CN113113910A - Electric energy transmission system utilizing high-frequency coupling resonance and distribution parameters - Google Patents
Electric energy transmission system utilizing high-frequency coupling resonance and distribution parameters Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of electric power engineering, and provides an electric energy transmission system utilizing high-frequency coupling resonance and distribution parameters. The invention uses the high-frequency coupling resonance technology to change the voltage, does not need an iron core transformer, and avoids the iron loss and the copper loss of the transformer; the step-up and step-down transformer works in a high-frequency coupling resonance state, when a system fails or is disturbed, the resonance condition is damaged, and the power transmission system cannot send out destructive current; the transmission voltage is higher than the power frequency voltage, and the transmission line current and the line loss are smaller under the same capacity; the transmission line current lead is thinner, so that the use amount of the transmission lead is saved; when the high-voltage coil is connected with the metal conductor at the upper end of the high-voltage coil, the high-voltage coil can supply power for electrical equipment in an electric field space in a wireless or single-wire mode; the output voltage frequency of the adopted high-frequency inverter has strong controllability, so the frequency and the amplitude of the transmission voltage can be flexibly changed so as to adapt to the change of the working environment in time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electric power engineering, and relates to an electric energy transmission system utilizing high-frequency coupling resonance and distribution parameters.
Background
In the power transmission technology, the frequency and the buck-boost technology are always closely related. They have been key factors affecting the scale of power transmission, transmission efficiency, transmission quality, transmission stability, and transmission cost. Over a hundred years ago, after the intense competition between alternating current and direct current, power transmission always takes a power frequency alternating current system as a main mode, and an iron core transformer is used for changing voltage. In recent years, high voltage direct current transmission has been developed, but it is also only used for long distance power transmission. Information technology is continuously developing towards high frequency, and electric power technology is no exception.
From the electromagnetic point of view, because the wavelength of the power frequency alternating current on the overhead transmission line is very long, up to 6000 kilometers, hundreds of kilometers of transmission lines can be approximately regarded as a lumped parameter circuit. In this frequency transmission mode, sudden failure of the load or line almost instantaneously affects the transformer or generator, and therefore a reliable and fast protection device must be adopted.
In power frequency alternating current transmission, because the frequency is relatively low, the voltage is difficult to convert by using a resonance technology, an iron core transformer is required to use an electromagnetic induction principle to increase and decrease the voltage, so that more ferromagnetic materials and copper conductors are consumed, and the electric energy is wasted and the transformer generates heat because of inevitable iron core loss and conductor loss, so that necessary cooling measures are required.
With the development of power electronics technology, people can change the frequency of voltage almost at will. This provides for a higher frequency of power transfer. Due to the improvement of the working frequency, the coupling resonance technology is possible to change the voltage and the urine, thereby avoiding the use of an iron core transformer.
When the high-frequency coupling resonance technology is adopted to transmit electric power, the distribution of transmission line parameters needs to be considered, and the traveling wave point of view is used for analysis, design and check according to the distributed parameter circuit theory.
The high-frequency coupling resonance power transmission technology can be used for high-frequency resonance transmission of new energy power generation, and can also be used for power transmission in special places such as offshore islands, land islands, frontier sentries, protection areas, workstations, rail transit and the like. The method is very expected for planning a power system of a new future electromagnetic principle, building an energy internet and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to develop a high-frequency power transmission technology, the invention provides a power transmission system which utilizes a high-frequency coupling resonance and distribution parameter principle to realize high-frequency, high-voltage and low-loss transmission of power and has inherent destructive fault resistance and rapid transmission scheme switching capability in transmission.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a power transmission system using high-frequency coupling resonance and distribution parameters performs power transmission in a high-frequency and high-voltage manner. The power transmission system comprises a power transmission system, a power receiving system and a transmission line for connecting the power transmission system and the power receiving system. One power transmission system may correspond to one or more power receiving systems as needed, and the power transmission system and each power receiving system must have the same resonance frequency.
The power transmission system comprises a direct current system, a high-frequency inverter circuit, a power transmission system impedance compensation circuit, a high-frequency coupling resonance step-up transformer (also called a Tesla coil) and an optional upper end metal conductor. The direct current system can be a system which can generate direct current such as a photovoltaic power station, a fuel cell power station and the like, and can also be a rectification and filtering system for power frequency alternating current. The high-frequency inverter circuit is used for converting electric energy from a direct current system into high-frequency pulse alternating current electric energy, the frequency is over several kHz and is dozens of times to hundreds of times of the power frequency 50Hz, and therefore the high-frequency inverter circuit is called high frequency. According to the transmission capacity, the inverter circuit can adopt a conventional power converter such as a half-bridge inverter, a full-bridge inverter, a matrix converter, a modular converter and the like. The impedance compensation circuit of the power transmission system is used for compensating the equivalent reactance of the low-voltage coil of the high-frequency coupling resonance boosting transformer so as to reduce the imaginary component of the total impedance. Or, the inductive reactive power of the low-voltage coil of the high-frequency coupling resonance boosting transformer is compensated by using the capacitive reactive power of the impedance compensation circuit. After compensation, the transmission capacity of active power can be improved, and the power loss of the high-frequency inverter circuit can be reduced. The simplest compensating circuit is connected in series or in parallel in a low-voltage coil loop of the high-frequency coupling resonance boosting transformer by using a proper capacitor. The output end of the high-frequency inverter circuit is connected with the low-voltage coil of the high-frequency coupling resonance boosting transformer after passing through the impedance compensation circuit. The high-frequency coupling resonance boosting transformer, namely a Tesla winding, comprises a low-voltage winding and a high-voltage winding which are mutually coupled through a magnetic field. The number of turns is very different, for example, the turn ratio may be 1: more than 200. Compared with a power frequency transformer, the step-up transformer is an air-core transformer and does not contain an iron core, so that no iron core loss exists. The high-frequency voltage is increased by using the distribution parameters and the coupling resonance of the transformer, and the resonance frequency of the transformer is designed to be equal to the frequency of the output voltage of the high-frequency inverter power supply. Its step-up ratio is not determined by the turns ratio, but by various distribution parameters and quality factors, and is closely related to the resonance or detuning state. The step-up ratio may be greater than or less than the turns ratio. The low-voltage coil and the high-voltage coil are respectively provided with two terminals which are externally connected, and the two terminals are respectively called a near ground end and a far ground end. The ground-proximal end refers to a terminal of the coil close to the ground; the far end refers to the terminal of the coil far from the ground. The optional upper end metal conductor is a metal object with a large surface area and arranged at a certain height above the high-voltage coil. In order to avoid energy loss caused by discharge, the surface of the metal conductor should be as smooth as possible, without sharp corners with small curvature radius and without eddy current flow path. When the conductor is selected, the conductor can be used for adjusting the resonant frequency of the step-up transformer on one hand because the conductor has a capacitor and establishes an electric field around; on the other hand, power may be provided to nearby consumers in a wireless or single wire manner.
The power receiving system comprises a high-frequency coupling resonance step-down transformer, an optional upper end metal conductor, a power receiving system impedance compensation circuit, an electric energy conversion regulating circuit, an alternating current or direct current load or a power grid to be connected. The high-frequency coupling resonance step-down transformer of the power receiving system, the optional upper end metal conductor and the impedance compensation circuit of the power receiving system can correspond to the same or different power transmission systems in structure, parameters, connection modes of a near ground end and a far ground end and the like. When the structure and parameters are different from those of the power transmission system, it is necessary to ensure that the resonance frequency is the same as that of the power transmission system. The electric energy conversion regulating circuit comprises a high-frequency rectification filter circuit, a direct current-direct current conversion circuit and a power frequency inverter circuit. The high-frequency rectifying and filtering circuit is used for converting the high-frequency alternating current received by the power receiving transformer into stable direct current; the direct current-direct current conversion circuit is used for providing stable direct current voltage for the power frequency inverter circuit or directly providing stable direct current voltage for a direct current load, such as an electric vehicle charging station and the like. The power frequency inverter circuit is used for converting direct current into power frequency alternating current so as to drive a common alternating current load or be incorporated into a public power grid.
The transmission line for connecting the power transmission system and the power receiving system is a power transmission line connected between a high-voltage coil of a step-up transformer of the power transmission system and a high-voltage coil of a step-down transformer of the power receiving system. The connection scheme includes a (one) two-wire connection scheme: meanwhile, the near-ground end and the far-ground end of the high-voltage coil of the step-up transformer of the power transmission system and the step-down transformer of the power receiving system are correspondingly connected, and the double lines can be overhead lines or cables. (II) Single wire connection scheme 1: only the proximal ends of the two high voltage coils are connected, and the distal ends are suspended or connected to an optional metal conductor. (iii) single wire connection scheme 2: the far ends of the two high-voltage coils are connected, and the near ends are well grounded or connected with other conductor structures (such as metal tracks, metal pipe networks, idle cables, seawater and the like). When the double-wire connection has a single-wire open circuit fault and is difficult to maintain, the single-wire connection scheme can be immediately changed into the single-wire connection scheme through the switching device. When a single-wire connection scheme is adopted and the length of the transmission line is approximately integral multiple of a quarter wavelength, the optimal transmission efficiency can be obtained. With a two-wire connection, the transmission line length does not affect transmission efficiency as significantly as with a single-wire transmission scheme. Whether the double-wire connection or the single-wire connection is adopted, the influence of the distribution of the electrical parameters along the wire on the electric energy transmission needs to be considered, and the distributed parameter circuit principle is used for analyzing, designing and checking.
The invention uses the high-frequency coupling resonance technology to change the voltage, does not need the traditional iron core transformer, and avoids the iron loss and the copper loss of the transformer; the invention increases and decreases voltage by high-frequency coupling resonance, and transmits power by traveling wave on transmission line, so when system working condition changes suddenly, such as short-circuit fault, the resonance condition is destroyed and the transmission line characteristic impedance acts, and no destructive short-circuit current is generated on the transmission line. Therefore, the high-frequency coupling resonance power transmission system has inherent capability of resisting destructive faults, and reduces the technical requirements on the relay protection device; under the same transmission capacity, the transmission voltage adopted by the invention is higher than the power frequency transmission voltage, so that the current and the line loss of the transmission line are smaller; the smaller transmission line current can use the thinner transmission wire, thereby saving the use amount of the transmission wire; under the special requirements such as faults, the double-conductor connection scheme can be quickly switched into a single-conductor connection scheme 1 or a single-conductor connection scheme 2; when the high-voltage coil is connected with the metal conductor at the upper end of the high-voltage coil, the high-voltage coil can supply power for electrical equipment in an electric field space in a wireless or single-wire mode; the output voltage frequency of the adopted high-frequency inverter has strong controllability, and compared with the power frequency, the frequency and the amplitude of the transmission voltage can be flexibly changed so as to adapt to the change of the working environment in time.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a power transmission system using high frequency coupled resonance and distribution parameters.
Fig. 2 shows a structure of a high-frequency coupling resonance transformer (tesla coil) in which a high-voltage coil and a low-voltage coil are wound around different bobbins, respectively.
Fig. 3 shows another structure of a high-frequency coupling resonance transformer (tesla coil) in which a high-voltage coil and a low-voltage coil are wound on the same bobbin.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with the drawings and the accompanying drawings.
A power transmission system using the principle of high-frequency coupled resonance and distributed parameters is shown in fig. 1, and includes a power transmission system, a power reception system, and a high-frequency power transmission line connected between the power transmission system and the power reception system.
The left half of fig. 1 is a power transmission system circuit diagram. The power transmission system comprises a direct current system, a high-frequency inverter circuit, a power transmission system impedance compensation circuit, a high-frequency coupling resonance transformer (Tesla coil) and an optional upper end metal conductor. The direct current system can be a photovoltaic power station or a fuel cell power station, and can also be a rectifying and filtering circuit for single-phase or three-phase power frequency alternating current. The direct current of the direct current system passes through a high-frequency inverter circuit to obtain high-frequency pulse alternating current above several kHz, and the specific frequency value is consistent with the resonant frequency of a high-frequency coupling resonant booster transformer. The high-frequency inverter circuit can adopt topological structures such as a full-bridge inverter, a half-bridge inverter, a matrix converter, a modular converter and the like. The output voltage of the high-frequency inverter is applied to a high-frequency coupling resonance step-up transformer T via an impedance compensation circuit1The low voltage coil of (2). Impedance compensation circuit for compensating for T1And the imaginary part of the equivalent impedance of the low-voltage coil improves the transmission capability of active power. The simplest compensating circuit is a capacitor in series or parallel with the low voltage coil. T is1When the far end of the high-voltage coil is connected with a metal conductor, the T can be properly adjusted1And establishing an electric field around the conductor, can provide power to electronic devices within the electric field coverage space area in a wireless or single wire manner. T is1The near-ground end and the far-ground end of the high-voltage coil are in high-frequency coupling with the power receiving system through a double-wire transmission line to form a resonance step-down transformer T2Are connected with the corresponding ends of the first and second connecting rods. The two-wire transmission line may be an overhead line or a cable line. When the double-wire transmission line is used, the design of the resonant frequency can be free from the limitation of the length of the transmission line, and the double-wire transmission line is flexible and has high transmission efficiency. The length of the two-wire transmission line can range from several tens of meters to several tens of kilometers, and even several hundreds of kilometers. If one conductor is removed from the two-wire transmission line, the high-frequency coupling resonance power transmission system can be quickly switched into two single-wire transmission schemes according to requirements: only connecting the near-ground ends of the two high-voltage coils; and (II) only connecting the far ends of the two high-voltage coils.
The right side of fig. 1 is a power receiving system circuit diagram.The power receiving system comprises a high-frequency coupling resonance step-down transformer T2And optionally an upper conductor, a powered system impedance compensation circuit, a power conversion regulation circuit, a direct or alternating current load or a power grid to be incorporated. High-frequency coupling resonance step-down transformer T2Respectively connected to corresponding terminals of a high-frequency coupled resonant step-up transformer of the power transmission system. The two high frequency resonant transformers must have the same resonant frequency but may have different structures and parameters. T is2The low-voltage coil is connected to the power conversion regulating circuit through an impedance compensation network of the electric system. The function and design method of the impedance compensation network is the same as that of the transmission system. The electric energy conversion regulating circuit comprises high-frequency rectification, filtering, voltage stabilization, inversion and the like. The voltage after conversion and regulation can provide power for a direct current load or a power frequency alternating current load, or be incorporated into a public power grid, and new energy power generation grid connection is realized.
Fig. 2 is a block diagram of a high frequency coupled resonant step-up or step-down transformer (tesla coil). The high-voltage coil and the low-voltage coil are respectively wound on different frameworks. The coil with less thick turns of the lead and larger diameter is a low-voltage coil; the coil with more fine turns and smaller diameter of the wire is a high-voltage coil. The bobbins of both coils are of non-magnetic material, such as PVC tubing or the like, in order to obtain high resonance frequencies and avoid core losses. The two groups of coils are connected without conductors and are in electrical isolation. The resonant frequency of the high-frequency coupling resonant transformer is determined by the geometric parameters and the electrical parameters of each coil and the upper end conductor. The step-up ratio or step-down ratio of the transformer at resonance is determined not simply by the turn ratio but by the quality factor, coupling coefficient, etc. of the resonance circuit. The step-up ratio or step-down ratio may be much larger than the turns ratio or much smaller than the turns ratio.
Fig. 3 shows another structure of a high-frequency coupling resonance transformer (tesla coil) in which a high-voltage coil and a low-voltage coil are wound on the same bobbin. The lower part is a low-voltage coil, and the upper part is a high-voltage coil. Can be connected with each other without conductors or can be connected into an autotransformer structure.
Claims (8)
1. A power transmission system using high-frequency coupled resonance and distributed parameters is characterized by comprising a power transmission system, a power receiving system and a power transmission line connected between the power transmission system and the power receiving system; according to the requirement, one power transmission system corresponds to one or more power receiving systems, and the power transmission system and each power receiving system have the same resonance frequency;
the power transmission system comprises a direct current system, a high-frequency inverter circuit, a power transmission system impedance compensation circuit, a high-frequency coupling resonance step-up transformer and an optional upper end metal conductor; the direct current system refers to a system capable of generating direct current, and comprises a direct current power station, such as a new energy power generation and a rectification filter circuit of a power frequency power supply; the high-frequency inverter circuit is used for generating alternating current pulse voltage with frequency far higher than power frequency, and the frequency is the resonant frequency of the coupling resonant transformer; the impedance compensation circuit is used for reducing the imaginary part of the equivalent impedance of the power transmission circuit including the low-voltage coil, namely equivalent reactance, or equivalently reducing the reactive power of the power transmission circuit; the output of the high-frequency inverter circuit is applied to a low-voltage coil of the high-frequency coupling resonance boosting transformer through a power transmission system impedance compensation circuit; the top end of the high-voltage coil can be selectively connected or not connected with the metal conductor;
the power receiving system comprises a high-frequency coupling resonance step-down transformer, a power receiving system impedance compensation circuit, an electric energy conversion regulating circuit, an alternating current or direct current load or an alternating current power grid to be merged; the high-frequency coupling resonance step-down transformer high-voltage coil receives high-frequency electric energy from a power transmission system and generates high-frequency output voltage at the low-voltage coil through resonance and electromagnetic induction; the far end of the high-voltage coil is selectively connected with the metal conductor; the low-voltage coil outputs voltage, and the low-voltage coil is connected to the input end of the electric energy conversion regulating circuit through the electric system impedance compensation circuit; the electric energy conversion regulating circuit is used for high-frequency rectification filtering, voltage stabilization and power frequency inversion, and supplies power for an alternating current or direct current load or a public power grid to be accessed;
the high-frequency coupling resonance step-up transformer and the high-frequency coupling resonance step-down transformer are in a Tesla coil structure or an autotransformer structure; their structures and parameters are the same or different, but the resonance frequencies must be the same;
the power transmission line connected between the power transmission system and the power receiving system is a double-wire overhead line or a double-core cable line and the like, and adopts a single-phase power transmission system.
2. The power transmission system of claim 1, wherein the high-frequency coupling resonant step-up transformer in the power transmission system and the high-frequency coupling resonant step-down transformer in the power receiving system are both hollow magnetic coupling coils, and the coils are wound in single layer or multiple layers.
3. An electric power transmission system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the optional upper metallic conductor is capable of establishing a high frequency electric field in its surrounding space, on the one hand for adjusting the resonance frequency; on the other hand, the electric power is provided for the electric equipment in the space electric field in a wireless or single-wire mode; the outer surface of the metal conductor needs to be smooth and have no sharp corners.
4. The power transmission system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the power transmission line connected to the power transmission system and the power reception system is a two-wire overhead line or a two-wire cable line, and adopts a single-phase power transmission system.
5. The power transmission system of claim 3, wherein the power transmission lines connected to the power transmission system and the power receiving system are two-wire overhead lines or two-wire cables, and adopt a single-phase power transmission system.
6. A power transmission system according to claim 1, 2 or 5, characterised in that a two-wire connection can be quickly switched to a single-wire connection mode 1 or mode 2 operating state as required.
7. A power transmission system according to claim 3, wherein the two-wire connection can be quickly switched to a single-wire connection mode 1 or mode 2 operating state as required.
8. A power transmission system according to claim 4, wherein the two-wire connection can be quickly switched to a single-wire connection mode 1 or mode 2 operating state as required.
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| CN103560593A (en) * | 2013-11-07 | 2014-02-05 | 重庆大学 | Electric field coupled power transfer system and control method based on novel topology |
| JP2017034940A (en) * | 2015-08-05 | 2017-02-09 | 株式会社フジクラ | Non-contact power transmission system, antenna design method therefor, and non-contact power transmission method |
| CN109599957A (en) * | 2018-12-24 | 2019-04-09 | 大连理工大学 | A kind of radio energy transmission system with high no-load voltage ratio and high-tension coil closure |
| CN109962625A (en) * | 2019-05-10 | 2019-07-02 | 安徽水利水电职业技术学院 | A kind of resonance high-gain DC-DC device based on loosely coupled transformer |
| CN209676129U (en) * | 2019-05-10 | 2019-11-22 | 安徽水利水电职业技术学院 | A kind of resonance high-gain DC-DC device based on loosely coupled transformer |
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- 2021-03-29 CN CN202110333240.3A patent/CN113113910B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103560593A (en) * | 2013-11-07 | 2014-02-05 | 重庆大学 | Electric field coupled power transfer system and control method based on novel topology |
| JP2017034940A (en) * | 2015-08-05 | 2017-02-09 | 株式会社フジクラ | Non-contact power transmission system, antenna design method therefor, and non-contact power transmission method |
| CN109599957A (en) * | 2018-12-24 | 2019-04-09 | 大连理工大学 | A kind of radio energy transmission system with high no-load voltage ratio and high-tension coil closure |
| CN109962625A (en) * | 2019-05-10 | 2019-07-02 | 安徽水利水电职业技术学院 | A kind of resonance high-gain DC-DC device based on loosely coupled transformer |
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