CN113120983B - Method for finishing self-distillation purification by high-temperature water-separating waste heat of steam-injection boiler - Google Patents
Method for finishing self-distillation purification by high-temperature water-separating waste heat of steam-injection boiler Download PDFInfo
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- CN113120983B CN113120983B CN202110474377.0A CN202110474377A CN113120983B CN 113120983 B CN113120983 B CN 113120983B CN 202110474377 A CN202110474377 A CN 202110474377A CN 113120983 B CN113120983 B CN 113120983B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
- C02F1/048—Purification of waste water by evaporation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
- C02F1/043—Details
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
- C02F1/06—Flash evaporation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
- C02F1/16—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using waste heat from other processes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B3/00—Other methods of steam generation; Steam boilers not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- F22B3/04—Other methods of steam generation; Steam boilers not provided for in other groups of this subclass by drop in pressure of high-pressure hot water within pressure- reducing chambers, e.g. in accumulators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
- F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
- F22B37/26—Steam-separating arrangements
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2301/00—General aspects of water treatment
- C02F2301/08—Multistage treatments, e.g. repetition of the same process step under different conditions
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Abstract
The method for finishing distillation purification of the steam-injection boiler by using the waste heat of the high-temperature separated water adopts a flash evaporation and multiple-effect evaporation process, and uses the steam generated by flash evaporation of the high-temperature separated water as a heat source of a multiple-effect evaporation device to distill and purify the residual sewage after flash evaporation. The vacuum degree of the multi-effect evaporation device is condensed by the condensation effect of low-temperature water supply of the boiler, and the final effect steam is condensed, so that the system can work continuously. Meanwhile, the temperature of the mixed boiler feed water is increased, and partial waste heat is recycled to the boiler, so that the fuel consumption of the boiler is saved. The invention can make the waste heat in the boiler separated water be used for the distillation and purification of the sewage, and then be mostly recycled to the boiler water supply, thereby reducing the fuel cost of the boiler, simultaneously making the separated water with high salt content be distilled and purified into distilled water which is reused as the boiler water supply, and having environmental protection benefit.
Description
The technical field is as follows: the invention belongs to the technical field of oil field energy conservation and environmental protection, and belongs to a method for completing self-distillation purification by high-temperature water waste heat separation of a steam injection boiler.
The background art comprises the following steps: the steam injection boiler of oil field is the necessary equipment for heavy oil thermal recovery, and the once-through boiler is frequently used, and the dryness of the generated steam is generally lower than 80%. In many cases, in order to improve the heating quality of steam injected into a well, before the steam is injected into the well, a steam-water separator is used for separating steam from water to obtain steam with the dryness of more than 95%, and the separated water is discharged from a sewage discharge pipeline. Because the oil field steam injection boiler usually adopts a subcritical boiler, the temperature of wet steam can often reach 300-350 ℃, and therefore, sewage separated from the wet steam is highly superheated water. The high-temperature and high-pressure separated water also contains a large amount of K, na, fe and SiO 2 、OH — Ions, belonging to alkaline industrial sewage. Since these sewage have high temperature and high pressure and are polluting to the environment, they cannot be discharged directly to the environment. At present, there are many known treatment methods, for example, the treatment method may be performed by expanding and depressurizing in a boiler expansion tank, and discharging after cooling; or the high-pressure heat exchanger is adopted for temperature reduction and then is discharged; there are also cases where the injection is directly into a depleted well. These methods are difficult to make full use of the residual heat stored in the part of the separated water, and if the residual heat is directly discharged to the environment to cause environmental pollution or is conveyed to a water treatment plant for treatment, special construction is neededPipeline, and high water treatment cost.
The invention content is as follows:
the purpose of the invention is as follows: in order to make full use of the waste heat stored in the high-temperature separation water of the steam injection boiler in the oil field, the waste heat is used for completing the distillation and purification of the sewage, so that the waste heat is fully utilized, a large amount of distilled water can be obtained and is reused for supplying water to the steam injection boiler, the treatment cost is saved, and the treatment process is energy-saving and environment-friendly.
The technical content is as follows:
a method for finishing self-distillation purification by waste heat of high-temperature separated water of a steam injection boiler adopts a process flow of flash evaporation and multiple-effect evaporation, and working steam of the method completely utilizes flash evaporation steam generated by the high-temperature separated water;
the steam-water separator is connected with the flash tank, the flash tank is connected with the multiple-effect evaporation device, the last-effect separator of the multiple-effect evaporation device is connected with the water injection type vacuum pump, and the water injection type vacuum pump is connected with a water supply pipeline of the steam injection boiler.
After high-temperature wet steam generated by the oil field steam injection boiler is separated by a steam-water separator, part of the high-temperature wet steam forms dry steam, and oil well steam injection heating is carried out along a second pipeline; the other part of the high-temperature separated water with the temperature of 300-350 ℃ is formed, and enters a flash tank along a third pipeline for constant-pressure flash evaporation, the temperature of flash steam is controlled to be 110-130 ℃ by controlling the pressure of the flash tank, and the flash steam which is flashed at the constant pressure enters a multi-effect evaporation device to be used as multi-effect evaporation working steam;
the multiple-effect evaporation device has 2-6 effects, each effect comprises an evaporator and a separator connected with the tube pass, and the specific effect number is determined by the heat quality of high-temperature separated water.
Flash steam generated by the flash tank enters a shell pass of the first effect evaporator through a fourth pipeline, and sewage subjected to flash evaporation and temperature reduction is conveyed to a tube pass of the first effect evaporator through a fifth pipeline by the pressure of a water pump; after partial evaporation, sewage in the tube pass enters a first effect separator, secondary steam flowing out of the upper part of the first effect separator is guided into the shell pass of a next effect evaporator to be used as working steam, and water flowing out of the lower part of the first effect separator is guided to the tube pass of the first effect evaporator or the next effect evaporator by a water pump to be continuously evaporated; except for the final effect, the working principle of other effects is the same, and the effects work simultaneously until the evaporation capacity meets the requirement.
The steam outlet of the last effect separator is connected with a water injection type vacuum pump, and the inlet of the water injection type vacuum pump is introduced into the low-temperature steam injection boiler for supplying water through a sixth pipeline; the last effect steam is absorbed by water and condensed to form the vacuum degree required by the work of the multi-effect evaporation device; meanwhile, the heat of the last effect steam is absorbed by the low-temperature boiler water supply, so that the water temperature is increased, and the heat is recycled to the steam injection boiler water supply. The water jet type vacuum pump is also connected to the tube side of each effect evaporator through a pipeline, the working temperature of each effect evaporator can be set by adjusting the pressure or vacuum degree of each effect tube side, the temperature gradient between each effect of the multi-effect evaporation device is formed, and the temperature difference between each effect and the previous effect is about 5-10 ℃. The bottom of each effect of the multi-effect evaporation device is provided with a water pump, water which is not evaporated is circularly and continuously pumped into the tube pass, so that the distillation process is circularly carried out until all the sewage in each effect tube pass is distilled and purified.
After the high-temperature steam flashed off and secondary steam generated by subsequent effects (except final effects) are used as a heating heat source, the released heat is converted into distilled water, the distilled water is discharged from the lower part of the shell side through a drain valve, distillation purification is completed, the distilled water is collected through an eighth pipeline and then is continuously used as boiler water supply, so that the waste heat is recycled after being utilized, the water temperature is improved, and the fuel consumption of a boiler is reduced.
After multi-effect evaporation, the proportion of the evaporated sewage can reach more than 95 percent of the total amount of the sewage. In order to prevent the concentrated ions in the sewage from being too high to cause scaling in the tube pass of the evaporator and not to evaporate the whole sewage, less than 5 percent of the highly concentrated sewage is discharged from the last-effect separator through a seventh pipeline and is discharged after harmless treatment or is dried into solid for burying.
For a water-jet vacuum pump, when the cold water supplied by the boiler is insufficient to completely absorb the last-effect steam, an air cooler is adopted to assist the condensation of the last-effect steam.
The evaporator may be, but is not limited to, a central circulation tube evaporator, a forced circulation tube evaporator, a rising film evaporator, or a falling film evaporator.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention does not need to provide working steam from the outside, the heat source for distilling and purifying the high-temperature separated water is from the heat energy stored in the high-temperature separated water discharged by a steam-water separator on a steam injection boiler, the steam directly flashed out as the heat source by utilizing the process flow of flash evaporation and multi-effect evaporation, after the proper evaporation efficiency is set, more than 95 percent of sewage can be evaporated into distilled water for the boiler to continue use by virtue of the energy, and only less than 5 percent of highly concentrated sewage is discharged after harmless treatment, so as to prevent the evaporator from scaling; the method evaporates almost all of the separated wastewater itself into distilled water. The vacuum degree of the device is generated by the cooling function of cold water in boiler water supply and high-speed flow in the jet vacuum pump, and the continuous work of the device can be ensured. When the vacuum degree is generated, the final effect steam is mixed with the low-temperature boiler water supply, so that the temperature of the final effect steam is increased, most of waste heat is recycled to the boiler water supply, and the fuel cost of the boiler is saved. Meanwhile, the separated water with high salt content is distilled and purified into distilled water which is reused as boiler water, thus having environmental protection benefit. In addition, in order to ensure the circulation of water and the operation of the water jet type vacuum pump, the device also needs a certain amount of electric energy to drive the water jet type vacuum pump and the water pump to operate.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a simplified diagram of two-effect evaporation of a method for completing self-distillation purification by waste heat of high-temperature separated water in a steam injection boiler provided by the invention;
FIG. 2 is a specific flowchart of an embodiment of a method for completing self-distillation purification by waste heat of high-temperature separated water of a steam injection boiler according to the present invention.
Reference numerals are as follows:
1. the system comprises a steam-water separator, 2, a second pipeline, 3, a third pipeline, 4, a fourth pipeline, 5, a fifth pipeline, 6, a sixth pipeline, 7, a seventh pipeline, 8, an eighth pipeline, 9, a flash tank, 10, an evaporative crystallizer, 11, a temporary storage tank, 12, a water jet vacuum pump, 13, a water pump, 14, a first effect evaporator, 15, a first effect separator, 16, a second effect evaporator and 17, the second effect separator.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
a method for finishing self-distillation purification by waste heat of high-temperature separated water of a steam injection boiler adopts a process flow of flash evaporation and multiple-effect evaporation, and working steam of the method completely utilizes flash evaporation steam generated by the high-temperature separated water;
the steam-water separator 1 is connected with a flash tank 9, the flash tank 9 is connected with a multi-effect evaporation device, the last effect separator of the multi-effect evaporation device is connected with a water jet type vacuum pump 12, and the water jet type vacuum pump 12 is connected with a boiler water inlet pipeline.
After high-temperature wet steam generated by an oil field steam injection boiler is separated by a steam-water separator 1, a part of the high-temperature wet steam forms dry steam, and oil well steam injection heating is carried out along a second pipeline 2; the other part of the high-temperature separated water forms high-temperature separated water, the high-temperature separated water enters a flash tank 9 along a third pipeline 3 to be subjected to constant-pressure flash evaporation, and flash steam obtained from the constant-pressure flash evaporation enters a multi-effect evaporation device to be used as multi-effect evaporation working steam;
the multiple-effect evaporation device has 2-6 effects, each effect comprises an evaporator and a separator connected with the tube pass, and the specific effect number is determined by the heat quality of high-temperature separated water.
Flash steam generated by the flash tank enters the shell pass of the first-effect evaporator 14 through a fourth pipeline 4, and the sewage with the temperature reduced after flash evaporation is conveyed to the tube pass of the first-effect evaporator 14 through a fifth pipeline 5 by the pressure of a water pump 13; after partial evaporation of sewage in the tube pass, the sewage enters a first effect separator 15, secondary steam flowing out of the upper part of the first effect separator 15 enters a shell pass of a second effect evaporator 16, water flowing out of the lower part of the first effect separator 15 is pumped back to the upper tube pass of the first effect evaporator 14 or the tube pass of the second effect evaporator 16 by a local water pump 13 to be evaporated continuously, except for the final effect, the working principle of other effects is the same, and the effects work simultaneously until the evaporation capacity meets the requirement. The bottom of each effect evaporator is communicated, and the water pumps 13 of all the effects work at the same time to continuously circularly evaporate the sewage. For evaporating one ton of sewage, the water pump 13 needs to work circularly for 30-40 tons of water, namely, the evaporation can be completed by circulating 30-40 times in the evaporator.
The steam outlet of the last-effect separator is connected with a water injection type vacuum pump 12, and the inlet of the water injection type vacuum pump 12 leads water to the low-temperature steam injection boiler through a sixth pipeline 6; the last effect steam is absorbed by water and condensed to form the vacuum degree required by the work of the multi-effect evaporation device; meanwhile, the heat of the last-effect steam is absorbed by the low-temperature boiler water supply, so that the water temperature is increased, and the heat is recycled to the steam injection boiler water supply. The water jet type vacuum pump 12 is also connected to the tube side of each effect evaporator through a pipeline, the working temperature of each effect evaporator can be set by adjusting the pressure or vacuum degree of each effect tube side, and the temperature gradient between each effect of the multi-effect evaporation device is formed, and the temperature difference between each effect and the previous effect is about 5-10 ℃.
After the high-temperature steam flashed out and the secondary steam generated by subsequent effects (except final effects) are used as a heating heat source, the released heat is converted into distilled water, the distilled water is discharged from the lower part of the shell side through a drain valve, distilled and purified, and collected through an eighth pipeline 8 and then continuously used as boiler water supply, so that the waste heat is recycled after being utilized, the water temperature is improved, and the fuel consumption of a boiler is reduced. The proportion of the evaporated sewage can reach more than 95 percent of the total amount after multiple-effect work. In order to prevent the concentrated ions in the sewage from being too high to cause scaling in the evaporator tube pass and not to evaporate the whole sewage, less than 5 percent of the highly concentrated sewage is discharged from the last-effect separator through a seventh pipeline 7, and is discharged after harmless treatment or is dried into solid for burying.
A large amount of boiler feed water at about 25 ℃ is introduced through a sixth pipeline 6 to carry out final effect to condense the steam, so that the volume of the steam is reduced rapidly, and meanwhile, a large amount of cold water flows at a high speed to generate enough vacuum degree. For the water jet vacuum pump 12, when the cold water of the boiler feed water is not enough to fully absorb the last effect steam, an air cooler is adopted to assist the condensation of the last effect steam.
The evaporator of each effect can be a central circulation tube evaporator, a forced circulation tube evaporator, a rising film evaporator or a falling film evaporator, and the like, but is not limited thereto.
Example 1
The temperature of outlet steam of a once-through steam injection boiler with the evaporation capacity of 23t/h is 300 ℃, the outlet pressure is saturated steam pressure at the temperature, the saturated steam pressure is about 8.59MPa, and the steam dryness is 75 percent. After the steam is separated by the steam-water separator 1, superheated water with the temperature of 300 ℃ and the flow rate of 5.75t/h is generated, wherein the concentration of various ions is shown in the attached table 1.
TABLE 1 attached hereto various ion concentrations in high temperature separation water
Aiming at the working condition of the boiler, the process flow of flash evaporation and double-effect evaporation is adopted to complete the self-purification of the sewage, and 2 evaporators all adopt falling film evaporators.
Firstly, 5.75t/h of high-temperature separation water is introduced into a flash tank 9, the pressure of the flash tank 9 is kept to be 0.27MPa by using a constant pressure element, at the moment, the generated flash steam amount is 2.11t/h according to the energy balance, and the temperature is 130 ℃; the amount of water remaining after flashing was 3.64t/h and the temperature was 130 ℃.
In order to prevent the subsequent evaporator tube side from scaling, firstly, the residual water after flash evaporation is led into a temporary storage tank 11, and a scale inhibitor is added. Then, the flash steam is led into the shell pass of the one-effect evaporator to be used as a heat source for evaporation. And pumping the sewage added with the scale inhibitor into the tube pass of the evaporator by using a water pump. The temperature of the tube pass of the first-effect evaporator is maintained at 95 ℃ by controlling the vacuum degree, water at 130 ℃ is pumped into the tube pass, and then the temperature is quickly reduced by secondary flash evaporation to form a temperature difference with working steam, and evaporation is continued. The shell side temperature of the second effect evaporator is equal to the tube side temperature of the first effect evaporator and is 95 ℃, and the tube side temperature is set to be 85 ℃. Through equipment heat exchange area accounting and design (see attached table 2), the evaporation capacity of the first-effect evaporator is ensured to be 1.82t/h, the evaporation capacity of the second-effect evaporator is ensured to be 1.69t/h, 130kg/h of sewage is finally discharged from the second-effect separator, after the sewage is further highly concentrated by crystallization of the evaporator 10, the sewage is placed into a storage pool to be naturally dried into silt and buried for treatment. The flash steam is condensed in the first-effect shell pass, the first-effect steam is condensed in the second-effect evaporator shell pass, and 3.93t/h of distilled water is collected and generated, the conductivity of the distilled water is not more than 50 mu S/cm, and the distilled water can be completely used as boiler feed water.
The vacuum degree of the device is generated by mixing the double-effect steam and 23t/h 25 ℃ boiler feed water in a water jet type vacuum pump, the water temperature after mixing is about 60 ℃, and the mixed water is directly supplied to a boiler for use.
Attached table 2 system main equipment parameters
The embodiment 1 has two effects, and can meet the condition required by evaporation; if the temperature of the boiler separation water (i.e. the high-temperature wet steam entering the device) is low, such as 200 ℃, the stored heat is low, two effects cannot complete self evaporation, multiple effects are needed to realize, the second effect needs to be connected in succession in the attached drawing 1, the six effects can complete the evaporation process under normal conditions, the working process and the working principle are the same as those of the two effects of the embodiment 1, and the two effects are not listed.
The dashed pipelines in the figure respectively adjust the vacuum degree of each effect tube pass to control the temperature of water in the tube pass, and can ensure that the temperature of water in each effect tube pass is lower than the temperature of steam in the shell pass.
Claims (5)
1. The method for completing self-distillation purification by using the waste heat of high-temperature separated water of the steam injection boiler is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method adopts a process flow of flash evaporation and multiple-effect evaporation, and the working steam of the method completely utilizes flash evaporation steam generated by high-temperature separated water;
after high-temperature wet steam generated by the oil field steam injection boiler is separated by the steam-water separator (1), part of the high-temperature wet steam forms dry steam, and oil well steam injection heating is carried out along the second pipeline (2); the other part of the high-temperature separated water forms high-temperature separated water, the high-temperature separated water enters a flash evaporation tank (9) along a third pipeline (3) for constant-pressure flash evaporation, and flash evaporation steam obtained by the constant-pressure flash evaporation enters a multi-effect evaporation device to be used as multi-effect evaporation working steam;
each effect of the multi-effect evaporation device comprises an evaporator and a separator connected with the tube pass of the evaporator;
high-temperature steam generated by a flash tank (9) enters a shell pass of a first effect evaporator through a fourth pipeline (4), the temperature-reduced sewage after flash evaporation is conveyed to a tube pass of the first effect evaporator (14) through a fifth pipeline (5) by the pressure of a water pump, so that the sewage is repeatedly circulated and evaporated in the tube pass, the sewage in the tube pass is partially evaporated and then enters a first effect separator (15), secondary steam flowing out of the upper part of the separator is guided into the shell pass of the next effect evaporator to serve as working steam, and water flowing out of the lower part of the first effect separator (15) is guided to the tube pass of the first effect evaporator or the next effect evaporator by the water pump to be continuously evaporated; except the last effect separator, the working principle of other effects is the same, and the effects work simultaneously until the evaporation capacity meets the requirement;
the last-effect separator discharges less than 5% of highly concentrated sewage through a seventh pipeline (7), and the highly concentrated sewage is discharged after harmless treatment or is dried into solid to be buried so as to prevent the tube pass of each-effect evaporator from scaling;
the steam outlet of the last-effect separator is connected with a water injection type vacuum pump (12), and the inlet of the water injection type vacuum pump (12) leads low-temperature steam injection boiler water supply through a sixth pipeline (6); the last effect steam is absorbed by water and condensed to form the vacuum degree required by the work of the multi-effect evaporation device; meanwhile, the heat of the last effect steam is absorbed by the low-temperature boiler water supply, so that the water temperature is increased, and the heat is recycled to the steam injection boiler water supply; the water jet type vacuum pump (12) is also connected to the tube side of each effect evaporator through a pipeline, and the working temperature of each effect evaporator is set by adjusting the pressure or the vacuum degree of each effect tube side.
2. The method for completing self-distillation purification by using the waste heat of the high-temperature separated water of the steam injection boiler according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: and setting the evaporation efficiency number to be 2-6 according to the temperature of the high-temperature separated water.
3. The method for completing self-distillation purification by using the waste heat of the high-temperature separated water of the steam injection boiler according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: working steam in the shell pass of each effect transfers heat to sewage in the tube pass, then the working steam becomes distilled water, the distilled water is discharged from the lower part of the shell pass through a drain valve, distillation and purification are finished, and the distilled water is collected through an eighth pipeline (8) and then is continuously used as boiler water supply.
4. The method for completing self-distillation purification by using the waste heat of the high-temperature separated water of the steam injection boiler according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the high-temperature separated water is distilled and purified by more than 95 percent, and the waste heat is recycled to the steam injection boiler for supplying water in the distillation process, so that the waste heat is recycled after being utilized, the water temperature is improved, and the fuel consumption of the boiler is reduced.
5. The method for completing self-distillation purification by using the waste heat of the high-temperature separated water of the steam injection boiler according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: for a water-jet vacuum pump (12), when the cold water of the boiler feed water is insufficient to fully absorb the final effect steam, an air cooler is adopted to assist the condensation of the final effect steam.
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| CN104976605A (en) * | 2015-06-05 | 2015-10-14 | 沈阳工业大学通益科技有限公司 | Method for reducing sewage water of oil field steam-water separator through constant-pressure flash |
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