CN113092876B - Millimeter wave phase change detection method and system based on power synthesis efficiency theory - Google Patents
Millimeter wave phase change detection method and system based on power synthesis efficiency theory Download PDFInfo
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- CN113092876B CN113092876B CN202110340587.0A CN202110340587A CN113092876B CN 113092876 B CN113092876 B CN 113092876B CN 202110340587 A CN202110340587 A CN 202110340587A CN 113092876 B CN113092876 B CN 113092876B
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- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
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- 238000009659 non-destructive testing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
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- G01R29/08—Measuring electromagnetic field characteristics
Abstract
The invention discloses a millimeter wave phase change detection method and system based on a power synthesis efficiency theory, and relates to the technical field of millimeter wave power synthesis and measurement. The invention detects whether the phase of the signal to be detected changes according to the functional relation among the synthesis efficiency of the coherent synthesis of two paths of millimeter wave signals, the amplitude difference and the phase difference; when the two millimeter wave signals have the same frequency and the phase of the reference signal is kept unchanged, the amplitude difference of the two millimeter wave signals is tested and kept unchanged, and if the phase of the signal to be tested is changed, the synthesis efficiency is changed. The detection system according to this principle can be constituted by only a power combiner and a detector, and thus can detect whether or not the phase of the test signal has changed easily, efficiently, and at low cost. The detection cost is low, the operation is simple, and the method can be easily used in various systems needing phase change detection.
Description
Technical Field
The invention mainly relates to the technical field of millimeter wave power synthesis and measurement, and particularly provides a detection method and a detection system for detecting millimeter wave phase change by utilizing the relation between phase consistency and power synthesis efficiency.
Background
Electromagnetic systems working by utilizing the phase characteristics of electromagnetic waves are very many, for example, in the nondestructive testing technology, a plurality of detection schemes analyze the performance of a sample to be tested by utilizing the phase change of signals which are reflected back to the detection system after the electromagnetic waves pass through the sample to be tested; for example, in a phase-locked loop, the phase detector converts the phase difference between two paths of electromagnetic wave signals into an electric signal proportional to the phase difference and outputs the electric signal; for example, in the power combining technique, the relative phase between two adjacent signals has a great influence on the signal combining efficiency, so that the relative phase of two adjacent signals needs to be accurately measured and controlled. The phase of the electromagnetic wave and the change in the phase therefore need to be precisely controlled for many systems. However, with the continuous development of microwave technology, the frequency band of electromagnetic waves is continuously improved, and the development is towards millimeter waves and even terahertz wave bands, the phase characteristics of the electromagnetic waves become difficult to control and measure, the higher the frequency is, the more complex the phase change detection technology becomes, and the higher the cost becomes.
The existing microwave phase detection technology generally comprises the following steps: the microwave signal is converted into a low-frequency signal with original signal phase information through a frequency mixing technology so as to be detected. The method is easy to realize compared with a method for directly measuring the high-frequency signal, and the measurement precision is further improved, but because the mixing output not only contains the fundamental frequencies of two signals, but also generates a plurality of new components, such as higher harmonics, sum frequency, difference frequency and the like, in order to obtain the required intermediate-frequency signal, a subsequent filter circuit and the like are also needed, and the whole test system becomes complicated; the measured signal and the reference signal are combined and mixed in a nonlinear element through a bridge method, so that the unknown phase or the unknown phase change of the measured signal is compared with the phase of the reference signal to obtain the phase difference of the two paths of signals. The method is simple, but the whole measuring system becomes complicated due to factors such as complexity and nonlinearity of the bridge circuit, an undefined relation between an output signal and a circuit system function and the like; the microwave signal phase difference measurement is directly carried out by a direct time domain measurement method of a digital oscilloscope. With the rapid development of digital oscilloscope technology, the oscilloscope bandwidth and sampling rate are higher and higher (the real-time sampling rate can be higher than 160GSa/s), and the high sampling rate greatly improves the accuracy of time interval measurement, so that the high-bandwidth digital oscilloscope directly performs micro-signal phase difference measurement to obtain more and more applications, but the higher the sampling rate and accuracy of the instrument, the higher the test cost becomes.
Therefore, the invention provides a new idea for the prior art, which converts a complex nonlinear bridge circuit in a bridge method into a simple power synthesizer, utilizes the power synthesizer to carry out coherent synthesis on two paths of same-frequency signals, and because the power synthesis efficiency and the phase difference and the amplitude difference between the two paths of signals have a definite functional relationship, when the amplitude difference of the two paths of signals is known, the phase difference between the two paths of signals can be obtained by measuring the power of the synthesized output signal through a detector to calculate the synthesis efficiency, thereby detecting the phase characteristic. The test system is effectively simplified and the test cost is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention aims to provide a method and a system for detecting millimeter wave phase change with low cost, simplicity and high efficiency aiming at the difficulties of the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a millimeter wave phase change detection method based on a power synthesis efficiency theory is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, selecting two paths of same-frequency millimeter wave signals, and enabling the first path of millimeter wave signals to pass through a calibration subsystem to obtain a reference signal
Obtaining a pre-test signal P 'after the second path of millimeter wave signal passes through the subsystem to be tested'Test0。
S2, respectively detecting reference signals
And pretest signal P'Test0Obtaining the amplitude difference D of the two paths of signals0。
S3, reference signal
And pretest signal P'Test0Performing coherent synthesis to obtain an initial output signal Pout0Detecting the initial output signal Pout0And calculating according to the formula (1) to obtain the initial synthesis efficiency eta0。
S4, according to the actual application condition, after the subsystem to be tested is changed, the step S1 is repeated to obtain an actual reference signal P'ref1And a signal to be measured P'Test1The regulation calibration subsystem circuit guarantees the actual reference signal P 'at this time'ref1Is constant and is the actual reference signal P'ref1And a signal to be measured P'Test1Has an amplitude difference of D0Then the actual reference signal P'ref1And a signal to be measured P'Test1Performing coherent synthesis to obtain output signal P to be measuredout1。
S5, detecting output signal P to be detectedout1And calculating to obtain the actual synthesis efficiency eta1If the actual synthesis efficiency η1With initial synthesis efficiency eta0If the values of (a) and (b) are different, the phase difference between the reference signal and the signal to be measured changes, and if the actual synthesis efficiency eta is different1With initial synthesis efficiency eta0The same value indicates that the phase difference between the reference signal and the test signal is unchanged.
Further, the initial phase difference between the first path of millimeter wave signal and the second path of millimeter wave signal is
Initial amplitude difference of D0＝0dB。
Drawing the synthesis efficiency eta, the amplitude difference D and the phase difference according to the formula (2)
The relationship between the two signals, as shown in FIG. 1(b) and FIG. 1(c), when D is not changed, the signal difference of the two signals
The time eta has the largest change rate, and the system has the highest sensitivity for detecting phase change, so the selection is made
As the initial phase difference of the two signals. When in use
When the amplitude difference D of the two signals is 0dB, the change rate of eta is the largest, and the sensitivity of the system for detecting phase change is the highest, so that the initial amplitude difference of the two signals is selected to be 0 dB.
A system based on the millimeter wave phase change detection method comprises a power synthesizer and a detector.
The power synthesizer is used for converting a reference signal
And test signal P'Test0Performing coherent synthesis to obtain an initial output signal Pout0(ii) a And will actually reference signal P'ref1And a signal to be measured P'Test1Performing coherent synthesis to obtain output signal P to be measuredout1。
The detector is used for detecting an initial output signal Pout0And an output signal P to be measuredout1The power value of (c).
The invention combines the synthesis efficiency of two paths of millimeter wave signals in a coherent way, and the amplitude difference D and the phase difference D of the two paths of millimeter wave signals
The functional relationship between the two signals is used for detecting whether the phase of the signal to be detected is changed.
When the two millimeter wave signals have the same frequency and the phase of the reference signal is kept unchanged, the amplitude difference D of the two millimeter wave signals is tested and kept unchanged, and if the phase of the signal to be tested is changed, the synthesis efficiency is changed. The detection system according to this principle can be constituted by only a power combiner and a detector, and thus can detect whether or not the phase of the test signal has changed easily, efficiently, and at low cost.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the millimeter wave phase change detection system is simple and comprises a power synthesizer and a high-precision detector which work in millimeter wave bands, two paths of signals are subjected to linear coherent synthesis, the synthesized power is easy to detect, the detection cost is low, and the operation is simple.
(2) The system function relationship in the test principle is simple and clear, a complicated bridge circuit system is not required to be built, complicated system functions are deduced, the method is easy to realize and high in usability, and can be easily used in various systems needing phase change detection.
(3) Two components in the test system are easy to optimize to high performance, and the measurement accuracy of the system can be ensured to reach 1 degree.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the present invention for detecting phase change: (a) is a principle structure diagram; (b) and (c) is a graph of the detection principle function relationship;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a system for detecting whether a sample contains defects according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a simulation model diagram of subsystem B1 according to an embodiment of the present invention: (a) is a cross-sectional view of plane E; (b) is a H-plane section view;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the effect of the presence or absence of a defect on the output phase of a sample according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order that the objects, features and advantages of the invention will be more clearly illustrated, the invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description. In this embodiment, it is explained in detail that the phase change detection method is applied to a millimeter wave nondestructive testing system for detecting a PTFE material (polytetrafluoroethylene, epsilon)r2.55, thickness h λ g/2 2.69mm) and the system operates at 38.2 GHz.
Referring to fig. 2, the nondestructive testing system comprises a total of four subsystems. The signal source in the A subsystem generates a 38.2GHz millimeter wave, which is equally divided into two paths of signals P by a 3dB power dividerTestAnd Pref. The first path of signal is taken as a test signal PTestThe signal is input into a B1 subsystem, the subsystem comprises a transmitting antenna and a receiving antenna, a sample is placed between the two antennas, a first path of signal is transmitted by the transmitting antenna, is received by the receiving antenna after passing through the sample and is transmitted into a directional coupler, and the rear end of the directional coupler is connected with a matching load and a detector and is used for monitoring the amplitude value of the first path of signal in real time; the second path of signal is used as a reference signal PrefThe signal is input into a subsystem B2, the subsystem comprises an attenuator, a phase shifter and a directional coupler which are sequentially connected, and similarly, the rear end of the directional coupler is connected with a matched load and a detector and is used for monitoring the amplitude value of the second path of signal in real time; and the two paths of signals are output and then input into a C subsystem, namely a phase change detection system, the detection system comprises a power synthesizer and a detector, the power synthesizer performs coherent synthesis on the two paths of signals, and the obtained output signals are input into a detector for detecting a power value.
The nondestructive testing system is built according to fig. 2, in order to make the testing sensitivity of the testing system highest, the initial phase difference of two paths of signals is 90 degrees and the initial amplitude difference is 0dB through system calibration, and the specific calibration steps are as follows: a PTFE plate serving as a standard sample is placed in the middle of an antenna, an attenuator in B2 is adjusted to ensure that the measurement values of detectors 1 and 2 are equal, so that the amplitude difference of two paths of signals is 0dB, then a phase shifter is adjusted, the measurement value of a detector 3 is observed, when the power of an output signal is maximum, the two paths of signals are in phase, then the phase shifter is adjusted to 90 degrees, and the initial phase difference of the two paths of signals is 90 degrees. After the initial calibration is finished, the initial synthesis efficiency eta at the moment is calculated0。
As shown in fig. 3, the sample to be tested having defects with the following dimensions: the length Lx is 10mm, the depth Lz is 1mm, and the width Ly is different. The obtained detection results are shown in fig. 4: when the sample to be detected has defects, a phase difference exists between signals passing through the defective product and a standard product (a standard PTFE plate), and the phase difference has an extreme point of 38.2GHz along with the change of the frequency, and the frequency is most sensitive to the detection of the defects, so the frequency is selected as the working frequency. As can be seen from the figure 4, it is,when the defect width is greater than or equal to 0.2mm, the phase difference is greater than 1 DEG, and the detection system can detect the change. Therefore, after the system is calibrated, the sample to be measured is put in, the attenuator is readjusted to ensure that the amplitude difference of the two paths of signals at the moment is 0dB, the power value of the output signal at the moment is measured by the wave detector 3, and the power synthesis efficiency eta at the moment is calculated to obtain1Judgment of eta1And η0And judging whether the samples to be detected have defects or not according to the judgment result.
The detection system constructed by the phase change detection method is not limited to the millimeter wave nondestructive detection system in the embodiment, for example, the transmitting and receiving antenna can be replaced by a waveguide and other devices capable of transmitting and receiving signals, and the method can also be used for various detection systems which need to use phase change to represent detection results, such as detecting the debonding problem of the composite material coating by using the phase change of the signals.
Claims (2)
1. A millimeter wave phase change detection method based on a power synthesis efficiency theory is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, selecting two paths of millimeter wave signals with the same frequency, and enabling the first path of millimeter wave signal to pass through a calibration subsystem to obtain a reference signal
The second path of millimeter wave signal passes through the subsystem to be tested to obtain a pre-test signal P'Test0；
S2, respectively detecting reference signals
And pretest signal P'Test0The amplitude difference and the phase difference ensure the initial amplitude difference D of the two paths of signals00dB, initial phase difference of
S3, reference signal
And pretest signal P'Test0Performing coherent synthesis to obtain an initial output signal Pout0Detecting the initial output signal Pout0The initial synthesis efficiency eta is obtained by calculation0；
S4, according to the actual application condition, after the subsystem to be tested is changed, the step S1 is repeated to obtain an actual reference signal P'ref1And a signal to be measured P'Test1The regulation calibration subsystem circuit guarantees the actual reference signal P 'at this time'ref1Is constant and is the actual reference signal P'ref1And a signal to be measured P'Test1Has an amplitude difference of D0Then the actual reference signal P'ref1And a signal to be measured P'Test1Performing coherent synthesis to obtain output signal P to be measuredout1；
S5, detecting output signal P to be detectedout1And calculating to obtain the actual synthesis efficiency eta1If the actual synthesis efficiency η1With initial synthesis efficiency eta0If the values of (a) and (b) are different, the phase difference between the reference signal and the signal to be measured changes, and if the actual synthesis efficiency eta is different1With initial synthesis efficiency eta0The same value indicates that the phase difference between the reference signal and the test signal is unchanged.
2. A system based on the millimeter wave phase change detection method according to claim 1, comprising a power combiner, a detector;
the power synthesizer is used for converting a reference signal
And test signal P'Test0Performing coherent synthesis to obtain an initial output signal Pout0(ii) a And will actually reference signal P'ref1And a signal to be measured P'Test1Performing coherent synthesis to obtain output signal P to be measuredout1；
The detector is used for detecting an initial output signal Pout0And an output signal P to be measuredout1The power value of (c).
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