CN113115397A - Directional routing method in deep space optical communication network - Google Patents
Directional routing method in deep space optical communication network Download PDFInfo
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- CN113115397A CN113115397A CN202110524061.8A CN202110524061A CN113115397A CN 113115397 A CN113115397 A CN 113115397A CN 202110524061 A CN202110524061 A CN 202110524061A CN 113115397 A CN113115397 A CN 113115397A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W40/00—Communication routing or communication path finding
- H04W40/02—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing
- H04W40/023—Limited or focused flooding to selected areas of a network
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
Abstract
The invention provides a directional routing method in a deep space optical communication network, and relates to the technical field of communication networks. The method comprises the following steps: initializing a network; setting a source node S and a destination node D, and determining an intermediate node between the source node S and the destination node D; the source node S selects and sends data information to the intermediate node; the intermediate node receives the data information sent by the source node S and judges whether the data is received or forwarded; the source node S repeatedly sends data information and determines a next-hop intermediate forwarding node; the source node S repeatedly sends data information until the destination node D receives the data information from the source node S; the routing method supports directional multi-hop routing transmission, only part of nodes participate in the routing process, the non-directivity and blindness of the omnidirectional routing method are avoided, and energy is saved; meanwhile, the performances of network transmission delay, delay jitter and the like are superior to those of the omnidirectional routing method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of communication networks, in particular to a directional routing method in a deep space optical communication network.
Background
Deep space Communication (Deep-space Communication) is the basis and support for Deep space exploration, is the only means for information interaction of air, space and ground, is also an important guarantee for normal operation and performance of a Deep space detector, and plays a significant role in Deep space exploration engineering. Compared with the traditional microwave communication, the laser communication has the advantages of large capacity, strong confidentiality, portability, miniaturization and the like, and the optical communication is known as one of the transmission technologies with great prospects in a deep space communication system. With the continuous maturation of the space laser communication technology and the development of the deep space detector technology, the deep space optical network is expected to become an important infrastructure and a necessary development trend of future deep space communication.
At present, the success of the lunar exploration plan promotes the development of future deep space exploration in China, and other countries in the world increasingly explore all planets in the solar system, so that how to effectively communicate with detectors among other planets becomes a crucial problem. One feasible scheme is that a plurality of relay nodes are deployed in the deep space to form a deep space optical communication network, and reliable data transmission can be carried out on the inter-planet detector through relay forwarding. The deep space optical communication network formed by the relay nodes has the similar point with the space optical communication, namely, the deep space optical communication network has the characteristic of laser communication, but due to the difference of space network environments, the existing network routing technology is difficult to be directly applied to the deep space optical network. Therefore, it is necessary to study a routing method of a deep space optical communication network.
The deep space optical communication network is a special wireless mobile network different from a ground fixed topology network, a wireless mobile cellular network and an Ad hoc network, the access of users has dynamic characteristics, and no fixed base station exists. Challenges facing deep space optical network routing design include:
1. intermittent connectivity; the deep space optical communication network has dynamic topology, an end-to-end link has a discontinuous connection characteristic, and the movement of a planet, a harsh space environment, the interference of fragments and the like can cause the interruption of the link;
2. a variable long delay; the longer transmission distance is a main cause of the lengthening in transmission; in addition, the movement of the deep space communication node can also increase the transmission delay;
3. asymmetric link bandwidth and higher bit error rate; when signals are transmitted, the data transmission rate ratio grade of an uplink and a downlink reaches 1: 1000; in addition, the harsh network environment and long-distance transmission result in a deep space link with a higher bit error rate;
4. the node energy is limited; a high-power transmitter and a high-sensitivity receiver are required over a great transmission distance, so that most of the energy of the nodes is used for transmitting and receiving signals; the energy of deep space optical network nodes is limited, and the communication time of the network is greatly limited;
aiming at the challenges faced by the deep space optical communication network routing design, the characteristics of the laser communication sensitive to angle and direction are fully considered, and how to design a more effective and reliable deep space optical communication network routing method is urgently needed to be solved at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a directional routing method in a deep space optical communication network, which supports directional multi-hop routing transmission, only part of nodes participate in the routing process, so that the non-directivity and blindness of an omnidirectional routing method are avoided, and more energy is saved; meanwhile, the performances of network transmission delay, delay jitter and the like are superior to those of the omnidirectional routing method.
The embodiment of the invention is realized by the following steps:
the embodiment of the application provides a directional routing method in a deep space optical communication network, which comprises the following steps:
initializing a network;
setting a source node S and a destination node D, and determining an intermediate node between the source node S and the destination node D;
the source node S selects and sends data information to the intermediate node;
the intermediate node receives the data information sent by the source node S and judges whether the data is received or forwarded;
the source node S repeatedly sends data information and determines a next-hop intermediate forwarding node;
the source node S repeatedly sends data information until the destination node D receives the data information from the source node S.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the network initialization is specifically as follows:
establishing a mathematical transmission model of a deep space optical communication link, editing a transmission model of a deep space optical communication channel, and adding the transmission model of the deep space optical communication link in a Two-Rayground model in NS2 simulation software, wherein the receiving power of the transmission model is expressed as:
PR＝PTηTηRGTGRLTLR(λ/4πd)2；
each node maintains a routing information table, 10 nodes are configured in the 500 x 500 area of the NS2 simulation software, the initial energy for initializing each node is 10J, 6 laser transmitters are configured on the transmitting equipment of each node, the areas covered by the 6 laser transmitters are all in a fan shape, and the field angle of the fan shape is 60 degrees; and selecting the laser transmitter in the closer direction to transmit signals during communication.
In some embodiments of the present invention, each node is further configured with 1 probe for probing and receiving signals, and the parameters are set as follows:
the bit rate is 2Mbps, the wavelength of the laser is 1550nm, the node energy is 10J, the aperture of each transmitting antenna and the aperture of each receiving antenna are both 15cm, and the transmitting efficiency and the receiving efficiency of each antenna are both 0.8.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the source node S selects and sends data information to the intermediate node, and the steps are as follows:
and the source node S judges the coverage area of the adjacent node by calculating the horizontal included angle between the source node S and the adjacent node of the next hop, and selects a laser device with the corresponding coverage area to send data information to the intermediate node.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the step of the source node S selecting a laser with a corresponding coverage area to send data information to the intermediate node is as follows:
each node carries out neighbor node discovery, and each node is clear of the topological structure of the network through regular information exchange.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the step of the source node S selecting a laser with a corresponding coverage area to send data information to the intermediate node is as follows:
in the process of route discovery, a detector detects and receives channels, and determines the position of a signal source by detecting the strength of a signal in a certain direction, so that the angle of the detector is adjusted to receive the signal.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the step of the source node S selecting a laser with a corresponding coverage area to send data information to the intermediate node is as follows:
the 6 laser transmitters of the source node S are divided into 6 fan-shaped areas, the farthest coverage distance of each area is R, the field angles of the coverage fan-shaped areas are all 60 degrees, the source node S needs to perform message routing with the destination node D, the source node S searches the positions of the intermediate node A, the intermediate node B and the intermediate node C, and the source node S knows the coverage area of the adjacent node by calculating the horizontal included angles of the source node S and the intermediate node A, the intermediate node B and the intermediate node C.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the step of the source node S selecting a laser with a corresponding coverage area to send data information to the intermediate node is as follows:
the horizontal included angles between the source node S and the intermediate nodes A, B and C are within +/-pi/6, the intermediate node C can be determined to be in the coverage area No. 1 of the source node S, the intermediate nodes A and B are respectively in the coverage areas No. 3 and No. 6 of the source node S, and the position of each intermediate node in the source node S is determined.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the step of the source node S selecting a laser with a corresponding coverage area to send data information to the intermediate node is as follows:
through information exchange among the nodes, the source node S knows that the intermediate node C is a neighbor node of the destination node D, and then sends information to the intermediate node C through a laser transmitter in the No. 1 area; similarly, the intermediate node C sends data to the destination node D through the laser in the area No. 2, that is, completes the data transmission from the source node S to the destination node D.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the intermediate node receives data information sent by the source node S, determines whether the data has been received or forwarded, and performs the following processing according to the determination structure:
if so, discarding the information; and if not, adding the data in the cache and according to the data information.
Compared with the prior art, the embodiment of the invention has at least the following advantages or beneficial effects: aiming at the characteristic that the node energy in the deep space optical network is limited, a directional flooding routing method, namely a DFRA method is provided based on the design of the deep space network node with multiple interfaces; the method mainly comprises the following steps: the process of flooding routes appears to be generally a directed forwarding of data packets, i.e., a node in the network does not forward data to all neighboring nodes, but only to nodes within a specific coverage area of the node, so that the routing process is pushed in favor of the destination node. Therefore, in the directional flooding routing method, the forwarding times of the intermediate nodes are reduced, the forwarded hop count is correspondingly reduced, and the node resources in the network are saved; because the nodes in the deep space optical network generally utilize solar energy for power supply, but because the solar energy reaching the deep space nodes is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the nodes and the sun, when some deep space nodes are far away from the sun, the illumination environment is poor, and the energy obtained by the nodes is precious; on the other hand, the data implosion problem is prevented; that is, the same data packet may be received by one node many times, so that a large amount of useless messages are flooded in the network, which causes serious resource waste for the limited storage space of the deep-space network node, and causes serious consumption of node energy.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an exemplary deep space optical network according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a deep space optical communication network simulation node topology in the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a laser direct-view communication link model applied to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic process diagram of a deep space optical network directional routing method (DFRA method) according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating the comparison of model residual energies between the DFRA method and the conventional TFRA method in the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating average power consumption of the DFRA method and the conventional TFRA method for different hop counts according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating model time delay comparison between a DFRA method and a conventional TFRA method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating comparison of model delay jitter between a DFRA method and a conventional TFRA method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the comparison between the DFRA method and the conventional TFRA method model throughput in the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present application, generally described and illustrated in the figures herein, can be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application, presented in the accompanying drawings, is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed application, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the application. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
In the description of the present application, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings or orientations or positional relationships conventionally found in use of products of the application, and are used only for convenience in describing the present application and for simplification of description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred devices or elements must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present application.
In the description of the present application, it is also to be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "disposed" and "connected" are to be interpreted broadly, e.g., as being either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood in a specific case by those of ordinary skill in the art.
Some embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below and the individual features of the embodiments can be combined with one another without conflict.
Examples
Referring to fig. 1-9, fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary deep space optical network according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a deep space optical communication network simulation node topology in the embodiment of the present invention; fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a laser direct-view communication link model applied to an embodiment of the present invention; fig. 4 is a schematic process diagram of a deep space optical network directional routing method (DFRA method) according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating the comparison of model residual energies between the DFRA method and the conventional TFRA method in the embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating average power consumption of the DFRA method and the conventional TFRA method for different hop counts according to an embodiment of the present invention; fig. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating model time delay comparison between a DFRA method and a conventional TFRA method according to an embodiment of the present invention; fig. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating comparison of model delay jitter between a DFRA method and a conventional TFRA method according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the comparison between the DFRA method and the conventional TFRA method model throughput in the embodiment of the present invention.
In the invention, the problem of node energy consumption is considered, so that the load is balanced, the probability of the occurrence of the unidirectional link is reduced as much as possible, and unidirectional link resources in the network are fully utilized, thereby saving network resources. In this embodiment, a simulation topological diagram of the deep space optical network is abstracted according to the structure of the deep space optical network shown in fig. 1, as shown in fig. 2. When optical communication is carried out between the earth and the moon, the nearest and farthest one-way transmission time delay is 1.2s and 1.352s, the time delay of each path is randomly set between [1 and 10], the node adopts an optical fiber laser of an IPG company, the output power can reach 10kW, and the characteristics of the node meet the requirements of satellite optical communication on a light source. In 2013, the laser communication demonstration (LLCD) of the moon of the American aerospace administration (NASA) transmits 239000 miles of distance between the moon and the earth, and the data transmission rate can reach 622 Mbps.
In the present embodiment, the DFRA method herein is implemented based on NS2 simulation software. Before the routing method simulation is carried out, a deep space optical communication channel transmission model is edited according to a mathematical transmission model of a deep space optical communication link in the figure 3, and the deep space optical communication link transmission model is added to a Two-Raygound model in NS2 simulation software, so that signals are not influenced by atmospheric turbulence in the transmission process when the deep space optical communication is carried out. In a deep space inter-satellite optical communication system, signal light power emitted by a laser is subjected to attenuation of a transmitting optical system, transmitting antenna gain, deep space channel fading, background noise influence such as solar wind corona, tracking error attenuation, receiving optical system attenuation and receiving antenna gain, and finally the communication light power is received by a detector.
The known parameters and variables involved in this example are defined as follows:
φ1: indicating the light source T of the emitting endXThe angle of divergence of;
φ2: represents the receiving end RXThe receiving field angle of (1);
r1: representing the coverage of the transmitting end;
r2: representing the coverage range of a receiving end;
v: representing a coverage overlap region of a transceiving node;
PR: represents the received power of the system;
PT: represents a transmit power;
ηT: representing the transmission efficiency of the system;
ηR: representing the reception efficiency of the system;
GR: represents the receive gain of the system;
GT: representing the transmit gain of the system;
LR: representing a receive aiming error factor;
LT: representing a firing sighting error factor;
λ: represents a communication wavelength;
d: indicating the communication distance.
According to the above scenario setting and parameter definition, the implementation flow of the present invention is described as shown in fig. 4, and includes the following steps: step 1: network initialization is specifically as follows:
step 1-1: according to the mathematical transmission model of the deep space optical communication link in fig. 3, the transmission model of the deep space optical communication channel is edited, and the transmission model of the deep space optical communication link is added to the Two-Rayground model in the NS2 simulation software, and the received power can be expressed as:
PR＝PTηTηRGTGRLTLR(λ/4πd)2
step 1-2: each node maintains a routing information table, the routing table records the sector coverage area numbers of the neighbor nodes and the neighbor nodes corresponding to the neighbor nodes, 10 nodes are configured in the 500 x 500 area of the NS2 simulation software, the initial energy for initializing each node is 10J, 6 laser transmitters are configured on the transmitting equipment of each node, the areas covered by the 6 laser transmitters are all sectors, the sector field angle is 60 degrees, and the laser transmitter in the closer direction can be selected for transmitting signals during communication. In addition, each node is also configured with 1 detector for detecting and receiving signals, and the parameters are set as follows: the bit rate is 2Mbps, the wavelength of the laser is 1550nm, the node energy is 10J, the aperture of each transmitting antenna and the aperture of each receiving antenna are both 15cm, and the transmitting efficiency and the receiving efficiency of each antenna are both 0.8. And setting a source node and a destination node.
Step 2: the source node determines an intermediate node between the source node and the destination node according to the information of the destination node, then the source node calculates a horizontal included angle with a neighbor node of a next hop, the source node S can judge the coverage area of the neighbor node S, and selects a laser with the corresponding coverage area to send data information to the intermediate neighbor node. The method comprises the following specific steps:
step 2-1: each node carries out neighbor node discovery, and each node is made to be clear of the topological structure of the network through regular information exchange among the nodes. In the process of route discovery, a detector detects and receives channels, and determines the position of a signal source by detecting the strength of a signal in a certain direction, so that the angle of the detector is adjusted to receive the signal.
Step 2-2: the 6 laser transmitters of the source node S are divided into 6 sector areas, the farthest coverage distance of each area is R, the field angles of the coverage sector areas are all 60 °, the source node S needs to perform message routing with the destination node D, the source node will find the positions of the intermediate nodes a, B, and C, and the source node S will know the coverage area of its neighboring node by calculating the horizontal included angle between the source node S and the node A, B, C.
Step 2-3: the horizontal included angle between the source node and A, B, C is within +/-pi/6, so that the node C can be determined to be in the coverage area No. 1 of the source node S, the node A and the node B are respectively in the coverage areas No. 3 and No. 6 of the source node, the position of each intermediate node at the source node is determined, the source node knows that the node C is a neighbor node of a destination node through information exchange, and then the information is sent to the node C through a laser transmitter in the area No. 1. In the same working method, the node C sends data to the destination node D through the laser in the area No. 2, that is, the data transmission from the source node to the destination node is completed.
And step 3: the intermediate neighbor node receives the data information sent by the source node and judges whether the data is received or forwarded. If so, discarding the information; otherwise, adding the data in the cache, repeating the step 2 according to the data information, determining a next-hop intermediate forwarding node, repeating the step 2, calculating the coverage area of the next-hop intermediate forwarding node, and forwarding the information by using a corresponding laser transmitter until the destination node receives the data information from the source node.
And 4, step 4: and ending the method and storing the simulation result.
And 5: and analyzing the simulation result by using the edited analysis files such as time delay, time delay jitter, throughput and the like.
According to the above embodiment, for the DFRA method proposed by the present invention: 1. the deep space node model design based on multiple interfaces fully combines space division multiplexing and frequency division multiplexing; 2. considering node residual energy; 3. the convergence speed is compared with the conventional method in terms of delay, delay jitter and throughput performance index.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the mean residual energy of the DFRA method and the conventional TFRA method model in the present inventionA plot of the amount as a function of time; as can be seen from the figure, the DFRA method is more energy efficient than the TFRA method. This is because the TFRA method broadcasts a message to all its neighbor nodes, which in turn broadcast the message to all their neighbor nodes, so that each node participates in the transmission of information. In the DFRA method, message routing only occurs in a specific routing area favorable for the direction of a destination node, and nodes outside the routing area do not receive messages, so that the number of nodes on a transmission path is reduced. Therefore, when the data packet is transmitted from the same source node to the same destination node, the DFRA method is adopted for forwarding less times than the TFRA method. Obviously, the fewer nodes participating in flooding, the larger the average residual energy of the nodes, and thus, the more effective the network resources are saved. In addition, the energy consumption of the nodes in the deep space optical network mainly comprises the processes of sending, receiving, idling and sleeping, wherein the proportion of the energy consumed in the data sending process is the largest. According to the deep space optical communication link formula, the energy consumed by the deep space optical communication signal transmission is in direct proportion to the square of the transmission distance, so that the transmission distance is reduced as much as possible, and the forwarding times are increased to achieve the purpose of energy saving. Formula based on reference
Wherein N isoptIs the optimum hop count, d is the communication distance, εampAnd EelecRespectively, is 8.2 (pJ. bit)-1)/m2And 50 nJ/bit. Obtaining N through calculation according to the simulation parameters and the topology setting of the section opt5. Therefore, the average energy consumption for 1-hop, 5-hop and 9-hop communication under the DFRA method is compared in the text by simulation, as shown in fig. 6. As can be seen from fig. 6, as the simulation time increases, the energy consumption of the node also gradually increases. Wherein, the energy consumption of the 1-hop communication is the largest, and the energy consumption of the 5-hop communication is the smallest, namely, the 5-hop communication saves more energy than the 1-hop communication and the 9-hop communication. This is mainly because the signal transmission distance is farthest in 1-hop communication, and thus the required energy consumption is the largest; meanwhile, as the number of transmission hops increases, the routing load and the MAC layer load of the intermediate node increase, which is 9 hopsThe energy consumption of the communication is greater than the cause of the 5-hop communication. Optimal hop count communication can minimize energy consumption of each node in the network.
Fig. 7 is a time delay comparison between the model of the DFRA method and the conventional TFRA method in the present invention, where the time delay of the TFRA method is significantly higher than that of the DFRA method. This is because the TFRA routing method broadcasts all nodes in the process of propagating the message, so that the number of hops for the same source node to reach the same destination node is greater than that of the DFRA method. In order to reduce the collision probability, each hop in the MAC layer will have a random delay, and as the number of hops increases, the delay will be larger. The DFRA method adopts a directional routing method, only part of nodes participate in information transmission, the hop count from a source node to a destination node is relatively reduced, and the end-to-end time delay is correspondingly reduced. Fig. 8 is a comparison graph of model delay jitter of the DFRA method and the conventional TFRA method in the present invention, and it can be seen from the graph that the delay jitter of the DFRA method is small in variation, and the delay jitter of the TFRA method is relatively large in fluctuation, because the multi-hop transmission has an influence on the delay jitter, the probability of collision between data packets is large when the number of hops is large, the delay jitter is large, and it can be seen that the performance of the DFRA method is superior to that of the conventional flooding routing method. Fig. 9 is a throughput comparison of the DFRA method and the TFRA method, and it is generally seen that the throughput of the TFRA method and the DFRA method reaches the maximum initially and tends to be stable finally, and the throughput of the DFRA method is higher than that of the TFRA method. This is because, compared to the TFRA method, the communication method of the DFRA method has a long coverage distance, and can reach a destination node through the minimum number of hops, and nodes participating in packet forwarding are few, so nodes competing for a channel are few, and throughput is high. From the above simulation analysis, it can be seen that the DFRA method proposed herein has far superior performance to the TFRA method.
In summary, the DFRA method provided by the invention fully combines space division multiplexing and frequency division multiplexing based on a multi-interface deep space node model design for the sensitive characteristics of deep space optical communication to angles and directions, supports directional multi-hop routing transmission, only part of nodes participate in the routing process, avoids the non-directivity and blindness of the omnidirectional routing method, and is more energy-saving. Meanwhile, the performances of network transmission delay, delay jitter and the like are superior to those of an omnidirectional routing method, the problem of node energy consumption is considered, so that the load is balanced, network link resources are fully utilized, the network resources are saved, and the survival time of the whole deep space optical network is prolonged.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the present application is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present application may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the application being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Claims (10)
1. A directional routing method in a deep space optical communication network is characterized by comprising the following steps:
initializing a network;
setting a source node S and a destination node D, and determining an intermediate node between the source node S and the destination node D;
the source node S selects and sends data information to the intermediate node;
the intermediate node receives the data information sent by the source node S and judges whether the data is received or forwarded;
the source node S repeatedly sends data information and determines a next-hop intermediate forwarding node;
the source node S repeatedly sends data information until the destination node D receives the data information from the source node S.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the network initialization is as follows:
establishing a mathematical transmission model of a deep space optical communication link, editing a transmission model of a deep space optical communication channel, and adding the transmission model of the deep space optical communication link in a Two-Rayground model in NS2 simulation software, wherein the receiving power of the transmission model is expressed as:
PR＝PTηTηRGTGRLTLR(λ/4πd)2；
each node maintains a routing information table, 10 nodes are configured in the 500 x 500 area of the NS2 simulation software, the initial energy for initializing each node is 10J, 6 laser transmitters are configured on the transmitting equipment of each node, the areas covered by the 6 laser transmitters are all in a fan shape, and the field angle of the fan shape is 60 degrees; and selecting the laser transmitter in the closer direction to transmit signals during communication.
3. A directional routing method in a deep space optical communication network according to claim 2, wherein each node is further configured with 1 probe for probing and receiving signals, and its parameters are set as:
the bit rate is 2Mbps, the wavelength of the laser is 1550nm, the node energy is 10J, the aperture of each transmitting antenna and the aperture of each receiving antenna are both 15cm, and the transmitting efficiency and the receiving efficiency of each antenna are both 0.8.
4. A method for directional routing in a deep space optical communication network according to claim 3, wherein the source node S selects and sends data information to the intermediate node, and the steps are as follows:
and the source node S judges the coverage area of the adjacent node by calculating the horizontal included angle between the source node S and the adjacent node of the next hop, and selects a laser device with the corresponding coverage area to send data information to the intermediate node.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the source node S selects the laser with the corresponding coverage area to send the data message to the intermediate node, and the method comprises the following steps:
each node carries out neighbor node discovery, and each node is clear of the topological structure of the network through regular information exchange.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the source node S selects the laser with the corresponding coverage area to send the data message to the intermediate node, and the method comprises the following steps:
in the process of route discovery, a detector detects and receives channels, and determines the position of a signal source by detecting the strength of a signal in a certain direction, so that the angle of the detector is adjusted to receive the signal.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the source node S selects the laser with the corresponding coverage area to send the data message to the intermediate node, and the method comprises the following steps:
the 6 laser transmitters of the source node S are divided into 6 fan-shaped areas, the farthest coverage distance of each area is R, the field angles of the coverage fan-shaped areas are all 60 degrees, the source node S needs to perform message routing with the destination node D, the source node S searches the positions of the intermediate node A, the intermediate node B and the intermediate node C, and the source node S knows the coverage area of the adjacent node by calculating the horizontal included angles of the source node S and the intermediate node A, the intermediate node B and the intermediate node C.
8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the source node S selects the laser with the corresponding coverage area to send the data message to the intermediate node, and the steps are as follows:
the horizontal included angles between the source node S and the intermediate nodes A, B and C are within +/-pi/6, the intermediate node C can be determined to be in the coverage area No. 1 of the source node S, the intermediate nodes A and B are respectively in the coverage areas No. 3 and No. 6 of the source node S, and the position of each intermediate node in the source node S is determined.
9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the source node S selects the laser with the corresponding coverage area to send the data message to the intermediate node, and the steps are as follows:
through information exchange among the nodes, the source node S knows that the intermediate node C is a neighbor node of the destination node D, and then sends information to the intermediate node C through a laser transmitter in the No. 1 area; similarly, the intermediate node C sends data to the destination node D through the laser in the area No. 2, that is, completes the data transmission from the source node S to the destination node D.
10. The method as claimed in claim 9, wherein the intermediate node receives data information sent by the source node S, determines whether the data has been received or forwarded, and performs the following processing according to the determination structure:
if so, discarding the information; and if not, adding the data in the cache and according to the data information.
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