Condensation method oil gas recovery method and device
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of environmental protection and energy conservation, and relates to an oil gas recovery processing device, in particular to a recovery processing device for volatile oil gas of oil products or chemicals such as gasoline, naphtha, crude oil, aviation kerosene, aromatic hydrocarbon, alcohol, aldehyde, ketone, ether and the like.
Background
During storage and transportation of oil and chemicals, large amounts of oil and gas or Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) are lost. According to statistics, the oil loss caused by the loss of light oil products accounts for about 0.5 percent of the light oil products each year, on one hand, a large amount of oil gas or volatile organic compounds are wasted, the economic benefit of enterprises is reduced, and on the other hand, serious environmental pollution is caused. In addition, as the oil gas and the air are easy to form an explosive mixture (the lower explosion limit is generally 1% -6%), the oil gas dissipation can cause the concentration of the oil gas around corresponding facilities to easily reach the explosion limit, and the oil gas gathered on the ground brings great potential safety hazards to enterprises and consumers, thereby endangering the safety production of the enterprises and directly influencing the health of operators and surrounding environment personnel. Therefore, it is necessary to recover the dissipated oil gas.
The traditional oil gas recovery treatment mode has three kinds: firstly, the fuel is directly used as fuel; oil gas is returned to the oil tank gas-liquid balance system, so that the oil gas partial pressure is increased, and the evaporation loss of oil products is reduced; thirdly, recovery devices and technologies are adopted, such as a condensation method, an absorption method, an adsorption method, a combined process thereof and the like.
WO9604978 adopts active carbon as adsorbent, uses two-tower alternate regeneration-adsorption process, vacuum pump pressure swing desorption, and desorbed gas is condensed and recovered by condenser. When the active carbon adsorbs oil gas components, the adsorption heat release enables the temperature of an active carbon bed layer to be greatly increased, and particularly when the oil gas concentration is high, the active carbon bed layer is easy to generate a local overheating phenomenon, so that the service life of the adsorbent is shortened, and potential safety hazards exist in the operation process. In addition, when the oil gas contains more high-boiling-point organic matters, the organic matters are easily adsorbed by activated carbon, but are difficult to desorb through vacuum pumping, which can remarkably reduce the service life of the adsorbent.
CN1494454A discloses a device for recovering organic matters by an activated carbon adsorption method, after adsorption is stopped, organic components are desorbed and adsorbed by steam, and then the organic components enter a condenser for condensation to recover condensed oil and condensed water; the steam thermal desorption efficiency is high, but the energy consumption is large, and the regenerated active carbon also needs to be cooled and cleaned, thereby increasing the operation cost of the device. CN1522785A discloses an oil gas recovery method, which compresses, cools and adsorbs oil gas under a pressurized condition, and has the disadvantages of high energy consumption and difficulty in stable operation of a compressor when the oil gas amount to be treated is unstable, especially when the oil gas amount fluctuates greatly.
CN101342427A discloses a method for recovering oil gas by a condensation-adsorption combined process, wherein oil gas is cooled and condensed to realize condensation and separation of part of oil gas components, uncondensed oil gas is recovered by adsorption-pressure swing desorption, adsorption tail gas reaches the standard and is discharged, and the desorbed oil gas returns to a cooling device to be mixed with collected oil gas and enters a condenser. The recommended oil gas condensation temperature is-80-30 ℃, and the optimal temperature is-70-40 ℃. Oil gas components are recovered mainly by means of condensation and liquefaction, the condensation temperature is low, crystallization occurs in a condenser, and crystallization and condensation oil of water need to be removed periodically, so that two series of condensers are required to be switched for use; the total energy consumption of the device is larger, and the failure rate of the refrigeration equipment is higher. In addition, crystallization also occurs in the subsequent adsorption tanks, significantly reducing the service life of the adsorbent.
At present, a condensation method is mainly adopted to recover oil gas in oil product loading exhaust, the condensation temperature is-35 ℃ and-75 ℃, but the following problems mainly exist in the operation process of an oil gas treatment device adopting the condensation method: (1) The condensation system has serious frosting, and the ice blockage phenomenon exists at a switching valve or a pipeline for condensation and defrosting, so that the condensation system is difficult to stably operate; (2) In the defrosting process, hot gas defrosting is adopted, for example, hot nitrogen or refrigerant hot steam is adopted, and the refrigeration load of a condensing unit is increased by adopting hot nitrogen defrosting, so that the condensing energy consumption is increased; the defrosting is carried out by adopting the refrigerant and the hot steam, so that the stable operation of a refrigerating system is caused, the configuration of the refrigerating system is increased, and the operating power of a unit is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the oil gas recovery device by the condensation method in the prior art, the invention provides the oil gas recovery device by the condensation method. The device does not have the ice jam problem of system, and the device operation process has advantages such as reliable and stable, equipment are simple, safe energy-conservation.
The invention provides a condensation method oil gas recovery method in a first aspect.
A condensation method oil gas recovery method comprises the following steps:
(1) Providing a group of deep coolers, wherein each group is provided with two A/C deep coolers, and providing a pre-condenser B, an oil storage tank and a water storage tank;
(2) When the deep cooler A needs defrosting, shallow cold secondary refrigerant is introduced into the shell pass of the deep cooler A, and oil gas to be treated passes through the tube pass of the deep cooler A to obtain liquid water which enters a water storage tank;
(3) The oil gas after flowing through the deep cooler A enters a pipe pass of a pre-condenser B, and the oil gas is pre-cooled to 4-8 ℃ in the pre-condenser B by a shallow cold secondary refrigerant;
(4) Gas-liquid separation is carried out on the precooled oil gas, the obtained liquid water enters a water storage tank, and the separated gas enters a pipe pass C of the deep cooler; cooling the oil gas in a deep cooler C to-35-75 ℃ by using a deep cooling secondary refrigerant to realize oil gas condensation; carrying out gas-liquid separation on the condensed oil gas, enabling the condensate to enter an oil storage tank, and enabling the purified gas to enter the next processing unit for processing;
(5) When the deep cooler C needs defrosting, the shell pass medium of the deep cooler C is switched from deep cold secondary refrigerant to shallow cold secondary refrigerant, and the shell pass medium of the deep cooler A is switched from shallow cold secondary refrigerant to deep cold secondary refrigerant; switching oil gas to be treated to enter a tube pass of a chiller C, precooling the oil gas to be treated in the chiller C, and defrosting the chiller C at the same time;
(6) And liquid water obtained by defrosting the chiller C enters a water storage tank, and precooled gas flows through the precooler B and the chiller A in sequence to realize dehydration and oil gas recovery.
Further, the operating temperature of the shallow cold secondary refrigerant is 1-5 ℃; the operation temperature of the deep cooling refrigerating medium is-35 ℃ to-75 ℃.
Further, the oil gas precooled in the step (3) is subjected to gas-liquid separation in oil-gas separation spaces at two ends of a precondenser B.
In the method of the present invention, the refrigeration technology, the gas-liquid separation technology, and the like are well known to those skilled in the art.
In the invention, the shallow cold secondary refrigerant is used as a defrosting medium of the deep cooler A/C, and the cold energy in the heat exchanger is recovered while precooling the oil gas.
The invention provides a condensation method oil gas recovery device, which comprises a pre-condenser B, a deep cooler A/C, an oil storage tank, a water storage tank and the like; the tube side of the deep cooler A/C and the pre-condenser B is an oil-gas stroke, and the shell side is a secondary refrigerant stroke;
the gas interfaces at the two ends of the pre-condenser B are respectively connected with the gas interface at one end of the chiller A/C, and the gas interface at the other end of the chiller A/C is simultaneously communicated with an oil gas pipeline to be processed and a purified gas pipeline;
gas condensate outlets at two ends of the pre-condenser B are connected with inlets of the water storage tank;
gas condensate oil outlets at the other end of the deep cooler A/C which is not connected with the pre-condenser B are communicated with inlets of the oil storage tanks;
shell pass secondary refrigerant interfaces of the deep coolers A/C close to the two ends of the pre-condenser B are communicated with a shallow cold secondary refrigerant inlet pipe and a deep cold secondary refrigerant inlet pipe; the shell pass secondary refrigerant interface at the other end of the deep cooler A/C is communicated with both the shallow cold secondary refrigerant outlet pipe and the deep cold secondary refrigerant outlet pipe;
and one end of the shell pass of the pre-condenser B is communicated with the shallow cold secondary refrigerant inlet pipe, and the other end of the shell pass of the pre-condenser B is communicated with the shallow cold secondary refrigerant outlet pipe.
Furthermore, the pre-condenser B can adopt a single-shell-pass or double-shell-pass shell-and-tube heat exchanger, a plate heat exchanger, preferably a single-shell-pass or double-shell-pass heat exchanger; the A/C of the deep cooler adopts a single-tube-pass tubular heat exchanger. The heat exchangers are preferably horizontal.
Furthermore, end pipe boxes at two ends of the tube pass of the pre-condenser B are respectively shared with the end pipe box at one end of the tube pass of the deep cooler A/C. Furthermore, the pre-condenser B and the deep cooler A/C adopt an integrated structure. One typical integrated structure is: the pre-condenser B is of a horizontal U-shaped structure, and a tube pass end pipe box at one end of the deep cooler A, C is respectively communicated with the tube pass end pipe boxes at two ends of the pre-condenser B and shares the same.
Further, the other end gas interface of the deep cooler A/C is communicated with the oil gas pipeline to be treated and the purified gas pipeline at the same time. And each connecting pipeline is provided with a switching valve for the oil gas to be treated and the purified gas to enter and exit the chiller A/C, and the setting of the valve is well known by the technical personnel in the field.
Compared with the prior art, the oil gas recovery method and the oil gas recovery device by the condensation method have the following advantages:
1. in the method for recovering the oil gas by the condensation method, the oil gas to be treated enters the deep cooler in a switching manner, so that the continuous operation of the condensation method is realized, the shallow cold secondary refrigerant and the oil gas to be treated are used as defrosting media, the frosting cold energy is recovered, the energy consumption of the oil gas recovery device by the condensation method can be effectively reduced, and the energy consumption of the device can be reduced by more than 20%.
2. In the oil gas recovery device adopting the condensation method, the single pipe Cheng Woshi tubular heat exchanger is adopted as the deep cooler, the oil gas flows through the tube pass of the heat exchanger, and the defrosting liquid and the condensed liquid respectively enter the water storage tank and the oil storage tank along with the flowing direction of the gas, so that the problem of ice blockage of a condensation system is solved, and the running reliability of the device is improved.
3. In the oil gas recovery device by the condensation method, the oil gas to be treated is used as a defrosting medium, so that the oil gas condensation effect is improved, the heat exchange area of a pre-condenser can be reduced, and the device investment is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the oil-gas recovery method by condensation method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following examples further illustrate specific aspects of the present invention, but are not limited to the following examples.
The invention provides an oil gas recovery device by a condensation method. The device comprises a pre-condenser B, a deep cooler A/C, an oil storage tank 8, a water storage tank 7 and the like. Oil gas to be treated flows through the tube passes of the pre-condenser B and the deep cooler A/C; the secondary refrigerant flows through the shell sides of the pre-condenser B and the chiller A/C. And gas interfaces at two ends of the pre-condenser B are respectively connected with a gas interface at one end of the chiller A/C. And the other end gas interface of the condenser A/C which is not connected with the pre-condenser B is simultaneously communicated with the oil gas pipeline 1 to be processed and the purified gas pipeline 2. Gas condensate outlets at two ends of the pre-condenser B are connected to inlets of the water storage tank 7. And gas condensate oil outlets at the other ends of the deep coolers A/C which are not connected with the pre-condenser are communicated with inlets of the oil storage tanks 8. Shell pass secondary refrigerant interfaces of deep coolers A/C close to two ends of a pre-condenser B are communicated with a shallow cold secondary refrigerant inlet pipe 3 and a deep cold secondary refrigerant inlet pipe 4. And a secondary refrigerant interface at the other end of the A/C shell pass of the deep cooler is communicated with a shallow cold secondary refrigerant outlet pipe 5 and a deep cold secondary refrigerant outlet pipe 6. One end of the shell side of the pre-condenser B is communicated with a shallow cold secondary refrigerant inlet pipe 3, and the other end of the shell side of the pre-condenser B is communicated with a shallow cold secondary refrigerant outlet pipe 5.
In the oil gas recovery device by the condensation method, the pre-condenser B can adopt a single-shell-pass or double-shell-pass shell-and-tube heat exchanger or a plate heat exchanger; the A/C of the deep cooler adopts a single-tube-pass tubular heat exchanger. The heat exchanger adopts a horizontal structure.
With reference to fig. 1, the oil gas recovery method by condensation method of the present invention comprises the following steps:
the oil gas to be treated firstly enters a chiller A, flows through the chiller A and then enters a pre-condenser B. The oil gas is pre-cooled to 4-8 ℃ in the pre-condenser B by a shallow cold secondary refrigerant, and the pre-cooled oil gas is subjected to gas-liquid separation in oil-gas separation spaces of pipe boxes at two ends of the pre-condenser B. And the separated gas enters another chiller C, the oil gas is cooled to-35-75 ℃ in the chiller C by a cryogenic secondary refrigerant to realize oil gas condensation, the condensed oil gas enters a tube box at the tube pass end part of the chiller C to separate condensate, and the purified gas after gas-liquid separation enters the next processing unit for processing.
When the deep cooler C needs defrosting, switching oil gas to be treated to enter from the deep cooler C; meanwhile, the medium in the shell pass C of the deep cooler is switched from deep cooling secondary refrigerant to shallow cooling secondary refrigerant, the shallow cooling secondary refrigerant is used as a defrosting medium of the deep cooler, and meanwhile, the cold energy in the heat exchanger is recovered. And (3) pre-cooling the oil gas to be treated in the chiller C and defrosting the chiller C at the same time, wherein the defrosting liquid enters the water storage tank 7 along with the air flow, and the gas sequentially flows through the pre-condenser B and the chiller A to realize oil gas recovery. The pre-condenser B is cooled by adopting shallow cold secondary refrigerant, and the deep cooler A is condensed by adopting deep cold secondary refrigerant.
Example 1
In this embodiment, 500m of gasoline loading oil gas 3 The oil gas loaded on the truck is treated by the device, the pre-condenser and the deep cooler adopt a single-tube-pass tubular heat exchanger, the oil gas is pre-cooled to 5 ℃ to remove water and high-condensation-point organic matters, then the oil gas is deep-cooled to-75 ℃, the oil gas recovery rate can be 95 percent, and the energy consumption of the device can be reduced by 23 percent by adopting the switching operation of the two deep coolers.