CN113099092B - Design method of high-performance imaging system - Google Patents
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- CN113099092B CN113099092B CN202110380754.4A CN202110380754A CN113099092B CN 113099092 B CN113099092 B CN 113099092B CN 202110380754 A CN202110380754 A CN 202110380754A CN 113099092 B CN113099092 B CN 113099092B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04N23/45—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof for generating image signals from two or more image sensors being of different type or operating in different modes, e.g. with a CMOS sensor for moving images in combination with a charge-coupled device [CCD] for still images
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Abstract
The invention relates to a design method of a high-performance imaging system, which comprises the following steps: calculating the required resolution ratio which needs to be met by the image sensor according to the application requirement; searching an image sensor matched with the required resolution; if not, determining the image sensor corresponding to the actual resolution which is closest to the actual resolution and is one level higher than the required resolution; calculating a physical size corresponding to the required resolution according to the required resolution, the actual resolution and a physical size corresponding to the actual resolution; determining a lens corresponding to the required resolution and a lens corresponding to the actual resolution according to the physical size corresponding to the required resolution and the physical size corresponding to the actual resolution; comparing whether the apertures of the lenses are consistent; and if the caliber of the lens corresponding to the actual resolution is larger than that of the lens corresponding to the required resolution, selecting the lens corresponding to the required resolution and the image sensor corresponding to the actual resolution. The high performance requirements of the imaging system can be met, and the processing capacity of the imaging system can be effectively reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of visual imaging, in particular to a design method of a high-performance imaging system.
Background
The imaging system in industrial vision mainly comprises a camera, a lens, an acquisition card (optional), a light source and a power supply. The camera is a core device of an imaging system, performance of the camera is mainly determined by an image sensor, the resolution, pixel size, circuit design and the like of the image sensor determine the size of the image sensor, and the size of the image sensor affects type selection of a lens. In order to make full use of the full resolution of the image sensor and to achieve better image quality, a lens with an aperture larger than the size of the target surface of the image sensor is selected, as shown in fig. 1, where the aperture of the lens represents the maximum light entrance aperture of the lens, i.e. the maximum aperture of the lens.
Image sensors typically have fixed resolution specifications, such as: the mainstream resolution of the area-array camera is 30Mega, 65Mega and the like, and the mainstream resolution of the line-array camera is 2K, 4K, 8K, 16K and the like. For some applications with specific requirements, when the image sensor is selected according to the detection accuracy, there may be no image sensor with a suitable resolution specification, and if an image sensor with a resolution one level lower than the resolution required by the application is selected, the detection accuracy of the imaging system does not meet the requirements, that is, the performance does not meet the requirements; if an image sensor with a resolution one level higher than the application requirement is selected, although the performance of the imaging system can be ensured, a large-aperture lens may need to be matched, on one hand, the data processing amount is too large, and on the other hand, the cost performance of the large-aperture lens is not high.
Therefore, in an imaging system, how to determine a more matched image sensor and lens, and take account of data bandwidth and cost performance is a main problem to be solved at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a design method of a high-performance imaging system, which aims to solve the problems of how to determine a more matched image sensor and lens and considering cost performance and data bandwidth.
The technical scheme adopted by the application is as follows:
the invention provides a design method of a high-performance imaging system, which comprises the following steps:
calculating the required resolution ratio which needs to be met by the image sensor according to the application requirement;
searching an image sensor matched with the required resolution;
if no image sensor matched with the required resolution ratio exists, determining the image sensor which is closest to the image sensor and corresponds to the actual resolution ratio one level higher than the required resolution ratio;
calculating a physical size corresponding to the required resolution according to the required resolution, the actual resolution and a physical size corresponding to the actual resolution;
determining a lens corresponding to the required resolution and a lens corresponding to the actual resolution according to the physical size corresponding to the required resolution and the physical size corresponding to the actual resolution;
comparing whether the lens caliber corresponding to the required resolution is consistent with the lens caliber corresponding to the actual resolution lens;
and if the caliber of the lens corresponding to the actual resolution is larger than that of the lens corresponding to the required resolution, selecting the lens corresponding to the required resolution and the image sensor corresponding to the actual resolution.
Further, after selecting the lens corresponding to the required resolution and the image sensor corresponding to the actual resolution, the method includes: and determining image resolution data which is finally required to be output by the imaging system according to the aperture of the lens corresponding to the required resolution and the image sensor corresponding to the actual resolution.
Further, the physical size calculation formula corresponding to the required resolution is as follows:
Size＝(Res*Size′)/Res′；
and Res is the required resolution, Res 'is the actual resolution, Size' is the physical Size corresponding to the actual resolution, and Size is the physical Size corresponding to the required resolution.
Further, determining the final image resolution data to be output by applying the image sensor corresponding to the actual resolution to the lens corresponding to the required resolution, includes:
and determining image resolution data which needs to be output finally by the linear array camera and determining image resolution data which needs to be output finally by the area array camera.
Further, determining the resolution data which needs to be output by the line camera finally comprises the following steps:
taking the center of the image sensor output image corresponding to the actual resolution as the center of the final output image;
in the horizontal resolution direction of the final output image, Res/2 is cut right and left and is used as final resolution data of the output image, wherein the Res/2 is close to the center of the final output image.
Further, determining the resolution data which the area array camera finally needs to output comprises the following steps:
taking the center of the image sensor output image corresponding to the actual resolution as the center of the final output image;
if the length of the short side of the actual resolution is less than or equal to the length corresponding to the required resolution, and the length of the long side of the actual resolution is greater than the length corresponding to the required resolution;
the actual resolution data is output in the vertical resolution direction of the final output image, and Res/2 is cut right and left in the horizontal resolution direction and is used as the final resolution data of the output image.
Further, if the length of the short side and the length of the long side of the actual resolution are both greater than the length corresponding to the required resolution;
then Res/2 is cut up and down respectively in the vertical resolution direction of the final output image and is cut up and left and right respectively in the horizontal resolution direction, and the Res/2 is cut up and down respectively in the vertical resolution direction and is close to the center of the final output image to be used as the final resolution data of the output image.
Further, after finding the image sensor matching the required resolution, the method further includes: and if the image sensor matched with the required resolution ratio exists, selecting the image sensor matched with the required resolution ratio.
Further, if the aperture of the lens corresponding to the actual resolution is the same as the aperture of the lens corresponding to the required resolution, the image sensor corresponding to the actual resolution and the lens corresponding to the actual resolution are selected.
Further, the application requirements include: the detection accuracy of the required image sensor and the size of the field of view of the camera.
Further, the application requirements comprise the application requirements of the linear array camera and the application requirements of the area array camera;
the application requirements of the line camera comprise: the detection precision of the required image sensor corresponding to the linear array camera and the horizontal view field width of the linear array camera are obtained;
the application requirements of the area-array camera comprise: the detection precision of the required image sensor corresponding to the area array camera and the vertical view field height of the area array camera are obtained. The technical scheme of the application has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a design method of a high-performance imaging system, which comprises the following steps: calculating the required resolution ratio which needs to be met by the image sensor according to the application requirement; searching an image sensor matched with the required resolution; if not, determining the image sensor corresponding to the actual resolution which is closest to the actual resolution and is one level higher than the required resolution; calculating a physical size corresponding to the required resolution according to the required resolution, the actual resolution and a physical size corresponding to the actual resolution; determining a lens corresponding to the required resolution and a lens corresponding to the actual resolution according to the physical size corresponding to the required resolution and the physical size corresponding to the actual resolution; comparing whether the apertures of the lenses are consistent; and if the caliber of the lens corresponding to the actual resolution is larger than that of the lens corresponding to the required resolution, selecting the lens corresponding to the required resolution and the image sensor corresponding to the actual resolution.
The lens corresponding to the required resolution and the image sensor corresponding to the actual resolution which are selected after the processing of the steps can meet the high-performance requirement of the imaging system, the cost of the imaging system can be reduced, and meanwhile, the processing capacity of the imaging system can be effectively reduced.
Drawings
In order to more clearly explain the technical solution of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious to those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a relationship between an image sensor and a lens aperture in the prior art;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method of designing a high performance imaging system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the effective resolution and the full resolution (the full resolution is the actual resolution) according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description refers to the accompanying drawings, like numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements unless otherwise indicated. The embodiments described in the following examples do not represent all embodiments consistent with the present application. But merely as exemplifications of systems and methods consistent with certain aspects of the application, as recited in the claims.
Example one
As shown in fig. 2, the present application provides a method for designing a high-performance imaging system, which includes the following steps:
s01: calculating the required resolution ratio which needs to be met by the image sensor according to the application requirement;
in this embodiment, the application requirements include: the detection accuracy of the required image sensor and the size of the field of view of the camera.
Specifically, the method comprises the following steps: the application requirements comprise the application requirements of the linear array camera and the application requirements of the area array camera;
for a line camera, then, the application requirements of the line camera include: the detection precision of the required image sensor corresponding to the linear array camera and the horizontal view field width of the linear array camera are determined, and the view field of the linear array camera is based on the long edge of the image sensor of the linear array camera;
the specific calculation method is explained by taking the linear array camera as an example, and assuming that the width of a field of view is H mm and the detection precision is D mm, the required resolution of the linear array camera at least needs to meet the value of H/D.
For an area-array camera, the application requirements of the area-array camera include: the detection precision of the required image sensor corresponding to the area array camera and the vertical view field height of the area array camera are determined, and the view field of the area array camera is based on the short side of the image sensor of the area array camera.
S02: searching an image sensor matched with the required resolution;
s03: if no image sensor matched with the required resolution ratio exists, determining the image sensor corresponding to the actual resolution ratio which is closest to and one level higher than the required resolution ratio;
in the present embodiment, in order to satisfy the performance of the imaging system, if there is no image sensor that completely matches the required resolution, an image sensor one level higher than the required resolution is selected. For example: the required resolution calculated according to the application requirement is 3K, and no image sensor with the resolution is available in the market, so that a 4K image sensor which is one level higher than the required resolution can be selected.
S04: calculating a physical size corresponding to the required resolution according to the required resolution, the actual resolution and a physical size corresponding to the actual resolution;
the physical size calculation formula corresponding to the required resolution is as follows:
Size＝(Res*Size′)/Res′；
and Res is the required resolution, Res 'is the actual resolution, Size' is the physical Size corresponding to the actual resolution, and Size is the physical Size corresponding to the required resolution.
Taking a 4K line camera from a chip manufacturer as an example, the physical Size corresponding to the actual resolution is about 29.5mm, and the physical Size corresponding to the 3K resolution calculated according to the requirement can be obtained as (3 × 29.5)/4 — 22.125 mm.
S05: determining a lens corresponding to the required resolution and a lens corresponding to the actual resolution according to the physical size corresponding to the required resolution and the physical size corresponding to the actual resolution;
s06: and comparing whether the caliber of the lens corresponding to the required resolution is consistent with the caliber of the lens corresponding to the actual resolution lens.
According to the size in the above example, a suitable lens is selected, that is, the required resolution is 3k, the lens corresponding to the required resolution 3k is a C-port lens (the aperture is about 25mm), and if the actual resolution is 4k, the lens corresponding to the actual resolution 4k is an F-port lens.
S07: if the caliber of the lens corresponding to the actual resolution is larger than that of the lens corresponding to the required resolution, selecting the lens corresponding to the required resolution and the image sensor corresponding to the actual resolution;
in the above example, the aperture of the C-aperture lens is smaller than that of the F-aperture lens, and is much cheaper, so that the high performance and low cost of the imaging system can be satisfied by selecting the image sensor with the actual resolution of 4k and correspondingly selecting the C-aperture lens with the lower price.
S08: and determining image resolution data which needs to be output finally when the image sensor corresponding to the actual resolution is applied to the lens corresponding to the required resolution.
Specifically, in order to obtain the best image effect and a smaller data bandwidth, image processing needs to be performed inside the camera, so that the image sensor corresponding to the actual resolution can correspond to the camera lens with the aperture corresponding to the required resolution, and the resolution data actually required to be output by the imaging system is determined, so that the imaging effect is better.
The adaptation is made specifically as follows:
determining resolution data actually required to be output by an imaging system, comprising: and determining the resolution data which needs to be output finally by the lens of the linear array camera and determining the resolution data which needs to be output finally by the lens of the area array camera.
In this embodiment, for a line camera, determining resolution data actually required to be output by a lens of the line camera includes:
taking the center of the image sensor output image corresponding to the actual resolution as the center of the final output image;
the long side of the image sensor corresponding to the actual resolution is taken as the horizontal resolution direction of the final output image;
in the horizontal resolution direction of the final output image, the Res/2 is cut from the left and the right sides of the final output image, which are close to the center of the final output image, and the cut data are used as final resolution data of the output image.
As shown in fig. 3, for the resolution of the final output image of the line camera in the embodiment, it is only necessary to output image data of Res/2 (3072/2) or 1536 on the left and right sides in the longitudinal direction (3072 is 3k, 1k (1024) mentioned in the above step).
In this embodiment, for the area-array camera, determining resolution data that the lens of the area-array camera actually needs to output includes:
taking the center of the image sensor output image corresponding to the actual resolution as the center of the final output image;
the long side of the image sensor corresponding to the actual resolution is taken as the horizontal resolution direction of the final output image;
the vertical resolution direction of the final output image is aligned with the short side of the image sensor corresponding to the actual resolution;
if the length of the short side of the actual resolution is less than or equal to the length corresponding to the required resolution, and the length of the long side of the actual resolution is greater than the length corresponding to the required resolution;
the actual resolution data is output in the vertical resolution direction of the final output image, and Res/2 is intercepted right and left in the horizontal resolution direction and is used as the final resolution data of the output image.
If the length of the short side and the length of the long side of the actual resolution are both larger than the length corresponding to the required resolution;
then in the vertical resolution direction of the final output image, each Res/2 is cut up and down next to the center of the final output image, and in the horizontal resolution length direction, each Res/2 is cut up and down next to the center of the final output image as the final resolution data of the output image.
The lens corresponding to the required resolution and the image sensor corresponding to the actual resolution which are selected and used after the processing of the step S08 can meet the high-performance requirement of the imaging system, and the cost of the imaging system can be reduced; meanwhile, the image sensor corresponding to the actual resolution is applied to the lens corresponding to the required resolution, and the processing amount of the imaging system can be effectively reduced by means of cutting Res/2 of the final output image resolution up and down or left and right.
Example two
Unlike the first embodiment, the second embodiment includes the following steps:
s01: calculating the required resolution ratio which needs to be met by the image sensor according to the application requirement;
s02: searching an image sensor matched with the required resolution;
s03: if the image sensor matched with the required resolution ratio exists, selecting the image sensor matched with the required resolution ratio;
s04: acquiring a physical size corresponding to a required resolution;
s05: and determining the lens corresponding to the required resolution according to the physical size corresponding to the required resolution.
EXAMPLE III
Different from the first embodiment and the second embodiment, the third embodiment comprises the following steps:
s01: calculating the required resolution ratio which needs to be met by the image sensor according to the application requirement;
s02: searching an image sensor matched with the required resolution;
s03: if no image sensor matched with the required resolution ratio exists, determining the image sensor which is closest to the image sensor and corresponds to the actual resolution ratio one level higher than the required resolution ratio;
s04: calculating a physical size corresponding to the required resolution according to the required resolution, the actual resolution and a physical size corresponding to the actual resolution;
s05: determining a lens corresponding to the required resolution and a lens corresponding to the actual resolution according to the physical size corresponding to the required resolution and the physical size corresponding to the actual resolution;
s06: comparing whether the lens caliber corresponding to the required resolution is consistent with the lens caliber corresponding to the actual resolution lens;
s07: and if the caliber of the lens corresponding to the actual resolution is the same as that of the lens corresponding to the required resolution, selecting the image sensor corresponding to the actual resolution and the lens corresponding to the actual resolution.
It is noted that relational terms such as "first" and "second," and the like, may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that an article or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The previous description is only an example of the present application, and is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to understand or implement the present application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the application. Thus, the present application is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
It will be understood that the present application is not limited to what has been described above and shown in the accompanying drawings, and that various modifications and changes can be made without departing from the scope thereof. The scope of the application is limited only by the appended claims.
Claims (11)
1. A method of designing a high performance imaging system, comprising the steps of:
calculating the required resolution ratio which needs to be met by the image sensor according to the application requirement;
searching an image sensor matched with the required resolution;
if no image sensor matched with the required resolution ratio exists, determining the image sensor which is closest to the image sensor and corresponds to the actual resolution ratio one level higher than the required resolution ratio;
calculating a physical size corresponding to the required resolution according to the required resolution, the actual resolution and a physical size corresponding to the actual resolution;
determining a lens corresponding to the required resolution and a lens corresponding to the actual resolution according to the physical size corresponding to the required resolution and the physical size corresponding to the actual resolution;
comparing whether the lens caliber corresponding to the required resolution is consistent with the lens caliber corresponding to the actual resolution lens;
and if the caliber of the lens corresponding to the actual resolution is larger than that of the lens corresponding to the required resolution, selecting the lens corresponding to the required resolution and the image sensor corresponding to the actual resolution.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the physical size calculation formula corresponding to the required resolution is as follows:
Size＝(Res*Size′)/Res′
and Res is the required resolution, Res 'is the actual resolution, Size' is the physical Size corresponding to the actual resolution, and Size is the physical Size corresponding to the required resolution.
3. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein after selecting the lens corresponding to the required resolution and the image sensor corresponding to the actual resolution, the method further comprises:
and determining image resolution data which needs to be output finally when the image sensor corresponding to the actual resolution is applied to the lens corresponding to the required resolution.
4. The method for designing a high-performance imaging system according to claim 3, wherein determining the final image resolution data to be output by applying the image sensor corresponding to the actual resolution to the lens corresponding to the required resolution comprises:
and determining image resolution data which needs to be output finally by the linear array camera and determining image resolution data which needs to be output finally by the area array camera.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein determining the final resolution data to be output by the line camera comprises:
taking the center of the image sensor output image corresponding to the actual resolution as the center of the final output image;
and in the horizontal resolution direction of the final output image, Res/2 is intercepted at the left side and the right side close to the center of the final output image to be used as final resolution data of the output image.
6. The method for designing a high-performance imaging system according to claim 4, wherein determining the resolution data that the area-array camera finally needs to output comprises:
taking the center of the image sensor output image corresponding to the actual resolution as the center of the final output image;
if the length of the short side of the actual resolution is less than or equal to the length corresponding to the required resolution, and the length of the long side of the actual resolution is greater than the length corresponding to the required resolution;
the actual resolution data is output in the vertical resolution direction of the final output image, and Res/2 is cut out from the left and right sides in the horizontal resolution direction, which are close to the center of the final output image, to be used as the final resolution data of the output image.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein if the length of the short side and the length of the long side of the actual resolution are both greater than the length corresponding to the required resolution;
then in the vertical resolution direction of the final output image, each Res/2 is cut up and down next to the center of the final output image, and in the horizontal resolution direction, each Res/2 is cut up and down next to the center of the final output image as the final resolution data of the output image.
8. The method of designing a high performance imaging system according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising, after finding an image sensor matching a required resolution:
and if the image sensor matched with the required resolution ratio exists, selecting the image sensor matched with the required resolution ratio.
9. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein if the aperture of the lens corresponding to the actual resolution is the same as the aperture of the lens corresponding to the required resolution, the image sensor corresponding to the actual resolution and the lens corresponding to the actual resolution are selected.
10. The method of designing a high performance imaging system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the application requirements include: the detection accuracy of the required image sensor and the size of the field of view of the camera.
11. The design method of a high performance imaging system according to claim 10, wherein the application requirements include application requirements of a line camera and application requirements of an area camera;
the application requirements of the line camera comprise: the detection precision of the required image sensor corresponding to the linear array camera and the horizontal view field width of the linear array camera are obtained;
the application requirements of the area-array camera comprise: the detection precision of the required image sensor corresponding to the area array camera and the vertical view field height of the area array camera are obtained.
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