CN113106445B - Laser cladding method - Google Patents
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- CN113106445B CN113106445B CN202110373725.5A CN202110373725A CN113106445B CN 113106445 B CN113106445 B CN 113106445B CN 202110373725 A CN202110373725 A CN 202110373725A CN 113106445 B CN113106445 B CN 113106445B
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- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
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- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
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- C22C19/07—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on cobalt
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Abstract
The invention discloses a laser cladding method, relates to the technical field of laser cladding, and aims to improve the welding performance of an alloy material, crack a wear-resistant layer and improve the performance and quality of the wear-resistant layer. The alloy material comprises a cobalt-based alloy material and a nickel-based alloy material. Wherein, the alloy material comprises 7-10% of nickel-based alloy material by mass percentage, and the balance of cobalt-based alloy material. The laser cladding method comprises the following steps: a preform is provided having a damping surface. The alloy material provided by the technical scheme is a cladding material, and cladding operation is performed on the damping surface along the extension direction of the damping surface by using laser cladding equipment to obtain the wear-resistant layer formed on the damping surface. The wear-resistant layer comprises at least one cladding layer, and each cladding layer is composed of N cladding channels. The alloy material provided by the invention is used for forming a wear-resistant layer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of laser cladding, in particular to a laser cladding method.
Background
The turbine rotating blades are key parts of the engine, and the contact surface between the turbine rotating blades is a damping surface of a blade shroud. In the using process, the blade shrouds are mutually impacted and rubbed to cause abrasion, so that the clearance between the blade shrouds is enlarged. Under the action of high-temperature and high-pressure fuel gas, the bending moment of a blade root is increased, the root of the blade is cracked, and the blade is broken.
In the prior art, in order to prolong the service life of the blade, argon arc surfacing is adopted, and an alloy material is surfacing-welded on a damping surface of a blade crown to form a wear-resistant layer. However, the existing alloy material has poor weldability and is easy to generate cracks, so that the performance and the quality of the wear-resistant layer are influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a laser cladding method to improve the welding performance of an alloy material, crack a wear-resistant layer and improve the performance and quality of the wear-resistant layer.
In a first aspect, the present invention provides an alloy material. The alloy material comprises a cobalt-based alloy material and a nickel-based alloy material. Wherein, the alloy material comprises 7-10% of nickel-based alloy material by mass percentage, and the balance of cobalt-based alloy material.
Under the condition of adopting the technical scheme, the alloy material comprises a cobalt-based alloy material and a nickel-based alloy material. The cobalt-based alloy material has good high-temperature wear resistance, but has poor weldability and is easy to generate cracks. The nickel-based alloy material has good high-temperature resistance and good weldability, but has poor wear resistance. The alloy material has the advantages of both cobalt-base alloy material and nickel-base alloy material, so that the alloy material has good weldability and high-temperature wear resistance. In addition, because the alloy material comprises a cobalt-based alloy material and a nickel-based alloy material, the alloy material can form metallurgical bonding with the base material after cladding, the bonding strength is good, the weaving compactness and wear resistance are better, and the manufacturability is stable. In addition, the alloy material comprising the cobalt-based alloy material and the nickel-based alloy material also has the performance of resisting acid corrosion and stress corrosion, and the service life of a wear-resistant layer formed by cladding the alloy material is prolonged.
Moreover, through the research of the inventor, the proportion of the nickel-based alloy material in the alloy material is too low, and the alloy material is easy to crack when being cladded for many times; the proportion of the nickel-based alloy material in the alloy material is too high, and the strength and the wear-resisting property of a wear-resisting layer formed by cladding the cobalt-based alloy material independently are obviously reduced. The alloy material comprises 7-10% of nickel-based alloy material and the balance of cobalt-based alloy material by mass percentage, so that the alloy material is not easy to crack when being cladded for many times, and the strength and the wear-resisting property of a wear-resisting layer formed by being independently cladded with the cobalt-based alloy material are not greatly different, and the requirements of the strength and the wear-resisting property of the wear-resisting layer can be met.
In a second aspect, the invention also provides a laser cladding method. The laser cladding method comprises the following steps:
a preform is provided having a damping surface.
And taking the alloy material described in the first aspect as a cladding material, and carrying out cladding operation on the damping surface along the extending direction of the damping surface by using laser cladding equipment to obtain the wear-resistant layer formed on the damping surface. The wear-resistant layer comprises at least one cladding layer, and each cladding layer is composed of N cladding channels. N is an integer greater than or equal to 1.
The beneficial effects of the laser cladding method provided by the second aspect are the same as those of the alloy material described in the first aspect, and are not described herein again.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 and 2 are metallographic structure diagrams in examples of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "secured to" or "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or be indirectly on the other element. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or be indirectly connected to the other element.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise. The meaning of "a number" is one or more unless specifically limited otherwise.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
The turbine rotating blades are key parts of the engine, and the contact surface between the turbine rotating blades is a Z-shaped damping surface of a blade shroud. In the using process, the blade shrouds are mutually impacted and rubbed to cause abrasion, so that the clearance between the blade shrouds is enlarged. Under the action of high-temperature and high-pressure fuel gas, the bending moment of a blade root is increased, the root of the blade is cracked, and the blade is broken.
In the prior art, in order to prolong the service life of the blade, argon arc surfacing is adopted, and an alloy material is surfacing-welded on a damping surface of a blade crown to form a wear-resistant layer. However, the existing alloy material has poor weldability, is easy to generate cracks, and influences the performance and quality of the wear-resistant layer. Moreover, argon arc surfacing is adopted, so that the method has the defects of low qualification rate of one-time surfacing, large heat affected zone, large residual stress, easy crack generation of subsequent machining, poor controllability, high requirement on operators and the like.
The embodiment of the invention provides an alloy material. The alloy material comprises a cobalt-based alloy material and a nickel-based alloy material. Wherein, the alloy material comprises 7-10% of nickel-based alloy material by mass percentage, and the balance of cobalt-based alloy material.
In one example, the alloy material comprises, in mass percent, 7%, 8%, or 10% of a nickel-based alloy material, with the remainder being a cobalt-based alloy material.
The nickel-based alloy material can be GH738 nickel-based alloy or GH625 nickel-based alloy. The GH738 nickel-based alloy or the GH625 nickel-based alloy has good high-temperature resistance and good weldability, and the alloy material has good weldability and high-temperature wear resistance after being used as an alloy material together with a cobalt-based alloy material.
The cobalt-based alloy material may be 800 cobalt-based alloy. The 800 cobalt-based alloy has good high-temperature wear resistance, and after being used as an alloy material with a nickel-based alloy material, the alloy material has good weldability and high-temperature wear resistance.
Under the condition of adopting the technical scheme, the alloy material comprises a cobalt-based alloy material and a nickel-based alloy material. The cobalt-based alloy material has good high-temperature wear resistance, but has poor weldability and is easy to generate cracks. The nickel-based alloy material has good high-temperature resistance and good weldability, but has poor wear resistance. The alloy material has the advantages of both cobalt-base alloy material and nickel-base alloy material, so that the alloy material has good weldability and high-temperature wear resistance. In addition, because the alloy material comprises a cobalt-based alloy material and a nickel-based alloy material, the alloy material can form metallurgical bonding with the base material after cladding, the bonding strength is good, the weaving compactness and wear resistance are better, and the manufacturability is stable. In addition, the alloy material comprising the cobalt-based alloy material and the nickel-based alloy material also has the performance of resisting acid corrosion and stress corrosion, and the service life of a wear-resistant layer formed by cladding the alloy material is prolonged.
Moreover, through the research of the inventor, the proportion of the nickel-based alloy material in the alloy material is too low, and the alloy material is easy to crack when being cladded for many times; the proportion of the nickel-based alloy material in the alloy material is too high, and the strength and the wear-resisting property of a wear-resisting layer formed by cladding the cobalt-based alloy material independently are obviously reduced. The alloy material comprises 7-10% of nickel-based alloy material and the balance of cobalt-based alloy material by mass percentage, so that the alloy material is not easy to crack when being cladded for many times, and the strength and the wear resistance of a wear-resistant layer formed by cladding the alloy material and the cobalt-based alloy material independently are not greatly different, and the requirements of the strength and the wear resistance of the wear-resistant layer can be met.
The invention also provides a laser cladding method. The laser cladding method comprises the following steps:
step S100: a preform is provided having a damping surface. The preform may be, but is not limited to, a tip shroud of a turbine rotor blade. The damping surface is a Z-shaped damping surface of the blade shroud. Typically the tip shroud has two "Z-shaped" damping surfaces.
The preform may be a cleaned preform. When the prefabricated member is a blade shroud of the turbine rotating blade, the damping surface of the blade shroud to be processed and the range of 2mm around the damping surface can be polished to remove oxide skin, surface impurities and the like, and then the prefabricated member is cleaned and dried by acetone to obtain the cleaned prefabricated member.
By adopting the technical scheme, the prefabricated part is a cleaned prefabricated part, so that the defects of air holes, incomplete fusion and the like in the cladding process can be prevented, a cladding layer and a base material can be conveniently and better metallurgically bonded, and the cladding quality is improved.
In practical application, the prepared prefabricated member is fixed at the installation position of the laser cladding equipment by using the tool clamp, so that the tip of the cladding head of the laser cladding equipment can safely reach the damping surface of the prefabricated member, the starting point and the ending point of cladding can be conveniently and accurately calibrated, and the cladding path is ensured not to be interfered.
When the prefabricated member has a plurality of damping surfaces, the prefabricated member can be fixed by the tool clamp with the rotating and positioning functions, and after one damping surface is coated, the prefabricated member can be rotated by the tool clamp, so that the laser coating equipment can coat the plurality of damping surfaces of the prefabricated member. Certainly, the tool clamp does not have the rotating and positioning functions, and after one damping surface is cladded, the mounting position of the prefabricated part on the tool clamp is manually adjusted so as to clad other damping surfaces of the prefabricated part, and a plurality of damping surfaces of the prefabricated part can be cladded.
Step 200: and carrying out cladding operation on the damping surface along the extension direction of the damping surface by using laser cladding equipment by taking the alloy material as a cladding material to obtain the wear-resistant layer formed on the damping surface. The wear-resistant layer comprises at least one cladding layer, and each cladding layer is composed of N cladding channels. N is an integer greater than or equal to 1.
In one example, cobalt-based alloy powder and nickel-based alloy powder can be mixed uniformly in advance according to a certain proportion to form alloy powder, and then the alloy powder is used as cladding powder to be clad through laser cladding equipment to form the wear-resistant layer.
In another example, cobalt-based alloy powder and nickel-based alloy powder in the alloy material can be conveyed to a molten pool in proportion for cladding through different powder conveying pipes of laser cladding equipment respectively to form a wear-resistant layer.
Under the condition of adopting the technical scheme, the wear-resistant layer formed on the damping surface is obtained by using the laser cladding method and taking the alloy material as the cladding material, and the wear-resistant layer has the advantages of concentrated energy density, small heat affected zone, small deformation, smaller crack tendency, difficult crack generation of cladding more wear-resistant material, strong wear-resistant performance of the obtained wear-resistant layer, long service life, accuracy, controllability, easy automation and the like. When the laser cladding technology is used for obtaining the wear-resistant layer formed on the damping surface, metallurgical bonding can be formed between cladding materials and the base material, the wear-resistant layer has higher bonding strength, and the wear-resistant layer is more stable and durable in the using process.
In the cladding process by using the laser cladding equipment, a nozzle of the laser cladding head needs to be moved to a position near a damping surface, and point calibration is carried out according to the scanning direction and the scanning path.
In one example, the calibration points are 1 to 6 points. Wherein, 1 point, 3 points and 5 points are distributed on one side edge of the damping surface along the extending direction of the damping surface, and the 1 point and the 5 points are divided into two ends positioned on the damping surface. The 2 points, the 4 points and the 6 points are distributed on the other side edge of the damping surface along the extension direction of the damping surface, the 2 points correspond to the 1 point, the 4 points correspond to the 3 points, and the 6 points correspond to the 5 points. And calculating the number N of the melting channels of each layer of the cladding layer and laser cladding parameters according to the position of the check point, and ensuring that the edge of the damping surface can be cladded in the cladding process. The laser cladding parameters may include at least one of a cladding scanning direction, a cladding path, a channel shape, and a number of cladding layers.
The cladding layer number can be one layer or multiple layers. And setting the cladding layer number according to the requirement of the damping surfaces of different prefabricated parts on the thickness of the wear-resistant layer.
The number N of the melting channels can satisfy the following conditions: and N is 2L/W. W is the track width of the melting channel, and L is the extension length of the damping surface, so that the adjacent melting channels have proper lap joint amount, and the cladding quality of the cladding layer is improved.
The width of the melting channel can be 1.2 mm-1.5 mm. The overlapping amount of the adjacent melting channels can be 0.6 mm-0.7 mm, the overlapping amount of the adjacent melting channels has great influence on the cladding quality of a cladding layer, and the defects of air holes or inclusions and the like are easily caused by overlarge or undersize overlapping amount.
In one example, L is 9mm and W is 1.5mm, so N is 2 × 9/1.5 is 12.
The laser cladding parameters of the laser cladding equipment also comprise the powder feeding amount of the alloy material powder, and the powder feeding amount can be 6-8 g/min.
The laser cladding power of the at least one cladding layer can be 320-420W.
In the same cladding layer, the laser cladding power P of the kth channel of the N channels is less than the laser cladding power P of the 1 st channel max And is greater than the laser cladding power P of the Nth melting channel min . K is more than 1 and less than N. Wherein, the laser cladding power P of the kth melting channel is as follows: p ═ P max -(P max -P min )(k–2)/k。
When the wear-resistant layer comprises a plurality of cladding layers, the laser cladding power of the cladding layers is reduced along the direction of increasing the layer thickness of the cladding layers. Because the previous layer of cladding layer has the preheating effect to the next layer of cladding layer, along the bed thickness increase direction of cladding layer, the laser cladding power of cladding layer reduces, can guarantee that the energy on the damping surface is even for in cladding the in-process, be difficult for appearing cladding and sink or defect appearance such as undercut.
In one example, the wear resistant layer comprises two cladding layers. First layer of cladding layerLaser cladding power P of one melting channel max 420W, the laser cladding power P of the Nth channel of the first cladding layer min 360W. When k is 4, the laser cladding power P of the fourth melting channel is 420- (420-. When k is 5, the laser cladding power P of the fifth melting channel is 420- (420- & ltSUB & gt 360) & lt 5-2)/5 is 384W. When k is 6, the laser cladding power P of the sixth melting channel is 420- (420- & ltSUB & gt 360) & lt 6-2)/6 is 380W. Therefore, the laser cladding power of the middle melting channel in the same cladding layer is reduced in sequence.
Laser cladding power P of first channel of second cladding layer max 390W, laser cladding power P of Nth channel of second cladding layer min 320W. When k is 4, the laser cladding power P of the fourth melting channel is 390- (390-320) (4-2)/4 is 355W. When k is 5, the laser cladding power P of the fifth melting channel is 390- (390-320) (5-2)/5 is 348W. When k is 6, the laser cladding power P of the sixth melting channel is 390- (390-320) (6-2)/6 is 343W.
Under the condition of adopting the technical scheme, the laser cladding power P of the kth melting channel of the N melting channels is smaller than the laser cladding power P of the 1 st melting channel max And is greater than the laser cladding power P of the Nth melting channel min . K is more than 1 and less than N. Wherein, the laser cladding power P of the kth melting channel is as follows: p ═ P max -(P max -P min ) (k-2)/k. Therefore, in the process of cladding a plurality of melting channels by the laser cladding equipment, the laser cladding power of the middle melting channel in the same cladding layer is reduced in sequence. In the cladding process, the previous channel has a preheating effect on the next channel, so that the laser cladding power of the middle channel in the same cladding layer is reduced in sequence, the energy on the damping surface is uniform in the cladding process, and the defects of cladding collapse, undercut and the like are not easy to occur in the cladding process.
The laser cladding parameters of the laser cladding equipment further comprise the scanning speed of the laser cladding equipment, and the scanning speed of the laser cladding equipment can be 2-4 mm/s. In practical application, the proper scanning speed is matched according to parameters such as laser cladding power, powder feeding amount and the like.
The above laser cladding apparatus may have a plurality of melt channel forming periods. Each of the melt channel formation cycles includes a laser light-out period and a laser light-off period. And when the laser is in the laser light emitting period, laser cladding is carried out by the laser cladding equipment. And when the laser is in the laser light-off period, the laser cladding equipment suspends cladding. Along the distribution direction of the plurality of melt channels, the laser light-off period included in the melt channel forming period corresponding to each melt channel is increased.
The time length difference of the laser light-off time periods corresponding to the adjacent melting channels can be 1-2 seconds. For example, the difference in the time lengths of the laser light-off periods corresponding to adjacent melt lanes may be 1 second, 1.5 seconds, or 2 seconds.
In the N melting channels, the laser light-off time period between adjacent melting channels in the ith to nth melting channels is longer than 16 seconds. That is, in the same cladding layer, the time length of the laser off period included in the next several melting channel forming cycles is 16 seconds or more.
In the N melting channels, the duration of the laser light-off time interval between the (N-1) th melting channel and the Nth melting channel is more than 20 seconds. Namely, the duration of the laser light-off period between the last melting channel and the last melting channel is more than 20 seconds.
In one example, when N is 12 and i is 9, the duration of the laser blocking period between the ninth melting channel and the tenth melting channel, the duration of the laser blocking period between the tenth melting channel and the eleventh melting channel, and the duration of the laser blocking period between the eleventh melting channel and the twelfth melting channel are all 16 seconds or more.
In one example, when N is 12, i is 9, the difference in the time lengths of the laser blocking periods of the adjacent melting channels is 1.5 seconds, and the time length of the laser blocking period between the ninth melting channel and the tenth melting channel is 17 seconds, the time length of the laser blocking period between the tenth melting channel and the eleventh melting channel is 18.5 seconds, and the time length of the laser blocking period between the eleventh melting channel and the twelfth melting channel is 20 seconds.
When the wear-resistant layer includes a plurality of cladding layers, the laser cladding apparatus may have a plurality of cladding layer forming cycles. Each cladding layer forming cycle comprises a cladding time period and a pause time period, and the pause time period is 10-14 seconds. For example: the pause period may be 10 seconds, 12 seconds, or 14 seconds. And in the cladding period, cladding each cladding layer by the laser cladding equipment. When the laser cladding apparatus has a plurality of melt channel forming cycles, the cladding period includes the plurality of melt channel forming cycles. And in the pause period, the laser cladding equipment pauses cladding.
The laser light-off time is particularly important for the forming of the cladding layer, and the defects of collapse, undercut and the like are easily caused due to improper selection of the laser light-off time. By adopting the technical scheme, the defects of collapse, undercut and the like can be reduced.
In practical application, before a laser cladding device is used for cladding the wear-resistant layer, the wear-resistant layer is pre-laser-clad on a simulation prototype according to determined laser cladding parameters, and the forming effect and quality are pre-calculated so as to ensure the quality of the wear-resistant layer formed on the damping surface actually. And various different laser cladding parameters can be set on the system corresponding to different damping surfaces, and the corresponding laser cladding parameters can be selected on the cladding of different damping surfaces.
And finally, completing cladding of the wear-resistant layer on the damping surface of the prefabricated member through laser cladding equipment to obtain the cladded prefabricated member.
In practical application, after the preform with the cladding layer is taken down, the wear-resistant layer needs to be polished and shaped. For example, the dressing is done using manual sanding polishing. And finally, carrying out nondestructive detection on the position of the wear-resistant layer of the prefabricated part so as to ensure the cladding quality. For example, whether the surface of the wear-resistant layer has defects and whether the wear-resistant performance of the wear-resistant layer meets the technical requirements is detected by fluorescence.
The alloy material is used as a cladding material in the laser cladding method, cladding operation is carried out on the damping surface of the turbine rotating blade, and the wear-resistant layer formed on the damping surface is obtained. The material of the turbine rotating blade is nickel-based precipitation strengthening type directionally solidified columnar crystal superalloy, which is low-density nickel-based high-temperature-resistant alloy and has the characteristics of high medium-temperature strength, good creep resistance, higher plasticity, stable structure, low cost, poorer wear resistance and the like. The nickel-based precipitation strengthening type directionally solidified columnar crystal high-temperature alloy is a common material for turbine rotor blades, guide blades and other high-temperature parts, and has excellent comprehensive performance under complex and severe working conditions of high temperature, high pressure, high rotating speed and the like.
Fig. 1 and 2 illustrate metallographic structures in an embodiment of the invention. As shown in the figures 1 and 2, metallographic analysis is carried out to observe the microstructure of the cladding layer, and the microstructure of the cladding layer is found to be compact, uniform in crystal grains, free of defects such as unfused, pore-free and microcrack, and the cladding layer and the tooth-shaped shroud damping surface base material form metallurgical bonding and have good bonding performance.
The alloy material and the laser cladding method provided by the present invention are specifically described below with reference to the following examples, which are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to be limiting. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without inventive effort based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The alloy material in this embodiment comprises, by mass, 7% of GH738 nickel-based alloy and 93% of 800 cobalt-based alloy.
The laser cladding method provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps:
a blade shroud of the turbine rotating blade is provided, and the damping surface is a Z-shaped damping surface of the blade shroud. The material of the blade crown is nickel-based precipitation strengthening type directionally solidified column crystal high-temperature alloy.
And polishing the damping surface of the blade crown and the range of 2mm around the damping surface to remove oxide skin, surface impurities and the like, cleaning with acetone and drying to obtain the cleaned blade crown.
And fixing the cleaned blade shroud at the mounting position of the laser cladding equipment by using a tool clamp, so that the tip of a cladding head of the laser cladding equipment can safely reach the damping surface of the prefabricated member.
According to the mass percentage, 7% of GH738 nickel-based alloy powder and 93% of 800 cobalt-based alloy powder are mixed into alloy powder, the alloy powder is added to laser cladding equipment as cladding powder for cladding, and the wear-resistant layer formed on the damping surface is obtained.
And in the cladding process, moving the laser cladding head nozzle to a position near the damping surface, and performing point calibration according to the scanning direction and the scanning path. From the position of the calibration point, the extension length L of the damping surface was measured to be 9 mm.
The width W of the melting channel is 1.2 mm. The number of the melting channel is N equal to 2L/W equal to 15. The overlapping amount of the adjacent melting channels is 0.6 mm.
The powder feeding amount of the laser cladding equipment is 6 g/min. The scanning speed of the laser cladding equipment is 2 mm/s.
The number of cladding layers is two. Laser cladding power P of first cladding layer and first channel max 420W; laser cladding power P of fifteenth melting channel of first cladding layer min 360W. The laser cladding power of the middle melting channel (the second melting channel to the fourteenth melting channel) of the first cladding layer is as follows in sequence: 420W, 400W, 390W, 384W, 380W, 377W, 375W, 373W, 372W, 371W, 370W, 369W and 368W.
In the first layer of cladding layer, in the first to the fifteenth melting channels, the duration of the laser light-off period between adjacent melting channels is as follows: 7s, 8s, 9s, 10s, 11s, 12s, 13s, 14s, 15s, 16s, 17s, 18s, 19s, 20 s.
Laser cladding power P of first channel of second cladding layer max 390W; laser cladding power P of fifteenth melting channel of second cladding layer min 320W. The laser cladding power of the middle melting channel (the second melting channel to the fourteenth melting channel) of the second cladding layer is as follows in sequence: 390W, 367W, 355W, 348W, 343W, 340W, 338W, 336W, 334W, 333W, 332W, 331W, 330W.
The duration of the pause period between the first cladding layer and the second cladding layer was 12 seconds.
In the second layer cladding layer, in the first channel to the fifteenth channel, the duration of the laser light-off period between adjacent channels is as follows: 7s, 8s, 9s, 10s, 11s, 12s, 13s, 14s, 15s, 16s, 17s, 18s, 19s, 20 s.
And finally, taking down the blade crown with the cladding layer, and finishing grinding and shaping the wear-resistant layer by using manual grinding and polishing. And the position of the wear-resistant layer is subjected to nondestructive testing to ensure the cladding quality.
Example 2
The alloy material in this example comprises, in mass%, 10% of a GH625 nickel-based alloy and 90% of a 800 cobalt-based alloy.
The laser cladding method provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps:
a blade shroud of the turbine rotating blade is provided, and the damping surface is a Z-shaped damping surface of the blade shroud. The tip shroud is made of nickel-based precipitation strengthening type directionally solidified column crystal superalloy.
And polishing the damping surface of the blade crown and the range of 2mm around the damping surface to remove oxide skin, surface impurities and the like, cleaning with acetone and drying to obtain the cleaned blade crown.
And fixing the cleaned blade shroud at the mounting position of the laser cladding equipment by using a tool clamp, so that the tip of a cladding head of the laser cladding equipment can safely reach the damping surface of the prefabricated member.
According to the mass percentage, 10% of GH625 nickel-based alloy powder and 90% of 800 cobalt-based alloy powder are mixed into alloy powder, the alloy powder is used as cladding powder and added into laser cladding equipment for cladding, and the wear-resistant layer formed on the damping surface is obtained.
And in the cladding process, moving the laser cladding head nozzle to a position near the damping surface, and performing point calibration according to the scanning direction and the scanning path. From the position of the calibration point, the extension length L of the damping surface was measured to be 9 mm.
The width W of the melting channel is 1.5 mm. The number of the melting channel is N-2L/W-12. The overlapping amount of the adjacent melting channels is 0.7 mm.
The powder feeding amount of the laser cladding equipment is 8 g/min. The scanning speed of the laser cladding equipment is 4 mm/s.
The number of cladding layers is one. Laser cladding power P of first melting channel max 420W; laser cladding power P of twelfth melting channel of first cladding layer min 360W. The laser cladding power of the middle melting channel (from the second melting channel to the eleventh melting channel) is as follows in sequence: 420W, 400W, 390W, 384W, 380W, 377W, 375W, 373W, 372W, 371W.
In the first melting channel to the twelfth melting channel, the duration of the laser light-off period between adjacent melting channels is as follows: 5s, 6.5s, 8s, 9.5s, 11s, 12.5s, 14s, 15.5s, 17s, 18.5s, 20 s.
And finally, taking down the blade crown with the cladding layer, and finishing grinding and shaping the wear-resistant layer by using manual grinding and polishing. And the position of the wear-resistant layer is subjected to nondestructive testing to ensure the cladding quality.
Example 3
The alloy material in this embodiment comprises, by mass, 8% of GH738 nickel-based alloy and 92% of 800 cobalt-based alloy.
The laser cladding method provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps:
a blade shroud of the turbine rotating blade is provided, and the damping surface is a Z-shaped damping surface of the blade shroud. The tip shroud is made of nickel-based precipitation strengthening type directionally solidified column crystal superalloy.
And polishing the damping surface of the blade crown and the range of 2mm around the damping surface to remove oxide skin, surface impurities and the like, cleaning with acetone and drying to obtain the cleaned blade crown.
And fixing the cleaned blade shroud at the mounting position of the laser cladding equipment by using a tool clamp, so that the tip of a cladding head of the laser cladding equipment can safely reach the damping surface of the prefabricated member.
According to the mass percentage, 8% of GH738 nickel-based alloy powder and 92% of 800 cobalt-based alloy powder are mixed into alloy powder, the alloy powder is added to laser cladding equipment as cladding powder for cladding, and the wear-resistant layer formed on the damping surface is obtained.
And in the cladding process, moving the laser cladding head nozzle to a position near the damping surface, and performing point calibration according to the scanning direction and the scanning path. From the position of the calibration point, the extension length L of the damping surface was measured to be 9 mm.
The width W of the melting channel is 1.5 mm. The number of the melting channel is N-2L/W-12. The overlapping amount of the adjacent melting channels is 0.65 mm.
The powder feeding amount of the laser cladding equipment is 7 g/min. The scanning speed of the laser cladding equipment is 3 mm/s.
The number of cladding layers is two. Laser cladding power P of first cladding layer and first channel max 420W; laser cladding power P of twelfth melting channel of first cladding layer min 360W. The laser cladding power of the middle melting channel (from the second melting channel to the eleventh melting channel) of the first cladding layer is as follows in sequence: 420W, 400W, 390W, 384W, 380W, 377W, 375W, 373W, 372W, 371W.
In the first layer of cladding layer, in the first channel to the twelfth channel, the duration of the laser light-off period between adjacent channels is as follows: 4s, 6s, 8s, 10s, 12s, 14s, 16s, 18s, 20s, 22s, 24 s.
Laser cladding power P of first channel of second cladding layer max 390W; laser cladding power P of twelfth melting channel of second cladding layer min 320W. The laser cladding power of the middle melting channel (from the second melting channel to the eleventh melting channel) of the second layer cladding layer is as follows in sequence: 390W, 367W, 355W, 348W, 343W, 340W, 338W, 336W, 334W, 333W.
The duration of the pause period between the first cladding layer and the second cladding layer was 10 seconds.
In the second layer of cladding layer, in the first melting channel to the twelfth melting channel, the duration of the laser light-off period between adjacent melting channels is as follows: 4s, 6s, 8s, 10s, 12s, 14s, 16s, 18s, 20s, 22s, 24 s.
And finally, taking down the blade crown with the cladding layer, and finishing grinding and shaping the wear-resistant layer by using manual grinding and polishing. And the position of the wear-resistant layer is subjected to nondestructive testing to ensure the cladding quality. In the foregoing description of embodiments, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and all the changes or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A laser cladding method, comprising:
providing a prefabricated member, wherein the prefabricated member is provided with a damping surface;
the alloy material is a cladding material, and comprises 7-10% of nickel-based alloy material by mass percent, and the balance of cobalt-based alloy material; carrying out cladding operation on the damping surface along the extension direction of the damping surface by using laser cladding equipment to obtain a wear-resistant layer formed on the damping surface; the wear-resistant layer comprises at least one cladding layer, each cladding layer is composed of N cladding channels, and N is an integer greater than or equal to 1;
in the same cladding layer, the laser cladding power P of the kth channel of the N channels is less than the laser cladding power P of the 1 st channel max And is greater than the laser cladding power P of the Nth melting channel min (ii) a K is more than 1 and less than N; wherein, the laser cladding power P of the kth melting channel is as follows: p ═ P max -(P max -P min )(k–2)/k。
2. The laser cladding method of claim 1, wherein N-2L/W, W is a track width of the melt channel, and L is an extension length of the damping surface.
3. The laser cladding method of claim 1, wherein the width of the melting channel is 1.2mm to 1.5 mm; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the lap joint quantity of the adjacent melting channels is 0.6 mm-0.7 mm.
4. Laser cladding method according to claim 1,
when the wear-resistant layer comprises a plurality of cladding layers, the laser cladding power of the cladding layers is reduced along the layer thickness increasing direction of the cladding layers; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the laser cladding power of the at least one cladding layer is 320-420W.
5. The laser cladding method of claim 1, wherein the laser cladding apparatus has a plurality of channel forming cycles, each channel forming cycle comprising a laser light-out period and a laser light-off period; along the distribution direction of the plurality of melt channels, the laser light-off period included in the melt channel forming period corresponding to each melt channel is increased.
6. The laser cladding method according to claim 5, wherein a time difference of the laser light-off periods corresponding to adjacent melting lanes is 1 second to 2 seconds; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
in the N melting channels, the duration of the laser light-off time period between adjacent melting channels in the ith to nth melting channels is more than 16 seconds;
in the N melting channels, the duration of the laser light-off time period between the (N-1) th melting channel and the N melting channel is more than 20 seconds; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the laser cladding equipment is provided with a plurality of cladding layer forming cycles, each cladding layer forming cycle comprises a cladding time interval and a pause time interval, and the pause time interval is 10-14 seconds.
7. The laser cladding method of any one of claims 2 to 6, wherein the laser cladding parameters of the laser cladding equipment further comprise powder feeding amount of alloy material powder, and the powder feeding amount is 6g/min to 8 g/min; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the laser cladding parameters of the laser cladding equipment also comprise the scanning speed of the laser cladding equipment, and the scanning speed of the laser cladding equipment is 2-4 mm/s; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the laser cladding parameters of the laser cladding equipment further comprise: at least one of a cladding scanning direction, a cladding path, a cladding channel shape, and a cladding layer number.
8. Laser cladding method according to any of claims 2 to 6, wherein said preform is a cleaned preform;
the prefabricated part is a blade shroud of a turbine rotating blade.
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