CN113097700A - Full-polarization antenna with fully-covered upper hemispherical surface - Google Patents
Full-polarization antenna with fully-covered upper hemispherical surface Download PDFInfo
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- CN113097700A CN113097700A CN202110367051.8A CN202110367051A CN113097700A CN 113097700 A CN113097700 A CN 113097700A CN 202110367051 A CN202110367051 A CN 202110367051A CN 113097700 A CN113097700 A CN 113097700A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/42—Housings not intimately mechanically associated with radiating elements, e.g. radome
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
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Abstract
The invention relates to a full-polarization antenna for covering an upper hemispherical airspace, and belongs to the technical field of antennas. The structure of the antenna comprises a microstrip antenna, a dipole ring antenna, a monopole oscillator antenna, an antenna housing, a metal bottom plate and the like. The microstrip antenna comprises two layers of microstrip circuit boards and two groups of signal connectors, wherein the two layers of microstrip circuit boards are orthogonally arranged, and square metal patterns are etched on the upper surfaces of the two layers of microstrip circuit boards. The dipole ring antenna comprises a microstrip circuit board, a feed coaxial line and a feed signal connector, wherein swastika-shaped metal patterns are etched on the front side and the back side of the microstrip circuit board. The monopole element antenna comprises a hollow copper column, a feed microstrip circuit board and a feed signal joint. The polarization full coverage of the upper hemispherical surface space in the zenith direction and the horizontal direction can be realized, and great significance is brought to the improvement of the channel capacity and the transmission rate of a communication system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a full-polarization antenna for covering an upper semi-sphere airspace, which is suitable for receiving upper semi-airspace multi-polarization channel information and belongs to the technical field of antennas.
Background
With the rapid development of wireless communication technology, the traditional channel diversity modes such as frequency domain, time domain and code domain have been widely applied in the fields of mobile communication, satellite communication, etc. Under the environment of limited electromagnetic spectrum resources, the polarization diversity technology has great significance for further improving the channel capacity and the transmission rate of a communication system. The dual-polarized antenna only supports the polarization coverage requirement in a limited direction, and is difficult to apply to wide-angle-domain polarization diversity communication application. A triple polarized antenna fails to provide polarized coverage of the gain coverage area while providing signal coverage for airspace outside of the defined direction.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a full-polarization antenna with an upper hemispherical surface in a full-coverage mode, aiming at the current situation that the existing triple-polarization antenna mode cannot realize full-polarization coverage in a gain coverage area. The antenna divides the upper hemispherical surface into a zenith direction and a horizontal direction, and covers two orthogonal polarizations in two airspace parts so as to realize the full coverage of the upper hemispherical surface polarization.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the full-polarization antenna with the fully-covered upper hemispherical surface comprises a microstrip antenna 1, a dipole ring antenna 2, a monopole oscillator antenna 3, an antenna housing 4, a metal bottom plate 5 and the like;
the microstrip antenna 1 comprises two layers of microstrip circuit boards and two groups of signal connectors, wherein the two layers of microstrip circuit boards are orthogonally arranged, square metal patterns are etched on the upper surfaces of the two layers of microstrip circuit boards, the signal connectors are connected to the square metal patterns on the microstrip board at the bottom layer, and the connectors are respectively defined as an X port and a Y port;
the dipole loop antenna 2 comprises a top layer microstrip circuit board, a feeding coaxial line and a feeding signal connector, wherein swastika-shaped metal patterns are etched on the front side and the back side of the microstrip circuit board, the coaxial line extending out from the center of the monopole oscillator antenna feeds electricity, the feeding position is located at the center of the metal patterns, and the feeding signal connector is defined as an H port;
the monopole element antenna 3 comprises a hollow copper column, a feed microstrip circuit board and a feed signal joint, wherein the hollow part is used for passing through a feed coaxial line of the dipole ring antenna 2, the feed microstrip circuit board is positioned above the metal bottom plate 5 and feeds the monopole element antenna 3 through a one-to-two feed network, and the feed signal joint is defined as a V port;
the antenna housing 4 comprises a nylon medium frame and a threaded hole required for fixing, is fixedly connected with the dipole ring antenna 2 and the metal bottom plate 5 through screws, and is used for supporting the whole antenna and providing structural stability;
the metal bottom plate 5 is made of aluminum alloy materials, the outer surface of the metal bottom plate is subjected to primary color conductive oxidation treatment, a better protection effect is achieved, and the metal bottom plate is used for bearing feed joints of the microstrip antenna 1, the monopole oscillator antenna 3 and the dipole ring antenna 2 and realizing grounding of the antenna;
the installation process of the full-polarization antenna with the upper hemispherical surface fully covered is as follows:
a monopole oscillator antenna 3 feed network circuit board is arranged on the metal floor 5, four corners are fixed by metal screws, feed joints of the microstrip antennas 1 and the monopole oscillator antennas 3 are fixed at the bottom of the metal floor by the metal screws, the monopole oscillator antennas 3 are welded with the feed network, then the microstrip antenna 1 is arranged above the feed network circuit board of the monopole oscillator antenna 3, the central through hole passes through the monopole oscillator antenna 3, the two layers of microstrip antennas 1 are elevated by the medium columns at four corners, the feeding coaxial line of the dipole ring antenna 2 passes through the center of the hollow copper column of the monopole element antenna 3, the feeding coaxial line inner conductor is welded with an upper layer pattern of the dipole ring antenna 2, the outer conductor is welded with a lower layer pattern of the dipole ring antenna 2, and the antenna housing 5 is connected with the metal floor 4 and the dipole antenna 2 through metal screws;
the microstrip antenna 1 radiates dual-polarized electromagnetic waves and is used for realizing the coverage of two orthogonal polarizations in the zenith direction;
the dipole ring antenna 2 radiates electromagnetic waves horizontally polarized in a horizontal omnidirectional manner, and is used for realizing horizontal polarization coverage in the horizontal direction;
the monopole element antenna 3 radiates electromagnetic waves with horizontal omnidirectional vertical polarization and is used for realizing the coverage of vertical polarization in the horizontal direction;
the working process of the full-polarization antenna with the upper hemispherical surface fully covered comprises the following steps:
the fully-polarized antenna with the fully-covered upper hemispherical surface is connected with a transmitting system, radio frequency signals are fed into feed ports of the antennas, electromagnetic waves with different polarizations are transmitted through the three antennas, and the transmission of electromagnetic wave signals with any polarization on the upper hemispherical surface is realized; the fully-polarized antenna with the fully-covered upper hemispherical surface is connected with a receiving system, electromagnetic waves with different polarizations from the upper hemispherical surface space are received through the three antennas, signals are transmitted to the receiving system through the feed ports of the antennas, and the receiving of electromagnetic wave signals with different polarizations is realized.
The working frequency bands of the microstrip antenna 1, the dipole ring antenna 2 and the monopole element antenna 3 are all located in an S wave band.
Advantageous effects
Compared with the existing triple-polarized antenna, the upper hemispherical full-coverage full-polarized antenna has the following beneficial effects;
1. the coverage angle is large, and the full-polarization radiation of any angle of the upper hemispherical surface is realized;
2. the number of ports is large, multi-port coverage is formed in a partial airspace, and an antenna directional diagram can be reconstructed;
3. the reconstructed directional diagram function can be used to reduce array sidelobes for a particular angle;
4. can synthesize any angle and any polarization radiation on the upper hemispherical surface;
5. the polarization of the electromagnetic wave of unknown polarization of the upper hemisphere can be restored.
Drawings
FIG. 1 illustrates the upper half-space spatial domain partitioning of a fully polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a fully polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a fully polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which fig. 3(a) is a schematic diagram of a dipole-loop antenna, fig. 3(b) is a schematic diagram of a microstrip antenna, and fig. 3(c) is a schematic diagram of a monopole antenna;
FIG. 4 is a return loss curve for a fully polarized antenna of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a port isolation curve for a fully polarized antenna of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a main polarization cross polarization normalized directional diagram for a fully polarized antenna X port of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a fully polarized antenna Y-port main polarization cross polarization normalized pattern of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a normalized H-port independent radiation pattern of a fully polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein FIG. 8(a) is
Fig. 8(b) is a normalized radiation pattern of θ ═ 90 °;
FIG. 9 is a V-port independent radiation normalized directional diagram of a fully polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein FIG. 9(a) shows
Fig. 9(b) is a normalized radiation pattern of θ ═ 90 °;
Detailed Description
For better illustrating the objects and advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Examples
The structure of this embodiment is shown in fig. 2. The antenna comprises a microstrip antenna 1, a dipole ring antenna 2, a monopole element antenna 3, an antenna housing 4, a metal bottom plate 5 and the like;
the microstrip antenna 1 comprises two layers of microstrip circuit boards and two groups of signal connectors, wherein the two layers of microstrip circuit boards are orthogonally arranged, and square metal patterns are etched on the upper surfaces of the two layers of microstrip circuit boards. Two-layer microstrip circuit board relies on the medium post in four corners to carry out the air and sets up high, and the air layer thickness is 2mm, and two-layer medium substrate size is 50mm x 2mm, and the square paster side length of lower floor is 32mm, and the square paster side length of upper strata is 36 mm. The signal connector is connected to a square metal pattern on the bottom microstrip plate, and the connectors are respectively defined as an X port and a Y port;
the dipole ring antenna 2 comprises a top layer microstrip circuit board, a feeding coaxial line and a feeding signal connector, the size of the microstrip circuit board is 62mm multiplied by 1mm, swastika-shaped metal patterns are etched on the front side and the back side of the microstrip circuit board, the feeding position is located in the center of the metal pattern, a coaxial line inner conductor extending out from the center of the monopole oscillator antenna 3 is welded to the center of the upper surface of the pattern, a coaxial line outer conductor is welded with the center of the lower surface of the pattern for feeding, four metal feeder lines are connected with a radiation arm of the dipole ring antenna 2 through a cross-shaped first divider with the width of 0.8mm, and the tail end of each feeder line;
the monopole element antenna 3 comprises a hollow copper column, a feed microstrip circuit board and a feed signal joint. The outer diameter of the hollow copper cylinder is 7mm, the height of the hollow copper cylinder is 32mm, and the hollow part is used for feeding coaxial lines through the dipole ring antenna 2. The feed microstrip circuit board is positioned above the metal bottom plate 5 and feeds the monopole element antenna 3 through a one-to-two feed network;
the antenna cover 4 in the full-polarization antenna with the upper hemispherical surface fully covered comprises a nylon medium frame and a threaded hole required for fixing, is connected with the dipole ring antenna 2 and the metal bottom plate 5 through screws and is used for supporting the whole antenna;
the metal bottom plate 5 is made of aluminum alloy materials, the outer surface of the metal bottom plate is subjected to primary color conductive oxidation treatment, a better protection effect is achieved, and the metal bottom plate is used for bearing feed joints of the microstrip antenna 1, the monopole oscillator antenna 3 and the dipole ring antenna 2 and realizing grounding of the antenna;
the overall dimensions of this embodiment are 62mm × 62mm × 42 mm.
Fig. 4 shows the test result of the return loss of this embodiment, and the operating band of the X port covers 2.33-2.50GHz, and the relative bandwidth is 7.1%. The Y port working frequency band covers 2.34-2.51GHz, and the relative bandwidth is 7.1%. The H port working frequency band covers 2.35-2.54GHz, the relative bandwidth is 7.9%, the V port working frequency band covers 2.36-2.46GHz, and the relative bandwidth is 4.2%.
FIG. 5 shows the test result of the port isolation of this embodiment, and the mutual coupling between the ports is smaller than-23 dB in the frequency band of 2.2-2.6 GHz.
The antenna manufactured in this example was tested in a dark room, and the actual measurement results are shown in fig. 6 to 9. It can be seen that the cross-polarization is below-20.8 dB when the X-port is energized. Cross polarization is below-21.5 dB when port Y is excited. When the H port is excited, the cross polarization is lower than-22.8 dB. Cross polarization is below-14.3 dB when port V is excited.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications within the scope of the claims of the present invention should be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a full polarization antenna of upper hemisphere face full coverage which characterized in that: the full-polarization antenna comprises a microstrip antenna 1, a dipole ring antenna 2, a monopole element antenna 3, an antenna housing 4, a metal bottom plate 5 and the like.
The microstrip antenna 1 comprises two layers of microstrip circuit boards and two groups of signal connectors, wherein the two layers of microstrip circuit boards are orthogonally arranged, square metal patterns are etched on the upper surfaces of the two layers of microstrip circuit boards, the signal connectors are connected to the square metal patterns on the microstrip board at the bottom layer, and the connectors are respectively defined as an X port and a Y port.
The dipole loop antenna 2 comprises a top layer microstrip circuit board, a feeding coaxial line and a feeding signal connector, wherein swastika-shaped metal patterns are etched on the front side and the back side of the microstrip circuit board, the coaxial line extending out of the center of the monopole oscillator antenna feeds electricity, the feeding position is located at the center of the metal patterns, and the feeding signal connector is defined as an H port.
The monopole element antenna 3 comprises a hollow copper column, a feed microstrip circuit board and a feed signal joint, the hollow part is used for passing through a feed coaxial line of the dipole ring antenna 2, the feed microstrip circuit board is positioned above the metal bottom plate 5 and feeds the monopole element antenna 3 through a one-to-two feed network, and the feed signal joint is defined as a V port.
The antenna housing 4 comprises a nylon medium frame and a threaded hole required for fixing, the dipole ring antenna 2 and the metal bottom plate 5 are connected and fixed through screws, and the antenna housing is used for supporting the whole antenna and providing structural stability.
The metal bottom plate 5 is made of aluminum alloy materials, the outer surface of the metal bottom plate is subjected to primary color conductive oxidation treatment, a better protection effect is achieved, and the metal bottom plate is used for bearing feed joints of the microstrip antenna 1, the monopole oscillator antenna 3 and the dipole ring antenna 2 and achieving grounding of the antenna.
2. The upper hemispherical full-coverage full-polarization antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the microstrip antenna 1 radiates dual-polarized electromagnetic waves and is used for realizing coverage of two orthogonal polarizations in the zenith direction.
3. The upper hemispherical full-coverage full-polarization antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the dipole ring antenna 2 radiates electromagnetic waves horizontally polarized in a horizontal omnidirectional manner, and is used for realizing horizontal-polarization coverage in the horizontal direction.
4. The upper hemispherical full-coverage full-polarization antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the monopole element antenna 3 radiates electromagnetic waves with horizontal omnidirectional vertical polarization and is used for realizing the coverage of horizontal vertical polarization.
5. The upper hemispherical full-coverage full-polarization antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the working frequency bands of the microstrip antenna 1, the dipole ring antenna 2 and the monopole element antenna 3 are all located in an S wave band.
6. The upper hemispherical full-coverage full-polarization antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the full-polarization antenna with the upper hemispherical surface fully covered realizes the transmission and the reception of electromagnetic wave signals with any polarization on the upper hemispherical surface through the matching work of the microstrip antenna 1, the dipole ring antenna 2 and the monopole oscillator antenna 3.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110367051.8A CN113097700A (en) | 2021-04-06 | 2021-04-06 | Full-polarization antenna with fully-covered upper hemispherical surface |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110367051.8A CN113097700A (en) | 2021-04-06 | 2021-04-06 | Full-polarization antenna with fully-covered upper hemispherical surface |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN113097700A true CN113097700A (en) | 2021-07-09 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110367051.8A Pending CN113097700A (en) | 2021-04-06 | 2021-04-06 | Full-polarization antenna with fully-covered upper hemispherical surface |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN113097700A (en) |
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2021
- 2021-04-06 CN CN202110367051.8A patent/CN113097700A/en active Pending
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