CN113095615A - Comprehensive evaluation method for operation flexibility of thermal power generating unit under large-scale new energy grid-connected condition - Google Patents
Comprehensive evaluation method for operation flexibility of thermal power generating unit under large-scale new energy grid-connected condition Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a comprehensive evaluation method for the operation flexibility of a thermal power generating unit under a large-scale new energy grid-connected condition. Firstly, the flexibility measurement index when the flexibility resource is the thermal power generating unit is considered. Secondly, taking wind power integration as an example, and constructing a system flexibility index model by taking the maximum variation of the output of the wind power plant which can be borne by the power system as a target. Secondly, constructing a system flexibility cost model by analyzing the flexibility operation cost of the thermal power generating unit and the wind power generating unit; secondly, comprehensively considering economic and flexibility indexes to construct a comprehensive evaluation system taking the minimum annual comprehensive cost as an optimization target, adding a flexibility margin constraint condition, and constructing a thermal power unit flexibility operation comprehensive evaluation model; and finally, solving the model in the step five by using a nonlinear solver CasADi. The method comprehensively considers the problems of comprehensive cost and flexibility indexes in the flexible operation of the thermal power generating unit, and provides good conditions for promoting new energy consumption.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of flexibility and economic operation of thermal power units, in particular to a comprehensive evaluation method for the flexibility of operation of thermal power units.
Background
With the continuous promotion of energy transformation strategy in China, new energy presents a continuous and rapid development situation. However, as the new energy has the characteristics of randomness, fluctuation and intermittence in power generation output, the problem of new energy consumption generated therewith cannot be ignored. The power generation installation in China mainly takes coal electricity, the occupation ratio of the power installation is less than 6% by flexibly adjusting the power supply such as pumped storage, gas power generation and the like, and the flexible adjusting capability is inherently insufficient. Therefore, the flexible operation of the thermal power generating unit is a practical choice for improving the adjusting capacity of the power system and solving the problem of new energy consumption.
Insufficient peak regulation capacity and slow load response speed are two key factors which restrict the operation flexibility of the thermal power generating unit. At present, the researchers look at deep peak regulation and rapid load response lifting, and study the flexible operation strategy and the transformation scheme of the thermal power generating unit from the theoretical and technical level. However, in order to continuously and deeply promote the flexible operation work of the thermal power generating unit, it is important to analyze and calculate the cost of the thermal power generating unit when participating in peak shaving and consider the corresponding flexible scheduling problem. Therefore, how to reasonably solve the comprehensive evaluation problem of the operation flexibility of the thermal power generating unit under the new energy grid-connected condition has extremely important practical significance for promoting the vigorous development of the renewable energy industry and promoting the energy revolution.
At present, flexibility evaluation indexes and evaluation methods under the condition of large-scale new energy grid connection are mostly based on the aspect of operation and scheduling of a power system, and the provided indexes are insufficient for considering the flexibility of a thermal power generating unit; even if a few methods start from the system operation cost and establish an evaluation model for the operation flexibility of the thermal power generating unit, the randomness of the output of new energy and other costs are still not fully considered, so that the flexible operation condition of the thermal power generating unit cannot be comprehensively and accurately reflected. In conclusion, establishing a comprehensive evaluation model of the operation flexibility of the thermal power generating unit which can give consideration to both flexibility and economy is important for more comprehensively and accurately evaluating the operation condition of the flexibility. The effective comprehensive evaluation method for the operation flexibility of the thermal power generating unit can further reduce the operation cost, optimize the thermal power operation, ensure the flexibility supply and demand matching and promote the consumption of new energy.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects existing in the operation flexibility evaluation of the existing thermal power generating unit under the condition of considering both flexibility and economy, and designs a comprehensive evaluation method for the operation flexibility of the thermal power generating unit under the condition of large-scale new energy grid connection so as to optimize the flexibility operation process and realize larger-scale new energy consumption of a power grid.
Wind power integration
In order to achieve the above purpose, the specific technical scheme is as follows:
the invention provides a comprehensive evaluation method for the operation flexibility of a thermal power generating unit under a large-scale new energy grid-connected condition, which comprises the following steps of:
s1: constructing a flexibility margin index based on the selected flexibility resources;
s2: establishing a flexibility index model under the large-scale new energy grid connection;
s3: establishing a flexible cost model under the large-scale new energy networking;
s4: constructing a target function of a comprehensive evaluation model for the operation flexibility of the thermal power generating unit;
s5: integrating flexible operation constraint conditions of the thermal power generating unit and finally establishing a comprehensive evaluation model;
s6: and solving the established thermal power generating unit operation flexibility comprehensive evaluation model.
The generalized electric power system flexibility resources exist in different forms on four sides of a source, a grid, a load and a storage of an energy supply and demand system, wherein the source is a power supply side, the grid is an electric power transmission side, the load is an electric power demand side, and the storage is an electric power storage side, and mainly comprise a power supply side adjustable unit, a transmission side coordinated dispatching, a demand side controllable load, a storage side energy storage device and the like, and based on the fact, the step S1: the construction of the flexibility margin index based on the selected flexibility resources can be embodied as follows:
s1.1: in view of the flexibility directionality, the invention focuses on the random change of the up-regulation flexibility and the down-regulation flexibility provided by the adjustable thermal power unit to cope with the load power and ensures the safe and stable operation of the power system in consideration of the current domestic leading position of thermal power and the popularization of the demand side response technology and the large-scale energy storage technology which do not meet the requirements yet.
S1.2: for example, the flexibility of the system is adjusted, and the flexibility requirement n (t) at the time t is composed of predicted load power climbing from the time t to t +1, actual power error and predicted power error at the time t:
N(t)＝[Pc(t+1)-Pc(t)]+[Pcs(t)-Pc(t)] (1)
when N (t) is greater than 0, the system generates the demand of up-regulation flexibility, and when N (t) is less than 0, the system generates the demand of down-regulation flexibility; pc(t) is the predicted net load value at time t; pcs(t) is the actual value of the load at time t; pc(t +1) is the predicted value of the load at the time t +1, and can be determined according to the actual value P of the load at the time tcs(t) is estimated by an interpolation function, Pc(t+1)＝f(Pcs(t))。
Based on the analysis, the difference between the system flexibility supply and demand is used for constructing an up-regulation and down-regulation flexibility margin index of the system to represent the matching condition of the system flexibility supply and demand.
When Y isup(t)≥0、Ydown(t) is not less than 0, the system flexibility is abundant; if less than 0, it represents insufficient flexibility. Sup(t) flexible provision at time t; sdown(t) lower flexibility supply for time t; by Delta Yup(t)、ΔYdown(t) represents an index of insufficient flexibility of up-regulation and down-regulation; delta Ydown(t) > 0 indicates that the system has the risk of wind and light abandonment.
In the comprehensive evaluation method for the operation flexibility of the thermal power generating unit under the large-scale new energy grid-connected condition, the step S2 is: the establishment of the flexibility index model under the large-scale new energy grid connection can be embodied as follows:
s2.1: the flexibility index is intended to measure the ability of the power system to cope with uncertainty factors. Therefore, the maximum mutation capacity of the new energy which can be borne by the system can be used as a flexibility evaluation index. According to the invention, wind power integration is taken as an example, and two directions of sudden reduction and sudden increase of the output of the wind power plant, namely the up-regulation flexibility and the down-regulation flexibility, need to be evaluated respectively. The objective function is shown as follows:
in the above formula,. DELTA.PwiThe output change of the wind power field i in the region, and n is the number of the wind power fields in the region. The defined target is the maximum variation of the wind power plant output which can be borne by the power system, so that the target function is maximized, and the system flexibility is better.
If other new energy sources are researched, the output of the other new energy sources is replaced by the output change of the other new energy sources in the same way.
S2.2: the constraint conditions of the flexibility index model are divided into general constraints and flexibility resource constraints, wherein the first type of constraints are traditional constraints which must be considered in index calculation; the second type of constraint is a selective constraint, and the corresponding constraint is selected according to the flexible resource responding to the requirement.
S2.2.1: the first class of constraint generic constraints mainly includes node power balance constraints and wind farm power variation constraints.
S2.2.1.1: node power balance constraints
For non-wind power nodes, the power balance equation is:
in the formula, Pl、PnlRespectively the active power and the active load of the node l; ql、QnlRespectively the reactive power and the reactive load of the node l; vlIs the voltage of node l; glj、Blj、θljRespectively, conductance, susceptance, and phase angle difference between nodes l and j.
For a wind power node, the power balance equation is:
in the formula,. DELTA.Pwk、ΔQwkThe active change and the reactive change of the wind power of the node k are respectively.
S2.2.1.2: wind farm power change constraints
The wind power integration needs to meet the national standard, so the maximum output change of the wind power plant is limited within the national standard:
|ΔPwi|≤|ΔPGB| (7)
in the formula,. DELTA.PGBThe wind power maximum power change value is regulated for national standards.
S2.2.2: the second type of constraint flexibility resource constraint mainly considers time scale and thermal power unit constraint.
S2.2.2.1: time scale
Considering that the uncertainty duration is usually short and the time scale should not be too large, for the convenience of flexible research, the time scale is set to a fixed value:
Δt＝{1min,10min,15min,30min} (8)
s2.2.2.2: thermal power generating unit constraint
Under the condition that a thermal power unit is selected as a flexible resource, time scale, upper and lower output limit constraints and unit climbing rate constraints are integrated, and active output constraints of the thermal power unit are as follows:
max{PTG,min,PTG,t-rTdown*Δt}≤PTG≤min{PTG,max,PTG,t+rTup*Δt} (9)
in the formula, PTGRepresenting the output of the thermal power generating unit; pTG,t、PTG,max、PTG,minRespectively representing the current output of the thermal power generating unit and the upper limit and the lower limit of the output of the thermal power generating unit; r isTup、rTdownRespectively representing the upward and downward climbing rates of the thermal power generating unit.
S2.3: with the objective function and constraints, the mathematical model of the system flexibility index model can be described as:
in the comprehensive evaluation method for the operation flexibility of the thermal power generating unit under the large-scale new energy grid-connected condition, the step S3 is: the establishment of the flexible cost model under the large-scale new energy networking can be embodied as follows:
s3.1: thermal power generating unit flexibility cost
The process of responding to the flexibility requirement of the thermal power generating unit is divided into two stages: the method comprises a response stage and an operation stage, wherein the response stage refers to a stage of output adjustment change until the output reaches a stable state, and the operation stage refers to a stage after the output is stable until the flexibility requirement is finished.
S3.1.1: cost of response
The shaded area in the schematic diagram of the unit quick response flexibility requirement represents the work delta W which is more done when the thermal power unit adjusts the output, and the multiplication of the work and the unit cost is the quick response cost C of the unitF。P0Is the current value of the unit output, P1For the set-out stabilized force value, rmax、rminMaximum and minimum ramp rates, t, respectively1、t2For the adjustment time at the maximum and minimum ramp rates.
In the formula, e is unit cost; delta PTG＝P1-P0The output increment of the unit is obtained; r isnDesired ramp rate for flexibility requirements, rn≤rmax(ii) a r is the suitable climbing speed of the unit, and r is more than or equal to rmin。
S3.1.2: running cost
Operating cost C generated when thermal power generating unit stably outputs powerVThe occupied proportion is large, and the stable output value P is usually adjusted by the output of the unit1Is expressed as:
CV＝(aP1 2+bP1+c)*tV＝[a(P0+ΔPTG)2+b(P0+ΔPTG)+c]*tV (13)
in the formula, tVFor the operation stage time, a, b and c are power generation cost coefficients.
S3.2: wind turbine generator flexibility cost
The output adjustment of the wind turbine generator is completed within a few seconds, so the flexibility of the wind turbine generator mainly considers the operation cost, and the response cost can be included in the punishment item in the operation cost. The operating cost of wind power can be divided into two parts, one part is the payment cost C for maintaining the wind power outputWPThe other part is the handling cost C for calling wind powerWF。
Therefore, the resource calling total cost C of the wind power under the flexibility requirementWCan be expressed as:
CW＝CWP+CWF＝ΔPW*e2*tw+CWF (14)
in the formula, tWFor the wind power operating phase time, e2Is the power generation cost coefficient. And the wind power output change is limited by national standard: | Δ Pw|≤|ΔPGB|。
S3.3: with objective functions and constraints, the mathematical model of the system flexibility cost model can be described as:
in the comprehensive evaluation method for the operation flexibility of the thermal power generating unit under the large-scale new energy grid-connected condition, the step S4 is: the construction of the comprehensive evaluation model objective function for the operation flexibility of the thermal power generating unit can be embodied as follows:
in the comprehensive evaluation system, the annual comprehensive cost C is minimizedallTo optimize the objective. The annual comprehensive cost is mainly changed by the flexibility of the thermal power generating unitgAnnual flexibility operating cost CyPenalty cost C for lack of annual flexibilityrAnnual wind abandonment expense CqThe sum of the components:
minCall＝Cg+Cy+Cr+Cq (17)
in the formula IjInvestment annual cost for performing flexible transformation on the thermal power generating unit j; x is the number ofjThe variable is 0-1, if and only if the thermal power generating unit j is subjected to flexibility modification, the variable is 1, otherwise, the variable is 0; omega is a thermal power generating unit set; dyAnnual operating cost coefficient; d is the number of days in year; m is a wind power set considered by the model; t is an operation time period; pr(m) is the event probability;
the wind power is the wind power at the moment t;cw,qthe cost of wind abandonment is unit; c. Cup、cdownCost factors with insufficient flexibility are adjusted up and down.
In the comprehensive evaluation method for the operation flexibility of the thermal power generating unit under the large-scale new energy grid-connected condition, the step S5 is: the method comprises the following steps of integrating flexible operation constraint conditions of the thermal power generating unit and finally establishing a comprehensive evaluation model, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
s5.1: the constraint conditions of the comprehensive evaluation model for the operation flexibility of the thermal power generating unit comprise system power balance constraints and conventional constraints of the thermal power generating unit, wherein the system power balance constraints ensure that the generated power of each scene at each time interval meets the load requirements; the thermal power generating unit constraint comprises maximum and minimum output constraint and climbing constraint of the thermal power generating unit. The output constraint of the thermal power generating unit ensures that the output of the thermal power generating unit is within the minimum technical output and rated output interval; the ramp restriction of the thermal power generating unit ensures that the power difference between the front and the rear of the unit does not exceed the maximum ramp power of the unit.
S5.2: in addition to this, consider adding the following flexibility margin constraints:
and the system flexibility margin constraint ensures that the system flexibility supply and demand matching at each moment of each scene meets the confidence requirement.
In the formula, betaup(t)、βdown(t) is a given confidence level.
S5.3: through an objective function and a constraint condition, a mathematical model of the comprehensive evaluation model for the operation flexibility of the thermal power unit can be described as follows:
Fobj:minCall＝Cg+Cy+Crisk+Cq (23)
in the comprehensive evaluation method for the operation flexibility of the thermal power generating unit under the large-scale new energy grid-connected condition, the step S6 is: the solution of the established comprehensive evaluation model for the operation flexibility of the thermal power generating unit can be embodied as follows:
consider using a computational, open source tool, CasADi, for solving the optimization problem. Compared with the traditional algebraic language, the method has higher flexibility and compatibility when solving the optimal control problem, and is successfully applied to the fields of automobile industry, process industry, robot technology and the like in recent years.
And obtaining the optimal transformation strategy and related indexes through a solver.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method starts from the current situation of large-scale new energy grid connection at present, and considers the important role of the thermal power generating unit as a flexible resource on new energy consumption in the long run;
the invention considers the flexibility resource as the flexibility measurement index of the thermal power generating unit. Taking wind power integration as an example, constructing a system flexibility index model;
according to the method, a system flexibility cost model is constructed by analyzing the flexibility operation cost of the thermal power generating unit and the new energy generating unit by taking the thermal power generating unit and the new energy generating unit as examples;
the invention constructs a comprehensive evaluation system taking minimum annual comprehensive cost as an optimization target by comprehensively considering economic and flexibility indexes;
in the method, the flexibility margin constraint condition is added in addition to the system power balance constraint and the conventional constraint of the thermal power unit, and a thermal power unit operation flexibility comprehensive evaluation model is constructed;
according to the method, the flexibility cost model and the flexibility operation index model are comprehensively considered, and the reasonability and the accuracy of the comprehensive evaluation process of the flexibility of the operation of the thermal power generating unit are greatly enhanced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the flexible resource existence form drawn when the flexible resource is analyzed in step S1 according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the quick response of the thermal power generating unit, which is drawn when the response cost of the thermal power generating unit is analyzed in step S3.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a composition structure of a comprehensive economic optimal objective function of the comprehensive evaluation constructed by the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the constraint composition of the comprehensive evaluation constructed by the present invention.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention are further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating the existence form of the flexibility resource when the flexibility resource is analyzed in step S1 according to the present invention. The generalized electric power system flexibility resources exist in different forms on four sides of a source side, a network side, a load side and a storage side of an energy supply and demand system, wherein the source side is a power supply side, the network side is an electric power transmission side, the load side is an electric power demand side, and the storage side is an electric power storage side and mainly comprises a power supply side adjustable unit, a transmission side coordinated dispatching, a demand side controllable load, a storage side energy storage device and the like. Considering the flexibility directionality and considering that the current domestic leading position of thermal power and the popularization of a demand side response technology and a large-scale energy storage technology do not meet the requirements, the adjustable thermal power generating unit is emphatically considered to provide the up-down flexibility to cope with the random change of load power, and the safe and stable operation of the power system is ensured.
At the step S1: in the construction of the flexibility margin index based on the selected flexibility resource, the flexibility margin index is constructed when the flexibility resource is considered as a thermal power generating unit;
for example, the flexibility of the system is adjusted, and the flexibility requirement n (t) at the time t is composed of predicted load power climbing from the time t to t +1, actual power error and predicted power error at the time t:
N(t)＝[Pc(t+1)-Pc(t)]+[Pcs(t)-Pc(t)] (25)
when N (t) is greater than 0, the system generates the demand of up-regulation flexibility, and when N (t) is less than 0, the system generates the demand of down-regulation flexibility; pc(t) is the predicted net load value at time t; pcs(t) is the actual value of the load at time t; pcWhen (t +1) is t +1The predicted value of the load at the moment can be based on the actual value P of the load at the moment tcs(t) is estimated by an interpolation function, Pc(t+1)＝f(Pcs(t))。
And constructing a system up and down regulation flexibility margin index by using the difference between the system flexibility supply and demand to represent the system flexibility supply and demand matching condition.
When Y isup(t)≥0、Ydown(t) is not less than 0, the system flexibility is abundant; if less than 0, it represents insufficient flexibility. Sup(t) flexible provision at time t; sdown(t) lower flexibility supply for time t; by Delta Yup(t)、ΔYdown(t) represents an index of insufficient flexibility of up-regulation and down-regulation; delta Ydown(t) > 0 indicates that the system has the risk of wind abandonment.
Based on this, the step S2: the establishment of the flexibility index model under the large-scale new energy grid connection can be specifically as follows:
the flexibility index is intended to measure the ability of the power system to cope with uncertainty factors. Therefore, the maximum mutation capacity of the new energy which can be borne by the system can be used as a flexibility evaluation index. Taking wind power integration as an example, two directions of sudden reduction and sudden increase of the output of the wind power plant, namely the up-regulation flexibility and the down-regulation flexibility, need to be evaluated respectively. The objective function is shown as follows:
in the above formula,. DELTA.PwiThe output change of the wind power field i in the region, and n is the number of the wind power fields in the region. The target defined is the maximum variation of the wind farm output that the power system can withstand, thus maximizing the objectiveThe standard function shows that the system has better flexibility.
The constraint conditions of the flexibility index model are divided into general constraints and flexibility resource constraints, wherein the first type of constraints are traditional constraints which must be considered in index calculation; the second type of constraint is a selective constraint, and the corresponding constraint is selected according to the flexible resource responding to the requirement.
The first class of constraint generic constraints mainly includes node power balance constraints and wind farm power variation constraints.
Node power balance constraint: for non-wind power nodes, the power balance equation is:
in the formula, Pl、PnlRespectively the active power and the active load of the node l; ql、QnlRespectively the reactive power and the reactive load of the node l; vlIs the voltage of node l; glj、Blj、θljRespectively, conductance, susceptance, and phase angle difference between nodes l and j.
For a wind power node, the power balance equation is:
in the formula,. DELTA.Pwk、ΔQwkThe active change and the reactive change of the wind power of the node k are respectively.
Wind power plant power change constraint: the wind power integration needs to meet the national standard, so the maximum output change of the wind power plant is limited within the national standard:
|ΔPwi|≤|ΔPGB| (31)
in the formula,. DELTA.PGBThe wind power maximum power change value is regulated for national standards.
The second type of constraint flexibility resource constraint mainly considers time scale and thermal power unit constraint.
Time scale: considering that the uncertainty duration is usually short and the time scale should not be too large, for the convenience of flexible research, the time scale is set to a fixed value:
Δt＝{1min,10min,15min,30min} (32)
and (3) constraint of the thermal power generating unit: under the condition that a thermal power unit is selected as a flexible resource, time scale, upper and lower output limit constraints and unit climbing rate constraints are integrated, and active output constraints of the thermal power unit are as follows:
max{PTG,min,PTG,t-rTdown*Δt}≤PTG≤min{PTG,max,PTG,t+rTup*Δt} (33)
in the formula, PTGRepresenting the output of the thermal power generating unit; pTG,t、PTG,max、PTG,minRespectively representing the current output of the thermal power generating unit and the upper limit and the lower limit of the output of the thermal power generating unit; r isTup、rTdownRespectively representing the upward and downward climbing rates of the thermal power generating unit.
And constructing a mathematical model of the system flexibility index model through the objective function and the constraint condition.
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the quick response of the thermal power generating unit when the response cost of the thermal power generating unit is analyzed in step S3 according to the present invention. The area of the shaded part in the graph represents the work delta W which is done more when the thermal power generating unit adjusts the output, and the product of the work and the unit cost is the quick response cost C of the thermal power generating unitF。P0Is the current value of the unit output, P1For the set-out stabilized force value, rmax、rminMaximum and minimum ramp rates, t, respectively1、t2For the adjustment time at the maximum and minimum ramp rates.
The process of responding to the flexibility requirement of the thermal power generating unit is divided into two stages: the method comprises a response stage and an operation stage, wherein the response stage refers to a stage of output adjustment change until the output reaches a stable state, and the operation stage refers to a stage after the output is stable until the flexibility requirement is finished. Here, the response cost is the flexibility cost of the thermal power generating unit.
In the formula, e is unit cost; delta PTG＝P1-P0The output increment of the unit is obtained; r isnDesired ramp rate for flexibility requirements, rn≤rmax(ii) a r is the suitable climbing speed of the unit, and r is more than or equal to rmin。
The operation cost is as follows: operating cost C generated when thermal power generating unit stably outputs powerVThe occupied proportion is large, and the stable output value P is usually adjusted by the output of the unit1Is expressed as:
CV＝(aP1 2+bP1+c)*tV＝[a(P0+ΔPTG)2+b(P0+ΔPTG)+c]*tV (35)
in the formula, tVFor the operation stage time, a, b and c are power generation cost coefficients.
In addition to considering thermal power plants, wind power plant flexibility costs are also considered as follows:
the output adjustment of the wind turbine generator is completed within a few seconds, so the flexibility of the wind turbine generator mainly considers the operation cost, and the response cost can be included in the punishment item in the operation cost. The operating cost of wind power can be divided into two parts, one part is the payment cost C for maintaining the wind power outputWPThe other part is the handling cost C for calling wind powerWF。
Therefore, the resource calling total cost C of the wind power under the flexibility requirementWCan be expressed as:
CW＝CWP+CWF＝ΔPW*e2*tw+CWF (36)
in the formula, tWFor the wind power operating phase time, e2Is the power generation cost coefficient. And the wind power output change is limited by national standard: | Δ Pw|≤|ΔPGB|。
And constructing a mathematical model of the system flexibility cost model through the objective function and the constraint condition.
Referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a structure of a comprehensive economic optimal objective function of the comprehensive evaluation constructed according to the present invention. The method can be embodied as follows:
in the comprehensive evaluation system, the annual comprehensive cost C is minimizedallTo optimize the objective. The annual comprehensive cost is mainly changed by the flexibility of the thermal power generating unitgAnnual flexibility operating cost CyPenalty cost C for lack of annual flexibilityrAnnual wind abandonment expense CqThe sum of the components:
minCall＝Cg+Cy+Cr+Cq (37)
in the formula IjInvestment annual cost for performing flexible transformation on the thermal power generating unit j; x is the number ofjThe variable is 0-1, if and only if the thermal power generating unit j is subjected to flexibility modification, the variable is 1, otherwise, the variable is 0; omega is a thermal power generating unit set; dyAnnual operating cost coefficient; d is the number of days in year; m is a wind power set considered by the model; t is an operation time period; pr(m) is the event probability;
the wind power is the wind power at the moment t; c. Cw,qCost for unit wind abandon；cup、cdownCost factors with insufficient flexibility are adjusted up and down.
Please refer to fig. 4, fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the constraint composition of the comprehensive evaluation constructed by the present invention. The method can be embodied as follows:
the method not only comprises the system power balance constraint and the conventional constraint of the thermal power generating unit mentioned in the steps S2 and S3: the system power balance constraint ensures that the generated power of each scene at each time interval meets the load requirement; the thermal power generating unit constraint comprises maximum and minimum output constraint and climbing constraint of the thermal power generating unit. The output constraint of the thermal power generating unit ensures that the output of the thermal power generating unit is within the minimum technical output and rated output interval; the ramp restriction of the thermal power generating unit ensures that the power difference between the front and the rear of the unit does not exceed the maximum ramp power of the unit.
In addition to this, consider adding the following flexibility margin constraints: and the system flexibility margin constraint ensures that the system flexibility supply and demand matching at each moment of each scene meets the confidence requirement.
In the formula, betaup(t)、βdown(t) is a given confidence level.
Through an objective function and a constraint condition, a mathematical model of the comprehensive evaluation model for the operation flexibility of the thermal power unit can be described as follows:
Fobj:minCall＝Cg+Cy+Crisk+Cq (43)
finally, a computational, open source tool for solving the optimization problem, CasADi, is used. Compared with the traditional algebraic language, the method has higher flexibility and compatibility when solving the optimal control problem, and is successfully applied to the fields of automobile industry, process industry, robot technology and the like in recent years. And obtaining the optimal transformation strategy and related indexes through a solver.
Claims (7)
1. The comprehensive evaluation method for the operation flexibility of the thermal power generating unit under the condition of large-scale new energy grid connection is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: constructing a flexibility margin index based on the selected flexibility resources;
s2: establishing a flexibility index model under the large-scale new energy grid connection;
s3: establishing a flexible cost model under the large-scale new energy networking;
s4: constructing a target function of a comprehensive evaluation model for the operation flexibility of the thermal power generating unit;
s5: integrating flexible operation constraint conditions of the thermal power generating unit and finally establishing a comprehensive evaluation model;
s6: and solving the established thermal power generating unit operation flexibility comprehensive evaluation model.
2. The thermal power generating unit operation flexibility comprehensive evaluation method under the large-scale new energy grid-connected condition according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps of: the generalized electric power system flexibility resources exist in different forms on four sides of a source, a grid, a load and a storage of an energy supply and demand system, wherein the source is a power supply side, the grid is an electric power transmission side, the load is an electric power demand side, and the storage is an electric power storage side, and mainly comprise a power supply side adjustable unit, a transmission side coordinated dispatching, a demand side controllable load, a storage side energy storage device and the like, and based on the fact, the step S1: the construction of the flexibility margin index based on the selected flexibility resources can be embodied as follows:
s1.1: in view of the flexibility directionality, the invention focuses on the random change of the up-regulation flexibility and the down-regulation flexibility provided by the adjustable thermal power unit to cope with the load power and ensures the safe and stable operation of the power system in consideration of the current domestic leading position of thermal power and the popularization of the demand side response technology and the large-scale energy storage technology which do not meet the requirements yet.
S1.2: for example, the flexibility of the system is adjusted, and the flexibility requirement n (t) at the time t is composed of predicted load power climbing from the time t to t +1, actual power error and predicted power error at the time t:
N(t)＝[Pc(t+1)-Pc(t)]+[Pcs(t)-Pc(t)] (1)
when N (t) is greater than 0, the system generates the demand of up-regulation flexibility, and when N (t) is less than 0, the system generates the demand of down-regulation flexibility; pc(t) is the predicted net load value at time t; pcs(t) is the actual value of the load at time t; pc(t +1) is the predicted value of the load at the time t +1, and can be determined according to the actual value P of the load at the time tcs(t) is estimated by an interpolation function, Pc(t+1)＝f(Pcs(t))。
Based on the analysis, the difference between the system flexibility supply and demand is used for constructing an up-regulation and down-regulation flexibility margin index of the system to represent the matching condition of the system flexibility supply and demand.
When Y isup(t)≥0、Ydown(t) is not less than 0, the system flexibility is abundant; if less than 0, it represents insufficient flexibility. Sup(t) flexible provision at time t; sdown(t) lower flexibility supply for time t; by Delta Yup(t)、ΔYdown(t) represents an index of insufficient flexibility of up-regulation and down-regulation; delta Ydown(t) > 0 indicates that the system has the risk of wind and light abandonment.
3. The thermal power generating unit operation flexibility comprehensive evaluation method under the large-scale new energy grid-connected condition according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps of: the step S2: the establishment of the flexibility index model under the large-scale new energy grid connection can be embodied as follows:
s2.1: the flexibility index is intended to measure the ability of the power system to cope with uncertainty factors. Therefore, the maximum mutation capacity of the new energy which can be borne by the system can be used as a flexibility evaluation index. According to the invention, wind power integration is taken as an example, and two directions of sudden reduction and sudden increase of the output of the wind power plant, namely the up-regulation flexibility and the down-regulation flexibility, need to be evaluated respectively. The objective function is shown as follows:
in the above formula,. DELTA.PwiThe output change of the wind power field i in the region, and n is the number of the wind power fields in the region. The defined target is the maximum variation of the wind power plant output which can be borne by the power system, so that the target function is maximized, and the system flexibility is better. If other new energy sources are researched, the output of the other new energy sources is replaced by the output change of the other new energy sources in the same way.
S2.2: the constraint conditions of the flexibility index model are divided into general constraints and flexibility resource constraints, wherein the first type of constraints are traditional constraints which must be considered in index calculation; the second type of constraint is a selective constraint, and the corresponding constraint is selected according to the flexible resource responding to the requirement.
S2.2.1: the first class of constraint generic constraints mainly includes node power balance constraints and wind farm power variation constraints.
S2.2.1.1: node power balance constraints
For non-wind power nodes, the power balance equation is:
in the formula, Pl、PnlRespectively the active power and the active load of the node l; ql、QnlRespectively the reactive power and the reactive load of the node l; vlIs the voltage of node l; glj、Blj、θljRespectively, conductance, susceptance, and phase angle difference between nodes l and j.
For a wind power node, the power balance equation is:
in the formula,. DELTA.Pwk、ΔQwkThe active change and the reactive change of the wind power of the node k are respectively.
S2.2.1.2: wind farm power change constraints
The wind power integration needs to meet the national standard, so the maximum output change of the wind power plant is limited within the national standard:
|ΔPwi|≤|ΔPGB[ 7 ] wherein [ Delta ] PGBThe wind power maximum power change value is regulated for national standards.
S2.2.2: the second type of constraint flexibility resource constraint mainly considers time scale and thermal power unit constraint.
S2.2.2.1: time scale
Considering that the uncertainty duration is usually short and the time scale should not be too large, for the convenience of flexible research, the time scale is set to a fixed value:
Δt＝{1min,10min,15min,30min} (8)
s2.2.2.2: thermal power generating unit constraint
Under the condition that a thermal power unit is selected as a flexible resource, time scale, upper and lower output limit constraints and unit climbing rate constraints are integrated, and active output constraints of the thermal power unit are as follows:
max{PTG,min,PTG,t-rTdown*Δt}≤PTG≤min{PTG,max,PTG,t+rTup*Δt} (9)
in the formula, PTGRepresenting the output of the thermal power generating unit; pTG,t、PTG,max、PTG,minRespectively representing the current output of the thermal power generating unit and the upper limit and the lower limit of the output of the thermal power generating unit; r isTup、rTdownRespectively representing the upward and downward climbing rates of the thermal power generating unit.
S2.3: with the objective function and constraints, the mathematical model of the system flexibility index model can be described as:
4. the thermal power generating unit operation flexibility comprehensive evaluation method under the large-scale new energy grid-connected condition according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps of: the step S3: the establishment of the flexible cost model under the large-scale new energy networking can be embodied as follows:
s3.1: thermal power generating unit flexibility cost
The process of responding to the flexibility requirement of the thermal power generating unit is divided into two stages: the method comprises a response stage and an operation stage, wherein the response stage refers to a stage of output adjustment change until the output reaches a stable state, and the operation stage refers to a stage after the output is stable until the flexibility requirement is finished.
S3.1.1: cost of response
The shaded area in the schematic diagram of the unit quick response flexibility requirement represents the work delta W which is more done when the thermal power unit adjusts the output, and the multiplication of the work and the unit cost is the quick response cost C of the unitF。P0Is the current value of the unit output, P1For the set-out stabilized force value, rmax、rminMaximum and minimum ramp rates, t, respectively1、t2For the adjustment time at the maximum and minimum ramp rates.
In the formula, e is unit cost; delta PTG＝P1-P0The output increment of the unit is obtained; r isnDesired ramp rate for flexibility requirements，rn≤rmax(ii) a r is the suitable climbing speed of the unit, and r is more than or equal to rmin。
S3.1.2: running cost
Operating cost C generated when thermal power generating unit stably outputs powerVThe occupied proportion is large, and the stable output value P is usually adjusted by the output of the unit1Is expressed as:
CV＝(aP1 2+bP1+c)*tV＝[a(P0+ΔPTG)2+b(P0+ΔPTG)+c]*tV (13)
in the formula, tVFor the operation stage time, a, b and c are power generation cost coefficients.
S3.2: wind turbine generator flexibility cost
The output adjustment of the wind turbine generator is completed within a few seconds, so the flexibility of the wind turbine generator mainly considers the operation cost, and the response cost can be included in the punishment item in the operation cost. The operating cost of wind power can be divided into two parts, one part is the payment cost C for maintaining the wind power outputWPThe other part is the handling cost C for calling wind powerWF。
Therefore, the resource calling total cost C of the wind power under the flexibility requirementWCan be expressed as:
CW＝CWP+CWF＝ΔPW*e2*tw+CWF (14)
in the formula, tWFor the wind power operating phase time, e2Is the power generation cost coefficient. And the wind power output change is limited by national standard: | Δ Pw|≤|ΔPGB|。
S3.3: with objective functions and constraints, the mathematical model of the system flexibility cost model can be described as:
5. the thermal power generating unit operation flexibility comprehensive evaluation method under the large-scale new energy grid-connected condition according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps of: the step S4: the construction of the comprehensive evaluation model objective function for the operation flexibility of the thermal power generating unit can be embodied as follows:
in the comprehensive evaluation system, the annual comprehensive cost C is minimizedallTo optimize the objective. The annual comprehensive cost is mainly changed by the flexibility of the thermal power generating unitgAnnual flexibility operating cost CyPenalty cost C for lack of annual flexibilityrAnnual wind abandonment expense CqThe sum of the components:
min Call＝Cg+Cy+Cr+Cq (17)
in the formula IjInvestment annual cost for performing flexible transformation on the thermal power generating unit j; x is the number ofjThe variable is 0-1, if and only if the thermal power generating unit j is subjected to flexibility modification, the variable is 1, otherwise, the variable is 0; omega is a thermal power generating unit set; dyAnnual operating cost coefficient; d is the number of days in year; m is a modelThe wind power set under consideration; t is an operation time period; pr(m) is the event probability;
the wind power is the wind power at the moment t; c. Cw,qThe cost of wind abandonment is unit; c. Cup、cdownCost factors with insufficient flexibility are adjusted up and down.
6. The thermal power generating unit operation flexibility comprehensive evaluation method under the large-scale new energy grid-connected condition according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps of: the step S5: the method comprises the following steps of integrating flexible operation constraint conditions of the thermal power generating unit and finally establishing a comprehensive evaluation model, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
s5.1: the constraint conditions of the comprehensive evaluation model for the operation flexibility of the thermal power generating unit comprise system power balance constraints and conventional constraints of the thermal power generating unit, wherein the system power balance constraints ensure that the generated power of each scene at each time interval meets the load requirements; the thermal power generating unit constraint comprises maximum and minimum output constraint and climbing constraint of the thermal power generating unit. The output constraint of the thermal power generating unit ensures that the output of the thermal power generating unit is within the minimum technical output and rated output interval; the ramp restriction of the thermal power generating unit ensures that the power difference between the front and the rear of the unit does not exceed the maximum ramp power of the unit.
S5.2: in addition to this, consider adding the following flexibility margin constraints:
and the system flexibility margin constraint ensures that the system flexibility supply and demand matching at each moment of each scene meets the confidence requirement.
In the formula, betaup(t)、βdown(t) is a given confidence level.
S5.3: through an objective function and a constraint condition, a mathematical model of the comprehensive evaluation model for the operation flexibility of the thermal power unit can be described as follows:
Fobj:min Call＝Cg+Cy+Crisk+Cq (23)
7. the thermal power generating unit operation flexibility comprehensive evaluation method under the large-scale new energy grid-connected condition according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps of: the step S6: the solution of the established comprehensive evaluation model for the operation flexibility of the thermal power generating unit can be embodied as follows:
consider using a computational, open source tool, CasADi, for solving the optimization problem. Compared with the traditional algebraic language, the method has higher flexibility and compatibility when solving the optimal control problem, and is successfully applied to the fields of automobile industry, process industry, robot technology and the like in recent years.
And obtaining the optimal transformation strategy and related indexes through a solver.
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