts to circulate, the ultrasonic frequency inductor (2.1) is started according to a set program, and after the sample (9) reaches a set heating temperature or heating time, the stepping motor (1.1) drives the workbench disc (1.3) to rotate 90 degrees clockwise, so that the sample (9) rotates to a cooling position from a heating position, and the ultrasonic frequency inductor (2.1) is closed according to the set program; a water pump (3.2) in the cooling system (3) is started according to a set program, cooling water is sprayed out from a nozzle (3.3) to cool a sample, and after the sample (9) reaches a set cooling temperature or cooling time, a stepping motor (1.1) drives a workbench disc (1.3) to rotate 90 degrees clockwise, so that the sample rotates from a cooling position to a drying position; the method comprises the following steps that an air blower (4.1) in a drying system (4) starts to operate according to a set program, cold air is blown to a sample (9) from a condensation air pipe (4.2) and dries the sample, and after the sample (9) reaches preset drying time, a stepping motor (1.1) drives a workbench disc (1.3) to rotate 90 degrees clockwise so that the sample (9) rotates to an observation position from a drying position; the sample (9) stays at the observation position for a set observation time, and then a single thermal fatigue experiment is completed;
(6) and (3) continuously operating according to set fatigue test parameters, stopping the rotation of the stepping motor (1.1) after the set fatigue test times are reached, and taking down the sample (9) at the observation position to finish the thermal fatigue test.
4. The method of testing a thermal fatigue testing machine according to claim 3, wherein in the fatigue test parameter setting step of step (2), the drying time is not less than 0s, and the observation residence time is not less than 0 s.
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