CN113109723B - Method for testing internal resistance of battery with same-ratio multi-multiplying power mixed pulse power characteristics - Google Patents

Method for testing internal resistance of battery with same-ratio multi-multiplying power mixed pulse power characteristics Download PDF

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CN113109723B
CN113109723B CN202110317120.4A CN202110317120A CN113109723B CN 113109723 B CN113109723 B CN 113109723B CN 202110317120 A CN202110317120 A CN 202110317120A CN 113109723 B CN113109723 B CN 113109723B
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battery
discharge
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soc
charge
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CN113109723A (en
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陈琳
吴淑孝
丁云辉
李豪
刘博豪
姚起宏
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Guangxi University
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/385Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
    • G01R31/387Determining ampere-hour charge capacity or SoC
    • G01R31/388Determining ampere-hour charge capacity or SoC involving voltage measurements
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/389Measuring internal impedance, internal conductance or related variables
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/396Acquisition or processing of data for testing or for monitoring individual cells or groups of cells within a battery
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Tests Of Electric Status Of Batteries (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a battery internal resistance test method of a same-ratio multi-multiplying power mixed pulse power characteristic, which at least comprises the following steps: (1) Discharging the electric quantity of the battery, standing for a period of time, fully charging, and fully standing; (2) The SOC was tested starting from 100% with the same ratio of discharge pulse and regeneration pulse; (3) multi-rate charge and discharge testing; (4) discharging the battery constant current until the SOC is reduced by x%; (5) Repeating the steps 2 to 4 and collecting corresponding voltage data of the battery under different charge and discharge multiplying powers and different SOCs; (6) discharging the battery to 0% SOC after testing the final SOC; (7) And calculating the polarized internal resistance and the ohmic internal resistance of the battery under different charge and discharge multiplying powers and different SOCs according to the collected response voltage data. The invention realizes the test experiment of the multi-multiplying power mixed pulse charge and discharge internal resistance, can ensure short test time, less times and high precision, and is suitable for testing the SOC of a large range of batteries.

Description

Method for testing internal resistance of battery with same-ratio multi-multiplying power mixed pulse power characteristics
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of lithium ion batteries, in particular to a method for testing ohmic internal resistance and polarization internal resistance of a lithium ion battery.
Background
Lithium ion batteries are widely used in various fields such as electronic products, electric vehicles, electric energy storage and the like, and in order to ensure that the batteries are in a good working state, the battery characteristics of the lithium ion batteries are focused.
The internal resistance is a particularly important parameter in the characteristics of the lithium ion battery, can measure the difficulty of the transmission of electrons and lithium ions in the lithium ion battery in the battery, can directly reflect the health state and the service life of the lithium ion battery, and is a decisive parameter for measuring the irreversible heat of the battery. Therefore, the method has important practical significance for accurately and efficiently measuring the internal resistance of the battery under various working conditions.
The internal resistance of the battery comprises ohmic internal resistance and polarization internal resistance, and four main measurement methods are adopted: voltammetric characterization (U-I), open circuit voltage and operating voltage difference (OCV-CV), electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), and mixed pulse power characterization (HPPC). The HPPC method is derived from Freedom CAR project in the United states, and mainly aims at a battery for a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle, the power capability of the battery under the state of charge (SOC) of 10% -90% is tested, the power capability of 10s discharging pulse and 10s regenerating pulse can be obtained by using the method, and the charging and discharging pulse and the standing response voltage can be obtained by establishing the relation between the response voltage and current in the discharging, standing and charging periods. Compared with other three methods, the HPPC method not only needs simple experimental equipment, but also can accurately measure the charge-discharge ohmic internal resistance and the polarization internal resistance in one test process. The laboratory also proposes a battery internal resistance test method (hereinafter abbreviated as MHPPC method) based on the multi-multiplying power mixed pulse power characteristic of the HPPC method, and patent numbers: CN201910051472.2, the method still has the following problems:
(1) Because of the battery, capacity loss still exists during recharging of the battery at high rate; so that capacity loss still exists when testing under the condition of multiple multiplying powers and multiple SOCs;
(2) The method cannot measure the internal resistance of the battery with the SOC of 100%, and the decrement of the SOC is 10% each time, so that the method cannot meet the abundant testing requirements of customers.
(3) Because the current proportion of the discharge pulse and the regeneration pulse is inconsistent, two processes are required to be separated when the charge-discharge internal resistance is tested, and time waste still can be caused.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior HPPC method and the improvement of the HPPC for measuring the battery charging and discharging internal resistance, the invention provides a battery internal resistance test method of the same-ratio multi-rate mixed pulse power characteristic, which is used for realizing the test of the battery charging and discharging internal resistances at different percentages of SOC (system on chip), especially at multiple rates of 100 percent, in a one-time multi-rate mixed pulse charging and discharging internal resistance test experiment, reducing the times of internal resistance test, saving the internal resistance test time, improving the test precision and expanding the test range.
In order to achieve the aim, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
step 1: discharging the battery to 0% of SOC, standing for a period of time, recharging to 100% of SOC, and then fully standing;
step 2: the realization of the battery mixed pulse charge and discharge testing process:
step 2.1: at current I 1 Constant current discharge t of battery 2 After seconds, rest t 3 Second, wherein the second is;
step 2.2: at current I 2 Constant current charging t 4 After seconds, rest t 5 Second, wherein the second is;
collecting response voltage data of the battery in the whole battery mixed pulse charge-discharge test process from step 2.1 to step 2.2;
wherein I is 1 =I 2 =I min ,I 1 For discharging test pulse current, I 2 To charge and test pulse current, I min For the initial test current value, set by the user according to the battery manual, since the test is a pulse current test, the charge and discharge current of the battery may temporarily exceed the maximum charge and maximum discharge current, where I is set 1 、I 2 Should not exceed 3C; t' 1 Indicating the loading discharge current I 1 Time t' 2 Representing the current I 1 At the end of discharge, t' 3 Indicating the loading charging current I 2 Time t' 4 Representing the current I 2 Time t 'when charging is finished' 5 Indicating the moment of end of the rest, t 2 =t' 2 -t' 1 ;t 3 =t' 3 -t' 2 ;t 4 =t' 4 -t' 3 ;t 5 =t' 5 -t' 4
Step 3: and (3) multi-rate charge and discharge test: the current I in the step 2 1 And I 2 The value of (1) is according to a fixed proportion 1 :I 2 =1,I max For the maximum multiplying power of the test, delta I is the increment of the multiplying power of the test; repeating the battery mixed pulse charge and discharge testing process of the step 2 to form a multi-multiplying power charge and discharge testing process; wherein I is 1 、I max And ΔI, based on battery testing by the userSetting a manual;
step 4: discharging the battery at a constant current of 1C until the SOC of the battery is reduced by x%, and discharging the battery at a time t 1 After minutes, fully standing;
wherein t is 1 And x is of formula 1:
I e is rated current of battery, unit is mA, C Forehead (forehead) Is the rated capacity of the battery, and the unit is mAh and t 1 The discharge time is in minutes, x is the discharge SOC, and x is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 100;
step 5: step 2 to step 4 are repeated to test and collect response voltage data of the battery in the process of battery mixed pulse charge and discharge under different percentages of SOC;
the SOC of different percentages refers to that a user can select a proper SOC percentage between 100% and 0% according to the test requirement;
step 6: when the battery is discharged to the final SOC final After the test of (2) was completed, the battery was discharged to 0% SOC at a constant current of 1C;
wherein 0 is<SOC final <100, setting according to the requirements of a user;
step 7: and (3) according to the test in the step (1) to the step (5), obtaining response voltage data of the battery in the process of the battery mixed pulse charge and discharge test under the SOC of different percentages, and calculating the multi-multiplying power charge and discharge internal resistances of the battery under the SOC of different percentages.
In the step 2: rest time t 5 、t 3 At least the charge-discharge time t 2 、t 4 4 times of (i.e. satisfy t) 3 =t 5 ≥4t 2 =4t 4
The formula for calculating the multi-rate charge-discharge internal resistance in the step 7 is as follows:
in the method, in the process of the invention,represents the ohmic internal resistance of discharge, ">Represents the internal resistance of discharge electrode->Representing the total internal resistance of the discharge, < >>Representing the ohmic resistance of charge, ">Representing the internal resistance and->Representing the total internal resistance of the charge; i 1 Indicating discharge t of the battery 2 Electric for seconds periodFlow, I 2 Indicating the charge t of the battery 4 A current for a second period of time; wherein->Indicating the loading discharge current I 1 Before moment +.>Indicating the loading discharge current I 1 At a later time->Indicating the loading charging current I 2 Before moment +.>Indicating the loading charging current I 2 The time after the time; u (U) 1 、U 2 And U 3 Respectively indicate->And t' 2 Response voltage at moment, U 4 、U 5 And U 6 Respectively indicate->And t' 4 Response voltage at time.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. the invention realizes that in one-time multi-multiplying power mixed pulse charge-discharge internal resistance test experiment, the battery is tested for multiple multiplying power charge-discharge internal resistances under different percentages of SOC, compared with the prior HPPC method, the internal resistance test time is saved, the timeliness of the internal resistance test is improved, and the internal resistance test experiment times are reduced; compared with the MHPPC method, the capacity loss of the battery in the recharging process of the battery under high multiplying power is eliminated, and the testing precision is improved.
2. The invention increases the internal resistance measuring method when the SOC is 100%, can test the internal resistance of the battery when the SOC is different in gradient, and meets the abundant testing requirements of customers.
3. The discharge pulse and the regeneration pulse have the same current proportion, and the internal resistance of charge and discharge can be measured simultaneously in one-time mixed pulse experiment, so that the time is saved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for testing internal resistance of a battery with a same-ratio multi-rate mixed pulse power characteristic;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of charge-discharge pulse current and voltage response curves of a method for testing internal resistance of a battery with a same-ratio multi-rate mixed pulse power characteristic.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to the description of the examples.
Example 1
Three star 18650 ternary lithium ion batteries were used as subjects, with specific parameters provided by the manufacturer, as shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 three star 18650 ternary Battery specification parameters
Note that: current 1c=2.6a
The test is carried out according to the steps:
step 1: discharging the battery to a cut-off voltage of 2.75V at a constant current of 1C, counting the SOC of the battery to be 0%, standing for a period of time, charging to be full-charge by adopting a standard charging mode, namely charging to a cut-off voltage of 4.2V at a constant current of 0.5C, charging at a constant voltage of 4.2V at a working current of 1300mA, counting the SOC of the battery to be full-charge state until the charging current drops to a cut-off current of 26mA, and fully standing;
1C is defined as the current that the cell is discharged from a constant current at 100% SOC state to a 0% SOC state for 1 hour, e.g., 1c=2600ma for a three star battery; in general, a period of rest refers to 0.5 hours, and a sufficient period of rest refers to 1 hour; the purpose of standing for 1 hour is to bring the electrochemical reaction inside the cell to an equilibrium state.
Step 2: the realization of the battery mixed pulse charge and discharge testing process:
step 2.1: at current I 1 Constant current discharge t of battery 2 After seconds, rest t 3 Second, wherein the second is;
step 2.2: at current I 2 Constant current charging t 4 After seconds, rest t 5 Second, wherein the second is;
collecting response voltage data of the battery in the whole battery mixed pulse charge-discharge test process from step 2.1 to step 2.2;
wherein I is 1 =I 2 =I min ,I 1 For discharging test pulse current, I 2 To charge and test pulse current, I min For the initial test current value, set by the user according to the battery manual, since the test is a pulse current test, the charge and discharge current of the battery may temporarily exceed the maximum charge and maximum discharge current, where I is set 1 、I 2 Should not exceed 3C; t' 1 Indicating the loading discharge current I 1 Time t' 2 Representing the current I 1 At the end of discharge, t' 3 Indicating the loading charging current I 2 Time t' 4 Representing the current I 2 Time t 'when charging is finished' 5 Indicating the moment of end of the rest, t 2 =t' 2 -t' 1 ;t 3 =t' 3 -t' 2 ;t 4 =t' 4 -t' 3 ;t 5 =t' 5 -t' 4 ,t 3 =t 5 ≥4t 2 =4t 4
For example, for the three-star battery of this example, I 1 、I 2 Should not exceed 7800mA; if set t 2 、t 4 10s, t 5 、t 3 At least 40s;
step 3: and (3) multi-rate charge and discharge test: the current I in the step 2 1 And I 2 The value of (1) is according to a fixed proportion 1 :I 2 =1,I max For the maximum multiplying power of the test, delta I is the increment of the multiplying power of the test; repeating the battery mixed pulse charge and discharge testing process of the step 2 to form a multi-multiplying power charge and discharge testing process; wherein I is 1 、I max And the value of Δi is set by the user according to the battery test manual;
for example, according to current I 1 And I 2 The value of (2) is a fixed ratio, i.e.I 1 :I 2 =1, if the current I 1 Initial value I of min =0.25C,ΔI=0.25C,I max =1.25c, then current I 1 Sequentially adjusting to 0.25C, 0.5C, 0.75C, 1C, and 1.25C, at this time I 2 And the battery mixed pulse charge and discharge testing process of the step 2 is repeated to form a multi-multiplying power charge and discharge testing process, wherein the battery mixed pulse charge and discharge testing process is sequentially adjusted to 0.25C, 0.5C, 0.75C, 1C and 1.25C;
step 4: the SOC of the battery discharged to the battery at a constant current of 1C is reduced by x%, and the discharging time t is used 1 After minutes, fully standing;
wherein t is 1 And x is of formula 1:
I e is rated current of battery, unit is mA, C Forehead (forehead) Is the rated capacity of the battery, and the unit is mAh and t 1 The discharge time is in minutes, x is the discharge SOC, and x is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 100;
for example, SOC decreases by x=5%, t 1 Should be 3 minutes;
step 5: step 2 to step 4 are repeated to test and collect response voltage data of the battery in the process of battery mixed pulse charge and discharge under different percentages of SOC;
the SOC of different percentages refers to that a user can select a proper SOC percentage between 100% and 0% according to the test requirement;
for example, a test SOC gradient of 100%, 85%, 70%, 55%, 40%, 25%, 10% may be selected;
step 6: when electricity is generatedDischarging the cell to a final SOC final After the test of (2) was completed, the battery was discharged to 0% SOC at a constant current of 1C;
wherein, 0 percent<SOC final <100, setting according to the requirements of a user;
for example, the SOC may be selected final =10% as final test SOC;
step 7: and (3) according to the test in the step (1) to the step (5), obtaining response voltage data of the battery in the process of the battery mixed pulse charge and discharge test under the SOC of different percentages, and calculating the multi-multiplying power charge and discharge internal resistances of the battery under the SOC of different percentages.
The formula for calculating the ohmic internal resistance and the polarized internal resistance of the battery under the multi-rate charge and discharge in the step 7 is as follows:
in the method, in the process of the invention,indicating discharge EuropeInternal resistance of the body>Represents the internal resistance of discharge electrode->Representing the total internal resistance of the discharge, < >>Representing the ohmic resistance of charge, ">Representing the internal resistance and->Representing the total internal resistance of the charge; i 1 Indicating discharge t of the battery 2 Current in second period, I 2 Indicating the charge t of the battery 4 A current for a second period of time; wherein->Indicating the loading discharge current I 1 Before moment +.>Indicating the loading discharge current I 1 At a later time->Indicating the loading charging current I 2 Before moment +.>Indicating the loading charging current I 2 The time after the time; u (U) 1 、U 2 And U 3 Respectively indicate->And t' 2 Response voltage at moment, U 4 、U 5 And U 6 Respectively indicate->And t' 4 Response voltage at time.
In this specification, it should be noted that the above embodiments are merely representative examples of the present invention. It will be evident that the invention is not limited to the particular embodiments disclosed above, but is capable of numerous modifications, variations and modifications. The specification and drawings are, accordingly, to be regarded in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense. Any simple modification, equivalent variation and modification of the above embodiments according to the technical substance of the present invention should be considered to be within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. The method is mainly used for testing the charge and discharge internal resistances of the battery under different SOC and different charge and discharge multiplying powers, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: discharging the battery to 0% of SOC, standing for a period of time, recharging to 100% of SOC, and then fully standing;
step 2: the realization of the battery mixed pulse charge and discharge testing process:
step 2.1: at current I 1 Constant current discharge t of battery 2 After seconds, stand still t 3 Second, wherein the second is;
step 2.2: at current I 2 Constant current charging t 4 After seconds, stand still t 5 Second, wherein the second is;
collecting response voltage data of the battery in the whole battery mixed pulse charge-discharge test process from step 2.1 to step 2.2;
wherein I is 1 =I 2 =I min ,I 1 For discharging test pulse current, I 2 To charge and test pulse current, I min For the initial test current value, set by the user according to the battery manual, since the test is a pulse current test, the charge and discharge current of the battery can temporarily exceed the maximum charge and maximum discharge current, here set I 1 、I 2 Should not exceed 3C; t' 1 Indicating the loading discharge current I 1 Time t' 2 Representing the current I 1 At the end of discharge, t' 3 Indicating the loading charging current I 2 Time t' 4 Representing the current I 2 Time t 'when charging is finished' 5 T represents the time of ending the standing 2 =t' 2 -t' 1 ;t 3 =t' 3 -t' 2 ;t 4 =t' 4 -t' 3 ;t 5 =t' 5 -t' 4
Step 3: and (3) multi-rate charge and discharge test: the current I in the step 2 1 And I 2 The value of (1) is according to a fixed proportion 1 :I 2 =1,I max For the maximum multiplying power of the test, deltaI is the interval of the testing multiplying power; repeating the battery mixed pulse charge and discharge testing process of the step 2 to form a multi-multiplying power charge and discharge testing process; wherein I is 1 、I max And the value of Δi is set by the user according to the battery test manual;
step 4: discharging the battery at a constant current of 1C until the SOC of the battery is reduced by x%, and discharging the battery at a time t 1 After minutes, fully standing;
wherein t is 1 And x is of formula 1:
wherein I is Forehead (forehead) Is rated current of battery, unit is mA, C Forehead (forehead) Is the rated capacity of the battery, and the unit is mAh and t 1 The discharge time is in minutes, x is the discharge SOC, and x is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 100;
step 5: step 2 to step 4 are repeated to test and collect response voltage data of the battery in the process of battery mixed pulse charge and discharge under different percentages of SOC;
the SOC of different percentages refers to that a user can select a proper SOC percentage between 100% and 0% according to the test requirement;
step 6: when the battery is discharged to the final SOC final After the test of (2) was completed, the battery was subjected to a constant current of 1CDischarging to 0% SOC;
wherein 0 is<SOC final <100, setting according to the requirements of a user;
step 7: and (3) according to the test in the step (1) to the step (5), obtaining response voltage data of the battery in the process of the battery mixed pulse charge and discharge test under the SOC of different percentages, and calculating the multi-multiplying power charge and discharge internal resistances of the battery under the SOC of different percentages.
2. The method for testing the internal resistance of the battery with the same-ratio multi-rate mixed pulse power characteristics, which is disclosed in claim 1, is characterized in that: in step 2 with current I 1 Constant current discharge t of battery 2 After seconds, stand still t 3 Second, with current I 2 Constant current charging t 4 After seconds, stand still t 5 Second, wherein the second is; wherein the standing time t 5 t 3 At least the charge-discharge time t 2 t 4 4 times of (i.e. satisfy t) 3 =t 5 ≥4t 2 =4t 4
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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106125000A (en) * 2016-08-18 2016-11-16 中国电力科学研究院 A kind of method of testing of lithium battery ohmic internal resistance based on dipulse electric current
CN107765184A (en) * 2017-09-30 2018-03-06 常州车之翼动力科技有限公司 Dynamic lithium battery DC internal resistance detection method
CN110988713A (en) * 2018-08-15 2020-04-10 深圳市比克动力电池有限公司 Method for testing pulse current capability of lithium ion battery

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106125000A (en) * 2016-08-18 2016-11-16 中国电力科学研究院 A kind of method of testing of lithium battery ohmic internal resistance based on dipulse electric current
CN107765184A (en) * 2017-09-30 2018-03-06 常州车之翼动力科技有限公司 Dynamic lithium battery DC internal resistance detection method
CN110988713A (en) * 2018-08-15 2020-04-10 深圳市比克动力电池有限公司 Method for testing pulse current capability of lithium ion battery

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