CN113109641A - Line capacity-increasing safety control system based on pretesting - Google Patents
Line capacity-increasing safety control system based on pretesting Download PDFInfo
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- CN113109641A CN113109641A CN202110241362.XA CN202110241362A CN113109641A CN 113109641 A CN113109641 A CN 113109641A CN 202110241362 A CN202110241362 A CN 202110241362A CN 113109641 A CN113109641 A CN 113109641A
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
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- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of electric power, in particular to a line capacity-increasing safety control system based on pretesting, which comprises a pretesting system, a monitoring system and a control center, wherein the pretesting system obtains a function relation between the temperature of an outer sheath of a cable and the temperature of a conductor; the monitoring system comprises a temperature monitor and an environment monitor which are arranged along the cable; the control center is in communication connection with the dispatching center, periodically reads the real-time load L of the target cable, associates the cable load L with the temperature Tf of the outer sheath of the cable, the ambient temperature Te and the humidity Da obtained by the monitoring system, obtains sample data, and obtains the dynamic maximum load Ld of the cable as the upper limit of capacity expansion. The substantial effects of the invention are as follows: the functional relation between the temperature of the outer sheath of the cable and the temperature of the conductor is obtained through pretesting, so that the capacity-increasing upper limit of the cable can be quickly obtained, and the safety and the reliability of the cable can be guaranteed by monitoring the state of the cable.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electric power, in particular to a line capacity-increasing safety control system based on pretesting.
Background
Because the loop of the power transmission line is long and the channel environment is complex, when one line is designed, a design unit usually adopts wires with various sections according to the environmental conditions. The unreasonable selection of the sections of partial line conductors cannot meet the rapidly-increased load demand, and the device becomes restrictive equipment for limiting the power supply capacity of a regional power grid. The dynamic capacity increasing technology is that an on-line monitoring device is installed on a power transmission line to monitor the state of a lead and meteorological conditions, the maximum allowable current-carrying capacity of the lead is calculated according to a mathematical model on the premise of not breaking through the regulation of the existing technical regulations, the objectively hidden capacity of the line is fully utilized, and the transmission capacity of the power transmission line is improved.
For example, chinese patent CN105162156B, published 2018, 12 and 18, a method for improving transmission capacity of a power grid based on a dual MMC current converter, comprising: constructing a voltage source converter and a voltage current regulator; the voltage source converter comprises a transmitting end voltage source converter and a receiving end voltage source converter, and the voltage current regulator comprises a transmitting end voltage current regulator and a receiving end voltage current regulator; connecting a transmitting end voltage source converter between a transmitting end alternating current system and a transmitting end voltage current regulator, and connecting a receiving end voltage source converter between a receiving end alternating current system and a receiving end voltage current regulator; the voltage regulator of the transmitting terminal is connected with the voltage regulator of the receiving terminal through an alternating current cable. It does not effectively exploit the transmission potential of existing lines.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the problem of lack of effective cable capacity-increasing technology at present. The system provides capacity of cable capacity increase according to the pretest and on-line monitoring, and improves the power transmission capacity of the existing cable on the premise of ensuring the safety of the cable.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a line capacity-increasing safety control system based on a pretest comprises a pretest system, a monitoring system and a control center, wherein the pretest system is used for constructing the environmental temperature Te and the humidity Da of cable operation to obtain the functional relation Tc = H (Tf, Te and Da) of the temperature of a cable outer sheath and the temperature of a conductor, wherein Tc is the temperature of the conductor, and Tf is the temperature of the cable outer sheath; the monitoring system comprises a temperature monitor and an environment monitor which are arranged along the cable, the temperature monitor monitors the temperature of the outer sheath of the cable, the environment monitor monitors the environment temperature Te and the humidity Da near the cable, and the temperature monitor and the environment monitor are both connected with the control center; the control center is in communication connection with the dispatching center, periodically reads the real-time load L of the target cable, associates the cable load L with the cable outer sheath temperature Tf, the environment temperature Te and the humidity Da obtained by the monitoring system to obtain sample data, constructs a function Tc = G (L, Te, Da) after obtaining enough sample data, obtains the dynamic maximum load Ld of the cable according to the current environment temperature Te and the humidity Da, enables the dynamic maximum load Ld to enable G (Ld, Te, Da) = Tc _ max, and the Tc _ max is the upper limit value of the working temperature of the cable, periodically feeds the dynamic maximum load Ld back to the dispatching center by the control center to serve as the upper limit of capacity expansion, periodically calculates the conductor temperature Tc according to (Tf, Te, Da) by the control center, if Tc is greater than k.Tc _ max, k is a safety factor, and k is less, the control center sends an alarm to the dispatch center and instructs the dispatch center to reduce the cable load L. The method has the advantages that the functional relation between the temperature of the cable outer sheath and the temperature of the conductor is obtained through pretesting, the method can be more suitable for complex and changeable environments compared with the method for establishing thermal model calculation, the efficiency is higher, the temperature of the cable conductor can be obtained in real time by monitoring the temperature and the environment of the cable outer sheath in real time, the temperature is associated with the load L, the functional relation between the cable load and the conductor temperature can be directly obtained, and then the load of the cable when the conductor temperature reaches the upper limit is obtained, namely the upper limit of cable capacity increasing. According to the scheme, the upper limit of cable capacity increase can be quickly obtained, and the safety and reliability of the cable can be guaranteed by monitoring the state of the cable.
Preferably, the cable comprises an overhead cable and a through-well cable, the monitoring system comprises an infrared temperature monitor and a thermocouple temperature monitor, the infrared temperature monitor is mounted on the tower and comprises an infrared image temperature measuring unit and a communication module, the infrared image temperature measuring unit shoots infrared images of the cables on two sides of the tower and converts the infrared images into a temperature distribution diagram, the infrared image temperature measuring unit is connected with the communication module, and the communication unit is connected with the control center; the thermocouple temperature monitor comprises a control unit, a voltmeter, a current source, a resistor R0, a convergence belt and a plurality of annular belt, the convergence belt comprises a rubber sheath, a positive wire, a negative wire and a grounding wire, the convergence belt is arranged in parallel with the cable, the annular belt comprises a rubber annular belt, a puncture head, a detection circuit and a thermistor, the rubber annular belt is wound outside the cable, the thermistor is positioned between the rubber annular belt and the cable, the puncture head and the thermistor are both connected with the detection circuit, the puncture head punctures the rubber sheath of the convergence belt, the puncture head is provided with three puncture heads, the three puncture heads are respectively connected with the positive wire, the negative wire and the grounding wire, the positive wire is connected with a resistor R0, a resistor R0 is connected with the positive electrode of the voltmeter and the current source, and the negative electrodes of the negative wire, the negative electrode, the grounding wire, the negative electrode of the voltmeter and the current source are, and the voltage meter current collecting sources are all connected with the control unit. Infrared temperature monitors and thermocouple temperature monitors are capable of monitoring the temperature of the outer jacket of the cable. Through the mode of gathering area and loop tape, be fit for the cable full line and carry out temperature monitoring, gather the area and lay along the cable, every interval is a distance around the loop tape on the cable to through puncture head loop tape and gathering the area intercommunication, improve and lay efficiency.
Preferably, the detection circuit includes a resistor R1, a resistor R3, a resistor R4, a resistor R5, an electronic switch K1, and an electronic switch K2, the resistor R1 is connected in series with the electronic switch K1 to form a first detection arm, the thermistor Rf is connected in series with the electronic switch K2 to form a second detection arm, both ends of the first detection arm and the second detection arm are connected to the positive electrode line and the negative electrode line, respectively, the resistor R3, the resistor R4, and the resistor R5 are connected in series to form a voltage division resistor string, the voltage division resistor string is connected between the positive electrode line and the ground line, the resistor R3 is close to the positive electrode line, the resistor R5 is close to the ground line, the control terminal of the electronic switch K1 is connected between the resistor R3 and the resistor R4, and the control terminal of the electronic switch K2 is connected between the resistor. The resistors R3, R4 and R5 are used for voltage division, so that when the current value given by the current source is increased from small to large, the electronic switch K1 and the electronic switch K2 are sequentially conducted after obtaining sufficient divided voltage, when the electronic switch K1 and the electronic switch K2 are sequentially conducted, the voltage value detected by the voltmeter is divided by the current given by the current source to obtain a total resistor, the change of the total resistor is the resistance value change quantity before and after the resistor R1 and the thermistor Rf are connected in parallel, the resistor R1 is known, and then the value of the thermistor Rf can be obtained, namely the temperature value at the thermistor Rf is obtained.
Preferably, the pretest system comprises a test cable, a liquid injection head, a liquid injection pipe, a liquid return head, a liquid return pipe, a liquid tank, a liquid injection pump, a heater, an in-tank temperature sensor, an inlet temperature sensor, an outlet temperature sensor, a plurality of sheath temperature sensors and a controller, wherein the test cable has a preset length L, two ends of the test cable are exposed, a through hole is processed in the middle of a conductor of the test cable, the wall thickness of the conductor of the cable after the through hole is processed is marked as sigma, one end of the liquid injection pipe is connected with the liquid injection pump, the liquid injection pump is connected with the liquid tank, the liquid injection head is used for communicating the liquid injection pipe with the through hole at one end of the conductor of the cable, the liquid return head is used for communicating the liquid return pipe with the through hole at the other end of the conductor of the cable, the liquid return pipe is connected with the liquid tank, the heater is installed in, the temperature sensor is installed on the liquid injection head, detects the temperature of liquid in the liquid injection head, the outlet temperature sensor is installed on the liquid return head, detects the temperature of liquid in the liquid return head, and a plurality of sheath temperature sensors are installed on the outer sheath of the toilet cable to detect the temperature on the outer sheath, and the liquid injection pump, the heater, the temperature sensor in the tank, the inlet temperature sensor, the outlet temperature sensor and the plurality of sheath temperature sensors are all connected with the controller. The liquid heated to the preset temperature is used for enabling the conductor temperature of the cable to reach the preset temperature, the conductor does not need to be heated through large current, energy is saved, and safety is improved. And (3) introducing the liquid heated to the preset temperature into the test cable, maintaining for a period of time, so that the temperature of the cable can reach a stable state, detecting the temperature at the moment, and obtaining the heat dissipation condition of the test cable, thereby obtaining the heat dissipation model of the cable. Through the velocity meter and the feedback control to the liquid injection pump, the velocity of flow of liquid can be stabilized, and the interference and the error of the test are reduced.
Preferably, still install the agitator in the liquid tank, the agitator includes stirring rod, stirring leaf and agitator motor, the stirring rod rotates with the liquid tank to be connected, agitator motor installs outside the liquid tank, the stirring leaf is installed on the stirring rod, the stirring rod passes the liquid tank and is connected with agitator motor.
Preferably, the heater comprises a front heating sheet set and a rear heating sheet set, the temperature sensor in the tank comprises a tank temperature sensor and a middle temperature sensor, the tank temperature sensor is installed near the liquid return pipe and the liquid tank connecting port, the middle temperature sensor is installed in the middle of the liquid tank, the front heating sheet set is installed between the tank temperature sensor and the middle temperature sensor, the rear heating sheet set is installed between the middle temperature sensor and the liquid injection pump, and the tank temperature sensor and the middle temperature sensor are both connected with the controller. The liquid which is just refluxed and is cooler is arranged near the front heating sheet group, the temperature should be rapidly increased, the rear heating sheet group can avoid uneven heating, and the temperature balance is improved.
Preferably, the front heating plate group and the rear heating plate group both comprise a plurality of heating plates arranged in parallel, the arrangement distance of the heating plates of the front heating plate group is larger than that of the rear heating plate group, the cross section area of the heating plates of the front heating plate group is larger than that of the rear heating plate group, and the number of the heating plates of the rear heating plate group is larger than that of the front heating plate group.
Preferably, the pretesting system further comprises a temperature compensator, the temperature compensator is installed on the liquid injection pipe, the temperature compensator comprises a shell, a compensation cylinder, a sliding plug, a compensation spring, a liquid supplementing pipe, a locking head, a front temperature sensor and a rear temperature sensor, the shell is installed on the liquid injection pipe, the compensation cylinder is installed in the shell, one end of the compensation cylinder is open and the other end of the compensation cylinder is closed, the open end of the compensation cylinder is communicated with the liquid injection pipe, the sliding plug is installed in the compensation cylinder, the sliding plug is abutted to the inner wall of the compensation cylinder, one end of the compensation spring is fixedly connected with the sliding plug, the other end of the compensation spring is fixedly connected with the closed end of the compensation cylinder, one end of the liquid supplementing pipe is communicated with the part of the cylinder close to the closed end, the other end of the liquid supplementing pipe is communicated with the liquid injection pipe, the locking, the compensating spring both ends are passed through the wire and are connected with electronic switch K1 and power VT1, leading temperature sensor installs on annotating the liquid pipe, leading temperature sensor is located one side that a compensation section of thick bamboo is close to the infusion pump, front end temperature sensor installs the position that a compensation section of thick bamboo is close to annotating the liquid pipe, rear end temperature sensor installs the position that a compensation section of thick bamboo is close to the fluid infusion pipe, electronic switch K1 control end, locking head, leading temperature sensor, front end temperature sensor and rear end temperature sensor all are connected with the controller. The temperature compensator can make the liquid temperature more uniform, and the accuracy of the cable heat dissipation model is improved. The liquid in the liquid tank is heated to reach the preset temperature, and the liquid at each part cannot be heated by the heater, so that the temperature of the liquid is unevenly distributed. But the temperature difference is not large, and the temperature compensator can compensate the non-uniformity of the temperature distribution. The spring is electrified to contract, and the contraction quantity of the spring is related to the magnitude of the current passing through the spring. Through the closed duty cycle of PWM mode control electronic switch K1, can control the electric current size that flows through compensating spring, and then control compensating spring's shrinkage, front end temperature sensor position is low temperature liquid, and rear end temperature sensor position is high temperature liquid, and when compensating spring shrinkage increased, can impress high temperature liquid and annotate the liquid pipe, otherwise, when compensating spring shrinkage reduced, can impress low temperature liquid and annotate the liquid pipe, and then the compensation annotates the distribution inhomogeneity of intraductal temperature of liquid. The locking head is locked to enable the sliding plug not to move, the locking head can use an electromagnetic lock, an electric push rod and the like, then the compensation spring is electrified to enable the compensation spring to generate heat, and the effect of heating liquid at the position of the rear-end temperature sensor is achieved.
Preferably, the locking head comprises a locking pipe, a locking block and a locking spring, the locking pipe is mounted on the compensation cylinder, the locking block is connected with the locking pipe in a sliding mode, one end of the locking spring is fixedly connected with the locking block, the other end of the locking spring is fixedly connected with the locking pipe, the compensation cylinder is provided with a hole for the locking block to pass through, the position of the locking block corresponds to that of the sliding plug, two ends of the locking spring are connected with the electronic switch K2 and the power supply VT2 through conducting wires, and the control end of the electronic switch K2 is connected with the controller.
Preferably, the pretesting system further comprises a pressure regulator, the pressure regulator is installed on the liquid injection pipe, the pressure regulator comprises a base body and a hydraulic sensor, a plurality of parallel adjusting barrels are processed on the base body, one end opening end of each adjusting barrel is closed, the opening end of each adjusting barrel is communicated with the liquid injection pipe, the hydraulic sensor is installed on the liquid injection pipe to detect the liquid pressure in the liquid injection pipe, an adjusting spring and an adjusting slide block are arranged in each adjusting barrel, the adjusting slide block is slidably installed in the adjusting barrel and abutted against the inner wall of the adjusting barrel, one end of each adjusting spring is fixedly connected with the corresponding adjusting slide block, the other end of each adjusting spring is connected with the closed end of the corresponding adjusting barrel, two ends of each adjusting spring are connected with an electronic switch K3 and a power supply VT3 through leads, and the part, between the adjusting slide block and the liquid injection pipe, and the control ends of the hydraulic sensor and the electronic switch K3 are connected with a controller.
As preferred, the pretesting system still includes the environmental simulation case, the environmental simulation case includes box, fan, circulation wind channel, air heater, air-cooler, humidifier, dehumidifier, temperature and humidity sensor, anemograph and control module, the box is airtight, the both ends of box are connected respectively to circulation wind channel both ends, fan, air heater with, air-cooler, humidifier and dehumidifier are all installed in the circulation wind channel, temperature and humidity sensor installs in the box, detects the humiture of the internal air of box, the anemograph is installed in the box, the velocity of flow of the internal air of anemograph detection box, fan, circulation wind channel, air heater, air-cooler, humidifier, dehumidifier, temperature and humidity sensor and anemograph all are connected with control module. The environment simulation box can simulate the environment humiture and the wind speed, and provides a test environment close to reality.
Preferably, the pretest system performs the steps of: A) setting a plurality of groups of test parameters in a pre-test system, wherein the test parameters comprise ambient temperature, ambient humidity, wind speed and liquid temperature, detecting the temperature of the outer sheath under each group of test parameters, and taking the temperature of the outer sheath and the test parameters as sample data; B) step A), after obtaining a sufficient amount of sample data, performing function fitting to obtain a function of conductor temperature to outer sheath temperature, environment humidity and wind speed as a detection function, wherein the conductor temperature is liquid temperature; C) in actual monitoring, obtaining the environmental temperature, the environmental humidity, the wind speed and the outer sheath temperature of a target cable, obtaining the conductor temperature of the cable according to a detection function, reading the load of the cable at the moment, recording the environmental temperature, the environmental humidity, the wind speed, the load and the conductor temperature, associating the conductor temperature with the environmental temperature, the environmental humidity, the wind speed and the load to serve as second sample data, and if the conductor temperature exceeds a set threshold value, giving an alarm; D) after enough second sample data is obtained, performing function fitting to obtain a function of the conductor temperature to the load, the environment temperature, the environment humidity and the wind speed as a derivation function; E) according to the derivation function, when the conductor temperature is equal to the upper limit temperature, the functions of the load on the environment temperature, the environment humidity and the wind speed are obtained and used as the upper limit derivation function; F) and periodically obtaining the environmental temperature, the environmental humidity and the wind speed of the target cable, and obtaining the dynamic maximum load of the cable in the period according to an upper limit derivation function, wherein the dynamic maximum load is the dynamic capacity-increasing upper limit.
The substantial effects of the invention are as follows: the method has the advantages that the functional relation between the temperature of the cable outer sheath and the temperature of the conductor is obtained through pretesting, the method can be more suitable for complex and changeable environments compared with the method for establishing thermal model calculation, the efficiency is higher, the temperature of the cable conductor can be obtained in real time by monitoring the temperature and the environment of the cable outer sheath in real time, the temperature is associated with the load L, the functional relation between the cable load and the conductor temperature can be directly obtained, and then the load of the cable when the conductor temperature reaches the upper limit is obtained, namely the upper limit of cable capacity increasing. According to the scheme, the upper limit of cable capacity increase can be quickly obtained, and the safety and reliability of the cable can be guaranteed by monitoring the state of the cable.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a pretest system according to an embodiment.
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a test cable according to an embodiment.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a temperature compensator according to an embodiment.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a pressure regulator according to an embodiment.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a thermocouple temperature monitor according to an embodiment.
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a thermocouple temperature monitor according to an embodiment.
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a detection circuit according to an embodiment.
Wherein: 100. the testing cable comprises 101 a testing cable body, 102 a sheath layer, 102 an armor layer, 103 a lining layer, 104 a conductor, 105 an insulating layer, 200 a pipeline, 301 a liquid injection head, 302 a liquid injection pipe, 303 a liquid return pipe, 400 a temperature compensator, 401 a compensation spring, 402 a sliding plug, 403 a compensation cylinder, 404 a locking block, 405 a locking spring, 406 a locking pipe, 407 a liquid supplementing pipe, 408 a shell, 500 a pressure regulator, 501 a regulating spring, 502 a regulating cylinder, 503 a regulating slider, 504 a liquid storage section, 505 a base body, 611 a collecting belt, 612, a cushion block, 613 a negative wire, 614 a grounding wire, 615 a positive wire, 621 a loop wire belt, 622, a thermistor, a puncture, a head, 624 and a supporting block.
Detailed Description
The following provides a more detailed description of the present invention, with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The first embodiment is as follows:
a line capacity-increasing safety control system based on a pretest comprises a pretest system, a monitoring system and a control center, wherein the pretest system constructs the environment temperature Te and the humidity Da of cable operation to obtain the functional relation Tc = H (Tf, Te, Da) of the temperature of a cable outer sheath and the conductor temperature, wherein Tc is the conductor temperature, and Tf is the temperature of the cable outer sheath; the monitoring system comprises a temperature monitor and an environment monitor which are arranged along the cable, the temperature monitor monitors the temperature of the outer sheath of the cable, the environment monitor monitors the environment temperature Te and the humidity Da near the cable, and the temperature monitor and the environment monitor are both connected with the control center; the control center is in communication connection with the dispatching center, periodically reads the real-time load L of the target cable, associates the cable load L with the cable outer sheath temperature Tf, the environment temperature Te and the humidity Da obtained by the monitoring system to obtain sample data, constructs a function Tc = G (L, Te, Da) after obtaining enough sample data, obtains the dynamic maximum load Ld of the cable according to the current environment temperature Te and the humidity Da, enables the dynamic maximum load Ld to enable G (Ld, Te, Da) = Tc _ max and Tc _ max to be the upper limit value of the working temperature of the cable, periodically feeds the dynamic maximum load Ld back to the dispatching center as the upper limit of capacity expansion by the control center, periodically calculates the conductor temperature Tc according to (Tf, Te, Da) by the control center, if Tc is greater than k.Tc _ max, k is a safety factor, and k is less than 1, the control center sends an alarm to the dispatch center and instructs the dispatch center to reduce the cable load L. The method has the advantages that the functional relation between the temperature of the cable outer sheath and the temperature of the conductor is obtained through pretesting, the method can be more suitable for complex and changeable environments compared with the method for establishing thermal model calculation, the efficiency is higher, the temperature of the cable conductor can be obtained in real time by monitoring the temperature and the environment of the cable outer sheath in real time, the temperature is associated with the load L, the functional relation between the cable load and the conductor temperature can be directly obtained, and then the load of the cable when the conductor temperature reaches the upper limit is obtained, namely the upper limit of cable capacity increasing.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the pretest system comprises a test cable 100, a liquid injection head 301, a liquid injection pipe 302, a liquid return head, a liquid return pipe 303, a liquid tank, a liquid injection pump, a heater, an in-tank temperature sensor, an inlet temperature sensor, an outlet temperature sensor, a plurality of sheath temperature sensors and a controller, wherein the test cable 100 has a preset length L, the test cable 100 sequentially comprises a sheath layer 101, an armor layer 102, an inner liner 103 and a plurality of conductors 104 covered with an insulating layer 105 from outside to inside, two ends of the test cable 100 are exposed, a through hole is processed in the middle of the conductor of the test cable 100, the wall thickness of the conductor after the through hole is processed is marked as sigma, one end of the liquid injection pipe 302 is connected with the liquid injection pump, the liquid injection pump is connected with the liquid tank, the liquid injection head 301 connects the liquid return pipe 302 with the through hole at one end of the cable conductor, the liquid return head connects the liquid return pipe, the heater is installed in the liquid tank, incasement temperature sensor installs in the liquid tank, detect the temperature of liquid incasement liquid, entry temperature sensor installs on annotating liquid head 301, detect the temperature of liquid in annotating liquid head 301, exit temperature sensor installs at returning liquid overhead, detect the temperature of liquid in the liquid head that returns, a plurality of sheath temperature sensor installs on lavatory cable oversheath, detect the temperature on the oversheath, the priming pump, the heater, incasement temperature sensor, entry temperature sensor, exit temperature sensor and a plurality of sheath temperature sensor all are connected with the controller. The liquid heated to the preset temperature is used for enabling the conductor temperature of the cable to reach the preset temperature, the conductor does not need to be heated through large current, energy is saved, and safety is improved. And (3) introducing the liquid heated to the preset temperature into the test cable 100, and maintaining for a period of time, so that the temperature of the cable can reach a stable state, and detecting the temperature at the moment can obtain the heat dissipation condition of the test cable 100, thereby obtaining the heat dissipation model of the cable. Through the velocity meter and the feedback control to the liquid injection pump, the velocity of flow of liquid can be stabilized, and the interference and the error of the test are reduced.
Still install the agitator in the liquid tank, the agitator includes stirring rod, stirring leaf and agitator motor, and the stirring rod rotates with the liquid tank to be connected, and agitator motor installs outside the liquid tank, and the stirring leaf is installed on the stirring rod, and the stirring rod passes the liquid tank and is connected with agitator motor.
The heater includes leading heating plate group and rearmounted heating plate group, and incasement temperature sensor includes into case temperature sensor and middle part temperature sensor, and income case temperature sensor installs near liquid return pipe 303 and liquid case connector, and middle part temperature sensor installs at the liquid case middle part, and leading heating plate group installs between income case temperature sensor and middle part temperature sensor, and rearmounted heating plate group installs between middle part temperature sensor and notes liquid pump, and income case temperature sensor and middle part temperature sensor all are connected with the controller. The liquid which is just refluxed and is cooler is arranged near the front heating sheet group, the temperature should be rapidly increased, the rear heating sheet group can avoid uneven heating, and the temperature balance is improved.
The front heating plate group and the rear heating plate group respectively comprise a plurality of heating plates which are arranged in parallel, the arrangement distance of the heating plates of the front heating plate group is larger than that of the rear heating plate group, the cross section area of the heating plates of the front heating plate group is larger than that of the rear heating plate group, and the number of the heating plates of the rear heating plate group is larger than that of the front heating plate group.
The pretest system further comprises a temperature compensator 400, as shown in fig. 3, the temperature compensator 400 is mounted on the liquid injection pipe 302, the temperature compensator 400 comprises a shell 408, a compensation cylinder 403, a sliding plug 402, a compensation spring 401, a liquid supplementing pipe 407, a locking head, a front temperature sensor and a rear temperature sensor, the shell 408 is mounted on the liquid injection pipe 302, the compensation cylinder 403 is mounted in the shell 408, one end of the compensation cylinder 403 is open and the other end of the compensation cylinder 403 is closed, the open end of the compensation cylinder 403 is communicated with the liquid injection pipe 302, the sliding plug 402 is mounted in the compensation cylinder 403, the sliding plug 402 is abutted against the inner wall of the compensation cylinder 403, one end of the compensation spring 401 is fixedly connected with the sliding plug 402, the other end of the compensation spring 401 is fixedly connected with the closed end of the compensation cylinder 403, one end of the liquid supplementing pipe 407 is communicated with the part of the cylinder close to the closed end, the other end of the liquid supplementing, the two ends of the compensation spring 401 are connected with an electronic switch K1 and a power supply VT1 through conducting wires, the front temperature sensor is installed on the liquid injection pipe 302 and is positioned on one side of the compensation cylinder 403 close to the liquid injection pump, the front temperature sensor is installed at the position of the compensation cylinder 403 close to the liquid injection pipe 302, the rear temperature sensor is installed at the position of the compensation cylinder 403 close to the liquid supplement pipe 407, and the control end, the locking head, the front temperature sensor and the rear temperature sensor of the electronic switch K1 are all connected with the controller. The temperature compensator 400 can make the liquid temperature more uniform, and the accuracy of the cable heat dissipation model is improved. The liquid in the liquid tank is heated to reach the preset temperature, and the liquid at each part cannot be heated by the heater, so that the temperature of the liquid is unevenly distributed. However, the temperature difference is not large, and the temperature compensator 400 can compensate for the unevenness of the temperature distribution. The spring is electrified to contract, and the contraction quantity of the spring is related to the magnitude of the current passing through the spring. Through the closed duty cycle of PWM mode control electronic switch K1, can control the electric current size that flows through compensating spring 401, and then control compensating spring 401's shrinkage, front end temperature sensor position is low temperature liquid, rear end temperature sensor position is high temperature liquid, when compensating spring 401 shrinkage increases, can impress high temperature liquid and annotate liquid pipe 302, otherwise, when compensating spring 401 shrinkage reduces, can impress low temperature liquid and annotate liquid pipe 302, and then the distribution inhomogeneity of temperature in the compensation notes liquid pipe 302. The locking head is locked to enable the sliding plug 402 not to move, the locking head can use an electromagnetic lock, an electric push rod and the like, then the compensation spring 401 is electrified to enable the compensation spring 401 to generate heat, and the effect of heating liquid at the position of the rear-end temperature sensor is achieved.
The locking head comprises a locking pipe 406, a locking block 404 and a locking spring 405, the locking pipe 406 is mounted on a compensation cylinder 403, the locking block 404 is connected with the locking pipe 406 in a sliding mode, one end of the locking spring 405 is fixedly connected with the locking block 404, the other end of the locking spring 405 is fixedly connected with the locking pipe 406, a hole for the locking block 404 to pass through is formed in the compensation cylinder 403, the position of the locking block 404 corresponds to that of the sliding plug 402, two ends of the locking spring 405 are connected with an electronic switch K2 and a power supply VT2 through conducting wires, and the control end of the electronic switch K2 is connected with a controller.
The pretest system further comprises a pressure regulator 500, as shown in fig. 4, the pressure regulator 500 is installed on the liquid injection pipe 302, the pressure regulator 500 comprises a base 505 and a hydraulic sensor, a plurality of parallel adjusting cylinders 502 are processed on the base 505, one end of each adjusting cylinder 502 is open and the other end is closed, the open end of each adjusting cylinder 502 is communicated with the liquid injection pipe 302, the hydraulic sensor is installed on the liquid injection pipe 302 and is used for detecting the liquid pressure in the liquid injection pipe 302, an adjusting spring 501 and an adjusting slider 503 are arranged in the adjusting cylinder 502, the adjusting slider 503 is slidably installed in the adjusting cylinder 502, the adjusting slider 503 is abutted against the inner wall of the adjusting cylinder 502, one end of the adjusting spring 501 is fixedly connected with the adjusting slider 503, the other end of the adjusting spring 501 is connected with the closed end of the adjusting cylinder 502, two ends of the adjusting spring 501 are connected with an electronic switch K3 and a power supply VT3 through conducting wires, the control ends of the hydraulic sensor and the electronic switch K3 are connected with the controller.
The pretesting system further comprises an environment simulation box, the environment simulation box comprises a box body, a fan, a circulating air channel, a hot air blower, an air cooler, a humidifier, a dehumidifier, a temperature and humidity sensor, an anemometer and a control module, the box body is closed, two ends of the circulating air channel are respectively connected with two ends of the box body, the fan, the hot air blower, the air cooler, the humidifier and the dehumidifier are all installed in the circulating air channel, the temperature and humidity sensor is installed in the box body, the temperature and humidity of the air in the box body are detected, the anemometer is installed in the box body, the anemometer detects the flow velocity of the air in the box body, and the fan, the circulating air channel, the hot air blower, the air. The environment simulation box can simulate the environment humiture and the wind speed, and provides a test environment close to reality.
The pretest system performs the following steps: A) setting a plurality of groups of test parameters in a pre-test system, wherein the test parameters comprise ambient temperature, ambient humidity, wind speed and liquid temperature, detecting the temperature of the outer sheath under each group of test parameters, and taking the temperature of the outer sheath and the test parameters as sample data; B) step A), after obtaining a sufficient amount of sample data, performing function fitting to obtain a function of conductor temperature to outer sheath temperature, environment humidity and wind speed as a detection function, wherein the conductor temperature is liquid temperature; C) in actual monitoring, obtaining the environmental temperature, the environmental humidity, the wind speed and the outer sheath temperature of a target cable, obtaining the conductor temperature of the cable according to a detection function, reading the load of the cable at the moment, recording the environmental temperature, the environmental humidity, the wind speed, the load and the conductor temperature, associating the conductor temperature with the environmental temperature, the environmental humidity, the wind speed and the load to serve as second sample data, and if the conductor temperature exceeds a set threshold value, giving an alarm; D) after enough second sample data is obtained, performing function fitting to obtain a function of the conductor temperature to the load, the environment temperature, the environment humidity and the wind speed as a derivation function; E) according to the derivation function, when the conductor temperature is equal to the upper limit temperature, the functions of the load on the environment temperature, the environment humidity and the wind speed are obtained and used as the upper limit derivation function; F) and periodically obtaining the environmental temperature, the environmental humidity and the wind speed of the target cable, and obtaining the dynamic maximum load of the cable in the period according to an upper limit derivation function, wherein the dynamic maximum load is the dynamic capacity-increasing upper limit.
The cable comprises an overhead cable and a through-well cable, the through-well cable comprises a plurality of cables which are arranged in the cable pipeline 200 side by side, the monitoring system comprises an infrared temperature monitor and a thermocouple temperature monitor, the infrared temperature monitor is mounted on the tower and comprises an infrared image temperature measuring unit and a communication module, the infrared image temperature measuring unit shoots infrared images of the cables on the two sides of the tower and converts the infrared images into a temperature distribution diagram, the infrared image temperature measuring unit is connected with the communication module, and the communication unit is connected with the control center; as shown in fig. 5 and 6, the thermocouple temperature monitor comprises a control unit, a voltmeter, a current source, a resistor R0, a collection belt 611 and a plurality of loop belts 621, wherein the collection belt 611 comprises a rubber sheath, a positive wire 615, a negative wire 613 and a ground wire 614, the collection belt 611 is arranged in parallel with the cable, a cushion block 612 is arranged between the collection belt 611 and the cable, the loop belts 621 comprise rubber loops, puncture heads 623, a detection circuit and thermistors 622, the rubber loops are bound around the cable, the thermistors 622 are arranged between the rubber loops and the cable, the thermistors 622 are mounted on a supporting block 624, the supporting block 624 is arranged between the rubber loops and the cable, the puncture heads 623 and the thermistors 622 are connected with the detection circuit, the puncture heads 623 are respectively punctured through the rubber sheath of the collection belt 611, the puncture heads 623 are provided with three puncture heads 623, and the three puncture heads 623 are respectively connected with the positive wire 615, the negative wire 613, the positive line 615 is connected to a resistor R0, the resistor R0 is connected to the positive pole of a voltmeter and a current source, the negative line 613, the ground line 614, the negative pole of the voltmeter, and the negative pole of the current source are all grounded, and the voltmeter and the current source are all connected to the control unit. Infrared temperature monitors and thermocouple temperature monitors are capable of monitoring the temperature of the outer jacket of the cable. The temperature monitoring device is suitable for temperature monitoring of the whole cable in a mode of the collecting belt 611 and the loop belt 621, the collecting belt 611 is laid along the cable, the loop belt 621 is wound on the cable at intervals, the loop belt 621 is communicated with the collecting belt 611 through the puncture head 623, and the laying efficiency is improved.
As shown in fig. 7, the detection circuit includes a resistor R1, a resistor R3, a resistor R4, a resistor R5, an electronic switch K1, and an electronic switch K2, wherein the resistor R1 is connected in series with the electronic switch K1 to form a first detection arm, the thermistor 622Rf is connected in series with the electronic switch K2 to form a second detection arm, two ends of the first detection arm and the second detection arm are connected to the positive line 615 and the negative line 613, the resistor R3, the resistor R4, and the resistor R5 are connected in series to form a voltage division resistor string, the voltage division resistor string is connected between the positive line 615 and the ground line 614, the resistor R3 is close to the positive line 615, the resistor R5 is close to the ground line 614, the control terminal of the electronic switch K1 is connected between the resistor R3 and the resistor R4, and the control terminal of the electronic switch K2 is connected between the resistor R. The resistors R3, R4 and R5 are used for voltage division, so that when the current value given by the current source is increased from small to large, the electronic switch K1 and the electronic switch K2 are sequentially conducted after obtaining sufficient divided voltage, when the electronic switch K1 and the electronic switch K2 are sequentially conducted, the voltage value detected by the voltmeter is divided by the current given by the current source to obtain a total resistor, the change of the total resistor is the resistance value change quantity before and after the resistor R1 and the thermistor 622Rf are connected in parallel, the resistor R1 is known, and then the value of the thermistor 622Rf can be obtained, namely the temperature value at the thermistor 622Rf is obtained.
The beneficial technical effects of this embodiment are: the method has the advantages that the functional relation between the temperature of the cable outer sheath and the temperature of the conductor is obtained through pretesting, the method can be more suitable for complex and changeable environments compared with the method for establishing thermal model calculation, the efficiency is higher, the temperature of the cable conductor can be obtained in real time by monitoring the temperature and the environment of the cable outer sheath in real time, the temperature is associated with the load L, the functional relation between the cable load and the conductor temperature can be directly obtained, and then the load of the cable when the conductor temperature reaches the upper limit is obtained, namely the upper limit of cable capacity increasing. According to the scheme, the upper limit of cable capacity increase can be quickly obtained, and the safety and reliability of the cable can be guaranteed by monitoring the state of the cable.
The above-described embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and other variations and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention as set forth in the claims.
Claims (12)
1. A pre-test based line capacity-increasing safety control system is characterized in that,
comprises a pre-test system, a monitoring system and a control center,
the pretesting system is used for constructing the environmental temperature Te and the humidity Da of the cable operation to obtain the functional relation Tc = H (Tf, Te and Da) of the temperature of the outer sheath of the cable and the temperature of the conductor, wherein Tc is the temperature of the conductor, and Tf is the temperature of the outer sheath of the cable;
the monitoring system comprises a temperature monitor and an environment monitor which are arranged along the cable, the temperature monitor monitors the temperature of the outer sheath of the cable, the environment monitor monitors the environment temperature Te and the humidity Da near the cable, and the temperature monitor and the environment monitor are both connected with the control center;
the control center is in communication connection with the dispatching center, periodically reads the real-time load L of the target cable, associates the cable load L with the cable outer sheath temperature Tf, the environment temperature Te and the humidity Da obtained by the monitoring system to obtain sample data, constructs a function Tc = G (L, Te, Da) after obtaining enough sample data, obtains the dynamic maximum load Ld of the cable according to the current environment temperature Te and the humidity Da, enables the dynamic maximum load Ld to enable G (Ld, Te, Da) = Tc _ max, and the Tc _ max is the upper limit value of the working temperature of the cable, periodically feeds the dynamic maximum load Ld back to the dispatching center by the control center to serve as the upper limit of capacity expansion, periodically calculates the conductor temperature Tc according to (Tf, Te, Da) by the control center, if Tc is greater than k.Tc _ max, k is a safety factor, and k is less, the control center sends an alarm to the dispatch center and instructs the dispatch center to reduce the cable load L.
2. The system of claim 1,
the cable comprises an overhead cable and a well-penetrating cable, the monitoring system comprises an infrared temperature monitor and a thermocouple temperature monitor, the infrared temperature monitor is mounted on the tower and comprises an infrared image temperature measuring unit and a communication module, the infrared image temperature measuring unit shoots infrared images of the cables on two sides of the tower and converts the infrared images into a temperature distribution diagram, the infrared image temperature measuring unit is connected with the communication module, and the communication unit is connected with the control center;
the thermocouple temperature monitor comprises a control unit, a voltmeter, a current source, a resistor R0, a convergence belt and a plurality of annular belt, the convergence belt comprises a rubber sheath, a positive wire, a negative wire and a grounding wire, the convergence belt is arranged in parallel with the cable, the annular belt comprises a rubber annular belt, a puncture head, a detection circuit and a thermistor, the rubber annular belt is wound outside the cable, the thermistor is positioned between the rubber annular belt and the cable, the puncture head and the thermistor are both connected with the detection circuit, the puncture head punctures the rubber sheath of the convergence belt, the puncture head is provided with three puncture heads, the three puncture heads are respectively connected with the positive wire, the negative wire and the grounding wire, the positive wire is connected with a resistor R0, a resistor R0 is connected with the positive electrode of the voltmeter and the current source, and the negative electrodes of the negative wire, the negative electrode, the grounding wire, the negative electrode of the voltmeter and the current source are, and the voltage meter current collecting sources are all connected with the control unit.
3. The system of claim 2, wherein,
the detection circuit comprises a resistor R1, a resistor R3, a resistor R4, a resistor R5, an electronic switch K1 and an electronic switch K2, wherein the resistor R1 and the electronic switch K1 are connected in series to form a first detection arm, the thermistor Rf and the electronic switch K2 are connected in series to form a second detection arm, two ends of the first detection arm and two ends of the second detection arm are respectively connected with a positive electrode line and a negative electrode line, the resistor R3, the resistor R4 and the resistor R5 are connected in series to form a voltage division resistor string, the voltage division resistor string is connected between the positive electrode line and a ground line, the resistor R3 is close to the positive electrode line, the resistor R5 is close to the ground line, the control end of the electronic switch K1 is connected between the resistor R3 and the resistor R4, and the control end of the electronic switch K2 is connected between.
4. A pretest-based line capacitance safety management system according to claim 1, 2 or 3,
the pre-test system comprises a test cable, a liquid injection head, a liquid injection pipe, a liquid return head, a liquid return pipe, a liquid tank, a liquid injection pump, a heater, a temperature sensor in the tank, an inlet temperature sensor, an outlet temperature sensor, a plurality of sheath temperature sensors and a controller,
the testing cable is provided with a preset length L, two ends of the testing cable are exposed, a through hole is processed in the middle of a conductor of the testing cable, the wall thickness of the cable conductor after the through hole is processed is marked as sigma, one end of the liquid injection pipe is connected with the liquid injection pump, the liquid injection pump is connected with the liquid tank, the liquid injection head is used for communicating the liquid injection pipe with the through hole at one end of the cable conductor, the liquid return head is used for communicating the liquid return pipe with the through hole at the other end of the cable conductor, the liquid return pipe is connected with the liquid tank, the heater is installed in the liquid tank, the temperature sensor in the tank is installed in the liquid tank and used for detecting the temperature of the liquid in the liquid tank, the inlet temperature sensor is installed on the liquid injection head and used for detecting the temperature of the liquid in the liquid injection head, the outlet temperature sensor is installed on the liquid return head and used for, and the temperature on the outer sheath is detected, and the infusion pump, the heater, the in-tank temperature sensor, the inlet temperature sensor, the outlet temperature sensor and the plurality of sheath temperature sensors are all connected with the controller.
5. The system of claim 4, wherein,
still install the agitator in the liquid tank, the agitator includes stirring rod, stirring leaf and agitator motor, the stirring rod rotates with the liquid tank to be connected, agitator motor installs outside the liquid tank, the stirring leaf is installed on the stirring rod, the stirring rod passes the liquid tank and is connected with agitator motor.
6. The system of claim 4, wherein,
the heater includes leading heating plate group and rearmounted heating plate group, incasement temperature sensor includes into case temperature sensor and middle part temperature sensor, go into case temperature sensor and install near liquid return pipe and liquid case connector, middle part temperature sensor installs at the liquid case middle part, leading heating plate group installs between income case temperature sensor and middle part temperature sensor, rearmounted heating plate group installs between middle part temperature sensor and liquid filling pump, income case temperature sensor and middle part temperature sensor all are connected with the controller.
7. The system of claim 6, wherein,
the front heating plate group and the rear heating plate group respectively comprise a plurality of heating plates which are arranged in parallel, the arrangement distance of the heating plates of the front heating plate group is larger than that of the rear heating plate group, the cross section area of the heating plates of the front heating plate group is larger than that of the rear heating plate group, and the number of the heating plates of the rear heating plate group is larger than that of the front heating plate group.
8. The system of claim 4, wherein,
the pretesting system also comprises a temperature compensator which is arranged on the liquid injection pipe,
the temperature compensator comprises a shell, a compensation barrel, a sliding plug, a compensation spring, a liquid supplementing pipe, a locking head, a front temperature sensor, a front end temperature sensor and a rear end temperature sensor, wherein the shell is arranged on a liquid injection pipe, the compensation barrel is arranged in the shell, one end of the compensation barrel is open and closed, the open end of the compensation barrel is communicated with the liquid injection pipe, the sliding plug is arranged in the compensation barrel, the sliding plug is abutted against the inner wall of the compensation barrel, one end of the compensation spring is fixedly connected with the sliding plug, the other end of the compensation spring is fixedly connected with the closed end of the compensation barrel, one end of the liquid supplementing pipe is communicated with the part of the barrel close to the closed end, the other end of the liquid supplementing pipe is communicated with the liquid injection pipe, the locking head is arranged on the outer wall of the compensation barrel and used for locking and unlocking the sliding plug, the two ends of the compensation spring are connected with an electronic switch K, leading temperature sensor is located one side that a compensation section of thick bamboo is close to the liquid filling pump, front end temperature sensor installs the position that a compensation section of thick bamboo is close to the notes liquid pipe, rear end temperature sensor installs the position that a compensation section of thick bamboo is close to the fluid infusion pipe, electronic switch K1 control end, locking head, leading temperature sensor, front end temperature sensor and rear end temperature sensor all are connected with the controller.
9. The system of claim 8,
the locking head includes locking pipe, locking piece and locking spring, the locking pipe is installed on the compensating cylinder, locking piece and locking pipe sliding connection, locking spring one end and locking piece fixed connection, the locking spring other end and locking pipe fixed connection, the compensating cylinder is opened has the hole that is used for the locking piece to pass through, the locking piece position corresponds with the sliding plug, the locking spring both ends are passed through the wire and are connected with electronic switch K2 and power VT2, electronic switch K2 control end is connected with the controller.
10. The system of claim 4, wherein,
the pre-test system also comprises a pressure regulator which is arranged on the liquid injection pipe,
the pressure regulator includes base member and hydraulic sensor, processing has a plurality of regulation section of thick bamboo side by side on the base member, regulation section of thick bamboo one end opening one end is sealed, regulation section of thick bamboo open end and notes liquid pipe intercommunication, hydraulic sensor installs on annotating the liquid pipe, detects the intraductal liquid pressure of notes liquid, be equipped with adjusting spring and adjusting slide in the regulation section of thick bamboo, adjusting slide slidable mounting is in adjusting the section of thick bamboo, adjusting slide and regulation section of thick bamboo inner wall butt, adjusting spring one end and adjusting slide fixed connection, the adjusting spring other end is connected with regulation section of thick bamboo blind end, the adjusting spring both ends are passed through the wire and are connected with electronic switch K3 and power VT3, the part that the regulation section of thick bamboo is located adjusting slide and annotates between the liquid pipe is the stock solution section, hydraulic sensor and electronic switch K3 control end.
11. The system of claim 4, wherein,
the pre-test system also comprises an environment simulation box, the environment simulation box comprises a box body, a fan, a circulating air duct, a hot air blower, a cold air blower, a humidifier, a dehumidifier, a temperature and humidity sensor, an anemometer and a control module,
the box is airtight, the both ends of box are connected respectively to circulation wind channel both ends, fan, air heater with, air-cooler, humidifier and dehumidifier are all installed in the circulation wind channel, temperature and humidity sensor installs in the box, detects the humiture of the internal air of box, the anemograph is installed in the box, the velocity of flow of the internal air of anemograph detection box, fan, circulation wind channel, air heater, air-cooler, humidifier, dehumidifier, temperature and humidity sensor and anemograph all are connected with control module.
12. The system of claim 4, wherein,
the pretest system performs the steps of:
A) setting a plurality of groups of test parameters in a pre-test system, wherein the test parameters comprise ambient temperature, ambient humidity, wind speed and liquid temperature, detecting the temperature of the outer sheath under each group of test parameters, and taking the temperature of the outer sheath and the test parameters as sample data;
B) step A), after obtaining a sufficient amount of sample data, performing function fitting to obtain a function of conductor temperature to outer sheath temperature, environment humidity and wind speed as a detection function, wherein the conductor temperature is liquid temperature;
C) in actual monitoring, obtaining the environmental temperature, the environmental humidity, the wind speed and the outer sheath temperature of a target cable, obtaining the conductor temperature of the cable according to a detection function, reading the load of the cable at the moment, recording the environmental temperature, the environmental humidity, the wind speed, the load and the conductor temperature, associating the conductor temperature with the environmental temperature, the environmental humidity, the wind speed and the load to serve as second sample data, and if the conductor temperature exceeds a set threshold value, giving an alarm;
D) after enough second sample data is obtained, performing function fitting to obtain a function of the conductor temperature to the load, the environment temperature, the environment humidity and the wind speed as a derivation function;
E) according to the derivation function, when the conductor temperature is equal to the upper limit temperature, the functions of the load on the environment temperature, the environment humidity and the wind speed are obtained and used as the upper limit derivation function;
F) and periodically obtaining the environmental temperature, the environmental humidity and the wind speed of the target cable, and obtaining the dynamic maximum load of the cable in the period according to an upper limit derivation function, wherein the dynamic maximum load is the dynamic capacity-increasing upper limit.
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