CN113109024B - Wave load forecasting method for hovercraft capable of rising fully - Google Patents
Wave load forecasting method for hovercraft capable of rising fully Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of wave load forecasting of a full-lift hovercraft, and particularly relates to a wave load forecasting method of the full-lift hovercraft. The invention provides a hovercraft segment model capable of realizing longitudinal and transverse wave load tests, which can realize the measurement of the vertical and horizontal wave load parameters of the model in the regular waves and the irregular waves of head waves, transverse waves and oblique waves by special designs such as longitudinal and transverse segments, a clip structure at the center, a strain balance and the like on the premise of ensuring the air tightness, the water tightness and the rigidity of the model, and provides a test basis for the wave load forecast of the hovercraft with full lift. The method sets the navigation speed and the wave generation condition of the hovercraft model in the water pool test process according to the sea conditions which can be experienced by the actual hovercraft with the full lift, captures strain signals through a data acquisition system, and forecasts the wave load borne by the weak positions of each structure in the navigation process of the hovercraft with the full lift by combining a dimensionless bending moment value, thereby providing a load input basis for the strength check of the hovercraft.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wave load forecasting of a full-lift hovercraft, and particularly relates to a wave load forecasting method of the full-lift hovercraft.
Background
Because the motion of the whole cushion hovercraft is complex, compared with the conventional ships, the movement has larger difference, and great difficulty is brought to the theoretical calculation of the wave load. The domestic specification of the structural strength of the whole hovercraft relates to a small part in the high-speed ship specification, and the calculation methods of the hovercraft wave bending moment and the like in the specification are obtained on the basis of the planing boat wave load theory. In addition, the whole cushion lifting hovercraft has small length, large shape width and non-negligible longitudinal and transverse loads. Therefore, in order to accurately calculate the obtained wave load value of the hovercraft with full lift, so as to evaluate and analyze the strength of the hull structure of the hovercraft with full lift and finally provide reliable technical support for the structural design of the hovercraft with full lift, it is very necessary to perform experimental research on longitudinal and transverse wave load models of the hovercraft with full lift.
The whole cushion-lifting hovercraft is suspended on the water surface or the ground through a cushion-lifting system and an apron structure, and can quickly sail in various complex environments. The particularity of the operation mode makes the structure of the air cushion ship complicated, the ship body extends over the air channel, and the air cushion ship is much lighter in weight and more rigorous in weight compared with the conventional ship model on the same size. Therefore, on the basis of the manufacturing requirement of the conventional ship model, the longitudinal structure of the ship body and the transverse structure of the ship body are segmented, the connection after the segmentation not only needs to consider the structural strength of the ship body, but also needs to consider the water tightness of the ship body and the air tightness of an air passage structure, and particularly the design and the installation of the load testing device which is used for connecting the segments. The ship model has the characteristics that the difficulty of the ship model in structural design is greatly increased, the manufacturing of the longitudinal and transverse wave load test sectional model of the full-lift hovercraft is extremely difficult, and the prior case of manufacturing the longitudinal and transverse wave load test sectional model of the full-lift hovercraft does not exist in China at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for forecasting the wave load of a hovercraft lifted by all cushions.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: making an equal-scale reduction model of the whole hovercraft to be forecasted, wherein the reduction scale ratio is mu, and the model is provided with three layers of decks; disconnecting the model along a longitudinal median line, a 1/4 foreship section line and a midship section line of a ship body, reserving an aeronautical instrument installation position at a junction position of the longitudinal median line and the midship section to a certain section, and obtaining six divided sections;
step 2: assembling the six split sections into a complete model, installing an airworthiness instrument at a reserved position, reserving gaps among the sections, and sealing the split surfaces by using elastic rubber strips to ensure the air tightness and the water tightness of the model;
and 3, step 3: according to the structural weak position of the whole hovercraft to be forecasted, arranging a strain balance at the measuring point position corresponding to the model;
the strain balance is composed of a left base, a right base and a measuring beam in the middle, the strain balance is integrally arranged on an upper deck of the model, the left base and the right base are respectively arranged on different sections, two ends of the measuring beam are arranged above the junction of the two sections in a flush manner, strain gauges are mounted on the measuring beam, and all the strain gauges are connected with the data acquisition system; hard bases are filled below the bases on the left side and the right side, between the upper deck and the middle deck, and between the middle deck and the bottom deck;
and 4, step 4: calibrating the strain balance to obtain a conversion relation corresponding to an electric signal of the data acquisition system when the strain gauge bears the strain of the bending moment;
and 5: acquiring the navigation speed V of the hovercraft to be forecastedsAnd sea water density rho of sailing sea areasWavelength λ, wavelength ofsWith amplitude xisa(ii) a Wave length lambda in test pool with wave load testmIs λm＝λsMu, amplitude ximaIs xima＝ξsaμ, model speed VmIs composed of
Placing the model into a test pool for wave load test, and acquiring bending moment M borne by each strain gauge according to electric signals fed back by a data acquisition systemm；
And 6: according to the bending moment result M borne by each measuring point obtained by the model wave load testmCalculating the forecast value M of the weak structural position bearing wave load of each measuring point corresponding to the hovercraft to be forecasted in the sailing processs；
The present invention may further comprise:
the method for arranging the strain balance in the step 3 specifically comprises the following steps: a group of strain balances which are arranged along the ship length direction are respectively arranged at the junctions of the first section and the third section, the junctions of the second section and the fourth section, the junctions of the third section and the fifth section and the junctions of the fourth section and the sixth section; a group of strain balances in the vertical middle and vertical section direction are respectively arranged at the junction of the first section and the second section and at the junction of the fifth section and the sixth section;
wherein, the first segment and the second segment are positioned at the head part of the model, and the longitudinal section and the 1/4 ship length section of the bow are taken as the segmentation planes; the third segment and the fourth segment are positioned in the middle of the model, and the third segment and the fourth segment are respectively divided by taking a middle longitudinal section, a bow 1/4 captain section and a midship section as dividing planes; the fifth segment and the sixth segment are positioned at the tail part of the model, and the fifth segment and the sixth segment are respectively formed by taking a midship section and a midship section as parting surfaces; the first section, the third section and the fifth section are located on the same side, and the second section, the fourth section and the sixth section are located on the same side.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a design scheme of a hovercraft segment model capable of realizing longitudinal and transverse wave load tests, the whole model adopts a structural design combining longitudinal and transverse segments, on the premise of ensuring the whole quality control, air tightness, water tightness and model rigidity of the hovercraft model, the measurement of the vertical and horizontal wave load parameters of the hovercraft model in the regular waves of head-on waves, transverse waves and oblique waves and the irregular waves is realized through the special designs of the longitudinal and transverse segments, the clip structure at the center, a strain balance and the like, and a test basis is provided for the wave load forecast of the whole hovercraft. The method sets the navigation speed and the wave generation condition of the hovercraft model in the water pool test process according to the sea conditions which can be experienced by the actual hovercraft with the full lift, captures strain signals through a data acquisition system, and forecasts the wave load borne by the weak positions of each structure in the navigation process of the hovercraft with the full lift by combining a dimensionless bending moment value, thereby providing a load input basis for the strength check of the hovercraft.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural design view (top view) of the full lift hovercraft model of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a structural design view (longitudinal sectional view) of the full lift hovercraft model according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a sectional structure diagram of the whole lift hovercraft model according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 (a) is a top view of the lower deck of the full lift hovercraft model of the present invention.
Fig. 4 (b) is a top view of the middle deck of the whole lift hovercraft model of the present invention.
Fig. 4 (c) is a top view of the upper deck of the full lift hovercraft model of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a structural design diagram of the strain balance of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a top view of the construction of the strain balance of the invention.
Fig. 7 is a side view of the construction of the strain balance according to the invention.
Fig. 8 is a view showing the installation structure of the strain balance of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a schematic view of the mounting structure of the strain balance of the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a schematic view of the whole ship structure of the whole lift hovercraft model according to the present invention.
FIG. 11 is a longitudinal bending moment response curve in a midship in the head on a wave in an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 12 is a longitudinal profile transverse bending moment response curve in shear in an example embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention aims to provide a wave load forecasting method for a hovercraft capable of lifting all over. The invention provides a design scheme of a hovercraft segment model capable of realizing longitudinal and transverse wave load tests, which realizes the measurement of vertical and horizontal wave load parameters of a hull model in regular waves and irregular waves of head-on waves, transverse waves and oblique waves by special designs such as longitudinal and transverse segments, a square-shaped structure at the center, a strain balance and the like on the premise of ensuring the integral quality control, air tightness, water tightness and model rigidity of the hovercraft, and provides test basis for the wave load forecast of the whole hovercraft.
The whole lift hovercraft model is transversely and longitudinally segmented and used for measuring load data along the ship length direction and the ship width direction, stress is concentrated on a parting position, the middle and rear position segmented deformation is designed into a 'clip' structure, the rigidity, the air tightness and the stability of connection with an airworthiness instrument of the model are guaranteed, the stress condition of the model is measured by strain gauges arranged in a strain balance measuring area between segmented gaps, and test data are recorded by a data acquisition instrument.
A wave load forecasting method for a full-lift hovercraft comprises the following steps:
step 1: making an isometric scale-down model of the whole hovercraft to be forecasted, wherein the scale-down ratio is mu, and the model is provided with three layers of decks; disconnecting the model along a longitudinal profile line, a bow 1/4 long split line and a midship split line of the ship body, reserving an airworthiness instrument installation position at a junction position of the longitudinal profile line and the midship profile line into a certain segment, and obtaining six split segments;
the first section and the second section are positioned at the model head part and take the middle longitudinal section and the 1/4 ship length section of the bow part as the dividing sections; the third segment and the fourth segment are positioned in the middle of the model, and the third segment and the fourth segment are respectively divided by taking a middle longitudinal section, a bow 1/4 captain section and a midship section as dividing planes; the fifth section and the sixth section are positioned at the tail part of the model, and the fifth section and the sixth section are respectively formed by taking a middle longitudinal section and a midship section as parting planes; the first section, the third section and the fifth section are positioned on the same side, and the second section, the fourth section and the sixth section are positioned on the same side;
and 2, step: assembling the six split sections into a complete model, installing an airworthiness instrument at a reserved position, reserving gaps among the sections, and sealing the split surfaces by using elastic rubber strips to ensure the air tightness and the water tightness of the model;
and step 3: a group of strain balances which are arranged along the ship length direction are respectively arranged at the junctions of the first section and the third section, the junctions of the second section and the fourth section, the junctions of the third section and the fifth section and the junctions of the fourth section and the sixth section; a group of strain balances in the vertical middle and vertical section direction are respectively arranged at the junction of the first section and the second section and at the junction of the fifth section and the sixth section;
the strain balance is composed of a left base, a right base and a measuring beam in the middle, the strain balance is integrally arranged on an upper deck of the model, the left base and the right base are respectively arranged on different sections, two ends of the measuring beam are arranged above the junction of the two sections in a flush mode, strain gauges are mounted on the measuring beam, and all the strain gauges are connected with the data acquisition system; hard bases are filled below the left and right bases, between the upper deck and the middle deck, and between the middle deck and the bottom deck;
and 4, step 4: calibrating the strain balance to obtain the conversion relation corresponding to the electric signal of the data acquisition system when the strain gauge bears the bending moment and generates strain;
and 5: acquiring the navigation speed V of the hovercraft to be forecastedsSea water density rho of sailing sea areasWith amplitude xisa(ii) a Wave amplitude xi in test pool with wave load testmaIs xima＝ξsaSpeed of flight V of model/[ mu ])mIs composed of
Placing the model into a test pool for wave load test, and acquiring bending moment M borne by each strain gauge according to electric signals fed back by a data acquisition systemm；
And 6: calculating a forecast value M of the wave load borne by each corresponding measuring point in the navigation process of the hovercraft to be forecasteds；
Example 1:
as shown in figures 1, 2 and 10, according to the test requirements and the structural characteristics of the model compared with a conventional ship, the load model of the air cushion ship with full cushion lift adopts a longitudinal and transverse sectional structure, and is divided at two transverse sections which are in the middle of the ship and 1/4 of the ship length away from the ship bow, so that the ship body is divided and divided along the middle longitudinal section, the whole ship body structure is divided into six parts, the parting joint is about 10mm, and the sealing rubber strip with better elasticity is matched with the sealing glue for use, so that the stress of the section is ensured to be concentrated at the parting joint.
The whole model is divided into six sections, a ship body model test needs to be connected to an aerocar through an aeronautical instrument, and motion data can be measured through the aeronautical instrument. The aeronautical instrument needs to be arranged in the center of the model, but the model load measurement cannot be influenced, which means that the center cannot be segmented, and meanwhile, the rigidity of the model and the firmness of connection need to be considered.
The structural composition of the ' square-shaped ' structure is shown in fig. 1, fig. 3, fig. 4 (a), fig. 4 (b) and fig. 4 (c), the main body part of the hovercraft model is divided into three layers of decks, namely a bottom layer, a middle layer and an upper layer, a red frame line in fig. 3 is a model section of a load measuring position, a yellow frame line is a position for installing a measuring beam, a blue frame line is a ' square-shaped ' structure internal ' opening, and the boss structure is connected with the bottom structure. The deck which is broken according to the ship body section is covered on the ship body, and the blue frame line in the top view of the three layers of decks shown in the figures 4 (a), 4 (b) and 4 (c) is a 'square-back' structure outer 'opening' and forms a 'square-back' structure with the blue frame line boss structure shown in the figure 3. The 'clip' structure avoids the influence of the disconnection of the middle part of the ship on the central air passage, the load measurement and the rigidity of the ship body, is connected with the 'clip' structure through the aeronautical instrument, can completely drive the motion of the whole ship and accurately feed back the motion of the ship body to the aeronautical instrument device.
The sections 1-6 are fixedly connected through 6 strain balance measuring beams, wherein the measuring beams 2, 3, 4 and 5 are arranged along the ship length direction and are used for measuring loads such as vertical bending moment of midship cross sections and bow 1/4 cross sections, and the measuring beams 1 and 6 are arranged in the vertical middle and longitudinal section direction and are used for measuring transverse loads.
As shown in fig. 5-9, the two sides of the strain balance measuring beam are steel bases with large thickness, the whole form is 'short square', and the strain balance measuring beam can be arranged at different positions to measure transverse and longitudinal loads due to small dimension, and can be connected with the ship body segments, so that the requirements of the whole hovercraft model on the measurement precision of longitudinal and transverse wave load tests and rigid connection between the ship body segments are met. The middle measuring area of the strain balance measuring beam is thin and is divided into a plurality of strip-shaped measuring areas, a strain gauge is pasted in the middle position for measuring test data, a deformation signal can be accurately obtained, strain information is obtained through a data acquisition instrument, and the load data of response can be calculated by utilizing the calibration of the strain gauge before the test.
As shown in fig. 2, the strain balance measuring beam is fixed with a base with proper height on the model through bolts, the bolts, nuts and the base are fastened through gaskets, air tightness and water tightness are guaranteed, the base is designed according to the principle that the height of a centerline plane of the measuring beam is consistent with the height of a neutralization shaft of the ship model, and the base is adjusted through a hard wood base.
As shown in fig. 11 and 12, in the wave load model test of the hovercraft with full lift, the sectional type hovercraft with full lift wave load model of the invention has good use effect, the measured test data is real and reliable, and the test purpose and requirements are achieved.
In order to realize that the transverse and longitudinal loads of the hovercraft can be measured through experiments, the model is divided into 6 sections for measuring the transverse and longitudinal loads at different positions, wherein the transverse section is the largest in vertical bending moment, the transverse section is the 1/4 ship length of the bow with the largest shearing force, and the longitudinal and transverse sections with the largest transverse load are segmented.
The structure form adopts a longitudinal and transverse segmented ship model, the model is disconnected at the section for measuring the bending moment, and 10mm gaps are reserved among all the segments of the ship model. And the sections of the ship model are sealed by rubber strips with good elasticity, so that the air tightness and the water tightness of the whole lift hovercraft model are ensured, and the stress of the model is concentrated at the end face.
In order to realize the connection between the airworthiness instrument and the center of the model and ensure the air tightness of the center air passage of the center of the model. The deformation of the subsection is designed into a 'clip' structure, so that the test measurement of the load is not influenced, the disconnection of the central position is avoided, and the connection between the airworthiness instrument and the model is firm.
The requirements of the measuring beam on the mass, the integral rigidity, the air tightness and the like of the model are met. A short strain balance measuring beam is specially designed to replace a conventional model measuring beam penetrating through the whole ship, a strain gauge is attached to a strain balance measuring area, and test data are obtained through data acquisition equipment.
1. In order to measure loads such as vertical bending moment and vertical shear force along the length direction of the ship, the hovercraft is broken along a typical cross section of a ship body, and as the hovercraft, a midship section with the largest bending moment and a first 1/4 ship length section with the largest shear force and a weak structure are mainly concerned. In order to measure loads such as horizontal bending moment, horizontal bending moment and the like along the ship width direction, the hovercraft is disconnected along the middle longitudinal section line of the ship body; in order to ensure the connection with the airworthiness instrument, the middle rear section is properly deformed to derive a 'clip' structure.
2. The strain balance is provided with a strain gauge, the navigation speed and the wave generation condition of the hovercraft model in the water pool test process are set according to the sea conditions possibly experienced by the actual hovercraft, and strain signals are captured through the strain gauge belonging to the acquisition device.
3. The strain gauge is calibrated before the test, and calibration coefficients are input to a data acquisition device, such as: given 100 newtons at a moment arm of 1m, the moment load is 100, at which time a voltage signal 999 is read. The calibration is a linear transformation between the calibration bending moment 100 and the voltage 999. If the test measures a voltage of 99.9, the bending moment at that point is 10.
4. Under different navigation speeds and test working conditions with different wavelengths, different measuring points can respectively measure wave bending moments such as bending moment, the following formula can be used for non-dimensional processing, and the relation of load concerned in ship hull wave load along with the wavelength and the navigation speed can be drawn. Also if the measurement point positions can be arranged more than necessary, a distribution of the vertical bending moment along the length of the vessel, a distribution of the horizontal bending moment along the width of the vessel, etc. can be obtained.
5. The load borne by the typical position of the ship body can be estimated by combining a dimensionless bending moment value and the actual navigation state of the hovercraft, and load input is provided for strength check of the hovercraft.
In the above formula, the parameters of the m subscript are parameters related to a hovercraft model test, and the parameters of the s subscript are parameters related to a hovercraft real ship.
Compared with the existing wave load test ship model, the invention has the following characteristics:
(1) The whole ship model structure adopts a structural design combining longitudinal and transverse sections. The conventional wave loading ship model only adopts a longitudinal sectional structure design, and the hovercraft loading ship model simultaneously sections a ship body structure in the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction. The longitudinal structure is broken at the center and one fourth of the bow, the transverse structure is broken at the middle longitudinal section, and the ship body structure is divided into 6 sections. The measuring device arranged at the longitudinal section can test the longitudinal wave load of the ship body, the measuring device arranged at the transverse section can test the transverse wave load of the ship body, and the design can meet the structural arrangement requirements of the whole cushion lift hovercraft model on the longitudinal and transverse wave load tests;
(2) The section at the center of the ship model structure adopts a 'clip' structure design. The center of the ship model structure is not only the junction of the longitudinal and transverse segmentation lines of the ship body, but also the arrangement position of the central air passage of the ship body. Because the airworthiness instrument in the pool test is installed at the center of the ship body, 4 points are required for the installation of the airworthiness instrument in the pool test: 1) Must be installed in the center of the hull; 2) The installation position cannot be disconnected, and the measurement of the wave load at the subsection cannot be influenced; 3) The structure of the installation position must be firm and firm, and the ship can completely drive the whole ship to move and accurately feed back the motion of the ship body to the airworthiness instrument device; 4) The integrity and air tightness of the central air passage are ensured. In order to meet the 4-point installation requirement, the invention is originally designed aiming at the center of the ship, and the center section of the ship adopts a 'clip' structure design, thereby solving the installation requirement of the airworthiness instrument in the invention, and providing a motion support and measurement system for the longitudinal and transverse wave load test of the whole cushion-lift hovercraft model;
(3) And designing and installing a measuring device at the ship model section. Due to the longitudinal and transverse section design of the ship model, the longitudinal sections have 2 sections, and the total number of measuring points is 4, wherein two measuring points are positioned in a central air passage of a midship; 1 section is transversely segmented, the measuring points are added at 2 positions, and the total measuring points are added at 6 positions. Therefore, the design and installation of the measuring device need to consider not only the measurement of the longitudinal and lateral loads, but also the structural strength, airtightness, and weight reduction at the installation position. The measuring device is designed into a short strain balance, so that the measuring precision of longitudinal and transverse loads can be ensured, the ship body can be connected in a segmented manner and is convenient to install, and the measuring precision of the whole cushion hovercraft model on the longitudinal and transverse wave load test and the rigid connection requirement of the ship body are met.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A method for forecasting the wave load of a full-lift hovercraft is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: making an equal-scale reduction model of the whole hovercraft to be forecasted, wherein the reduction scale ratio is mu, and the model is provided with three layers of decks; disconnecting the model along a longitudinal profile line, a bow 1/4 long split line and a midship split line of the ship body, reserving an airworthiness instrument installation position at a junction position of the longitudinal profile line and the midship profile line into a certain segment, and obtaining six split segments;
step 2: assembling the six split sections into a complete model, installing an airworthiness instrument at a reserved position, measuring motion data through the airworthiness instrument, installing the airworthiness instrument at the center of the model, simultaneously considering the rigidity of the model and the firmness of connection, deforming the right rear section, designing a 'clip' structure, reserving gaps among the sections, and sealing the split surfaces by using elastic rubber strips to ensure the air tightness and the water tightness of the model;
and step 3: according to the structural weakness position of the whole hovercraft to be forecasted, strain balances are arranged at the measuring point positions corresponding to the model, and the overall form is 'short square';
the strain balance is composed of a left base, a right base and a measuring beam in the middle, the strain balance is integrally arranged on an upper deck of the model, the left base and the right base are respectively arranged on different sections, two ends of the measuring beam are arranged above the junction of the two sections in a flush manner, strain gauges are mounted on the measuring beam, and all the strain gauges are connected with the data acquisition system; hard bases are filled below the left and right bases, between the upper deck and the middle deck, and between the middle deck and the bottom deck;
and 4, step 4: calibrating the strain balance to obtain a conversion relation corresponding to an electric signal of the data acquisition system when the strain gauge bears the strain of the bending moment;
and 5: acquiring the navigation speed V of the hovercraft to be forecastedsSea water density rho of sailing sea areasWavelength lambda ofsWith amplitude xisa(ii) a Wave length lambda in test pool with wave load testmIs λm＝λsμ, amplitude ξmaIs xima＝ξsaSpeed of flight V of model/[ mu ])mIs composed of
Placing the model into a test pool for wave load test, and acquiring bending moment M borne by each strain gauge according to electric signals fed back by a data acquisition systemm；
Step 6: according to the bending moment result M borne by each measuring point obtained by the model wave load testmCalculating the forecast value M of the weak structural position bearing wave load of each measuring point corresponding to the hovercraft to be forecasted in the sailing processs；
The method for arranging the strain balance in the step 3 specifically comprises the following steps: a group of strain balances which are arranged along the ship length direction are respectively arranged at the junctions of the first section and the third section, the junctions of the second section and the fourth section, the junctions of the third section and the fifth section and the junctions of the fourth section and the sixth section; a group of strain balances vertical to the middle longitudinal section are respectively arranged at the junction of the first section and the second section and at the junction of the fifth section and the sixth section;
wherein, the first segment and the second segment are positioned at the head part of the model, and the longitudinal section and the 1/4 ship length section of the bow are taken as the segmentation planes; the third segment and the fourth segment are positioned in the middle of the model, and the third segment and the fourth segment are respectively divided by taking a middle longitudinal section, a bow 1/4 captain section and a midship section as dividing planes; the fifth section and the sixth section are positioned at the tail part of the model, and the fifth section and the sixth section are respectively formed by taking a middle longitudinal section and a midship section as parting planes; the first section, the third section and the fifth section are located on the same side, and the second section, the fourth section and the sixth section are located on the same side.
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