CN113094836A - Herringbone gear tooth surface optimization design method based on genetic algorithm - Google Patents

Herringbone gear tooth surface optimization design method based on genetic algorithm Download PDF

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CN113094836A
CN113094836A CN202110431766.5A CN202110431766A CN113094836A CN 113094836 A CN113094836 A CN 113094836A CN 202110431766 A CN202110431766 A CN 202110431766A CN 113094836 A CN113094836 A CN 113094836A
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tooth surface
gear
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design
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郭栋祥
王淑妍
袁卓俊
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Jiangsu University of Science and Technology
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Abstract

A herringbone gear tooth surface optimization design method based on a genetic algorithm comprises the following steps: (1) analyzing common fault problems and factor characteristics caused by the common fault problems in the meshing process of the gear transmission system; (2) carrying out comprehensive simulation and contact analysis on the herringbone gear pair, checking the advantages and disadvantages of the indexes, and determining a target to be optimized by combining the problems actually encountered in the gear meshing transmission process; (3) the tooth direction modification drum shape has obvious effect of improving transmission error, the tooth direction inclination modification has obvious effect of improving unbalance loading, and the modification mode is selected as a design variable in a targeted manner according to a target to be optimized; (4) comparing the applicability and the advantages and the disadvantages of the common group intelligent optimization algorithm, and selecting a proper and reasonable algorithm to carry out scheme design on an optimization target by combining with a required optimization example; (5) and running an optimization algorithm to obtain a candidate scheme, selecting an optimal scheme to set the optimal scheme in the tooth surface target design form, and comparing results of indexes before and after optimization. The method can detect the potential fault problem of the herringbone gear transmission system, can quickly and efficiently shape-modify the herringbone gear transmission system to optimize and solve the fault, and avoids the risk of serious failure of the gear in time.

Description

Herringbone gear tooth surface optimization design method based on genetic algorithm
The invention belongs to the field of mechanical transmission, relates to a herringbone gear tooth surface optimization design method based on a genetic algorithm, and particularly relates to an optimization design method for the problem of gear faults of mechanical equipment.
Background
The herringbone gear transmission system has the advantages of small volume, light weight, small axial force, large transmission ratio, strong bearing capacity, high transmission efficiency and the like, and is widely applied to the high-speed and precise heavy-load transmission fields of automobiles, aerospace, mining machinery, ships and warships and the like.
The herringbone gear can be regarded as being composed of two helical gears with opposite rotation directions, and due to factors such as manufacturing errors and installation accuracy, the phenomena of gear tooth fracture, high vibration noise, speed fluctuation, unstable transmission and the like are often caused in the transmission process. Therefore, it is necessary to precisely optimize the design of the gear tooth surface for its normal operation. However, it is a difficult problem to accurately judge the factors causing gear failure and to adopt which mode to modify shape and optimize, and the determination of the modification amount and the calculation of the optimization result need to search a large number of values according to national standards to calculate and compare, and the large workload can cause that the optimization design variable has certain limitation, and the value cannot be taken in a large range, so that the design optimization efficiency is low, so that the herringbone gear tooth surface optimization design method is provided, the potential failure problem of the herringbone gear transmission system is analyzed by using the computer technology, the modification amount can be determined quickly and efficiently to optimize and solve the failure, and the risk of serious failure of the gear is avoided in time.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a herringbone gear tooth surface optimization design method based on a genetic algorithm aiming at the problems and the defects in the prior art. The method can analyze the potential fault problem of the herringbone gear transmission system under any working condition and design requirement, can quickly and efficiently shape-modify the herringbone gear transmission system to optimize and solve the fault, and avoids the risk of serious failure of the gear in time. The invention can conveniently and quickly obtain the modification amount, and overcomes the defect that the modification amount needs to be calculated in a large amount in the conventional modification method. The genetic algorithm utilized by the invention has stronger global search capability, particularly when the cross probability is larger, a large number of new individuals are generated, the global search range is improved, and the optimal herringbone gear tooth surface optimization design variable parameters can be obtained more simply, quickly and comprehensively.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a herringbone gear tooth surface optimization design method based on a genetic algorithm comprises the following steps:
step 1: the common fault problem in the meshing process of a gear transmission system is analyzed, and if the transmission error is too large, the gear meshing and meshing impact is large, and the transmission is not stable; if the tooth surface Hertz contact stress is too large, the tooth surface abrasion condition can be aggravated, and the noise and the system power loss are increased; if the normal load is unevenly distributed, the gear is unbalanced, and one end of the gear is easily broken;
step 2: carrying out comprehensive simulation and contact analysis on the herringbone gear pair, checking the advantages and disadvantages of the indexes, and determining a target to be optimized by combining the problems actually encountered in the gear meshing transmission process;
and step 3: the tooth direction modification drum shape has obvious effect of improving transmission error, the tooth direction inclination modification has obvious effect of improving unbalance loading, and the modification mode is selected as a design variable in a targeted manner according to a target to be optimized;
and 4, step 4: comparing the applicability and the advantages and the disadvantages of the common group intelligent optimization algorithm, and selecting a proper and reasonable algorithm to carry out scheme design on an optimization target by combining with a required optimization example;
and 5: and running an optimization algorithm to obtain a candidate scheme, selecting an optimal scheme to set the optimal scheme in the tooth surface target design form, and comparing results of indexes before and after optimization.
By the tooth surface optimization method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the potential fault problem in gear meshing transmission can be quickly and effectively judged and subjected to shape modification optimization, the optimization design efficiency is greatly improved, and the risk of gear failure is avoided in time.
Preferably, the optimal design target is determined according to the advantages and disadvantages of each index of the simulation result, and the optimal design target is selected from the transmission error and the tooth surface unit length normal load according to the simulation analysis result.
Preferably, the design variables are reasonably selected after the optimization target is determined, and the tooth slope and the tooth crowning of the loaded tooth surface are selected as the design variables in the embodiment.
Preferably, the herringbone gear tooth surface optimization design method is selected after comprehensively evaluating the shape modification mode and the advantages, the disadvantages and the applicability of each algorithm, and the optimization algorithm adopted in the embodiment is a genetic algorithm.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: the method can analyze the potential fault problem of the herringbone gear transmission system under any working condition and design requirement, can quickly and efficiently shape-modify the herringbone gear transmission system to optimize and solve the fault, and avoids the risk of serious failure of the gear in time. The invention can conveniently and quickly obtain the modification amount, and overcomes the defect that the modification amount needs to be calculated in a large amount in the conventional modification method. The genetic algorithm utilized by the invention has stronger global search capability, particularly when the cross probability is larger, a large number of new individuals are generated, the global search range is improved, the defect that the traditional optimization design cannot be used for value taking in a large range is overcome, and the optimal herringbone gear tooth surface design variable parameters can be obtained more simply, quickly and comprehensively.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of axial crowning profile modification.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of modification of tooth pitch.
FIG. 4 is a transmission error curve of simulation analysis before modification.
FIG. 5 is a gear transmission error simulation curve after the modification and optimization of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a cloud of normal load distributions per unit length for a tooth face of a modified front gear.
FIG. 7 is a cloud view of normal load distribution per unit length of a gear tooth surface optimized by the modification of the invention.
Detailed Description
As shown in FIG. 1, the invention relates to a herringbone gear tooth surface optimization method based on a genetic algorithm, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: the common fault problem in the meshing process of a gear transmission system is analyzed, and if the transmission error is too large, the gear meshing and meshing impact is large, and the transmission is not stable; if the tooth surface Hertz contact stress is too large, the tooth surface abrasion condition can be aggravated, and the noise and the system power loss are increased; if the normal load is unevenly distributed, the gear is unbalanced, and one end of the gear is easily broken;
step 2: comprehensive simulation and contact analysis are carried out on the herringbone gear pair, the quality conditions of all indexes are checked, and therefore the target needing to be optimized is determined, the transmission error and the normal load of the tooth surface unit length are selected as optimization design targets in the embodiment, as shown in a graph of a transmission error curve of the gear pair in fig. 4, the transmission error is 11.97 um; as shown in fig. 6, the tooth surface normal load distribution diagram is a tooth surface normal load distribution diagram, the maximum load of the left end surface of the gear tooth is 3447N/mm, the maximum load of the right end surface is 783N/mm, the tooth surface stress distribution is uneven, and the unbalance loading phenomenon occurs;
and step 3: the effect of improving the transmission error of the tooth direction modification drum shape is obvious, the effect of improving the unbalance loading problem of the tooth direction inclination modification is obvious, and the tooth direction inclination and the tooth direction modification drum shape of the loaded tooth surface are selected as design variables according to the optimization target in the step 2, so that the problems of overlarge transmission error and gear unbalance loading are improved;
and 4, step 4: compared with the applicability and the advantages and the disadvantages of the common population intelligent optimization algorithm, the modification mode in the step 3 is combined, the optimization algorithm is adopted as a genetic algorithm, 20 generations are selected for evolution algebra, the cross probability is set to be 0.2, the mutation probability is set to be 0.3, and the population scale is selected to be 50;
and 5: running an optimization algorithm to obtain a candidate scheme, selecting an optimal scheme to set the optimal scheme in a tooth surface target design form, and comparing results of indexes before and after optimization, wherein a transmission error curve graph after modification optimization is shown in FIG. 5, and the transmission error curve graph is reduced by 66.39% compared with a transmission error curve graph before modification; fig. 7 is a normal load distribution diagram of the tooth surface with the modified and optimized shape in the unit length, and it can be seen that the tooth surface load distribution is even in the middle and the unbalance loading phenomenon is greatly improved.
Theoretically, the optimization method and the variable range in the steps can be modified to optimize the target. Accordingly, the foregoing description and examples are exemplary only, and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way. Any embodiment consistent with the present method, modified or replaced without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, shall also fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. A herringbone gear tooth surface optimization design method based on a genetic algorithm is characterized by comprising the following steps: step 1: the common fault problem in the meshing process of a gear transmission system is analyzed, and if the transmission error is too large, the gear meshing and meshing impact is large, and the transmission is not stable; if the tooth surface Hertz contact stress is too large, the tooth surface abrasion condition can be aggravated, and the noise and the system power loss are increased; if the normal load is unevenly distributed, the gear is unbalanced, and one end of the gear is easily broken; step 2: carrying out comprehensive simulation and contact analysis on the herringbone gear pair, checking the advantages and disadvantages of the indexes, and determining a target to be optimized by combining the problems actually encountered in the gear meshing transmission process; and step 3: the tooth direction modification drum shape has obvious effect of improving transmission error, the tooth direction inclination modification has obvious effect of improving unbalance loading, and the modification mode is selected as a design variable in a targeted manner according to a target to be optimized; and 4, step 4: comparing the applicability and the advantages and the disadvantages of the common group intelligent optimization algorithm, and selecting a proper and reasonable algorithm to carry out scheme design on an optimization target by combining with a required optimization example; and 5: and running an optimization algorithm to obtain a candidate scheme, selecting an optimal scheme to set the optimal scheme in the tooth surface target design form, and comparing results of indexes before and after optimization.
2. The herringbone gear tooth surface optimization design method according to claim 1, wherein the optimization design target in the step 2 is determined according to the advantages and disadvantages of indexes of a simulation result, and the transmission error and the tooth surface unit length normal load are selected as the optimization design target according to the simulation analysis result.
3. The method for optimally designing the tooth surface of the herringbone gear as claimed in claim 1, wherein the optimal design variables in the step 3 are reasonably selected after an optimal target is determined, and in the embodiment, the tooth direction inclination and the tooth direction crowning of the loaded tooth surface are selected as the design variables.
4. The herringbone gear tooth surface optimization design method according to claim 1, wherein the optimization algorithm in the step 4 is selected after comprehensively evaluating a shape modification mode and advantages, disadvantages and applicability of each algorithm, and a genetic algorithm with strong global search capability is adopted in the example.
CN202110431766.5A 2021-04-21 2021-04-21 Herringbone gear tooth surface optimization design method based on genetic algorithm Pending CN113094836A (en)

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