CN113094617A - Web element positioning method and application and storage medium thereof - Google Patents
Web element positioning method and application and storage medium thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a web element positioning method, application thereof and a storage medium, wherein the positioning method is used for positioning a control in a web page and comprises the following steps: s01, constructing an information mapping table, wherein the information mapping table comprises a plurality of control type information, and the control type information comprises a control type and label name information corresponding to the control type; s02, determining the type of the control to be positioned; s03, calling an information mapping table according to the type of the control to be positioned, and constructing a positioning expression; s04, loading the web page, matching the web page through the positioning expression to generate a positioning result, automatically calculating the positioning of the web element by the scheme, and eliminating the defects that the traditional web automation test needs to consume a large amount of manpower to obtain and maintain the web element without storing and maintaining the web element.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of internet technology and webpage testing, in particular to a web element positioning method and application and a storage medium thereof.
Background
In the software development process, software testing is indispensable. The software test utilizes a test tool to carry out test operation according to a certain test scheme and flow, thereby achieving the purposes of discovering defects hidden in the software, reducing the cost of software development and maintenance and promoting the software quality to be improved. The cost of software testing accounts for 30% -50% of the whole software development process, and with the continuous improvement of the complexity of software functions, corresponding automatic testing technology is continuously developed and advanced.
Among various types of automated tests, the test closest to the user requirement is the automated test of a User Interface (UI) related to user interaction, and the UI automated test script of a web page is compiled, so that the problem of web element identification is inevitably encountered. Because the automatic test of the UI is closest to the requirement of a user, the acquisition and maintenance cost of the positioning information data of the web elements also becomes the indispensable cost in the process of compiling and maintaining the UI automatic script.
At present, the web elements are acquired manually or manually by matching with auxiliary tools, and a large amount of labor cost is consumed to acquire the large-size web elements. On the other hand, the positioning method is based on a static method, that is, once a certain type of positioning method is used, the actual positioning information is determined, and the positioning method cannot be automatically adjusted according to the actual situation. For example, in the stage of writing the UI automation test script, the information that is found on the web page and can uniquely identify the web element is recorded as the positioning information of the web element, and the information is the content that needs to be mainly maintained in the UI automation test script in the subsequent test. Often, the way to locate web elements is also unique, for example, if the ID attribute is used to locate web elements, manual correction is required once the ID attribute changes, and thus web elements cannot be located efficiently and simply.
Therefore, one of the problems that needs to be solved by those skilled in the art is to propose a web element positioning algorithm for automatically calculating the web element positioning, so as to completely get rid of the problem of high cost of acquisition and maintenance of the conventional web element positioning.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention is to provide a web element positioning method, an application thereof and a storage medium thereof, which are reliable in implementation, high in positioning efficiency, low in cost and flexible.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a web element positioning method for control positioning in a web page, comprising:
s01, constructing an information mapping table, wherein the information mapping table comprises a plurality of control type information, and the control type information comprises a control type, label name information corresponding to the control type and/or information that the control type is positioned before or after the field text;
s02, determining the type of the control to be positioned;
s03, calling an information mapping table according to the type of the control to be positioned, and constructing a positioning expression;
and S04, loading the web page, matching the web page through the positioning expression, and generating a positioning result.
As a possible implementation manner, further, the tag name information includes tail tag information, and each control category includes at least more than one type of tail tag information.
As a possible implementation manner, further, the control type information further includes more than one of a control ID and a property whether the control is visible.
As a preferred selection implementation, preferably, the method for calling the information mapping table according to the type of the control to be positioned and constructing the positioning expression includes:
s031, according to the control type of pending location, call out the information mapping table, confirm the tail label information corresponding to control type;
s032, acquiring the tail label information, judging the quantity of the tail label information,
when the number of tail tag information is 1, constructing the following positioning expression:
Xpath“//{x1}”，
when the number of tail tag information is greater than 1, constructing the following positioning expression:
Xpath“//{x1}|//{x2}|//{x3}|……//{xn}”，
wherein x is1Indicating first tail label information, x2Indicating second tail label information, x3Indicating third tail tag information, xnIndicating the nth tail label information.
As a preferred selection embodiment, preferably, in step S04 of the present scheme, the method for loading a web page, matching the web page through a positioning expression, and generating a positioning result includes:
s041, loading a web page;
s042, matching is carried out from the page DOM beginning corresponding to the web page through the positioning expression, and a matching result is generated;
s043, obtaining a matching result, judging the visible width and the visible height of the control in the matching result,
when the visible width or the visible height of the control is 0, calling an information mapping table, determining the visibility attribute or label information of the control, if the control is matched, outputting a judgment of matching, if the control is not matched, performing matching judgment on the next control,
when the visible width and the visible height of the control are both larger than 0, directly outputting judgment matching;
and S044, judging all matching results until the positioning expression traverses the DOM of the page, and outputting control positioning information corresponding to all the judged matched controls to generate a positioning result.
As a preferred selection implementation, preferably, after the control in the matching result is determined to be matched, a random string attribute with a preset number of bits is set for the matched control, a random string is newly set as an attribute value, and then xpath "// [ @ { random string 1} ═ random string 2} ]" is spliced, where xpath is the control positioning information corresponding to the control.
Based on the positioning method, the invention also provides application of the web element positioning method, and the web element positioning method is applied to positioning of the field text control in the web page.
Based on the positioning method, the invention also provides a web page control testing method which comprises the web element positioning method.
As a preferred alternative, it is preferable that the attribute values of the random character string 2 in the control positioning information are numbered in sequence in the order in which the control is determined to match, and the initial value of the number is 1,
it still includes:
s1, determining the type of the control to be positioned;
s2, calling an information mapping table according to the type of the control to be positioned, and constructing a positioning expression, wherein the positioning expression also comprises the sequence number of the control to be positioned;
s3, loading the web page, matching the web page through the positioning expression,
and when the control type, the tail label and the attribute value of the control are consistent, outputting judgment matching and returning positioning information.
Based on the above positioning method, the present invention further provides a computer-readable storage medium, where at least one instruction, at least one program, a code set, or a set of instructions is stored in the storage medium, and the at least one instruction, at least one program, a code set, or a set of instructions is loaded by a processor and executed to implement the above web element positioning method.
By adopting the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the technical scheme ingeniously positions elements meeting requirements by traversing web elements of the web page through the form of constructing an information mapping table and utilizing a constructed positioning expression, and gets rid of a fixed positioning scheme that the traditional scheme depends on information such as element ID (identity), so that when the web elements of the web page are changed, a positioning algorithm does not need to be corrected and modified, the web elements are automatically calculated and positioned through the technical scheme, the web elements do not need to be stored and maintained, and the defect that the traditional web automation test needs to consume a large amount of manpower to obtain and maintain the web elements is overcome.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a positioning method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a second schematic flowchart of the positioning method of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart of an example implementation of a positioning algorithm in accordance with the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic illustration of a flow chart corresponding to the example shown in fig. 3.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It is to be noted that the following examples are only illustrative of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention. Similarly, the following examples are only some but not all examples of the present invention, and all other examples obtained by those skilled in the art without any inventive work are within the scope of the present invention.
As shown in FIG. 1, the present invention provides a web element positioning method for positioning a control in a web page, which includes:
s01, constructing an information mapping table, wherein the information mapping table comprises a plurality of control type information, and the control type information comprises a control type, label name information corresponding to the control type and/or information that the control type is positioned before or after the field text;
s02, determining the type of the control to be positioned;
s03, calling an information mapping table according to the type of the control to be positioned, and constructing a positioning expression;
and S04, loading the web page, matching the web page through the positioning expression, and generating a positioning result.
Based on fig. 1, with further reference to fig. 2, in this embodiment, because each control parameter of each control has a tail tag, and the control defined by the label can be quickly obtained by positioning with the tail tag as a positioning element, in this embodiment, as a possible implementation manner, further, the tag name information includes tail tag information, and each control type includes at least more than one type of tail tag information; on this basis, as a possible implementation manner, further, in this embodiment, the control type information further includes more than one of a control ID and a property whether the control is visible.
In order to accurately and reliably construct an expression, in this scheme, as a preferred selection implementation, preferably, the information mapping table is called according to the type of the control to be positioned, and the method for constructing the positioning expression is as follows:
s031, according to the control type of pending location, call out the information mapping table, confirm the tail label information corresponding to control type;
s032, acquiring the tail label information, judging the quantity of the tail label information,
when the number of tail tag information is 1, constructing the following positioning expression:
Xpath“//{x1}”，
when the number of tail tag information is greater than 1, constructing the following positioning expression:
Xpath“//{x1}|//{x2}|//{x3}|……//{xn}”，
wherein x is1Indicating first tail label information, x2Indicating second tail label information, x3Indicating third tail tag information, xnIndicating the nth tail label information.
Because the visibility of different control types is not completely consistent, in this embodiment, as a preferred implementation manner, in step S04, the web page is loaded, and the web page is matched through the positioning expression, and the method for generating the positioning result includes:
s041, loading a web page;
s042, matching is carried out from the page DOM beginning corresponding to the web page through the positioning expression, and a matching result is generated;
s043, obtaining a matching result, judging the visible width and the visible height of the control in the matching result,
when the visible width or the visible height of the control is 0, calling an information mapping table, determining the visibility attribute or label information of the control, if the control is matched, outputting a judgment of matching, if the control is not matched, performing matching judgment on the next control,
when the visible width and the visible height of the control are both larger than 0, directly outputting judgment matching;
and S044, judging all matching results until the positioning expression traverses the DOM of the page, and outputting control positioning information corresponding to all the judged matched controls to generate a positioning result.
As a preferred selection implementation, preferably, after the control in the matching result is determined to be matched, a random string attribute with a preset number of bits is set for the matched control, a random string is newly set as an attribute value, and then xpath "// [ @ { random string 1} ═ random string 2} ]" is spliced, where xpath is the control positioning information corresponding to the control.
Based on the positioning method, the method can be applied to positioning of the field text control in the web page.
Based on the positioning method, the scheme can also be used for testing the web page control.
In the web page control test, as a preferred implementation manner, preferably, the attribute values of the random character string 2 in the control positioning information are numbered in sequence according to the order in which the controls are determined to be matched, and the initial value of the number is 1,
it still includes:
s1, determining the type of the control to be positioned;
s2, calling an information mapping table according to the type of the control to be positioned, and constructing a positioning expression, wherein the positioning expression also comprises the sequence number of the control to be positioned;
s3, loading the web page, matching the web page through the positioning expression,
and when the control type, the tail label and the attribute value of the control are consistent, outputting judgment matching and returning positioning information.
By the scheme, the conforming controls can be quickly obtained, and the Nth control in the conforming controls can be accurately obtained.
Based on fig. 1 and fig. 2, fig. 3 shows an implementation example of the idea of the positioning method based on the present solution, which supports multi-aspect element positioning by forming a positioning algorithm by using the web element positioning method of the present solution, and briefly includes the following steps:
(1) the method comprises the steps of providing a control type character string, selecting tail labels from a built-in control type and tail label information mapping table (the table is compiled according to web element characteristic values and other related information obtained after various mainstream front end frame page structure analysis) according to the control type character string by an algorithm, wherein the tail labels are selected from the information mapping table, one or more than one type of tail labels of one control can be selected, and therefore one or more than one type of selected tail labels can be selected.
(2) If only one selected tail tag exists, constructing xpath '// { tail tag }' to perform element matching on the page DOM (namely constructing a positioning expression to perform matching);
and if the selected tags have various situations, constructing an xpath "// { tail tag 1 }// { tail tag 2} | …' to match the page DOM so as to realize matching to the control closest to the starting matching position in the matching path.
(3) The constructed xpath positioning expression starts to be matched from the beginning of a page DOM of the web page, after the elements are matched, the offset width (visible width) and the offset height (visible height) of the elements are judged, if one parameter value of the visible parameters is 0, the elements are not visible, if the parameter value is not visible, whether the invisible element label is not visible is inquired from a built-in mapping table (namely an information mapping table) of control types and tail label information, if yes, the matching is judged, otherwise, the next element is continuously matched, and if the parameter value of the visible parameters indicates the visible condition, the matching is judged. The matching is tried for 100 times (or other set times) in the cycle, if the matching is not matched, the page returns to be empty, and the page is judged to have no corresponding control.
(4) And under the condition of matching the elements, setting 4-bit lower-case letter random character string attributes of the matched elements, setting an attribute value as a new random character string, and then splicing xpath "// [ @ { random character string 1} - { random character string 2} ]" and returning, wherein xpath is the positioning of the control.
(5) By the scheme, the positioning of the optional parameter 'the second control' can be supported, the default value is set to be 1, the parameter value allowable range is an integer (or other interval range) from 1 to 100, when the algorithm is additionally provided with the 'the second control' parameter, the algorithm counts when the control with the matched type and the tail label is matched, and the final matching is judged and the positioning is returned when the count of the matched control is consistent with the parameter of the 'the second control'.
(6) By the aid of the method, optional parameters 'field text' can be positioned, the default value is set to be null, the parameter value allowed range is any character string, and when an 'field text' parameter is given to the algorithm additionally, the control matching starting position is changed from the DOM beginning to the text to be the label position containing 'field text'.
(7) The algorithm obtains the label position of the 'field text': constructing xpath "// (' normal e-space ()) or @ placeholder ═ text } ' ] ' matching is started from the beginning of the DOM, after the elements are matched, judging the offset width and the offset height of the elements, if one parameter value of the visible parameters is 0, the elements are not visible, if the element is not visible, the next element is continuously matched, if the loop is repeated for 100 times (or other set times), the elements are returned to be null, judging that the page does not have a label element of the text containing ' text ', if the parameter value of the visible parameters indicates that the page is visible, judging whether the text conforms to the regular \ \ s \\\/\\ \ and the treated regular text string \\\/string \/which is identified as a constant in the matching is absent, and (4) judging that the matching is achieved only when the matching conditions are met, and performing the processing of the reference step (4) when the matching is achieved, so as to obtain the label element positioning of the text containing the 'field text'.
(8) When a 'field text' parameter is additionally given to the algorithm, the algorithm does not return to the null when the control cannot be matched after being circularly matched for 100 times in the step (3), but uses a new matching rule for matching, the new matching rule is to inquire whether the control is before or after the position of the 'field text' element from a built-in 'control type and tail label information mapping table', then determines whether the matching path is matched from the position of the 'field text' element forwards or backwards according to the inquiry result, then sequentially matches the child node of the adjacent node, the descendant node of the adjacent node, the child node of the adjacent node of the father node, the child node of the adjacent node of the ancestor the child node of the ancestor node according to the direction of the matching path, and judges the offset Width of the element after matching the element to the element, And (4) if one parameter value of the visible parameters is 0, indicating that the element is invisible, matching, continuing to match the next element, trying to match 100 times in total, returning to the blank if the element is not matched, judging that the page does not have a corresponding control, judging that the element is matched when the parameter value of the visible parameters is visible, and processing and returning to the control positioning by referring to the step (4).
(9) According to the scheme, optional parameters ' field text group ' can be supported, the default value is null, the parameter value allowable range is any character string, wherein ' | ' is a field text separator, the ' field text group ' is divided into a plurality of field texts, the algorithm carries out processing similar to the ' field text ' on the plurality of field texts in sequence, and the difference is that the next field text group ' is processed by taking the previous positioning as a basic position after the previous field text group is processed, and the processing is carried out in sequence, so that the positioning of the ' field text group ' is finally obtained. When the algorithm is given an additional "fieldtextgroup" parameter, the control matches the position from which the start position will change from the beginning of the DOM to the "fieldtextgroup" position.
(10) By the scheme, the optional parameter 'field number' can be supported, the default value is 1, the parameter value is allowed to range from 1 to 100 integers (or other interval ranges), when the optional parameter 'field text' or 'field text group' is not given to the algorithm, the 'field number' has no effect, when the optional parameter 'field text' or 'field text group' is given to the algorithm, the algorithm counts when the 'field text' or 'field text group' is matched and positioned, and when the matched count is consistent with the 'field number' parameter, the final matching is determined and the positioning is returned.
Fig. 4 shows an actual effect diagram of the automatic test framework using the control positioning of the name input box acquired by the positioning method of the present scheme and inputting "name 123" through an automatic operation, where the boxes 1 and 2 in fig. 4 are the content of the algorithm, and 3 is the operation of the automatic test framework, not the content of the positioning method.
Fig. 3 is a flowchart of the procedure corresponding to fig. 4, where the reference numerals 1A and 1B in fig. 3 correspond to the reference numeral 1 in fig. 4, and the reference numerals 2A and 2B in fig. 3 correspond to the reference numeral 2 in fig. 4.
The above description is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent devices or equivalent processes performed by the present invention through the contents of the specification and the drawings, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A web element positioning method is used for positioning a control in a web page, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
constructing an information mapping table, wherein the information mapping table comprises a plurality of control type information, and the control type information comprises a control type and label name information corresponding to the control type;
determining the type of a control to be positioned;
calling an information mapping table according to the type of a control to be positioned, and constructing a positioning expression;
and loading the web page, and matching the web page through the positioning expression to generate a positioning result.
2. A web element positioning method as recited in claim 1, wherein the tag name information includes tail tag information, and each control category includes at least more than one type of tail tag information.
3. A method as recited in claim 1, wherein the control type information further includes one or more of a control ID and a control visible attribute.
4. The web element positioning method of claim 2, wherein the method for calling the information mapping table according to the type of the control to be positioned and constructing the positioning expression comprises the following steps:
calling an information mapping table according to the type of the control to be positioned, and determining tail label information corresponding to the type of the control;
acquiring tail label information, judging the quantity of the tail label information,
when the number of tail tag information is 1, constructing the following positioning expression:
Xpath“//{x1}”，
when the number of tail tag information is greater than 1, constructing the following positioning expression:
Xpath“//{x1}|//{x2}|//{x3}|……//{xn}”，
wherein x is1Indicating first tail label information, x2Indicating second tail label information, x3Indicating third tail tag information, xnIndicating the nth tail label information.
5. The web element positioning method of claim 4, wherein the method of loading the web page and matching the web page through the positioning expression to generate the positioning result comprises:
loading a web page;
matching from the page DOM beginning corresponding to the web page through the positioning expression to generate a matching result;
obtaining a matching result, judging the visible width and the visible height of the control in the matching result,
when the visible width or the visible height of the control is 0, calling an information mapping table, determining the visibility attribute or label information of the control, if the control is matched, outputting a judgment of matching, if the control is not matched, performing matching judgment on the next control,
when the visible width and the visible height of the control are both larger than 0, directly outputting judgment matching;
and judging all matching results until the positioning expression traverses the DOM of the page, and outputting control positioning information corresponding to all the controls judged to be matched to generate a positioning result.
6. The web element positioning method according to claim 5, wherein after the control in the matching result is determined to be matched, a random string attribute with a preset number of digits is set for the matched control, a random string is newly set as an attribute value, and then xpath "// (@ { random string 1} ═ random string 2} ]" is spliced, where xpath is the control positioning information corresponding to the control.
7. Application of the web element positioning method of claim 6, wherein it is applied to positioning of field text controls in a web page.
8. A web page control testing method, characterized in that it comprises the web element positioning method of claim 6.
9. The method as claimed in claim 8, wherein the attribute values of the random string 2 in the control positioning information are numbered in sequence according to the order of judging the control to match, and the initial value of the number is 1,
it still includes:
determining the type of a control to be positioned;
calling an information mapping table according to the type of the control to be positioned, and constructing a positioning expression, wherein the positioning expression also comprises the sequence number of the control to be positioned;
loading a web page, matching the web page by locating an expression,
and when the control type, the tail label and the attribute value of the control are consistent, outputting judgment matching and returning positioning information.
10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that: the storage medium has stored therein at least one instruction, at least one program, a set of codes, or a set of instructions that is loaded by a processor and executed to implement the web element positioning method according to one of claims 1 to 6.
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| CN117350249A (en) * | 2023-12-05 | 2024-01-05 | 佰墨思(成都)数字技术有限公司 | Control configuration method and system for automatically inputting electronic document data |
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