CN113106510A - Metal structural part machining device and machining method thereof - Google Patents
Metal structural part machining device and machining method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113106510A CN113106510A CN202110383409.6A CN202110383409A CN113106510A CN 113106510 A CN113106510 A CN 113106510A CN 202110383409 A CN202110383409 A CN 202110383409A CN 113106510 A CN113106510 A CN 113106510A
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- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/22—Electroplating combined with mechanical treatment during the deposition
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D17/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells for electrolytic coating
- C25D17/10—Electrodes, e.g. composition, counter electrode
- C25D17/12—Shape or form
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D21/00—Processes for servicing or operating cells for electrolytic coating
- C25D21/12—Process control or regulation
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Abstract
The invention discloses a metal structural part processing device and a processing method thereof, relating to the technical field of electroforming processing, wherein the device comprises an electroforming working groove, an anode unit positioned in the electroforming working groove and a porous elastic supporting structural part for accommodating a metal structural part; the inner wall surface of the porous elastic supporting structural part is an elastic surface; in a working state, microbeads are arranged between the elastic surface and the metal structural part; the beads cover the metal structural member. When the distance between the surface of the metal structural member and the anode unit is gradually reduced, a large number of hard microbeads extrude the porous elastic supporting structural member, and the pressure between the hard microbeads and the surface of the cathode core mold is released on the porous elastic supporting structural member, so that the requirement for manufacturing the metal structural member with larger thickness and larger wall thickness is met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electroforming, in particular to a metal structural part processing device and a processing method thereof.
Background
The free micro-bead friction-assisted electroforming technology can thoroughly remove the defects of pinholes, pits, nodulation and the like of an electroforming layer in the traditional electroforming technology, is widely applied to the technical field of manufacturing of metal structural parts, is used as a special processing method of important forming parts, and has important application in manufacturing of metal structural parts with large wall thickness. For example, it is very important to be applied to the manufacture of large-wall-thickness parts such as a special structure of a thrust chamber body of a liquid hydrogen liquid oxygen rocket engine, a large supersonic speed wind tunnel nozzle, a large pressure vessel, a large reflecting mirror and the like.
However, with the demand and the manufacturing requirement of the metal structural part with the large wall thickness being higher and higher, for example, the thickness of the outer wall of the body part of the thrust chamber of the liquid rocket engine generally needs to reach 6-8 mm, sometimes even thicker, and the free micro-bead friction auxiliary electroforming technology cannot meet the manufacturing requirement.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a metal structural part processing device and a processing method thereof, which are used for meeting the requirement of manufacturing a metal structural part with larger thickness and large wall thickness.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
a metallic structural member processing apparatus comprising:
the electroforming working groove, the anode unit positioned in the electroforming working groove and the porous elastic supporting structural member for accommodating the metal structural member;
the inner wall surface of the porous elastic supporting structural part is an elastic surface;
in a working state, microbeads are arranged between the elastic surface and the metal structural part; the beads cover the metallic structural member.
Optionally, the anode unit is disposed between the electroforming cell and the porous resilient support structure.
Optionally, an outer wall surface of the porous elastic support structure is attached to an inner wall surface of the anode unit, and the outer wall surface of the porous elastic support structure is an elastic surface.
Optionally, the anode unit comprises an anode basket and a plurality of anode balls disposed within the anode basket; the anode basket is of a groove-shaped structure with openings at two ends.
Optionally, an image anode is arranged in the anode basket; the pictographic anode is positioned between the anode ball and the porous elastic supporting structural part; the shape of the pictographic anode is determined according to the shape of the metal structural member.
Optionally, a gap exists between the anode unit and the porous elastic support structure; the outer wall surface of the porous elastic supporting structural member is a non-elastic surface.
Optionally, the porous elastic support structure comprises a porous channel structure and a porous elastic support embedded in the porous channel structure; the porous groove body structural member is of a groove-shaped structure with openings at two ends.
Optionally, the metal structural member processing device is in an operating state, and the beads and the porous elastic support structural member are placed in a gauze.
Optionally, a flushing device is arranged on the electroforming working groove; and a power supply device is arranged on one side of the electroforming working groove.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a processing method applied to a metal structural member processing apparatus, including:
after the metal structural part is placed in the porous elastic supporting structural part, placing microbeads between the porous elastic supporting structural part and the metal structural part;
injecting an electroforming solution into an electroforming working groove after the metal structural part is covered by the microbeads;
and after the metal structural part is immersed by the electroforming liquid, performing electroforming operation on the metal structural part.
According to the specific embodiment provided by the invention, the invention discloses the following technical effects:
in the free micro-bead friction-assisted electroforming process, the metal structural part is placed in an electroforming working groove of a metal structural part processing device to be used as a cathode core mold; hard micro-beads are added between the cathode mandrel and the anode of the processing device, and electroforming solution is added. The moving cathode core mold drives the hard micro-beads to continuously rub and extrude the electroformed layer, so that the electroformed layer with a smooth and bright appearance surface and without defects of pits, needle holes, knots and the like can be obtained.
When the thickness of the electroforming layer of the metal structural member is gradually increased, the distance between the surface of the metal structural member (cathode core mold) and the anode unit is gradually reduced, the pressure between the hard microspheres and the surface of the cathode core mold is increased, and the friction strength of the hard microspheres to the cathode core mold is increased.
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a porous elastic support structure for accommodating a metal structure (cathode core mold), wherein a large number of hard beads extrude the porous elastic support structure, and the pressure between the hard beads and the surface of the cathode core mold is released on the porous elastic support structure, thereby overcoming the problems that the friction strength of the hard beads to the cathode core mold cannot be controlled due to the continuous rise of the pressure between the hard beads and the surface of the cathode core mold, and the performance of an electroformed layer becomes poor, and meeting the requirement for manufacturing a large-wall-thickness metal structure with a larger thickness.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a general bead friction-assisted electroforming process;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a finished metallic structural member manufactured using a prior art technique;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the principle of a bead friction-assisted electroforming process for a large-thickness electroformed layer with a porous elastic support structure;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the principle of the porous elastic support structure when the electroformed layer reaches a certain thickness;
FIG. 5 is a schematic three-dimensional structure of an anode basket according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a pictorial view of an anode basket according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a bead friction-assisted electroforming process using a porous flexible support structure incorporating a pictographic anode;
fig. 8 is a schematic flow chart of a machining method of the metal structural member machining apparatus according to the present invention.
Description of the symbols: 1. a liquid flushing device; 2. an anode ball; 3. a porous resilient support structure; 4. ceramic microbeads; 5. a direct current power supply; 6. a liquid outlet; 7. a cathode mandrel (metal structural member); 8. an anode basket; 9. electroforming a working groove; 10. an anode plate; 11. a pictographic anode; 12. an anode unit.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention aims to provide a metal structural part processing device and a processing method thereof, which are used for meeting the requirement of manufacturing a metal structural part with larger thickness and large wall thickness.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
Interpretation of terms
Free bead friction-assisted electroforming technology: in the friction-assisted electroforming metal structure, the friction strength between the cathode mandrel (metal structure) and the electroforming layer can be enhanced by increasing the rotation speed of the cathode mandrel, that is, the relative movement speed of the friction particles (microbeads) and the electroforming layer surface as shown in fig. 1, the surface roughness of the electroforming layer is reduced, and the mechanical properties such as microhardness and tensile strength are improved. In order to obtain an electroformed layer having certain mechanical properties (surface roughness, microhardness, mechanical strength), desired results are generally obtained by setting parameters such as the cathode mandrel rotation speed and current density based on basic experimental results.
When parameters such as the rotating speed of the cathode core mold, the current density, the solution temperature, the pH value and the like are fixed, the thickness of the electroforming layer is continuously increased along with the extension of the deposition time, so that the gap between the cathode and the anode is continuously reduced, and the hard microspheres wrapped on the surface of the cathode core mold are extruded.
The flow rate of the solution at the bottom of the electroforming working groove is greatly reduced, and the stacking density of the hard micro-beads is much higher than that of the solution, so that the hard micro-beads cannot be disturbed. This results in the continuous aggregation of a large amount of hard microbeads, which are incompressible in volume, so that the pressure between the hard microbeads at the bottom of the electroforming work groove and the surface of the cathode mandrel is continuously increased, the parameter conditions of the basic test are changed, and the electroformed layer with excessive internal stress, i.e., the performance of the electroformed layer, is obtained. When the thickness of the electroformed layer is further increased, the pressure between the hard beads and the surface of the cathode mandrel is further increased, so that the friction force between the hard beads and the surface of the rotating cathode mandrel is also increased, the friction strength cannot be controlled within a set range, finally, dents are left in the electroformed layer (as shown in fig. 2) due to excessive hard bead pressure or excessive friction strength, the performance of the electroformed layer is deteriorated, and even the metal structural member is failed.
In view of the above, the invention improves the metal structural part processing device adopting the free bead friction auxiliary electroforming technology, and a porous elastic supporting structural part is arranged in an electroforming working groove. When the device works, micro-beads are put between the porous elastic supporting structural part and the metal structural part, and then electroforming processing operation is carried out.
Example one
To the problem that when the free bead friction-assisted electroforming technology is adopted to process a large-wall-thickness metal structural part, the bead friction strength cannot be controlled, the embodiment provides a metal structural part processing device for adjusting the bead friction strength in a friction-assisted electroforming large-thickness electroforming layer.
As shown in fig. 3 and 7, the metal structural member processing apparatus according to the present embodiment includes an electroforming work tank 9, an anode unit 12 located inside the electroforming work tank 9, and a porous elastic support structural member 3 that accommodates a metal structural member (hereinafter referred to as a cathode core mold 7); the inner wall surface of the porous elastic support structure 3 is an elastic surface, and the inner wall surface, the outer wall surface, and the region between the inner wall surface and the outer wall surface of the porous elastic support structure 3 are all porous structures.
As shown in fig. 4, in the operating state, ceramic microbeads 4 are provided between the elastic surface and the cathode mandrel 7; the ceramic beads 4 are coated on the cathode mandrel 7. When the thickness of the electroforming layer of the cathode core mold 7 is gradually increased, the distance between the surface of the cathode core mold 7 and the anode unit 12 is gradually reduced, the pressure between the ceramic beads 4 and the surface of the cathode core mold 7 is increased, at the moment, a large number of ceramic beads 4 extrude the porous elastic supporting structural member 3, the pressure between the ceramic beads 4 and the surface of the cathode core mold 7 is released on the porous elastic supporting structural member 3, the problem that the performance of the electroforming layer is poor due to the fact that the pressure between the ceramic beads 4 and the surface of the cathode core mold 7 is continuously increased and the friction strength of the ceramic beads 4 to the cathode core mold 7 cannot be controlled is solved, and the requirement for manufacturing a large-wall-thickness metal structural member with larger thickness is met.
As a preferred embodiment, the anode unit 12 according to the invention is arranged between the electroforming work cell 9 and the porous elastic support structure 3.
In a preferred embodiment, the anode unit 12 according to the present invention is a structure for accommodating the porous elastic support structure 3, that is, the outer wall surface of the porous elastic support structure 3 is attached to the inner wall surface of the anode unit 12, in this case, the outer wall surface of the porous elastic support structure 3 may be an elastic surface.
In the above-described structural relationship, the porous elastic support structure 3 does not require any other support member.
The porous elastic supporting structural member 3 is made of porous elastic materials, is soft, has the thickness of about 10-30 mm, has good shape adaptability and strong water absorption, and ensures the connectivity of the electroforming solution; the density of the porous elastic support member is about 0.02-0.03 g/cm3The stiffness of the cellular elastic support structure 3 at 25% compression is around 1.9 KPa.
The porous elastic supporting structural member 3 can be contacted with the surface of the cathode core mold 7, and a gap of 5-10 mm can also be kept. The porous elastic support structure 3 can well accommodate the ceramic beads due to its porous surface.
The porous elastic support structure 3 is a sponge made of polymer such as foamed resin, polyester, or the like.
The anode unit 12 comprises an anode basket 8 and a plurality of anode balls 2 arranged in the anode basket 8, wherein the anode basket 8 is of a hollow groove-shaped structure with openings at two ends; as shown in fig. 5 and 6, the anode basket 8 may be a U-shaped basket with a groove at the bottom. The anode basket 8 can be separately processed, and the material for manufacturing the anode basket 8 is pvc hard plastic. The anode frame 8 is used to adjust the anode shape of the anode unit 12 (for the anode nickel ball).
When a complex curved surface part is processed, as shown in fig. 7, an image anode 11 is also arranged in the anode basket 8; the pictographic anode 11 is positioned between the anode ball 2 and the porous elastic support structure 3; the shape of the pictographic anode 11 is determined by the shape of the cathode mandrel 7.
Wherein the anode ball 2 is an anode material such as nickel beads, copper beads, etc. Stacking the anode balls 2 together as an anode structure has the advantage that it can be added and profiled and, after dissolution, fills the pictographic anode space under the influence of gravity. The pictographic anode 11 is an insoluble metal such as a titanium anode or a coated titanium anode.
In a preferred embodiment, there is a gap between the anode unit 12 and the porous elastic support structure 3, in which case, the outer wall surface of the porous elastic support structure 3 is an inelastic surface, and the anode unit 12 may be an anode plate 10 as shown in fig. 1.
Under the above structural relationship, the porous elastic support structure 3 comprises a porous groove-shaped structure and a porous elastic support embedded in the porous groove-shaped structure; the porous groove body structural member is of a groove-shaped structure with openings at two ends, and is used for supporting the porous elastic supporting member.
The porous elastic supporting piece is made of porous elastic materials, is soft, has the thickness of about 10-30 mm, has good shape adaptability and strong water absorption, and ensures the connectivity of the electroforming solution; the density of the porous elastic support member is about 0.02-0.03 g/cm3The hardness of the porous elastic support member at 25% compression is about 1.9KPa,
the porous elastic supporting piece can be contacted with the surface of the cathode core mould 7 and can also keep a gap of 5-10 mm. The ceramic microspheres can be well accommodated due to the porous surface of the porous elastic support.
The porous elastic support is a sponge made of polymers such as foaming resin and polyester.
In a preferred embodiment, the metal structural member processing device according to the present invention is configured such that the ceramic beads 4 and the porous elastic support structure 3 are placed in the gauze in an operating state.
In a preferred embodiment, in the metal structural member processing apparatus according to the present invention, the flushing device 1 is provided at the bottom or one side of the electroforming work tank 9; a power supply means such as a DC power supply 5 is provided on the side of the electroforming work tank 9. As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the flushing device is arranged at the bottom of the electroforming work tank 9, the liquid outlet 6 is arranged on the side wall of the electroforming work tank, the direct current power supply 5 is arranged at one side of the electroforming work tank, the positive pole of the direct current power supply 5 is connected with the anode unit 12, and the negative pole of the direct current power supply 5 is connected with the cathode mandrel 7.
Example two
As shown in fig. 8, the invention further provides a machining method of the metal structural part machining apparatus according to the first application embodiment, including:
step S1: after the metal structural member is placed in the porous elastic supporting structural member, microbeads are placed between the porous elastic supporting structural member and the metal structural member.
The particle size of the microbeads in the step is 0.5-1.2 mm, and the microbeads are hard and have better wear resistance.
Preferably, microbeads are uniformly added between the porous elastic support structure and the metal structure and form a thin layer.
Step S2: and injecting an electroforming liquid into the electroforming working groove after the metal structural part is covered by the microbeads.
Step S3: and after the metal structural part is immersed by the electroforming liquid, performing electroforming operation on the metal structural part.
In the electroforming process, the electroforming layer is slightly ground by means of the gravity of the hard microspheres and the relative motion of the hard microspheres and the metal structural part (cathode core mold). When the rotating speed is fixed, the distance between the surface of the cathode mandrel and the anode unit is gradually reduced along with the continuous thickening of the electroforming layer, and the aggregation and extrusion of a large number of hard microspheres enable the porous elastic supporting structural member, namely the volume of the porous elastic supporting structural member to be compressed, so that the hard microspheres keep relatively constant friction force on the electroforming layer, and the friction of each point on the surface of the electroforming layer is uniform and consistent.
Before step S1 is executed, the metal structure machining apparatus needs to be assembled, and the assembly process is as follows:
when the anode unit consists of an anode basket and an anode ball, the assembly process is as follows:
and (5) manufacturing the anode basket meeting the requirements.
And placing the anode basket in an electroforming working groove, and wrapping the anode ball in the anode basket by using an anode bag. At this time, the anode balls are opposite to the cathode mandrel which is subsequently arranged and keep a uniform distance.
After the anode ball is placed, a gauze is placed on one surface in the anode basket, which is opposite to the cathode core mould, and a porous elastic supporting structural member with elastic surfaces on the outer wall surface and the inner wall surface is placed on the gauze. At this time, the porous elastic support structure member is surrounded by the anode unit composed of the anode basket and the anode ball, and the porous elastic support structure member surrounds the cathode mandrel which is subsequently placed.
The cathode mandrel is horizontally placed in the central area of the electroforming working groove through an external placing device.
When the anode unit is composed of an anode basket, an anode ball and a pictographic anode, the assembling process is similar to that when the anode unit is composed of the anode basket and the anode ball, and the difference is that the pictographic anode is placed on the anode ball after the anode ball is placed, and the pictographic anode is opposite to a subsequently placed cathode core mold; after the pictographic anode is placed, a gauze is placed on one surface of the anode basket, which is opposite to the cathode core mold.
The gauze can be made of acid-alkali-resistant nylon or polytetrafluoroethylene materials, and the mesh number is 16-50 meshes.
When the anode unit is composed of the anode plate, the composition process is as follows:
and manufacturing the anode plate meeting the requirement.
Two anode plates are placed in an electroforming working groove, and the two anode plates are opposite to a subsequently placed cathode core mold and keep a uniform distance.
And placing a porous elastic supporting structural member with the outer wall surface being a non-elastic surface between the two anode plates by using the placing device, wherein the porous elastic supporting structural member surrounds the subsequently placed cathode core mold.
The cathode mandrel is horizontally placed in the central area of the electroforming working groove through an external placing device.
In another embodiment, the order of steps S1 and S2 of the processing method provided by the present invention may be changed, that is, after the metal structural member is placed in the porous elastic support structural member, the electroforming solution is controlled to flow in from the bottom or upper part of the electroforming tank, then microbeads are placed between the porous elastic support structural member and the metal structural member to cover the cathode mandrel, and after the metal structural member is immersed in the electroforming solution, the power supply is turned on to perform the electroforming operation.
In order to achieve the electroforming effect, the distance between the anode unit 12 and the cathode mandrel 7 is about 15 to 35 mm. And when the thickness of the electroforming layer is less than 3mm, the porous elastic supporting structural member can be used for assisting electroforming.
By the processing device and the processing method provided by the invention, the problems of overlarge internal stress, residual surface friction trace and the like of the hard bead auxiliary friction large-thickness electroformed layer are solved.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein using specific examples, which are provided only to help understand the method and the core concept of the present invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A metal structural member processing apparatus, characterized by comprising:
the electroforming working groove, the anode unit positioned in the electroforming working groove and the porous elastic supporting structural member for accommodating the metal structural member;
the inner wall surface of the porous elastic supporting structural part is an elastic surface;
in a working state, microbeads are arranged between the elastic surface and the metal structural part; the beads cover the metallic structural member.
2. A metallic structural member processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the anode unit is disposed between the electroforming work cell and the porous elastic support structural member.
3. A metallic structural member processing apparatus according to claim 1 or 2,
the outer wall surface of the porous elastic supporting structural member is attached to the inner wall surface of the anode unit, and the outer wall surface of the porous elastic supporting structural member is an elastic surface.
4. A metallic structural member processing apparatus as set forth in claim 3, wherein said anode unit comprises an anode basket and a plurality of anode balls disposed in said anode basket; the anode basket is of a groove-shaped structure with openings at two ends.
5. A metallic structural member processing apparatus as set forth in claim 4, wherein an image anode is provided in said anode basket; the pictographic anode is positioned between the anode ball and the porous elastic supporting structural part; the shape of the pictographic anode is determined according to the shape of the metal structural member.
6. A metallic structural member processing apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a gap is present between the anode unit and the porous elastic support member; the outer wall surface of the porous elastic supporting structural member is a non-elastic surface.
7. The metal structure processing device according to claim 6, wherein the porous elastic support structure comprises a porous channel structure and a porous elastic support embedded in the porous channel structure; the porous groove body structural member is of a groove-shaped structure with openings at two ends.
8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the beads and the porous resilient support structure are disposed within a gauze when the apparatus is in operation.
9. A metallic structural member processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said electroforming work bath has a flushing means; and a power supply device is arranged on one side of the electroforming working groove.
10. A method for processing a metallic structural member, which is applied to the metallic structural member processing apparatus according to claim 1, comprising:
after the metal structural part is placed in the porous elastic supporting structural part, placing microbeads between the porous elastic supporting structural part and the metal structural part;
injecting an electroforming solution into an electroforming working groove after the metal structural part is covered by the microbeads;
and after the metal structural part is immersed by the electroforming liquid, performing electroforming operation on the metal structural part.
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| CN115110124A (en) * | 2022-05-20 | 2022-09-27 | 南京航空航天大学 | Electroforming method for preparing metal laminated material and application thereof |
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| CN111172564A (en) * | 2020-01-15 | 2020-05-19 | 山东理工大学 | Cathode composite motion type free microbead friction auxiliary electroforming device and method |
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| CN115110124A (en) * | 2022-05-20 | 2022-09-27 | 南京航空航天大学 | Electroforming method for preparing metal laminated material and application thereof |
| CN115110124B (en) * | 2022-05-20 | 2023-12-22 | 南京航空航天大学 | Electroforming method for preparing metal laminated material |
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