CN113104589A - Speed reduction device and pneumatic transmission system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a speed reducer and a pneumatic transmission system, which solve the problem that the transmission speed of a transmission body in the pneumatic transmission system is too high and is impacted, particularly the speed of a blood sampling tube adjacent to an outlet is too high to cause hemolysis of a sample. The invention has the advantages of carrying out non-contact deceleration on the blood collection tube to avoid the impact on the blood collection tube in the deceleration process and the like.

Description

Speed reduction device and pneumatic transmission system

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of medical tool transmission, in particular to a speed reducing device and a pneumatic transmission system.

Background

In sampling, sample preparation and testing of material (such as ore and coal) samples, in order to realize the transfer of the samples from a specific position to another position, various transmission modes such as a crawler type transmission mode, a pneumatic propulsion type transmission mode and the like can be adopted, so that the samples are ensured to quickly reach the destination, and meanwhile, the national standard or the industrial standard is also taken as a reference to ensure that the damage degree to the samples in the transmission process is minimum, for example, the samples cannot generate physical or chemical changes which influence the experimental result due to factors such as impact generated by too high speed.

In the 90 s of the 20 th century, a pneumatic conveying system in the field of the equipment is largely applied to medical systems, a pneumatic logistics conveying system takes compressed air as power, and the pneumatic logistics conveying system is provided with a transmitting end with a pneumatic function, a main pipeline and a receiving end for receiving, so that medicine transmission and clinical test sample transmission among all ward areas of a hospital are realized, the sample turnover period is greatly shortened, the transmission cost is saved, the issuing speed of a test report is improved, but the system also has defects, when the system is used for conveying a blood sampling tube filled with a blood sample, the transmission speed is usually about 7m/s, when the speed is too high or severe impact is generated, red blood cells in the blood sampling tube are easily broken to cause sample hemolysis, and the accuracy of a blood detection result is further influenced.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to reduce the transmission speed of the blood sampling tube in the starting transmission system, especially the speed of the blood sampling tube adjacent to the outlet so as to prevent violent impact and avoid sample hemolysis, and the invention aims to provide a speed reducing device and a pneumatic transmission system.

The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

the utility model provides a decelerator for transmission body to among the pneumatic transmission system decelerates, includes negative pressure generating device and switching-over valve, negative pressure generating device has an inlet end and one and gives vent to anger the end, the switching-over valve have first blow vent, second blow vent and be arranged in with the third blow vent of the trunk line intercommunication among the pneumatic transmission system, first blow vent with the inlet end intercommunication, the switching-over valve has first state and second state, when the switching-over valve is in first state, first blow vent and third blow vent intercommunication, when the switching-over valve is in the second state, first blow vent and second blow vent intercommunication.

Generally, for a high-speed transmission occasion, a solution method for solving the problem of too high transmission speed of a transmission body generally adopts flexible buffering, the kinetic energy of part of the transmission body is counteracted through the deformation of a flexible body, and the transmission body is decelerated under the self gravity by changing the design of a transmission pipeline.

In the invention, the negative pressure generating equipment is communicated with the main pipeline in the pneumatic transmission system through the reversing valve, when the transmission body passes through the communication point of the reversing valve and the pneumatic transmission system, the negative pressure generating equipment is started to enable the air inlet end of the negative pressure generating equipment to provide a suction force, air on two sides of the communication point in the main pipeline is sucked by the negative pressure generating equipment, the direction of the air flow of the pipe section where the sample pipe is located is changed, and the sample pipe has a certain speed, so that the sample pipe starts to perform deceleration movement in the state of reverse air flow. The sample tube is decelerated by changing the gas flow direction of the tube section of the main pipeline part in the pneumatic transmission system, and the sample tube is not in contact with the entity in the deceleration process, so that the sample tube is prevented from being impacted greatly, and hemolysis of the blood in the sample tube is avoided.

In the actual transmission process, the gas supply in the main pipeline in the pneumatic transmission system is also supplied at intervals, because a certain interval time exists between the successive launching of the transmission body, and the gas supply of the main pipeline in the pneumatic transmission system is usually cut off during the interval time to prevent the transmission body from being continuously accelerated, at the moment, the gas source of the gas inlet end of the negative pressure generating device only comes from the section of the main pipeline close to the receiving end, because the diameter of the main pipeline is generally smaller than the gas inlet end through path of the negative pressure generating device to enable the negative pressure generating device to provide enough energy to decelerate the transmission body, the negative pressure generating device is in overload operation during the interval time, at the moment, the first vent and the second vent are communicated by operating the reversing valve, and the air required by the negative pressure generating device comes from the second vent, so as to prevent the overload operation of the negative pressure generating device, avoid negative pressure to take place equipment stifled commentaries on classics, guarantee its life, prevent to be burnt out, promptly: when the pneumatic transmission system transmits the transmission body, the reversing valve is in a first state, and the negative pressure generating equipment normally operates; when the pneumatic transmission system is in the time period of the transmission interval, the negative pressure generating equipment runs in an overload mode, and the reversing valve is switched from the first state to the second state so that the negative pressure generating equipment runs normally.

Preferably, the reversing valve comprises a revolving body and a revolving shell arranged outside the revolving body, the revolving body can do revolving motion in the revolving shell, the first vent, the second vent and the third vent are all positioned on the revolving shell, a transition chamber is arranged in the revolving body, the revolving body is also provided with a fourth vent, a fifth vent and a sixth vent which are communicated with the transition chamber, when the revolving body rotates to enable the reversing valve to be in the first state, the first vent is communicated with the fourth vent, the sixth vent is communicated with the third vent, gas can reach the first vent from the third vent through the sixth vent, the transition chamber and the fourth vent in sequence, when the revolving body rotates to enable the reversing valve to be in the second state, the first vent is communicated with the fourth vent, and the fifth vent is communicated with the second vent, and the gas can reach the first vent hole from the second vent hole through the fifth vent hole, the transition cavity and the fourth vent hole in sequence. In this scheme, the solid of revolution makes the switching-over valve be in first state and second state through self rotary motion, thereby realize the switching of gas circuit, so based on the demand that the gas circuit switched, in the rotatory in-process of solid of revolution, or only fifth gas port and second gas port intercommunication, or only sixth gas port and third gas port intercommunication, and the solid of revolution transition chamber then provides the cushioning effect when the gas circuit switches over, even in the switching-over valve, the gas circuit switches over very fast, but at solid of revolution pivoted certain moment, first gas port and second gas port, first gas port and third gas port all probably are the non-connected state, negative pressure generating equipment forces a little air in the transition chamber to inhale in the negative pressure generating equipment this moment, thereby the coupling part of each gas port has been prevented and has been destroyed because of brief gas circuit disconnection.

Further, when the fifth vent is communicated with the second vent, the sixth vent is connected with the third vent. The two vent holes are communicated when the revolving body rotates at an angle of any size along the corresponding direction, in the scheme, when the revolving body rotates, the fifth vent hole and the second vent hole start to be gradually disconnected from each other and are communicated with each other, in the process, the sixth vent hole and the third vent hole are simultaneously and gradually and completely communicated with each other, which is equivalent to the limitation on the positions of the fifth vent hole and the sixth vent hole under the condition that the positions of the second vent hole and the third vent hole are determined, and it should be noted that when the second vent hole and the third vent hole are located on the same circumferential direction around the revolving shaft, a distance should exist between the second vent hole and the third vent hole, and the distance should be at least larger than the maximum span of the fifth vent hole or the sixth vent hole. Through the limitation of the position, the air inlet end of the negative pressure generating equipment can not be in the condition of no air supply when the air path is switched, namely, an air passage is always provided in the reversing valve, so that the negative pressure generating equipment can always normally work when the air path is switched by the reversing valve, and the negative pressure generating equipment is prevented from being damaged by overload work. The rotating shaft is a virtual shaft, i.e., a rotating axis of the rotating body, and the rotating shaft mentioned below is synonymous with the rotating shaft and is not described again.

Furthermore, the second vent hole and the third vent hole are oppositely arranged and are located on the same circumference of a rotating shaft of the revolving body, the first vent hole and the second vent hole are respectively located on two circumferences of the rotating shaft, the fifth vent hole and the sixth vent hole are located on the same circumference of the rotating shaft, the centroid of the fifth vent hole and the centroid of the sixth vent hole form an included angle with the rotating shaft, the included angle is 120 degrees, and the revolving body can be divided by the fifth vent hole or the sixth vent hole in six equal parts along the circumferential direction of the rotating shaft. For example, the revolving body and the revolving shell are both arranged in a cylindrical shape, the fourth air ports and the fifth air ports are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the revolving body, the fifth air ports and the sixth air ports are located on the same circumference along the circumferential direction of the revolving body, the axes of the fifth air ports, the sixth air ports and the revolving body jointly form an included angle of 120 degrees, the vertex of the included angle is located on the axis, and the six adjacent fifth air ports or sixth air ports can be just accommodated on any circumference of the axis of the revolving body.

Further, the rotator has a detection end that can be detected by a sensor. The speed reduction of the transmission body is realized by airflow reversing, so that the air path switching of the reversing valve has certain precision, namely the corresponding precision of the vent hole on the revolving body and the vent hole of the revolving shell has certain requirements, and the detection end is arranged on the revolving body, so that the rotation angle displacement of the revolving body or the space position state of the revolving body can be detected by the sensor, the feedback is provided for the pneumatic conveying system, a closed-loop control system of the speed reducer is formed, the safety is improved, and the control precision is ensured.

Furthermore, the number of the detection ends is at least 2, an included angle is formed between any two detection ends and the rotating shaft of the rotating body, wherein the included angle of at least 2 detection ends is equal to the included angle between the centroid of two adjacent second vent holes and the rotating shaft. The two detection ends form an included angle with the rotating shaft of the revolving body, and the understanding should be made that: along the visual sense of the revolving shaft, two detection ends are respectively connected with the revolving shaft, the two connection lines form an included angle, and in a three-dimensional space, the included angle can be coplanar or heterofacial, namely, the detection ends can be arranged at intervals along the direction of the revolving shaft, and the adjacent points are understood as follows: for example, the distance between the centers of two circles in a plane is greater than the sum of the radii of the two circles, and when two side lines of the two circles are infinitely close, the two side lines are adjacent to each other, in practice, the infinite close may serve as an explanation with a certain distance, such as 0.1mm, 0.001mm, and the like. Through the arrangement of the structure, the two detected conditions of the two detection ends can represent two states of the second vent hole respectively, so that the state of the revolving body can be detected by adopting a simple single sensor, and the detection scheme based on the structure can be controlled to a certain extent in cost.

Furthermore, at least 3 detection ends are arranged in the detection ends, and the included angle between at least two detection ends is more than or equal to 2 times of the included angle between the centroid of two adjacent second vent holes and the rotating shaft. The scheme is a further improvement of the previous scheme, namely two detection ends represent the communication state of the second vent hole and the third vent hole, and the other detection end represents the non-communication state of the second vent hole and the third vent hole. Meanwhile, the other detection end can also be used as a safety alarm detection end, namely when the two detection ends which show the states of the second vent hole and the third vent hole are missed, when the other detection end is detected, if the negative pressure generation equipment is still in work at the moment, the alarm for stopping the negative pressure generation equipment can be sent out for the pneumatic transmission system, and the negative pressure generation equipment is prevented from being burnt out due to overload operation.

The utility model provides a pneumatic transmission system, is including the trunk line and foretell decelerator that are used for transmitting the transmission body, the third ventilation port with the trunk line intercommunication, second ventilation port and air intercommunication, the end and the air intercommunication of giving vent to anger of negative pressure generation equipment, when pneumatic transmission system transmits the transmission body, the switching-over valve is in the first state, the normal operating of negative pressure generation equipment when pneumatic transmission system is in transmission interval time quantum, the operation of negative pressure generation equipment overload, the switching-over valve is switched to the second state so that the normal operating of negative pressure generation equipment by the first state.

In the pneumatic transmission system that this scheme provided, after third vent hole and trunk line intercommunication among the decelerator, when needing to slow down the transmission body, the operation switching-over valve makes first vent and third vent hole intercommunication, start negative pressure emergence equipment this moment, make during gas in the trunk line enters into negative pressure emergence equipment, the air current in the section of the interior nearly receiving end of trunk line this moment is reverse with the transmission air current, and the air current in the section of the nearly sending end directly gets into negative pressure emergence equipment, at this moment, the air current of transmission body place segmentation along the transmission direction not, the transmission body is deceleration motion under reverse air current's effect, with this purpose that reaches the transmission body and slow down. This pneumatic transmission system is particularly useful for the transmission of heparin tube, in the transmission process of heparin tube, the receiving terminal generally sets up in the position that medical personnel can conveniently take, and the transmission trunk line generally locates the high altitude along floor or wall, so in the position of being close to the receiving terminal, the trend of trunk line generally can set up vertical downwards or be close to the segmentation of vertical direction, at this moment, the heparin tube is at this segmentation because the effect of gravity lasts to do accelerated motion, decelerator then communicates on this segmentation, when the heparin tube is through decelerator and the intercommunication department of main line, start decelerator, thereby overcome gravity acceleration, and make it do deceleration, guarantee that the heparin tube can get into the receiving terminal with the low-speed, thereby prevent too big impact, avoid the blood sample in the heparin tube to take place the hemolysis.

Further, be provided with contrary switch in the trunk line, contrary switch have with trunk line sealing connection's casing and set up the contrary arm that ends in the casing, contrary arm one end that ends with the casing is articulated, it has the major axis to be on a parallel with the extending direction's of trunk line strip hole to open on the trunk line, strip hole make the trunk line with the inside intercommunication of casing, the other end of contrary arm that ends passes inside the major axis hole is located the trunk line, contrary arm that ends can be in the major axis direction in strip hole swing. Because the volume of taking a blood sample in the heparin tube is different, the weight of the heparin tube in the event trunk line is also different, and in vertical or near vertical segmentation, its required effort is also different, so to the heparin tube that weight is lighter probably can directly move towards the direction opposite with transmission direction, through the setting of non-return switch for the heparin tube can one-way passage and be unlikely to the reverse motion, thereby prevents the secondary transmission of heparin tube.

Further, contrary arm middle part with the casing is articulated, and the weight that lies in the one end in the trunk line on the contrary arm is less than the weight of the other end. The weight setting of the two ends of the non-return arm is different, the non-return arm can be automatically reset according to the gravity difference reason of the two ends of the non-return arm, the structure is simple, and the cost is low.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

1. according to the speed reducing device and the pneumatic transmission system, the sample tube is reduced by changing the gas flow direction of the tube section of the main pipeline part in the pneumatic transmission system, the sample tube is not in contact with an entity in the speed reducing process, the sample tube is prevented from being impacted greatly, and therefore hemolysis of internal blood is avoided.

2. According to the speed reducer and the pneumatic transmission system, the reversing valve is at least provided with the tee joint, so that negative pressure generating equipment can be used for air inlet through other air passages in a conveying interval in the pneumatic transmission system, overload operation of the negative pressure generating equipment is prevented, the negative pressure generating equipment is prevented from being locked, the service life of the negative pressure generating equipment is ensured, and the negative pressure generating equipment is prevented from being burnt.

3. According to the speed reducer and the pneumatic transmission system, the speed reducer is communicated with the main pipeline of the pneumatic transmission system, so that the transmission body in the pneumatic transmission system is decelerated in a non-contact manner, and the influence of large impact on the transmission body is avoided.

4. According to the speed reducer and the pneumatic transmission system, the speed reducer is communicated with the main pipeline of the pneumatic transmission system, so that the speed reduction of the blood sampling tube is realized in a non-contact manner, the speed reduction is realized through the countercurrent gas, the speed of the blood sampling tube is prevented from being suddenly reduced, the blood in the blood sampling tube is prevented from being vibrated and colliding with the closed blood sampling tube, the impact caused by the contact of the blood sampling tube and an entity is avoided, the hemolysis of the blood in the blood sampling tube is prevented, the detection precision of the blood is improved, and the accuracy of blood parameters is ensured.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention. In the drawings:

fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a possible reversing valve provided by the invention.

Reference numbers and corresponding part names in the drawings:

1-a second vent port, 2-a third vent port, 3-a first vent port, 4-a negative pressure generating device, 5-a vent port, 6-a vent port, 7-a motor, 8-a coupler, 9-a revolving shell, 10-a sixth vent port, 11-a fifth vent port, 12-a revolving body, 13-a fourth vent port, 14-a bearing, 15-a support column, 16-a first sensor, 17-a second sensor, 18-a detection port, 19-a speed reducer, 20-an exhaust channel, 21-a speed reducer channel, 22-a compensation channel, 23-a three-way pipe, 24-a main pipeline, 25-a transmitter, 26-a receiver, 27-a check switch, 28-a third sensor and 29-a fourth sensor, 30-shell, 31-sealing plate, 32-mounting plate, 33-check arm, 34-rotating shaft, 35-pressing plate and 36-avoiding hole.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples and accompanying drawings, and the exemplary embodiments and descriptions thereof are only used for explaining the present invention and are not meant to limit the present invention.

Examples

A speed reduction device is shown in figure 1 and used for reducing the speed of a transmission body in a pneumatic transmission system and comprises a negative pressure generating device 4 and a reversing valve, wherein the negative pressure generating device is provided with an air inlet end 6 and an air outlet end 5, the reversing valve is provided with a first vent hole 3, a second vent hole 1 and a third vent hole 2 communicated with a main pipeline 24 in the pneumatic transmission system, the first vent hole 3 is communicated with the air inlet end 6, the reversing valve is provided with a first state and a second state, when the reversing valve is in the first state, the first vent hole 3 is communicated with the third vent hole 2, and when the reversing valve is in the second state, the first vent hole 3 is communicated with the second vent hole 1.

The working principle of the embodiment is as follows: the reversing valve is operated to ensure that the first vent 3 and the second vent 1 in the reversing valve are communicated, because the first vent 3 and the second vent 1 are respectively communicated, and the first vent 3 and the third vent 2 are not communicated at the moment, the negative pressure generating equipment 4 is started, the negative pressure generating equipment 4 enters air through the air inlet end 6, the suction force is generated in the third vent 2 under the action of air flow, so that the air flow in the main conduit 24 preferentially flows into the third vent 2, as shown in fig. 4, which illustrates an application of this embodiment, when the negative pressure generating device 4 is used for air intake, the air flow on the two sides of the part where the third air vent 2 is communicated with the main pipeline 24 flows into the third air vent 2, the direction of motion of the heparin tube in the pipeline of one side that is close to the receiving terminal in the part of intercommunication is opposite with the air current direction to reduce speed the heparin tube. At the in-process of heparin tube transmission, still have the transmission interval between two heparin tubes, in order to prevent that the heparin tube from lasting with higher speed, generally in taking place the interval time, the transmission end can stop the air feed, this moment the transmission end with the position of intercommunication be airtight space, negative pressure generating device 4 can take place the phenomenon that the admission is not enough so this moment, cause negative pressure generating device 4 overload operation easily, this moment through operation switching-over valve for the first vent 3 and the 1 intercommunication of second vent of switching-over valve, the admission of negative pressure generating device 4 is sufficient, prevent that negative pressure generating device 4 from causing the quilt to burn because of overload operation.

In this embodiment, the negative pressure generating device 4 generally employs a blower, which can meet the requirements in the application field of this embodiment and save the cost, and the change valve can be a commonly used and easily available three-way valve.

Further, in a possible embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the reversing valve comprises a revolving body 12 and a revolving housing 9, one end of the revolving body 12 is sealed to form a tubular body, as shown in fig. 6, the revolving body 12 is sealed by a circular plate so as to form a transition cavity inside the revolving body 12, a connecting section of the revolving body 12 extends out of two cylinders along the axis thereof, one cylinder is used for connecting a detection end 18, the other cylinder is connected with a motor 7 through a coupler 8, the motor 7 drives the revolving body 12 to perform revolving motion, the revolving body 12 is provided with a fourth vent 13, a fifth vent 11 and a sixth vent 10, a circle center included angle formed between the fifth vent 11 and the sixth vent 10 and a revolving shaft of the revolving body 12 is 120 °, and the fifth vent 11 and the sixth vent 10 are on one circumference of the revolving shaft, and the first vent 3, the second vent 1, the third vent 10, the third vent 3, the third vent ports 2 are respectively arranged on the rotary shell 9, as shown in fig. 7, the outer surface of the rotary shell 9 is a regular hexagonal prism, the rotary shell 9 is provided with a cylindrical hole with a diameter matched with that of the rotary body 12 along the axial direction of the rotary shell, the rotary body 12 is arranged in the cylindrical hole, the second vent port 1 and the third vent port 2 are coaxially arranged and are both arranged on two opposite planes of the rotary shell 9, so that the tool changing time and the tool setting time can be saved when the second vent port 1 and the third vent port 2 are machined, the machining precision of the vent ports is improved, the first vent port 3 is arranged on different circumferences where the second vent port 1 and the third vent port 2 are arranged, the fourth vent port 13 is always communicated with the first vent port 3, namely, the span diameter of the fourth vent port 13 is at least 2 times of the diameter of the first vent port 3 along the rotary direction of the rotary body 12, when the revolving body 12 rotates in the revolving housing 9, the fifth ventilation port 11 is selectively communicated with the second ventilation port 1, the revolving housing 9 is connected with the motor 7 through the support column 15, and the support column 15 is used for offsetting the radial moment of the motor 7 on the connection position in the coupler 8.

As shown in fig. 8, 9 and 10, the width of the fourth air port 13 in the rotation direction of the rotation shaft is at least 2 times that of the first air port 3, so when the rotation body 12 rotates counterclockwise by a certain angle, the first air port 3 and the fourth air port 13 are always communicated, as shown in fig. 10, the relative position relationship between the rotation body 12 and the rotation housing 9 when the reversing valve is in the first state is shown in the figure, in the embodiment, when the rotation body 12 rotates counterclockwise by 60 °, the second air port 1 is communicated with the fifth air port 11, the third air port 2 is not communicated with the sixth air port 10 by being displaced, and the width of the fourth air port 13 in the circumferential direction of the rotation shaft is greater than 2 times that of the first air port 3, so that the first air port 3 and the fourth air port 13 can always be communicated in the two state switching process. When the reversing valve is in the first state, referring to fig. 8, at this time, the third vent port 2 is communicated with the sixth vent port 10, and the second vent port 1 is not communicated with the fifth vent port 11, that is, the gas can reach the first vent port 3 from the third vent port 2 through the sixth vent port 10, the transition chamber and the fourth vent port 13, that is, the communication between the first vent port 3 and the third vent port 2 is realized. When the reversing valve is in the second state, referring to fig. 9, at this time, the second vent 1 is communicated with the fifth vent 11, and the third vent 2 is not communicated with the sixth vent 10, that is, the gas can reach the first vent 3 from the second vent 1 through the fifth vent 11, the transition chamber and the fourth vent 13, that is, the communication between the first vent 3 and the second vent 1 is realized.

In this embodiment, the transition chamber can provide certain buffering effect for negative pressure generating equipment 4, and the switching-over valve is carrying out the switching of gas circuit promptly, and first through-hole and second through-hole, the third through-hole all do not communicate or the circumstances of admitting air inadequately appear, and at this moment, the transition intracavity storage has certain air to supply with negative pressure generating equipment 4 to absorb for in-process that carries out the gas circuit and switch over is unlikely to cause the continuous overload operation of negative pressure generating equipment 4, thereby realizes the protection to negative pressure generating equipment 4.

Further, in a possible embodiment, the sixth vent port 10 is communicated with the third vent port 2, the second vent port 1, the third vent port 2, the fifth vent port 11, and the sixth vent port 10 have the same diameter, and the diameter is the same as the width of a plane of the outer surface of the revolving housing 9, that is, during the rotation of the revolving body 12, assuming that the second vent port 1 is communicated with the fifth vent port 11 at a certain moment, the third vent port 2 is not communicated with the sixth vent port 10, referring to fig. 2, because the diameter of the vent ports is the same, the third vent port 2 is adjacent to the sixth vent port 10, after the revolving body 12 revolves, the cross-sectional area of the passage between the second vent port 1 and the fifth vent port 11 is gradually reduced, and the cross-sectional area of the passage between the third vent port 2 and the sixth vent port 10 is gradually increased, thereby ensuring that the negative pressure generating device 4 can perform air intake, supposing that the third air vent 2 can provide normal air supply quantity at the moment, the negative pressure generating equipment 4 can also keep normal air inlet in the air path switching process in air inlet, so that the normal work of the negative pressure generating equipment 4 is ensured, the overload operation of the negative pressure generating equipment 4 is prevented, the burning of the negative pressure generating equipment 4 is prevented, and the service life of the negative pressure generating equipment 4 is ensured.

Further, in a possible embodiment, an L-shaped detection plate is connected to the cylinder for connecting the detection end 18 on the rotation body 12 through a bolt, a C-shaped mounting seat is connected to the axial end surface of the rotation housing 9 close to the detection end 18 through a bolt, the circle center corresponding to the C-shaped mounting seat is located on the rotation shaft of the rotation body 12, a first sensor 16 and a second sensor 17 are mounted on the C-shaped mounting seat at intervals, the circle center angle corresponding to the first sensor 16 and the second sensor 17 is 120 degrees, when the detection end 18 corresponds to one of the sensors, the third ventilation port 2 is communicated with the sixth ventilation port 10 or the second ventilation port 1 is communicated with the fifth ventilation port 11, and both the first sensor 16 and the second sensor 17 are connected to the control system of the pneumatic transmission system. The arrangement of the first sensor 16 and the second sensor 17 substantially monitors two rotation states of the rotation body 12, for example, the first sensor 16 indicates that the second vent 1 is communicated with the fifth vent when feeding back signals, and the second sensor 17 indicates that the third vent 2 is communicated with the sixth vent 10 when feeding back signals, so that the closed-loop control of the motor 7 is realized.

In this embodiment, the number of the sensors may be one, specifically, the L-shaped detection plates may be multiple, one end of each of the detection plates adjacent to each other for detection is set to be a fixed included angle, at least one included angle is 120 degrees, at least one included angle is greater than 120 degrees and smaller than 180 degrees, and widths of different ends for detection are different. When the detection is carried out, the detected end for detection can be distinguished according to the feedback time length of the sensor and the feedback interval time of the signal, so that the use of the sensor is saved, and the production cost is reduced.

Further, between two detection end 18 that the contained angle is 120 degrees, still can set up the detection end 18 of a plurality of L types as required to the realization can control when motor 7 drives solid of revolution 12 and rotates as required, keep second vent 1 and fifth vent 11 intercommunication, third vent 2 and sixth vent 10 intercommunication, thereby realize the velocity of flow that is used for the air current of deceleration in the control main line, the realization provides different deceleration acceleration, can prevent that the heparin tube from leading to the fact the speed reverse because of slowing down when passing.

The utility model provides a pneumatic conveying system, as shown in fig. 4, including decelerator 19, the transmitting end, the receiving terminal, the trunk line 24 of intercommunication transmitting end and receiving terminal, trunk line 24 has vertical section, make the heparin tube can be transmitted to the receiving terminal of being convenient for medical personnel to get from the eminence, be provided with air inlet channel on decelerator 19, compensation channel 22 box speed reduction passageway 21, speed reduction passageway 21 passes through three-way pipe 23 with the vertical section of trunk line 24 and communicates, exhaust passage 20 communicates with the end 5 of giving vent to anger of negative pressure generating equipment 4, compensation channel 22 communicates with second vent port 1.

The working principle is as follows: the blood sampling tube is sent to the main pipeline 24 from the emission end, after the blood sampling tube passes through the connection part of the three-way pipe 23, at the moment, the blood sampling tube is also influenced by the gravity acceleration under the action of the driving air pressure of the emission end, the blood sampling tube has larger acceleration at the moment, the control motor 7 rotates to enable the third vent port 2 to be communicated with the sixth vent port 10, at the moment, suction force is generated in the deceleration channel 21, so that air flow in the main pipeline 24 is sucked into the deceleration channel 21 and finally discharged through the air outlet end 5 of the negative pressure generating device 4, the air flow direction of a vertical section in the main pipeline 24 is opposite to the motion direction of the blood sampling tube, the air flow of the emission end directly enters the deceleration channel 21, the blood sampling tube in the vertical section is only under the action of gravity at the moment, under the action of the air flow, the gravity is overcome, and acceleration opposite to the velocity direction is also provided for the blood sampling tube, so that the blood, therefore, when the blood sampling tube reaches the receiving end, the speed is not too high, so that the blood sampling tube is prevented from being impacted to cause hemolysis of the blood sample in the blood sampling tube, and the parameter detection of the blood is not influenced. The reverse air current that provides through decelerator 19 carries out contactless speed reduction to the heparin tube, has avoided the heparin tube to take place to strike and the blood sample that brings at the deceleration in-process and has taken place to vibrate, and the quality of the blood sample of assurance prevents that the blood sample from taking place the hemolysis and influencing the testing result at the deceleration in-process.

Further, in a possible embodiment, as shown in fig. 4 and 5, a non-return switch 27 is disposed on a vertical section of the main pipe 24, specifically, the non-return switch 27 includes a housing 30, a sealing plate 31, a mounting plate 32 and a non-return arm 33, the housing 30 has a cylindrical through hole having a diameter equal to that of the main pipe 24, two sides of the through hole are respectively communicated with the main pipe 24, the sealing plate 31 is fixedly mounted on the housing 30, the non-return arm 33 is fixedly connected with the mounting plate 32 through a rotating shaft 34, the rotating shaft 34 is connected with the mounting plate 32 through a bearing 14, the non-return arm 33 is provided with a through hole adapted to the bearing 14, the non-return arm 33 is provided with a pressing plate 35 through a bolt, the pressing plate 35 is used for limiting the bearing 14 to prevent the bearing 14 from sliding along an axial direction of the rotating shaft 34, the housing 30 is further provided with a strip-shaped avoiding hole 36, the avoiding hole 36 enables the housing 30 to be communicated with the inside and outside, one end of the non, the other end axial extension forms the counter weight end, the weight of counter weight end is greater than the weight of the contrary arm 33 other end, and under the pneumatic transmission system standby state, the one end that is close main pipe 24 on the contrary arm 33 and dodge the contact of hole 36 upside inner wall thereby form spacing to contrary arm 33, still is connected with the lid through the closing plate 31 on the casing 30, mounting panel 32, contrary arm 33 and dodge the hole 36 and all be located the lid.

In the in-process that the blood sampling pipe marchd, the blood sampling pipe is at first with the one end contact that lies in casing 30 on the contrary arm 33, owing to set up of dodging hole 36, the blood sampling pipe can make contrary arm 33 revolute axle 34 and rotate, when the blood sampling pipe passes through completely the back, contrary arm 33 makes contrary arm 33 antiport in order to resume owing to the existence of counter weight end contrary gesture under the standby state, when blood volume is less in the blood sampling pipe, the acceleration of blood sampling pipe is too big in order to form reverse motion when reverse air current is possible, and at this moment, lie in the one end of casing 30 inside on the contrary arm 33 and form spacingly to the blood sampling pipe through back stop switch 27 to prevent blood sampling pipe reverse motion. In this embodiment, the counterweight end may also be connected to the servo cylinder, and the check arm 33 may also be restored to the original posture by providing a spring, which is a solution that can be easily implemented by those skilled in the art, and is not described herein again. In this embodiment, the counterweight end is arranged, and the weight difference between the two ends and the length of the force arms on the two sides of the rotating shaft 34 are controlled to design, so that the structure is simple and the cost is low.

Further, on the vertical section of trunk line 24, interval set gradually has third sensor 28 and fourth sensor 29 in the below of non-return switch 27, and when third sensor 28 detected the heparin tube, decelerator 19 began to work and has slowed down the heparin tube, and when fourth sensor 29 detected the heparin tube, decelerator 19 stopped to slow down the heparin tube to make the heparin tube can be quick reach the receiving terminal with predetermined speed.

The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A deceleration device for decelerating a transmission body in a pneumatic transmission system is characterized by comprising a negative pressure generating device (4) and a reversing valve;

the negative pressure generating device is provided with an air inlet end (6) and an air outlet end (5);

the reversing valve is provided with a first vent hole (3), a second vent hole (1) and a third vent hole (2) used for being communicated with a main pipeline (24) in a pneumatic transmission system, and the first vent hole (3) is communicated with the air inlet end (6);

the reversing valve has a first state and a second state, when the reversing valve is in the first state, the first air vent (3) is communicated with the third air vent (2), and when the reversing valve is in the second state, the first air vent (3) is communicated with the second air vent (1).

2. A reduction gear unit according to claim 1, wherein the reversing valve comprises a revolving body (12) and a revolving housing (9) arranged outside the revolving body (12), the revolving body (12) can perform revolving movement in the revolving housing (9), and the first vent (3), the second vent (1) and the third vent (2) are all located on the revolving housing (9);

a transition cavity is arranged in the revolving body (12), and the revolving body (12) is also provided with a fourth vent hole (13), a fifth vent hole (11) and a sixth vent hole (10) which are communicated with the transition cavity;

when the revolving body (12) rotates to enable the reversing valve to be in a first state, the first vent hole (3) is communicated with the fourth vent hole (13), the sixth vent hole (10) is communicated with the third vent hole (2), and gas can reach the first vent hole (3) from the third vent hole (2) through the sixth vent hole (10), the transition cavity and the fourth vent hole (13) in sequence;

the solid of revolution (12) rotates so that when the switching-over valve is in the second state, first blow vent (3) with fourth blow vent (13) intercommunication, fifth blow vent (11) with second blow vent (1), gas can reach first blow vent (3) through fifth blow vent (11), transition chamber, fourth blow vent (13) in proper order from second blow vent (1).

3. A reduction gear unit according to claim 2, characterised in that the sixth vent (10) is connected to the third vent (2) when the fifth vent (11) is in communication with the second vent (1).

4. A reduction gear unit according to claim 3, wherein said second ventilating opening (1) and said third ventilating opening (2) are disposed opposite to each other and on the same circumference of a rotation axis of said rotation body (12), and said first ventilating opening (3) and said second ventilating opening (1) are disposed on two circumferences of said rotation axis, respectively;

the fifth ventilation port (11) and the sixth ventilation port (10) are positioned on the same circumference of the rotating shaft, the centroid of the fifth ventilation port (11) and the centroid of the sixth ventilation port (10) form an included angle with the rotating shaft, the included angle is 120 degrees, and the rotating body (12) can be divided into six equal parts by the fifth ventilation port (11) or the sixth ventilation port (10) along the circumferential direction of the rotating shaft;

and in the circumferential direction of the rotating shaft, the width of the fourth air vent (13) is at least 2 times of the width of the first air vent (3).

5. A reduction unit according to claim 2, characterized in that said body of revolution (12) has a detection end (18) detectable by a sensor.

6. A decelerator according to claim 5, characterised in that the number of the sensing ends (18) is at least 2, and any two sensing ends (18) form an angle with the rotation axis of the rotator (12), wherein the angle of at least 2 sensing ends (18) is equal to the angle between the centroid of two adjacent second ventilation holes and the rotation axis.

7. A decelerator according to claim 6, characterised in that at least 3 of the sensing ends (18) are arranged such that the angle between at least two sensing ends (18) is greater than or equal to 2 times the angle between the centroid of two adjacent second ventilation holes and the axis of rotation.

8. A pneumatic transmission system, characterized by comprising a main pipe (24) for transmitting a transmission body and a speed reducing device (19) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the third vent (2) is communicated with the main pipe (24), the second vent (1) is communicated with air, and the air outlet end (5) of the negative pressure generating device (4) is communicated with air;

when the pneumatic transmission system transmits the transmission body, the reversing valve is in a first state, and the negative pressure generating equipment (4) normally operates;

when the pneumatic transmission system is in the time period of the transmission interval, the negative pressure generating device (4) is in overload operation, and the reversing valve is switched from the first state to the second state so that the negative pressure generating device (4) can normally operate.

9. A pneumatic transmission system according to claim 8, characterized in that, be provided with contrary switch (27) on trunk line (24), contrary switch (27) have with trunk line (24) sealing connection's casing (30) and set up contrary arm (33) that ends in casing (30), contrary arm (33) one end with casing (30) are articulated, it has the major axis to be on a parallel with the extending direction's of trunk line (24) strip hole to open on trunk line (24), strip hole make trunk line (24) with the inside intercommunication of casing (30), the other end of contrary arm (33) is passed strip hole is located inside trunk line (24), contrary arm (33) can be in the major axis direction swing in strip hole.

10. A pneumatic transmission system according to claim 9, wherein the non-return arm (33) is hinged at its middle to the housing (30), the non-return arm (33) having a weight at one end located in the main conduit (24) which is less than the weight at the other end.

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