CN113098321B - Fiber working electrode and ocean energy recovery device - Google Patents
Fiber working electrode and ocean energy recovery device Download PDFInfo
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- CN113098321B CN113098321B CN202110311484.1A CN202110311484A CN113098321B CN 113098321 B CN113098321 B CN 113098321B CN 202110311484 A CN202110311484 A CN 202110311484A CN 113098321 B CN113098321 B CN 113098321B
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- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims description 11
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002109 single walled nanotube Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000578 dry spinning Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010009 beating Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000005518 electrochemistry Effects 0.000 description 4
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N2/00—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction
- H02N2/18—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing electrical output from mechanical input, e.g. generators
- H02N2/185—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing electrical output from mechanical input, e.g. generators using fluid streams
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
- F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
- F03B13/14—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
- F03B13/22—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the flow of water resulting from wave movements to drive a motor or turbine
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/30—Energy from the sea, e.g. using wave energy or salinity gradient
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of energy recovery and discloses a fibrous working electrode and an ocean energy recovery device. The inside clearance that exists of fibrous working electrode in this application, the clearance is used for acceping the sea water, fibrous working electrode's material is for forming the material of electric double layer structure under the environment of sea water, and the change of sea water volume in the clearance realizes that fibrous working electrode's electric potential changes and then forms voltage, and this fibrous working electrode both can be twisted and can be stretched simultaneously, and then can react more sensitively to the ocean energy of low frequency, has higher efficiency to the recovery of low frequency ocean energy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field related to energy recovery, and particularly relates to a fiber working electrode and an ocean energy recovery device.
Background
Ocean energy has the advantages of wide distribution and large size, particularly ocean wave energy, and it is estimated that wave energy generated around a coastline around the world is about 2-3 TW, and if mechanical energy generated by waves is recovered in open ocean, the obtained wave energy is still an order of magnitude larger, so that the recovery of wave energy is one of the key directions for ocean energy development.
At present, the recovery of ocean energy is mainly realized by means of an electromagnetic generator, for example, a swing type buoy, which utilizes water wave motion to drive a pump at the sea bottom and transfers fluid through a closed ring, and the shore extending to about 3km drives the electromagnetic generator to generate electricity; the other is a connected floating vernier, which is driven by water waves and uses a hydraulic pump at the connection to transfer fluid to an onshore electromagnetic generator to generate electricity. However, the electromagnetic generator is very heavy, and the coil and the magnet of the electromagnetic generator are easily corroded by seawater, so that the cost is high; in addition, the recovery efficiency of electromagnetic power generation equipment is low when operating in irregular environments and at low frequencies (< 5Hz), and therefore, the energy collection performance and cost efficiency of current ocean energy recovery devices are not ideal, and the research is mainly in the early stage of prototype development and testing, and no commercial facility for collecting ocean wave energy on a large scale exists in the world. Therefore, how to convert wave energy into electric energy in marine environment is a current research focus.
The prior art discloses that a friction nano generator (TENG) is more effective in collecting wave energy compared with an electromagnetic power generation device, the friction nano generator-based device generally has the characteristics of light weight and low cost, researchers continuously improve the usability of the friction nano generator in the aspect of ocean energy recovery through structural design and performance optimization since the invention of the friction nano generator, but based on the power generation characteristic of the friction nano generator, the output performance is in direct proportion to frequency, namely the output performance is increased along with the increase of the frequency, so the friction nano generator is only suitable for the high-frequency working condition, the output performance is obviously reduced under the working frequency lower than 0.1Hz, the existing shell-core fibrous working electrode based on an electrochemical mechanism improves the energy recovery efficiency in the torsion direction, but due to the compact structure, the shell-core fibrous working electrode only can recover energy in the torsion direction, however, the recovery of energy in the stretching direction is useless, so that the electrochemical available surface area can be changed only by twisting, and for low-frequency sea wave beating, the recovery of the low-frequency energy is far from enough to collect the energy in the twisting direction, so that an energy recovery device which is more sensitive to the mechanical energy of the low-frequency sea wave is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above drawbacks or needs for improvement in the prior art, the present invention provides a fiber working electrode and an ocean energy recovery device, which realize efficient recovery of low-frequency ocean energy through the change of electrochemical characteristics of the fiber working electrode with high sensitivity.
In order to achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a fibrous working electrode, in which a gap communicating with the outside is formed in the fibrous working electrode, the gap is used for receiving seawater, the fibrous working electrode is made of a material forming an electric double layer structure in an environment of seawater, the fibrous working electrode is stretched or twisted to change the amount of seawater in the gap, thereby changing an electrochemically usable surface area of the fibrous working electrode, and changing an electric potential of the fibrous working electrode to generate a current.
Preferably, the material of the fibrous working electrode comprises carbon nanotubes or graphene or porous carbon.
Preferably, the output power P of the fibrous working electrode and the density of the fibrous working electrode
The relationship between them is:
preferably, the fibrous working electrode is prepared by a dry spinning method.
The application also provides an ocean energy recovery device based on the fibrous working electrode, which comprises: an elastic stretching housing which rotates or stretches under the action of an external force; one end of the fibrous working electrode is connected to one end of the elastic stretching shell, and the elastic stretching shell stretches or rotates to drive the fibrous working electrode to stretch or twist so as to recover energy.
Preferably, the material of the elastic stretching shell is polyester rubber.
Preferably, the energy recovery device further comprises a rotating mechanism, a counter electrode and a lead, wherein the rotating mechanism is used for rotating under the action of seawater and is connected to the other end of the elastic stretching shell; one end of the counter electrode is connected to one end of the fibrous working electrode, and the other ends of the counter electrode and the fibrous working electrode are respectively led out through the leads.
Preferably, the counter electrode comprises bucky paper made of single-walled carbon nanotubes.
Preferably, the energy recovery device further comprises a reference electrode and an electrode housing, one end of the reference electrode is connected to one end of the fibrous working electrode, the other end of the reference electrode is connected to the lead, and the fibrous working electrode, the counter electrode and the reference electrode are arranged in the electrode housing.
Preferably, the material of the rotating mechanism and the electrode shell is polytetrafluoroethylene.
Generally, compared with the prior art, the fiber working electrode and the ocean energy recovery device provided by the invention have the following beneficial effects:
1. the inside clearance that exists of fibrous working electrode in this application, the clearance is used for acceping the sea water, fibrous working electrode's material is for forming the material of electric double layer structure under the environment of sea water, and the change of sea water volume in the clearance realizes that fibrous working electrode's electric potential changes and then forms voltage, and this fibrous working electrode both can be twisted and can be stretched simultaneously, and then can react more sensitively to the ocean energy of low frequency, has higher efficiency to the recovery of low frequency ocean energy.
2. Not only can realize the torsion to fibrous working electrode through the tensile casing of elasticity, can also realize the drawing to fibrous working electrode, this fibrous working electrode is obtained by the material preparation that can form the double electric layer structure, realize fibrous working electrode density's change and then change the available surface area of fibre material's electrochemistry through drawing and torsion, and then make fibrous working electrode electric capacity's change by a wide margin, the kinetic energy of seizure low frequency wave that can be very sensitive, can realize down to 0.01Hz ocean energy recovery.
3 the fibrous working electrode of this application not only can change the electrochemistry surface area through the torsion of slewing mechanism, can change its electrochemistry available surface area through the tensile of elasticity tensile casing simultaneously to improve energy recuperation device's response sensitivity, improved energy recuperation device's energy conversion efficiency, the energy conversion efficiency at ultralow frequency (0.01Hz to 0.1Hz) working range is 8% to 16.5%.
4. The ocean energy recovery device is based on the electrochemical mechanism characteristics (the output performance is increased along with the reduction of the frequency) of the fibrous working electrode, the longer the beating period of a single sea wave is, the slower the change of the electrochemical available surface area of the fibrous working electrode is, the more sufficient the charge rearrangement on the surface of the fibrous working electrode material is, and the more obvious the potential change is, so that the energy conversion efficiency of the fibrous working electrode has the characteristic of increasing along with the reduction of the frequency, and has higher energy conversion efficiency under the working condition of less than 0.1 Hz.
5. The elastic stretching shell is made of polyester rubber, has high sensitivity to torsion and stretching, and can amplify the torsion force and the stretching force so as to sensitively capture the change of external force, thus realizing the stretching and the twisting of the fibrous working electrode and improving the reaction sensitivity to low-frequency energy.
6. The fiber material is preferably cheap and easily available carbon nano tubes or graphene or porous carbon, the water wheels and the electrode shell are made of corrosion-resistant polytetrafluoroethylene, the manufacturing cost is low, the volume can be randomly controlled according to needs, the applicability is high, and the fiber material can be widely applied to ocean wave energy recovery.
Drawings
FIG. 1 schematically shows a schematic structural view of a fiber working electrode and an ocean energy recovery device according to the present embodiment;
FIG. 2 schematically shows an exploded view of a fiber working electrode and an ocean energy recovery device according to the present embodiment;
FIG. 3 schematically illustrates an enlarged view of a fibrous working electrode according to the present embodiment;
fig. 4A schematically illustrates peak voltages of the energy recovery device of the embodiment of the present application at different load resistances;
FIG. 4B schematically illustrates peak power of an energy recovery device of an embodiment of the present application at different load resistances;
FIG. 5 schematically illustrates an energy recovery device power versus time graph according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 6 schematically shows an energy recovery effect graph of the energy recovery device of the embodiment of the application at different frequencies.
The same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like elements or structures, wherein:
1-a rotation mechanism; 2-elastically stretching the shell; 3-a fibrous working electrode; 4-pair of electrodes; 5-a wire; 6-a reference electrode; 7-electrode casing.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
The invention provides a fibrous working electrode, wherein a gap communicated with the outside exists in the fibrous working electrode, the gap is used for accommodating seawater, the fibrous working electrode is made of a material forming an electric double layer structure in a seawater environment, the fibrous working electrode is stretched or twisted to change the amount of seawater in the gap, the electrochemically available surface area of the fibrous working electrode is changed, and the potential of the fibrous working electrode is changed to generate current. The material of the fibrous working electrode comprises carbon nanotubes or graphene or porous carbon.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the invention provides an ocean energy recovery device, which includes a rotation mechanism 1, an elastic stretching housing 2 and a fibrous working electrode 3.
The rotating mechanism 1 may be a water wheel which rotates under the flow or flap of the seawater, thereby converting the kinetic energy into mechanical energy of the rotating mechanism 1. The material of the rotating mechanism 1 is seawater corrosion resistant material, preferably polytetrafluoroethylene.
The elastic stretching shell 2 is preferably made of polyester rubber, and one end of the elastic stretching shell is connected with the center of the rotating mechanism 1 so as to rotate or stretch under the driving of the rotating mechanism 1; the other end of which is connected to one end of the fibrous working electrode 3 for transmitting rotation or tension to the fibrous working electrode 3.
The fibrous working electrode 3 is made of a material capable of forming an electric double layer in seawater, and as shown in fig. 3, one end of the fibrous working electrode is connected to the other end of the elastic tensile casing 2, wherein a gap communicating with the outside exists inside the fibrous working electrode, so that when the fibrous working electrode 3 is installed in seawater, the gap is filled with seawater, and the fibrous working electrode 3 absorbs cations and anions in the seawater in a seawater environment to form an electric double layer structure. In this embodiment, the fiber material may be carbon nanotube or graphene or porous carbon. The output power P of the fibrous working electrode 3 and the density of the fibrous working electrode 3
The relationship between them is:
the fiber material has good torsion and tensile properties, and can be stretched or rotated under the action of the elastic stretching shell 2 so as to realize the change of the density of the fibrous working electrode 3, thereby changing the electrochemical surface area to cause the great change of the capacitance of the fibrous working electrode 3 and realizing the recovery of energy.
The energy recovery device further comprises a counter electrode 4 and a lead 5, one end of the counter electrode 4 is connected to one end of the fibrous working electrode 3, and the other ends of the counter electrode 4 and the fibrous working electrode 3 are respectively led out through the lead 5.
The counter electrode 4 may be bucky paper made of single-walled carbon nanotubes. The energy recovery device further comprises a reference electrode 6 and an electrode shell 7, wherein one end of the reference electrode 6 is connected to one end of the fibrous working electrode 3, the other end of the reference electrode 6 is connected to the lead wire and can be used as a reference of the fibrous working electrode 3, and the fibrous working electrode 3, the counter electrode 4 and the reference electrode 6 are arranged in the electrode shell 7. In this embodiment, 3 grooves are formed in the electrode housing 7 and are used for fixing the fibrous working electrode 3, the counter electrode 4 and the reference electrode 6, and the fibrous working electrode 3, the counter electrode 4 and the reference electrode 6 are led out through wires respectively. The material of the electrode shell 7 is seawater corrosion resistant material, preferably polytetrafluoroethylene.
The energy recovery device also comprises a voltage detection assembly, and the fibrous working electrode 3, the counter electrode 4 and the reference electrode 6 are respectively connected to the voltage detection assembly for voltage detection after being led out by leads.
When the device works, the pressure of the fibrous working electrode is used for inducing capacitance change to convert mechanical energy generated by rotation of the rotating mechanism and stretching of the elastic stretching shell into electric energy by seawater flow, sea wave beating and the like, so that the real-time recovery of ocean wave energy is realized. After the fibrous working electrode is soaked by seawater, the surface of the fibrous working electrode adsorbs balance charges due to the difference of chemical potentials between the fibrous working electrode and the fibrous working electrode, which is the root of the electric signal generated by the energy recovery device. The seawater flow, the ocean flapping and the like cause the rotation mechanism to rotate to generate torsional force and tensile force generated by the elastic stretching shell to be transmitted to the fibrous working electrode, so that the density of the fibrous working electrode is changed, the electrochemical available area is reduced, the electric double layer capacitance of the fibrous working electrode is changed, the balance charge quantity of the electric double layer on the surface of the fibrous working electrode is kept unchanged, the charge position is changed, the energy recovery device generates potential change, the ocean wave energy is converted into electric energy, and the real-time recovery of the ocean wave energy is realized. The energy recovery device in the embodiment can detect the ocean wave change as low as 0.01Hz, and the energy recovery efficiency is 8-16.5%.
The fibrous working electrode in the application can be prepared by preparing a carbon nano tube film by a dry-method spinning method and then preparing carbon nano tube fibers by a dry-method spinning method.
In order to characterize the performance of the energy recovery device, the following performance tests were performed on the ocean energy recovery device:
referring to fig. 4A and 4B, the energy recovery device is connected to loads with different resistances, and voltage signals are collected and analyzed by an electrochemical workstation according to P ═ U 2 and/R, calculating to obtain the peak power generated by the energy recovery device. The peak power reaches a maximum, i.e., 3.75 μ W, when the load resistance value is 230 Ω.
Referring to fig. 5, the power output of each recovery period obtained by integrating the curves of the power change with time by the fibrous working electrode of the energy recovery device is 6.222J/kg.
Referring to fig. 6, under the impact of waves with different frequencies, the lower the wave beating frequency, i.e. the longer the beating period of a single wave, the slower the change of the electrochemically available surface area of the fibrous working electrode, the more sufficient the charge rearrangement on the surface of the fibrous working electrode material, and the more obvious the potential change, so the energy conversion efficiency of the fibrous working electrode is higher.
The application provides an energy recuperation device realizes the tensile and twist reverse to fibrous working electrode through the tensile casing of elasticity, this fibrous working electrode is obtained by the fibrous material preparation that can form the electric double layer structure, there is the clearance between the fibrous material, realize the change of the interior sea water yield of clearance and then change the available surface area of electrochemistry of fibrous material through tensile and twist reverse, and then make fibrous working electrode electric capacity change by a wide margin, the kinetic energy of seizure low frequency wave that can be very sensitive, can realize the ocean energy recuperation down to 0.01Hz, energy recuperation efficiency is up to 16.5%, wide application scope, the flexibility is good, but wide application in ocean wave energy's recovery.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A fibrous working electrode, characterized in that the fibrous working electrode comprises a fibrous working electrode (3), a counter electrode (4), a lead (5), a reference electrode (6) and an electrode shell (7), wherein a gap communicated with the outside exists in the fibrous working electrode (3), the gap is used for containing seawater, the fibrous working electrode (3) is made of a material forming an electric double layer structure in the seawater environment, the fibrous working electrode (3) is stretched or twisted to change the amount of seawater in the gap, so that the electrochemically available surface area of the fibrous working electrode (3) is changed, and the potential of the fibrous working electrode (3) is changed to generate current; one end of the counter electrode (4) is connected to one end of the fibrous working electrode (3), one end of the reference electrode (6) is connected to one end of the fibrous working electrode (3), the other end of the reference electrode (6) is connected with the lead, the fibrous working electrode (3), the counter electrode (4) and the reference electrode (6) are arranged in the electrode shell (7), and the other ends of the counter electrode (4) and the fibrous working electrode (3) are respectively led out through the lead (5);
the output power P of the fibrous working electrode (3) and the density of the fibrous working electrode (3)
The relationship between them is:
2. the fibrous working electrode according to claim 1, characterized in that the material of the fibrous working electrode (3) comprises carbon nanotubes or graphene or porous carbon.
3. The fibrous working electrode according to claim 1, characterized in that the fibrous working electrode (3) is prepared by a dry spinning process.
4. An ocean energy recovery device based on the fiber working electrode of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the energy recovery device comprises:
the elastic stretching shell (2), the elastic stretching shell (2) rotates or stretches under the action of external force;
one end of the fibrous working electrode (3) is connected to one end of the elastic stretching shell (2), and the elastic stretching shell (2) stretches or rotates to drive the fibrous working electrode (3) to stretch or twist so as to recover energy.
5. Marine energy recovery device according to claim 4, characterised in that the material of the elastic tension shell (2) is polyester rubber.
6. Marine energy recovery device according to claim 4, characterised in that the energy recovery device further comprises a rotation mechanism (1), wherein the rotation mechanism (1) is adapted to rotate under the influence of sea water, and is connected to the other end of the elastic tension housing (2).
7. Marine energy recovery device according to claim 6, characterised in that the counter electrode (4) comprises bucky paper made of single walled carbon nanotubes.
8. Marine energy recovery device according to claim 6, characterised in that the material of the rotation means (1) and the electrode housing (7) is Teflon.
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| CN202110311484.1A CN113098321B (en) | 2021-03-24 | 2021-03-24 | Fiber working electrode and ocean energy recovery device |
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4025436A1 (en) * | 1990-08-10 | 1992-02-13 | Siemens Ag | CONTACTING A PIEZOELECTRIC BENDING CONVERTER |
| CN102639756A (en) * | 2009-10-02 | 2012-08-15 | 纽卡斯尔创新有限公司 | Supercapacitor electrodes |
| JP6385619B1 (en) * | 2017-03-28 | 2018-09-05 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Water treatment apparatus, water treatment system, water treatment apparatus assembly method and water treatment method |
| KR102136490B1 (en) * | 2019-07-10 | 2020-07-21 | 이순선 | Apparatus for generating electricity using flow of sea water |
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2021
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4025436A1 (en) * | 1990-08-10 | 1992-02-13 | Siemens Ag | CONTACTING A PIEZOELECTRIC BENDING CONVERTER |
| CN102639756A (en) * | 2009-10-02 | 2012-08-15 | 纽卡斯尔创新有限公司 | Supercapacitor electrodes |
| JP6385619B1 (en) * | 2017-03-28 | 2018-09-05 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Water treatment apparatus, water treatment system, water treatment apparatus assembly method and water treatment method |
| KR102136490B1 (en) * | 2019-07-10 | 2020-07-21 | 이순선 | Apparatus for generating electricity using flow of sea water |
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