CN113098264A - Switch capacitor-differential switch power supply composite DC-DC converter - Google Patents
Switch capacitor-differential switch power supply composite DC-DC converter Download PDFInfo
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- CN113098264A CN113098264A CN202110384847.4A CN202110384847A CN113098264A CN 113098264 A CN113098264 A CN 113098264A CN 202110384847 A CN202110384847 A CN 202110384847A CN 113098264 A CN113098264 A CN 113098264A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/14—Arrangements for reducing ripples from dc input or output
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of power electronics and integrated circuit design, and discloses a switched capacitor-differential switch power supply composite DC-DC converter which comprises a power supply module, a front-end switched capacitor converter and a rear-end differential switch power supply converter, wherein the power supply module is connected with the front-end switched capacitor converter, the output end of the front-end switched capacitor converter is connected with the input end of the rear-end differential switch power supply converter, the front-end switched capacitor converter and the rear-end differential switch power supply converter are both provided with n paths of outputs, and n is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1. Compared with the prior art, the invention combines the switch capacitor and the switch power supply converter, and utilizes the SC converter to carry out the voltage primary regulation with high power density, thereby reducing the requirement of inductive elements; the differential structure of the DSMPS converter is utilized to further reduce the operating voltage of the inductive element, realize the variable voltage regulation ratio and convert the dynamic discrete voltage into continuous voltage-stabilizing output.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power electronics and integrated circuit design, in particular to a switched capacitor-differential switch power supply composite DC-DC converter.
Background
With the development of miniaturization and weight reduction of portable mobile devices, systems are continuously demanding higher power densities for power converters. The DC-DC power conversion from the battery to the load mainly adopts the technical paths including: low Drop Out (LDO), Switched Capacitor (SC), and Switched Mode Power Supply (SMPS) technologies. Compared with the LDO and SC technologies, the SMPS converter has better efficiency, ripple, dynamic response and voltage stabilization output capability, and is the first choice for high-quality electric energy conversion. In intel's fourth generation core processor, the integrated SMPS converter doubles the endurance of mobile PC products and extends the battery life by 50%. However, SMPS converters require large inductive energy storage elements to achieve high efficiency, low ripple power conversion, which typically occupy around 40% of the total system volume and weight. The large requirement of the inductive energy storage element of the SMPS converter is not favorable for the miniaturization and integration development of the DC-DC converter.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a switching capacitor-differential switching power supply composite DC-DC converter topological structure, wherein a switching capacitor and a switching power supply converter are combined, and an SC converter is used for carrying out high-power-density voltage primary regulation to reduce the requirements of inductive elements; the differential structure of the DSMPS converter is utilized to further reduce the operating voltage of the inductive element, realize the variable voltage regulation ratio and convert the dynamic discrete voltage into continuous voltage-stabilizing output.
The technical scheme is as follows: the invention provides a switched capacitor-differential switch power supply composite DC-DC converter which comprises a power supply module, a front-end switched capacitor converter and a rear-end differential switch power supply converter, wherein the power supply module is connected with the front-end switched capacitor converter, the output end of the front-end switched capacitor converter is connected with the input end of the rear-end differential switch power supply converter, the front-end switched capacitor converter and the rear-end differential switch power supply converter are respectively provided with n paths of outputs, and n is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1.
Further, the front-end switch capacitor converter comprises 2n-1 capacitors and 2n switches, and the output voltages of the capacitors and the switches are respectively Vbat/n，2Vbat/n，3Vbat/n，···，（n-1）Vbat/n，Vbat ，VbatIs the voltage output of the power module.
Further, the 2n switches are alternately turned on, and the duty ratios of the switches are all 50%.
Further, the rear differential switching power converter includes n differential SMPS, two input terminals of which are divided into a high voltage input and a low voltage input, and are respectively connected to two output terminals of the n-way output of the front switching capacitor converter, and a voltage difference of V is providedbat/n。
Further, the n differential SMPS of the rear-end differential switching power converter adopt synchronous rectification.
Further, the differential SMPS comprises a pair of MOSFETs and an inductor, the pair of MOSFETs are respectively a main power tube and an auxiliary tube, and the main power tube and the auxiliary tube are alternately conducted.
Has the advantages that:
1. the invention adopts the SC converter for voltage regulation at the front end instead of the traditional SMPS converter, thereby avoiding using huge inductive elements. Due to the large voltage and power levels of the front-end converter, if SMPS regulation is used, bulky inductive elements are required. And under the same energy storage, the power density of the capacitive element is 2-3 orders of magnitude higher than that of the inductive element. Thus, the front-end SC converter can achieve much higher power densities than the SMPS converter with equal efficiency.
2. Compared with the voltage regulation of a full SC converter, the invention adopts a DSMPS converter at the rear end of the composite topology, and can provide voltage-stabilized output. Although the SC converter can realize high-efficiency and high-power-density electric energy conversion, the output ripple is large, the dynamic response is poor, and the voltage regulation ratio is constant, and the variable battery voltage cannot be converted into a regulated voltage output.
3. The front-end SC converter of the present invention provides multiple outputs rather than the conventional single output, which effectively reduces the voltage regulation ratio of the back-end converter. In a conventional two-stage DC-DC converter, the intermediate bus is a single voltage rail (e.g., 5V), which requires a back-end converter to perform power conversion with a large voltage regulation ratio, thereby increasing the requirement of inductive components and reducing efficiency. For the new composite topology, the front-end SC converter provides multi-path output, more flexible bus voltage is provided for the rear-end converter, and the voltage regulation ratio of the rear-end converter can be greatly reduced, so that the requirements and efficiency of stress and energy storage elements are improved.
4. The back-end DSMPS converter adopts a differential structure, so that the inductance requirement and the voltage stress of a switching device are further reduced.
5. The invention can combine the advantages of the switch capacitor and the switch power supply technology, and has continuously adjustable output voltage, higher efficiency and lower voltage ripple; the requirement of the inductive element can be greatly reduced, thereby being beneficial to the miniaturization and integration of the system. The front-end switched capacitor circuit may be implemented using a Metal-insulator-Metal (MIM) capacitor. The power density of the on-chip capacitive element is 2-3 orders of magnitude higher than that of the inductive element, so that the overhead of an additional device brought by the capacitive element is small. Under certain input and output conditions, the back-end DSMPS converter can reduce 87% of current ripple in a steady state or reduce 87% of inductive element requirement under the same ripple. Thanks to the greatly reduced requirements of inductive elements, the back-end DSMPS converter is conveniently implemented using package-level or on-chip inductors, which facilitates the fully integrated development of the entire converter system.
Drawings
Fig. 1 shows a three-way output SC-DSMPS composite DC-DC converter topology according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
The invention provides a multi-output SC-DSMPS composite converter topology which can combine the advantages of a switched capacitor and a switched power supply converter: the SC converter is used for carrying out high-power-density voltage primary regulation, so that the requirement of an inductive element is reduced; the differential structure of the DSMPS converter is utilized to further reduce the operating voltage of the inductive element, realize the variable voltage regulation ratio and convert the dynamic discrete voltage into continuous voltage-stabilizing output. The following description specifically describes three outputs as an example, as follows:
under the power supply of a 6-10V storage battery, the topology of the composite DC-DC converter of the three-way output SC-DSMPS is shown in the attached figure 1. The front end adopts an SC converter for voltage regulation, and three paths of non-constant voltage outputs are provided, which are 1/3, 2/3 and 3/3 times of the voltage of the storage battery respectively; the rear end adopts 3 differential switching power converters which respectively provide regulated voltage outputs of 5V, 3.3V and 1.8V. The front-end SC converter comprises six switches and five capacitors, wherein S is1、S3、S5、S2、S4、S6Switch S1、S3、S5And S2、S4、S6Alternatively conducting, for improved transformation efficiency, switch S1、S3、S5And switch S2、S4、S6Are all 50%. When the circuit is in steady state, the voltage on each capacitor is Vbat/3. Although the front-end SC converters have a large number of switches, these switches have a low volt-ampere count and thus do not occupy excessive chip resources.
The back-end differential switching power converter comprises 3 differential SMPS, which all adopt synchronous rectification buck converters. Compared with the traditional buck converter, the synchronous rectification technology uses the MOSFET to replace the traditional diode, thereby avoiding the high conduction loss of the diode. Each differential SMPS of a back-end differential switching power converter comprises a pair of MOSFETs and an inductor, see fig. 1. The pair of MOSFETs is divided into a main power tube and an auxiliary tube, and the main power tube and the auxiliary tube are alternately conducted to provide continuously adjustable step-down output. Meanwhile, the back-end DSMPS makes full use of a plurality of voltage rails output by the front-end SC converter to realize differential voltage input: the two input ends of the high-voltage input and the low-voltage input are divided into a high-voltage input and a low-voltage input, and the low-voltage input is not a ground wire but a lower voltage rail of the SC converter. Such a design may reduce the input voltage range, thereby further reducing the inductive element requirements.
The invention provides a multi-output SC-DSMPS composite DC-DC converter topology, and realizes organic integration of a switched capacitor and a switched power supply converter. The front-end SC converter provides voltage primary regulation and converts the voltage of the storage battery into multi-path dynamic bus voltage, so that the voltage stress and the requirement of an inductive element of the rear-end switching power supply converter are reduced; the rear-end switching power supply converter has a variable voltage regulation ratio, meets the conversion requirement of voltage-stabilized output, and simultaneously makes up the defects of the SC converter in ripple and dynamic response. The organically-fused multi-output SC-DSMPS composite converter topology combines the advantages of two DC-DC conversion technologies, and reduces the requirements of inductive elements and the system volume under the condition of meeting multi-path voltage stabilization output.
The new topology has significant advantages in terms of efficiency, power density, voltage regulation, ripple, and stress. Take a 3.3V output differential SMPS as an example: when the voltage of the storage battery is 9V, the front-end SC converter provides buses of 3V and 6V, so that the input voltage of the rear-end DSMPS converter is changed from 0-9V to 3-6V, and the voltage stress is reduced.
Setting the inductance value of the inductor as L and the switching period as T, wherein the main inductance of the non-differential buck converter meets volt-second balance; under the conditions of 0-9V input and 3.3V output, the duty ratio d meets the following requirements: 9d = 3.3. The current ripple is then: v. ofout(1-d) T/L =3.3(1-3.3/9) T/L = 2.09T/L. Under the same inductance value and switching period, the differential design DSMPS also meets the volt-second balance; at 3-6V input and 3.3V output, the duty ratio d of the main switch satisfies (6-3.3) d = (3.3-3) (1-d), and d =0.1 is obtained, so the inductor current ripple is: (6-3.3) × 0.1T/L = 0.27T/L. It can be seen that the back-end DSMPS converter can reduce the current ripple of (2.09-0.27)/2.09=87% in the steady state, or reduce the inductive element requirement of 87% with the same ripple, which is more beneficial to the miniaturization of the inductor.
In terms of circuit implementation, although the composite converter has a large number of devices, the current stress of each device is small, and the current stress does not occupy an excessive chip area. The power capacitor in the front-end SC converter can be realized by adopting an on-chip MIM capacitor with high integration level, and the integration level of 2-3 orders of magnitude can be improved under the same energy storage condition compared with a power inductor. Meanwhile, due to the greatly reduced requirements of inductive elements, the rear-end DSMPS converter is conveniently realized by adopting a packaging level or an on-chip inductor, and the full integration development of the whole converter system is facilitated. The new topology will promote the full integration of Power systems, driving the application of Power Supply on Chip (pwsoc) and Package Power Supply In Package (PSiP).
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical concepts and features of the present invention, and the purpose of the embodiments is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present invention and implement the present invention, and not to limit the protection scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The composite DC-DC converter is characterized by comprising a power module, a front-end switch capacitor converter and a rear-end differential switch power converter, wherein the power module is connected with the front-end switch capacitor converter, the output end of the front-end switch capacitor converter is connected with the input end of the rear-end differential switch power converter, the front-end switch capacitor converter and the rear-end differential switch power converter are respectively provided with n paths of outputs, and n is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1.
2. The C-D converter according to claim 1, wherein the front-end switch capacitor converter comprises 2n-1 capacitors and 2n switches, and the output voltages are Vbat/n，2Vbat/n，3Vbat/n，···，（n-1）Vbat/n，Vbat，VbatIs the voltage output of the power module.
3. The composite switched capacitor-differential switching power supply DC-DC converter according to claim 2, wherein the 2n switches are alternately turned on, and the duty ratios of the switches are all 50%.
4. A switched capacitor-differential switching power supply hybrid DC-DC converter according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the back-end differential power-offThe source converter comprises n differential SMPS with two input ends divided into high-voltage input and low-voltage input and respectively connected with two output ends of n-way output of the front-end switch capacitor converter, and the voltage difference is Vbat/n。
5. The switched capacitor-differential switching power supply composite DC-DC converter according to claim 4, wherein n differential SMPS of the back-end differential switching power supply converter all adopt synchronous rectification.
6. The SMPS-DC converter according to claim 5, wherein the differential SMPS comprises a pair of MOSFETs and an inductor, the MOSFETs are a main power transistor and an auxiliary power transistor, and the main power transistor and the auxiliary power transistor are alternately turned on.
7. The hybrid switched capacitor-differential switching power supply DC-DC converter according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the power module is a storage battery.
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Citations (7)
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| US6198645B1 (en) * | 1998-07-02 | 2001-03-06 | National Semiconductor Corporation | Buck and boost switched capacitor gain stage with optional shared rest state |
| CN103580501A (en) * | 2013-11-08 | 2014-02-12 | 中国计量学院 | Switched switch capacitor type AC-AC converter with fixed transformation ratio of 1/4 or 4 |
| CN104079181A (en) * | 2013-03-26 | 2014-10-01 | 中国计量学院 | Realization method of fixed transformation ratio switching capacitor AC/AC (Alternating Current/Alternating Current) converter |
| CN104410271A (en) * | 2014-12-17 | 2015-03-11 | 南京航空航天大学 | Multiphase interleaving technology for five-conversion-ratio charge pump by using three flying capacitors |
| CN105308844A (en) * | 2013-09-19 | 2016-02-03 | 皇家飞利浦有限公司 | Compact power conversion device with continuous output regulation range |
| CN108539981A (en) * | 2018-06-04 | 2018-09-14 | 南京矽力杰半导体技术有限公司 | DC-to-DC converter |
| CN110380611A (en) * | 2018-04-12 | 2019-10-25 | 瑞萨电子美国有限公司 | It is reduced using acoustic noise of the Frequency-variable Modulation in DC-DC converter |
-
2021
- 2021-04-09 CN CN202110384847.4A patent/CN113098264A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6198645B1 (en) * | 1998-07-02 | 2001-03-06 | National Semiconductor Corporation | Buck and boost switched capacitor gain stage with optional shared rest state |
| CN104079181A (en) * | 2013-03-26 | 2014-10-01 | 中国计量学院 | Realization method of fixed transformation ratio switching capacitor AC/AC (Alternating Current/Alternating Current) converter |
| CN105308844A (en) * | 2013-09-19 | 2016-02-03 | 皇家飞利浦有限公司 | Compact power conversion device with continuous output regulation range |
| CN103580501A (en) * | 2013-11-08 | 2014-02-12 | 中国计量学院 | Switched switch capacitor type AC-AC converter with fixed transformation ratio of 1/4 or 4 |
| CN104410271A (en) * | 2014-12-17 | 2015-03-11 | 南京航空航天大学 | Multiphase interleaving technology for five-conversion-ratio charge pump by using three flying capacitors |
| CN110380611A (en) * | 2018-04-12 | 2019-10-25 | 瑞萨电子美国有限公司 | It is reduced using acoustic noise of the Frequency-variable Modulation in DC-DC converter |
| CN108539981A (en) * | 2018-06-04 | 2018-09-14 | 南京矽力杰半导体技术有限公司 | DC-to-DC converter |
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Application publication date: 20210709 |