CN113107371A - Self-excitation shaft-impacting and induced unloading coupling rock breaking drill bit and drilling speed increasing method - Google Patents
Self-excitation shaft-impacting and induced unloading coupling rock breaking drill bit and drilling speed increasing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113107371A CN113107371A CN202110338814.6A CN202110338814A CN113107371A CN 113107371 A CN113107371 A CN 113107371A CN 202110338814 A CN202110338814 A CN 202110338814A CN 113107371 A CN113107371 A CN 113107371A
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 169
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/42—Rotary drag type drill bits with teeth, blades or like cutting elements, e.g. fork-type bits, fish tail bits
- E21B10/43—Rotary drag type drill bits with teeth, blades or like cutting elements, e.g. fork-type bits, fish tail bits characterised by the arrangement of teeth or other cutting elements
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
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- E21B10/16—Roller bits characterised by tooth form or arrangement
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Abstract
The invention discloses a self-excited axial-percussion and induced unloading coupled rock breaking drill bit, which comprises a drill bit body; the drilling end of the drill bit body is provided with an outer annular rock breaking part, and the middle part of the head end of the outer annular rock breaking part is recessed inwards to form a central rock breaking part; the external annular rock breaking part is provided with a plurality of blades and a plurality of cones embedded with cone cutting teeth along the circumferential direction; a plurality of outer ring cutting teeth are arranged on the radial outer end surface of the blade along the direction of a generatrix; the bottom end surface of the central rock breaking part is provided with a central cutting tooth; the drill bit body is provided with a drill bit nozzle. The invention also discloses a self-excitation shaft-impact and induced unloading coupling rock breaking drilling speed increasing method. The invention can automatically generate axial impact to improve the overall rock breaking speed of the drill bit, can further strengthen the rock breaking efficiency by coupling with an induced unloading effect, and can play a role in combined cutting, lifting and unloading, thereby improving the drilling speed to a higher level.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of drilling engineering, and particularly relates to a self-excited axial-percussion and induced unloading coupled rock breaking drill bit and a drilling acceleration method.
Background
The improvement of the drilling speed is a research hotspot in the field of drilling engineering, and the improvement of the rock breaking efficiency is one of the main ways of improving the drilling speed. Rotary impact rock breaking, combined cutting rock breaking and shaft bottom induced unloading rock breaking are three effective methods for improving rock breaking efficiency at present. However, the impact force relied on by the existing rotary impact rock breaking is generated by a special tool, and the existence of the rotary impact tool influences the track control operation, reduces the hydraulic energy of the drill bit and brings extra underground risks; the existing tool for realizing the composite cutting and rock breaking is a composite drill bit (lion tiger beast), and accidents such as tooth breaking, gear wheel falling, central core digging and the like still occur in a multi-interlayer stratum and a hard and difficult stratum; the existing drill bit used for inducing unloading and breaking rock at the bottom of a well improves the rock breaking efficiency to a certain extent, but the unloading effect is to be further improved.
Based on the problems, the self-excitation axial impact and induced unloading coupled rock breaking drill bit and the drilling speed increasing method can automatically generate axial impact to improve the overall rock breaking speed of the drill bit, can further enhance the rock breaking efficiency by coupling the induced unloading effect, and can play a combined cutting and lifting unloading effect, so that the drilling speed is increased to a higher level.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a self-excited axial-percussion and induced unloading coupled rock breaking drill bit and a drilling speed increasing method.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the self-excited shaft-impacting and induced unloading coupled rock breaking drill bit comprises a drill bit body;
the drilling end of the drill bit body is provided with an external annular rock breaking part, and the middle part of the head end of the external annular rock breaking part is inwards concave along the axial direction of the drill bit to form a central rock breaking part in a circular groove;
the outer annular rock breaking part is provided with a plurality of blades and a plurality of cones embedded with cone cutting teeth along the circumferential direction;
the blades extend from the edge of the central rock breaking part to the side wall of the drill bit body;
the gear wheel is in rotary connection with a corresponding shaft neck on the outer annular rock breaking part;
a plurality of outer ring cutting teeth are arranged on the radial outer end surface of the blade wing along the direction of a generatrix;
the bottom end surface of the central rock breaking part is provided with a central cutting tooth;
the drill bit body is provided with a drill bit nozzle, and the drill bit nozzle is communicated with a drill bit inner cavity inside the drill bit body through a nozzle flow channel.
Preferably, the vertical connecting surface of the blade facing the central rock breaking part is in a cylindrical surface structure;
the vertical connecting surfaces of all the blades are positioned on the same axial cylindrical surface, and the central axis of the axial cylindrical surface and the central axis of the central rock breaking part are collinear with the central axis of the drill bit body;
the diameter of the axial cylindrical surface is consistent with that of the circular groove of the central rock breaking part.
Preferably, the sum h of the height of the vertical connecting surface in the axial direction of the drill bit and the height of the side wall of the circular groove of the central rock breaking part in the axial direction of the drill bit is 0.2D-2D;
the diameter D of the circular groove of the central rock breaking part is 0.2D-0.8D, and D is the diameter of the drill bit.
Preferably, the envelope l of the outermost cutting profile formed by the cutting teeth of the roller cone is1Is higher than the envelope line l of the outermost cutting profile formed by the cutting teeth of the outer ring on the blade2。
Preferably, the drill bit nozzle comprises an outer ring nozzle arranged on the outer annular rock breaking part on one side of the cutter wing and a central nozzle arranged on the bottom end face of the central rock breaking part;
the chip removal channel that sets up in the broken rock portion of outside annular link up with the chip removal channel that the broken rock portion of center set up mutually.
Preferably, the outer ring cutting teeth and the central cutting teeth are PDC teeth.
Preferably, the PDC tooth is a multi-blade PDC cutting tooth, the end portion of the body of the multi-blade PDC cutting tooth is a cylinder, the rock breaking end of the multi-blade PDC cutting tooth comprises a plurality of layers of cutting tooth surfaces which are arranged from the center outwards along the radial direction and distributed in a step shape, and the cutting tooth surfaces of the layers are parallel.
Preferably, the PDC tooth is ancient coin shape PDC cutting tooth, the tooth body tip of ancient coin shape PDC cutting tooth is the cylinder, the broken rock end of ancient coin shape PDC cutting tooth is ARC structure, ARC structure's radial outer end sets up a plurality of cutting faces, form the crooked arc cutting edge to PDC tooth center direction between cutting face and the ARC structure.
The invention also provides a self-excitation shaft-impact and induced unloading coupling rock breaking drilling speed increasing method.
A self-excitation shaft-impact and induced unloading coupled rock breaking drilling acceleration method is used for drilling based on a self-excitation shaft-impact and induced unloading coupled rock breaking drill bit, and comprises the following steps:
1) the external annular rock breaking part firstly contacts the well bottom, the drill bit integrally rotates under the action of the bit pressure torque, and the cone autorotates in the process of rotating along with the drill bit; the autorotation of the cone causes the single tooth and the double tooth of the cutting teeth of the cone to touch the ground alternately, and the single tooth and the double tooth cause the reciprocating motion of the drill bit along the axial direction in the process of touching the ground alternately, so that the high-frequency axial impact of the drill bit on the well bottom is realized, and the cone and the outer ring cutting teeth act together under the high-frequency axial impact to accelerate the crushing of rocks at the outer ring part of the drill bit;
2) along with the proceeding of rock breaking of the outer ring cutting teeth and the cone, rock columns are formed in the central rock breaking part area, and the bottom hole pressure is effectively released;
3) along with the process of rock breaking, the central cutting teeth contact the rock column and break the rock column under the action of the weight-on-bit torque;
4) in the process of drilling by breaking rocks with the drill bit, the nozzle flow passage sprays drilling fluid through the drill bit nozzle to clean the drill bit and carries rock debris to the ground through the corresponding debris discharge passage.
Preferably, the cone and the outer ring cutting teeth act together under the high-frequency axial impact by the following process:
when the cutter teeth of the cone on the cone are changed from double-tooth grounding to single-tooth grounding due to autorotation, the drill bit is lifted integrally, the outer ring cutter teeth on the blades leave the bottom of the well, and the cutter teeth on the cone grounding break rock;
when the cutting teeth of the cone on the cone are changed from single tooth landing to double tooth landing due to autorotation, the whole bit is impacted downwards, the outer ring cutting teeth on the blades land, and the impact shears the bottom of the well after the stress of the cone is released.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention utilizes the inner recess of the central rock breaking part and the arrangement of the vertical connecting surface on the blade in the center of the drill bit to form an inner recessed cylindrical area, and the formation of the area can release the rock stress at the central part of the well bottom in the drilling process, thereby realizing induced unloading.
(2) According to the invention, single and double teeth generated by the rotation of the gear wheel are alternatively grounded to form axial vibration of the drill bit, so that high-frequency axial impact is formed, and the overall rock breaking speed is increased; meanwhile, the stress of the hard-to-drill part of the outer ring can be released by the rugged well bottom formed by the cone.
(3) The invention realizes composite cutting by the combination of the outer ring cutting teeth on the blades, the cone cutting teeth on the cone and the central cutting teeth, and further improves the drilling speed.
(4) Compared with the existing cutting teeth only provided with a single-layer cutting tooth surface, the multi-blade PDC cutting teeth have the advantage that the service life of the teeth is prolonged.
(5) Compared with the existing cutting teeth, the ancient coin-shaped PDC cutting teeth can bear high-strength impact, are resistant to grinding and reduce rock breaking energy consumption and difficulty through plough cutting.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the application and, together with the description, serve to explain the application and are not intended to limit the application.
FIG. 1 is a schematic top view of a self-excited axial-percussion and induced unloading coupled rock breaking drill bit according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic front view of the self-excited axial-percussion and induced unloading coupled rock breaking drill bit of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the relationship between the outer annular rock breaking portion, the central rock breaking portion, the blades and the cone in the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of rock breaking during landing of a single tooth of the roller cone of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of rock breaking during landing of the teeth of the cone of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic representation of a multi-bladed PDC cutter having a planar cutting surface in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a multi-bladed PDC cutter of the present invention with the cutting tooth surface being a cone;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a multi-edged PDC cutting tooth in the present invention when the cutting tooth surface is a pyramidal face;
FIG. 9 is a schematic perspective view of a structure of a coin-shaped PDC cutter in embodiment 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic top view of a structure of a coin-shaped PDC cutter in embodiment 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic front view of a structure of a ancient coin-shaped PDC cutting tooth in embodiment 3 of the invention;
wherein:
1-an outer annular rock breaking portion,
2-central rock breaking, 201-central cutting teeth, 202-bottom end face;
3-blades, 301-radial outer end face, 302-outer ring cutting teeth and 303-vertical connecting face;
4-cone, 401-cone cutting teeth;
5-an outer ring nozzle, wherein,
6-a central nozzle;
701-circular plane, 702-annular plane;
801-cone, 802-ring cone;
901-pyramid, 902-annular pyramid;
1001-cambered surface structure, 1002-cutting surface and 1003-cambered cutting edge.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
In the present invention, terms such as "connected" and "connecting" should be interpreted broadly, and mean either a fixed connection or an integral connection or a detachable connection; may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be determined according to specific situations by persons skilled in the relevant scientific or technical field, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1-2, the self-excited axial-percussion and induced unloading coupled rock breaking drill bit comprises a drill bit body;
the drilling end of the drill bit body is provided with an external annular rock breaking part 1, and the middle part of the head end of the external annular rock breaking part 1 is inwards recessed along the axial direction of the drill bit to form a central rock breaking part 2 in a circular groove; wherein, the bottom end surface 202 of the central rock breaking part 2 is a plane, or an inward concave conical surface with the vertex positioned at one side far away from the bottom direction, or an outward convex conical surface with the vertex positioned at one side close to the bottom direction, and can be in other shapes;
the outer annular rock breaking part 1 is provided with a plurality of blades 3 and a plurality of cones 4 embedded with cone cutting teeth 401 along the circumferential direction; the blades 3 and the cones 4 may be alternately arranged as shown in fig. 1, or may be arranged in other required forms, and the arrangement manner between the blades 3 and the cones 4 is not limited in the present application;
the blade 3 extends from the edge of the central rock breaking part 2 to the side wall of the drill bit body;
the cone 4 is in rotary connection with a corresponding shaft neck on the outer annular rock breaking part 1; specifically, a bit leg is fixedly arranged on the outer annular rock breaking part 1 in the middle between the adjacent blades 3, one end of the bit leg is welded with the drill bit body into a whole, and a shaft neck is arranged at the other end of the bit leg; the cone 4 is sleeved on the journal to realize the rotary connection with the journal, and the cone 4 is axially locked on the journal, so that the cone 4 can rotate around the corresponding journal;
a plurality of outer ring cutting teeth 302 are arranged on the radial outer end surface 301 of the blade 3 along the generatrix direction;
the bottom end surface of the central rock breaking part 2 is provided with a central cutting tooth 201; specifically, a plurality of central blades are arranged on the bottom end surface 202 of the central rock breaking part 2 along the circumferential direction, and a plurality of central cutting teeth 201 are arranged on the end surface of each central blade along the bus direction;
the drill bit body is provided with a drill bit nozzle, the drill bit nozzle is communicated with a drill bit inner cavity inside the drill bit body through a nozzle flow channel, and the drill bit inner cavity is communicated with a drilling fluid flow channel.
Preferably, the vertical connecting surface 303 of the blade 3 facing the central rock breaking portion 2 is in a cylindrical surface structure;
the vertical connecting surfaces 303 of all the blades 3 are positioned on the same axial cylindrical surface, and the central axis of the axial cylindrical surface and the central axis of the central rock breaking part 2 are collinear with the central axis of the drill bit body;
the diameter of the axial cylindrical surface is consistent with that of the circular groove of the central rock breaking part 2.
Specifically, one end of the vertical connection surface 303 extends to the head end of the radial outer end surface 301 of the corresponding blade 3 along the axial direction of the drill bit, and the other end of the vertical connection surface 303 extends to the head end of the circular groove of the central rock breaking portion 2 along the axial direction of the drill bit.
According to the self-excited axial shock and induced unloading coupled rock breaking drill bit, when a stratum with higher ground stress is drilled, the outer ring cutting teeth 302 on the blades 3 and the cone cutting teeth 401 on the cone 4 firstly break rock at the outer ring part of the drill bit, and broken rock debris is discharged into a borehole annulus through the corresponding debris discharge channels along with drilling fluid sprayed by the outer discharge nozzles 5.
The bottom end surface 202 of the central rock breaking part 2 is concave, and the vertical connecting surfaces 303 of the blades 3 are connected to the concave circular grooves, so that concave cylindrical regions are formed in the region surrounded by the vertical connecting surfaces 303 of all the blades 3 and the concave region of the central rock breaking part 2, namely, concave and convex stepped structures are formed; during drilling of the formation, a "rock pillar" is formed within the concave cylindrical region. When the drill meets a region with higher ground stress, the rock drillability is poor, the rock pillar formed in the drilling process of the stepped structure effectively reduces or even eliminates the influence of the ground stress on the rock drillability, the rock drillability is greatly improved, and a stress unloading region is formed at the rock pillar part, so that the core digging situation can be effectively prevented. The central cutting teeth 201 crush the middle rock pillar, and the formed rock debris is carried and washed by the drilling fluid sprayed by the central nozzle 6 and then discharged into the annular space of the borehole through the corresponding debris discharge channel.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 3, the sum h of the height of the vertical connecting surface 303 in the axial direction of the drill and the height of the circular groove side wall of the central rock breaking portion 2 in the axial direction of the drill is 0.2D-2D;
the diameter D of the circular groove of the central rock breaking part 2 is 0.2D-0.8D, and D is the diameter of the drill bit.
In the size range, the rock breaking specific work of the drill bit is low, and the mechanical energy consumed for breaking the rock of unit volume is less, so that the service life of the drill bit is prolonged.
Preferably, the cone 4 has an envelope of the outermost cutting profile l formed by the cutting teeth 401 of the cone1Is higher than the envelope line l of the outermost cutting profile formed by the outer ring cutting teeth 302 on the blade 32As shown in fig. 3, such that the roller cutter teeth 401 on roller cone 4 contact the bottom hole first; in FIG. 3, |1' is1Envelope, l, mapped to one side of blade 31' higher than2Thus l1Higher than l2。
In the drilling process, the external annular rock breaking part 1 firstly contacts the bottom of a well, the drill bit integrally rotates under the action of the bit pressure torque, and the cone 4 autorotates in the process of rotating along with the drill bit; in the self-rotation process, the cutting teeth 401 of the cone 4 are alternatively grounded by single teeth and double teeth;
when the cutter teeth 401 on the cone 4 are changed from the double-tooth grounding to the single-tooth grounding due to autorotation, the drill bit is lifted integrally, the outer ring cutter teeth 302 on the blades 3 leave the bottom of the well, and the cutter teeth 401 on the roller 4 grounding break rock, as shown in fig. 4;
when the cutter teeth 401 of the cone 4 are changed from single tooth grounding to double tooth grounding due to autorotation, the whole bit is impacted downwards, the outer ring cutter teeth 302 on the blades 3 are grounded, and the bottom of the well after the stress of the crushing cone 4 is released is impacted and sheared, as shown in fig. 5;
therefore, the reciprocating motion of the drill bit in the axial direction is realized by alternately landing the single teeth and the double teeth of the cutter teeth 401, so that the high-frequency axial impact of the drill bit on the well bottom is realized, and the crushing of rocks at the outer ring part of the drill bit is accelerated.
Preferably, the drill bit nozzle comprises an outer ring nozzle 5 arranged on the outer annular rock breaking part 1 on one side of the blade 3 and a central nozzle 6 arranged on the bottom end face of the central rock breaking part 2; the structure ensures that drilling fluid sprayed from the nozzles can effectively clean and cool the cutting teeth at the main part of the rock to be broken, and avoids the repeated breaking phenomenon caused by the accumulation of rock debris;
the chip removal channel that sets up in the broken rock portion of outside annular 1 link up with the chip removal channel that the broken rock portion 2 of center set up mutually.
Drilling fluid is provided by the nozzle flow passage, the outer ring nozzle 5 and the central nozzle 6; a chip removal channel arranged in the external annular rock breaking part 1 is used for removing rock chips generated by drilling of the outer ring cutting teeth 302 and the roller cone cutting teeth 401 into the annulus of the borehole; the central breaking portion 2 is provided with a debris removal channel for removing debris generated by drilling the central cutting tooth 201 into the borehole annulus.
Preferably, the outer ring cutter 302 and the center cutter 201 are PDC teeth.
Example 2:
on the basis of the embodiment 1, the PDC teeth are multi-blade PDC cutting teeth, the end parts of the tooth bodies of the multi-blade PDC cutting teeth are cylindrical, the rock breaking ends of the multi-blade PDC cutting teeth comprise a plurality of layers of cutting tooth surfaces which are arranged outwards from the center in the radial direction and are distributed in a step shape, and the cutting tooth surfaces of all layers are parallel.
When the cutting tool is used, the cutting tooth surface at the head end of the center firstly contacts with the rock to play a cutting role; when the rock is too hard or used for a period of time, the cutting tooth surface of the central part is damaged and loses cutting effect, and the next layer of cutting tooth surface can play a cutting effect. Compare the cutting teeth that only has the individual layer cutting flank of tooth than current, the setting of this application multiple blade PDC cutting teeth has promoted the life of tooth.
The cutting tooth surface is a plane, a conical surface or a pyramid surface, and can be in other shapes.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 6, the cutting tooth surface is a flat surface, the cutting tooth surface located at the head end of the center is a circular flat surface 701, and the remaining cutting tooth surfaces distributed in a stepped manner are annular flat surfaces 702.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 7, the cutting tooth surface is a conical surface, the cutting tooth surface located at the head end of the center includes two intersecting conical surfaces 801, the remaining cutting tooth surfaces distributed in a stepped manner are annular conical surfaces 802,
specifically, as shown in fig. 8, the cutting tooth surface is a pyramidal surface, the cutting tooth surface located at the head end of the center includes a plurality of pyramidal surfaces 901 intersecting at a point, the remaining cutting tooth surfaces distributed in a step shape are annular pyramidal surfaces 902, the extension surfaces of the annular pyramidal surfaces 902 of the same layer also intersect at a point, and the point where the pyramidal surfaces 901 intersect and the point where the annular pyramidal surfaces 902 intersect are both located on the central axis of the PDC tooth. The configuration of the cutting tooth surface at the most head end of the center includes 3 pyramidal faces 901 as shown in fig. 8, and may include other numbers of pyramidal faces, which are not listed here.
Example 3:
on the basis of embodiment 1, as shown in fig. 9-11, the PDC tooth is a guju-shaped PDC cutting tooth, the tooth body end portion of the guju-shaped PDC cutting tooth is a cylinder, the rock breaking end of the guju-shaped PDC cutting tooth is an arc-shaped structure 1001, the radial outer end of the arc-shaped structure 1001 is provided with a plurality of cutting surfaces 1002, and an arc-shaped cutting edge 1003 bending towards the center direction of the PDC tooth is formed between the cutting surfaces 1002 and the arc-shaped structure 1001.
Compared with the existing cutting teeth, the ancient coin-shaped PDC cutting teeth can bear high-strength impact, are resistant to grinding and reduce rock breaking energy consumption and difficulty through plough cutting.
Example 4:
a self-excited shaft-impulse and induced unloading coupled rock breaking drilling speed increasing method is used for drilling based on the self-excited shaft-impulse and induced unloading coupled rock breaking drill bit in the embodiment 1, and the drilling speed increasing method comprises the following steps:
1) the external annular rock breaking part 1 firstly contacts a well bottom, the drill bit integrally rotates under the action of the bit pressure torque, and the cone 4 autorotates in the process of rotating along with the drill bit; the autorotation of the cone 4 causes the single-tooth and double-tooth landing of the cone cutting teeth 401 to alternately occur, the single-tooth and double-tooth alternate landing process causes the reciprocating motion of the drill bit along the axial direction, so that the high-frequency axial impact of the drill bit on the well bottom is realized, and the cone 4 and the outer ring cutting teeth 302 act together under the high-frequency axial impact to accelerate the crushing of rocks at the outer ring part of the drill bit; meanwhile, the stress of the hard-to-drill part of the outer ring can be released by utilizing the rugged well bottom formed by the gear wheel;
specifically, the process of cone 4 and outer ring cutter 302 coacting at high frequency axial impacts is:
when the cutter teeth 401 on the cone 4 are changed from the double-tooth grounding to the single-tooth grounding due to autorotation, the drill bit is lifted integrally, the outer ring cutter teeth 302 on the blades 3 leave the bottom of the well, and the cutter teeth 401 on the roller 4 grounding break rock, as shown in fig. 4;
when the cutter teeth 401 of the roller cone 4 are changed from single tooth landing to double tooth landing due to autorotation, the whole bit is impacted downwards, the outer ring cutter teeth 302 on the blades 3 land, and the impact shears the bottom of the well after the stress of the crushing roller cone 4 is released, as shown in fig. 5.
2) Along with the process of breaking rock by the outer ring cutting teeth 302 and the cone 4, rock columns are formed in the area of the central rock breaking part 2, and the bottom hole pressure is effectively released;
3) as the rock breaking progresses, the central cutting tooth 201 contacts the rock column, and the central cutting tooth 201 breaks the rock column under the action of the weight-on-bit torque;
4) in the process of drilling by breaking rocks with the drill bit, the nozzle flow passage sprays drilling fluid through the drill bit nozzle to clean the drill bit and carries rock debris to the ground through the corresponding debris discharge passage.
The invention utilizes the inner concave of the central rock breaking part 2 and the arrangement of the vertical connecting surface 303 on the blade 3 in the center of the drill bit to form an inner concave cylindrical area, and the formation of the area can release the rock stress at the central part of the well bottom in the drilling process, thereby realizing induced unloading; single teeth and double teeth generated by the rotation of the gear wheel 4 are alternatively landed to form axial vibration of the drill bit, so that high-frequency axial impact is formed, and the overall rock breaking speed is improved; the combination of the outer ring cutting teeth 302 on the blades 3, the cone cutting teeth 401 on the cone 4 and the central cutting teeth 201 is utilized to realize composite cutting, and the drilling speed is further improved.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is not intended to limit the present invention, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications and changes may be made without inventive efforts based on the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The self-excited shaft-impacting and induced unloading coupled rock breaking drill bit is characterized by comprising a drill bit body;
the drilling end of the drill bit body is provided with an external annular rock breaking part, and the middle part of the head end of the external annular rock breaking part is inwards concave along the axial direction of the drill bit to form a central rock breaking part in a circular groove;
the outer annular rock breaking part is provided with a plurality of blades and a plurality of cones embedded with cone cutting teeth along the circumferential direction;
the blades extend from the edge of the central rock breaking part to the side wall of the drill bit body;
the gear wheel is in rotary connection with a corresponding shaft neck on the outer annular rock breaking part;
a plurality of outer ring cutting teeth are arranged on the radial outer end surface of the blade wing along the direction of a generatrix;
the bottom end surface of the central rock breaking part is provided with a central cutting tooth;
the drill bit body is provided with a drill bit nozzle, and the drill bit nozzle is communicated with a drill bit inner cavity inside the drill bit body through a nozzle flow channel.
2. The self-excited axial-percussion and induced-unloading coupled rock breaking drill bit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the vertical connecting surface of the blade facing the central rock breaking portion is in a cylindrical surface structure;
the vertical connecting surfaces of all the blades are positioned on the same axial cylindrical surface, and the central axis of the axial cylindrical surface and the central axis of the central rock breaking part are collinear with the central axis of the drill bit body;
the diameter of the axial cylindrical surface is consistent with that of the circular groove of the central rock breaking part.
3. The self-excited axial-percussion and induced-unloading coupled rock-breaking drill bit as claimed in claim 2, wherein the sum h of the height of the vertical connecting surface in the axial direction of the drill bit and the height of the side wall of the circular groove of the central rock-breaking portion in the axial direction of the drill bit is 0.2D to 2D;
the diameter D of the circular groove of the central rock breaking part is 0.2D-0.8D, and D is the diameter of the drill bit.
4. A self-exciting-axis-impact and induction-unloading coupled rock-breaking drill bit as recited in claim 1, wherein an envelope l of an outermost cutting profile formed by cutting teeth of a cone on said cone1Is higher than the envelope line l of the outermost cutting profile formed by the cutting teeth of the outer ring on the blade2。
5. The self-excited axial-percussion and induced-unloading coupled rock breaking drill bit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the drill bit nozzles include an outer ring nozzle provided on an outer annular rock breaking portion on one side of the blade, a center nozzle provided on a bottom end face of the center rock breaking portion;
the chip removal channel that sets up in the broken rock portion of outside annular link up with the chip removal channel that the broken rock portion of center set up mutually.
6. A self-exciting axial-percussion and induction unloading coupled rock breaking drill bit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the outer ring cutting teeth and the central cutting teeth are PDC teeth.
7. The self-excited axial punching and induction unloading coupled rock breaking drill bit as claimed in claim 6, wherein the PDC teeth are multi-blade PDC cutting teeth, the end portions of the body of the multi-blade PDC cutting teeth are cylindrical, the rock breaking ends of the multi-blade PDC cutting teeth comprise a plurality of layers of cutting tooth surfaces which are arranged from the center to the outside in a radial direction and are distributed in a step shape, and the cutting tooth surfaces of the layers are parallel.
8. The self-excited shaft-punching and induced unloading coupled rock-breaking drill bit as claimed in claim 6, wherein the PDC teeth are ancient coin-shaped PDC cutting teeth, the end portions of the tooth bodies of the ancient coin-shaped PDC cutting teeth are cylinders, the rock-breaking ends of the ancient coin-shaped PDC cutting teeth are arc-shaped structures, a plurality of cutting faces are arranged at the radial outer ends of the arc-shaped structures, and arc-shaped cutting edges bent towards the center direction of the PDC teeth are formed between the cutting faces and the arc-shaped structures.
9. The self-excited shaft-impulse and induced unloading coupled rock breaking drilling acceleration method is characterized in that drilling is carried out based on the self-excited shaft-impulse and induced unloading coupled rock breaking drill bit as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, and the drilling acceleration method comprises the following steps:
1) the external annular rock breaking part firstly contacts the well bottom, the drill bit integrally rotates under the action of the bit pressure torque, and the cone autorotates in the process of rotating along with the drill bit; the autorotation of the cone causes the single tooth and the double tooth of the cutting teeth of the cone to touch the ground alternately, and the single tooth and the double tooth cause the reciprocating motion of the drill bit along the axial direction in the process of touching the ground alternately, so that the high-frequency axial impact of the drill bit on the well bottom is realized, and the cone and the outer ring cutting teeth act together under the high-frequency axial impact to accelerate the crushing of rocks at the outer ring part of the drill bit;
2) along with the proceeding of rock breaking of the outer ring cutting teeth and the cone, rock columns are formed in the central rock breaking part area, and the bottom hole pressure is effectively released;
3) along with the process of rock breaking, the central cutting teeth contact the rock column and break the rock column under the action of the weight-on-bit torque;
4) in the process of drilling by breaking rocks with the drill bit, the nozzle flow passage sprays drilling fluid through the drill bit nozzle to clean the drill bit and carries rock debris to the ground through the corresponding debris discharge passage.
10. The self-excited axial shock and induced unloading coupled rock breaking drilling acceleration method of claim 9, characterized in that the process of the combined action of the cone and the outer ring cutting teeth under the high-frequency axial shock is as follows:
when the cutter teeth of the cone on the cone are changed from double-tooth grounding to single-tooth grounding due to autorotation, the drill bit is lifted integrally, the outer ring cutter teeth on the blades leave the bottom of the well, and the cutter teeth on the cone grounding break rock;
when the cutting teeth of the cone on the cone are changed from single tooth landing to double tooth landing due to autorotation, the whole bit is impacted downwards, the outer ring cutting teeth on the blades land, and the impact shears the bottom of the well after the stress of the cone is released.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110338814.6A CN113107371A (en) | 2021-03-30 | 2021-03-30 | Self-excitation shaft-impacting and induced unloading coupling rock breaking drill bit and drilling speed increasing method |
| PCT/CN2021/089849 WO2022205546A1 (en) | 2021-03-30 | 2021-04-26 | Self-excitation shaft punching and induced unloading coupling rock breaking drill bit and drilling speed-up method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110338814.6A CN113107371A (en) | 2021-03-30 | 2021-03-30 | Self-excitation shaft-impacting and induced unloading coupling rock breaking drill bit and drilling speed increasing method |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN113107371A true CN113107371A (en) | 2021-07-13 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110338814.6A Pending CN113107371A (en) | 2021-03-30 | 2021-03-30 | Self-excitation shaft-impacting and induced unloading coupling rock breaking drill bit and drilling speed increasing method |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN113107371A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2022205546A1 (en) |
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| CN114352207A (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-04-15 | 中国矿业大学 | Hydraulic transmission type variable-diameter PDC drill bit |
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- 2021-03-30 CN CN202110338814.6A patent/CN113107371A/en active Pending
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| CN117345115A (en) * | 2023-12-04 | 2024-01-05 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Drill bit with strong track control capability and high drilling efficiency under action of pushing force |
| CN117345115B (en) * | 2023-12-04 | 2024-03-15 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Drill bit with strong track control capability and high drilling efficiency under action of pushing force |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2022205546A1 (en) | 2022-10-06 |
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