CN113092815A - Ultrasonic method for measuring three-dimensional speed of water flow in real time - Google Patents
Ultrasonic method for measuring three-dimensional speed of water flow in real time Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P5/00—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft
- G01P5/24—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring the direct influence of the streaming fluid on the properties of a detecting acoustical wave
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ultrasonic method for measuring three-dimensional speed of water flow in real time, in particular to the technical field of hydrological environment measurement, the invention adopts a measuring probe, a transmitting probe transmits multi-frequency pulses, then the ultrasonic waves are received by three receiving probes, a digital ultrasonic instrument distinguishes and compares three echo signals with the transmitted ultrasonic signals, obtains the water flow speed of each signal according to the deviation value of the ultrasonic signal frequency, finally controls the measuring probe to axially move and circumferentially rotate on the outer wall of a pipeline, can realize multi-position and multi-angle speed measurement on the inside of a section of pipeline, and finally obtains the average value of the water flow speed measured in the inside of the section of pipeline, thereby avoiding the problems that the error of the detection result is large due to the corrosion of a single position of the pipeline or the influence of the material attenuation of the pipeline on the ultrasonic wave, and multiple groups of data collected at multiple, the water flow speed can be judged accurately and objectively, so that the detection result is more objective and stable.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hydrological environment measurement, in particular to an ultrasonic method for measuring the three-dimensional speed of water flow in real time.
Background
There are many methods for measuring speed, and there are different measuring methods for different targets and under different environments. On land, radar velocimeters are commonly used for vehicles to measure speed. The radar velocimeter mainly utilizes the Doppler effect principle. The doppler effect is a phenomenon that when a wave source and an observer move relatively, the frequency of a wave received by the observer is inconsistent with the frequency emitted by the wave source, and is specifically shown in that when the observer moves close to the sound source, the frequency received by the observer is higher than the frequency of a sound wave; conversely, when the observer moves away from the sound source, the observer receives a lower frequency than the sound wave itself. The radar velocimeter calculates the movement speed of the moving object according to the frequency offset of the received reflected electromagnetic wave.
When the moving speed of an underwater object is measured, the speed of a moving object is generally measured by using sound waves because electromagnetic waves are seriously attenuated underwater. At present, the measurement of the flow velocity of a water body is mainly divided into three methods. The first method is to measure the flowing speed of the water body by a mechanical device, and the water flowing speed and direction are measured by using the rotation information of the wheel shaft. The method mainly comprises the methods of mechanical speed measurement, speed measurement of a speed measuring generator type, Hall digital rotating speed measurement, magnetic induction type vehicle speed measurement, pulse type rotating speed sensor speed measurement and the like. Such a method requires a measuring device to be installed at a measurement target position, is inconvenient to use, and is inefficient in measurement. The second method is to measure the flow velocity of the water body by using an image processing technology. This type of method does not work properly in poor light conditions, and it only measures the surface flow velocity. The third method is to measure the velocity by using the doppler effect of sound waves, which transmits sound waves of a specific frequency to the water, and calculate the velocity of the water flow by measuring the frequency change of the received sound waves, wherein the most classical device is an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP). The ADCP with four wave beams in orthogonal configuration transmits sound waves to 4 different directions underwater, and the water flow velocity of a certain depth is measured according to the frequency change of the received sound waves.
However, most of the current water flow velocity measured by ultrasonic waves is measured at a fixed position, the measurement result is single, if the inner wall and the outer wall of the pipeline are corroded in different degrees, or the pipeline is made of sparse materials, the attenuation degree of the ultrasonic signals is serious when the ultrasonic signals penetrate through the wall of the pipeline, the attenuation cannot be predicted, the result of normally and accurately measuring the water flow velocity is influenced, the flow velocity is influenced by the fact that the inner wall of the pipeline is abraded and corroded in different degrees, but the water flow velocity is influenced by the fact that the velocities of the water flow at multiple positions are different, and therefore an ultrasonic method for measuring the three-dimensional velocity of the water flow in real time is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides an ultrasonic method for measuring the three-dimensional speed of water flow in real time, and the technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: current ultrasonic measurement rivers speed is many to be measured at fixed position, the measuring result is comparatively single, if the corrosion of different degree appears in pipeline inner wall and outer wall, or the pipeline material is dredged, the attenuation degree that leads to ultrasonic signal when passing the pipeline wall is comparatively serious, and the unable prediction of attenuation, influence the result of normal accurate measurement rivers speed, rivers probably influence the velocity of flow because the wearing and tearing and the corrosion condition of different degree appear in the pipeline inner wall, but rivers appear the condition of difference in the speed of many places position, lead to the problem that the velocity of flow testing result received the influence.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: the utility model provides an ultrasonic method of real-time measurement three-dimensional speed of water flow, based on the ultrasonic speed measurement technique, through control measuring probe axial displacement and circumferential direction outside the pipe wall, realize the ultrasonic wave to the detection of the many positions of water flow velocity and multiple angle in the pipeline, in order to obtain the water flow velocity of the different positions in the pipeline and the water flow velocity that the different angle measurement of same position obtained, finally carry out vector synthesis through the speed of the same angle of same position and obtain the three-dimensional vector value of water flow velocity, and the three-dimensional vector value of the water flow velocity of the different angle of same position is handled and is obtained single average value, later handle the water flow velocity average value of a plurality of positions and obtain whole average value, then can obtain the result that the water flow measured the speed, including:
selecting a measuring probe with proper parameters according to the diameter and the wall thickness of a measuring pipeline, connecting the measuring probe with a digital ultrasonic instrument, and placing the measuring probe on the outer wall of the pipeline, wherein the measuring probe consists of four probes, a transmitting probe and three receiving probes, the transmitting probe is placed in the middle, and the three receiving probes surround the transmitting probe;
step two, the transmitting probe directly transmits ultrasonic waves, the ultrasonic waves are special multi-frequency pulses, and the multi-frequency pulses are formed by arranging and combining ultrasonic pulse signals with various frequencies;
step three, the three receiving probes simultaneously receive the ultrasonic waves transmitted by the transmitting probe to obtain three paths of echo signals, and a digital ultrasonic instrument is used for simultaneously receiving the three paths of echo signals;
step four, identifying and comparing the echo signals with the transmitting signals, calculating the frequency deviation value of each path of receiving signals by finding out the change condition of the ultrasonic signals with specific composite frequency, and converting the water flow velocity represented by each path of signals according to the frequency deviation value of each path of signals, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein f is0Transmitting frequency, f, of ultrasonic waves for transmitting the probe1Receiving the frequency of the ultrasonic wave received by the probe, v is the velocity of water flow in the pipeline, L is the propagation distance of the ultrasonic wave in the fluid, and fdThe difference value of the ultrasonic transmitting frequency and the ultrasonic receiving frequency is obtained;
step five, synthesizing the speeds of the three signals into an actual water flow three-dimensional vector value by using a speed vector synthesis algorithm to obtain a three-dimensional water flow speed measurement result;
step six, controlling the measuring probe to rotate for a circle on the outer side of the pipe wall along the circumferential direction, and measuringStopping every sixty degrees in the rotation process of the probe, then measuring the water flow velocity at the position by the measuring probe, measuring to obtain six groups of measuring data after the measuring probe rotates for a circle, repeating the calculation mode on the measuring data to obtain six groups of water flow velocity measuring results at the same measuring position, and v1、v2、v3、v4、v5And processing the measurement result to obtain a single average value, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein v isdThe water flow speed at the same position is a single average value;
and step seven, controlling the measuring probe to move axially, stopping once every ten centimeters of movement of the measuring probe in the moving process, then repeating the process in the step six to obtain a single average value of the water flow speed, stopping six times in the moving process of the measuring probe, measuring to obtain six groups of data, and then repeating the calculation formula in the step six to obtain a final overall average value, wherein the overall average value is the result of water flow speed measurement.
As a further scheme of the invention: in the seventh step, the initial position of the measuring probe is kept the same each time the measuring probe moves axially.
As a further scheme of the invention: three receiving probes in the measuring probe are uniformly arranged around the transmitting probe in an encircling manner at equal intervals.
As a further scheme of the invention: the digital ultrasonic instrument adopts a digital circuit power supply as a power supply source of each functional circuit on the ultrasonic signal sampling processing circuit board, and the design complexity of the digital ultrasonic instrument lies in that the functions of a digital circuit system are numerous, the requirements of the working voltage values of components are different, and the power consumption of each part of the circuit also needs to be considered comprehensively. In addition, the ultrasonic signal sampling processing circuit board is provided with a high-speed AD conversion circuit and a DA conversion circuit, so the circuit board actually belongs to a digital-analog hybrid circuit board, wherein the performance of the high-speed AD conversion circuit determines the quality of the whole measuring performance of the digital ultrasonic instrument, and the power supply of the high-speed AD conversion circuit needs to be designed elaborately, so the design of a digital circuit power supply is complex compared with that of an ultrasonic circuit power supply.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention adopts the measuring probe which is formed by surrounding three receiving probes around the transmitting probe, the transmitting probe transmits multi-frequency pulses, the three receiving probes receive ultrasonic waves, the digital ultrasonic instrument distinguishes and compares three echo signals with the transmitted ultrasonic signals, obtains the water flow speed of each signal according to the deviation value of the ultrasonic signal frequency, and finally controls the measuring probe to axially move and circumferentially rotate on the outer wall of the pipeline, so that the multi-position and multi-angle speed measurement can be realized in a section of pipeline, the average value of the water flow speed measured in the section of pipeline is obtained, the problem that the error of the detection result is larger due to the influence of the ultrasonic attenuation caused by the single position of the pipeline or the corrosion and the thinning of the pipeline is avoided, and the water flow speed can be accurately and objectively judged by a plurality of groups of data collected at a plurality of angles and positions, the detection result is more objective and stable;
2. according to the invention, three receiving probes are adopted to collect three paths of echo signals, three paths of detection data can be obtained in the same detection and collection process, then the water flow speed of the position is calculated through a speed vector synthesis algorithm, and the digital ultrasonic instrument realizes data connection with an external control terminal through an Ethernet transceiver circuit, so that the detection data can be ensured to be quickly transmitted to an external computer, the detection data can be quickly processed, and a worker can conveniently observe the detection result in time;
3. the invention realizes the measurement of the water velocity by adopting the frequency difference method, the temperature has larger influence on the propagation velocity of sound in water, and the frequency difference method does not need to introduce the propagation velocity of sound in water, so the influence of the water velocity at different temperatures on the frequency difference method is smaller, the invention can be suitable for the detection of the water velocity at various temperatures, and the precision of the detection result is ensured to a certain extent.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example (b): the utility model provides an ultrasonic method of real-time measurement three-dimensional speed of water flow, based on the ultrasonic speed measurement technique, through control measuring probe axial displacement and circumferential direction outside the pipe wall, realize the ultrasonic wave to the detection of the many positions of water flow velocity and multiple angle in the pipeline, in order to obtain the water flow velocity of the different positions in the pipeline and the water flow velocity that the different angle measurement of same position obtained, finally carry out vector synthesis through the speed of the same angle of same position and obtain the three-dimensional vector value of water flow velocity, and the three-dimensional vector value of the water flow velocity of the different angle of same position is handled and is obtained single average value, later handle the water flow velocity average value of a plurality of positions and obtain whole average value, then can obtain the result that the water flow measured the speed, including:
selecting a measuring probe with proper parameters according to the diameter and the wall thickness of a measuring pipeline, connecting the measuring probe with a digital ultrasonic instrument, and placing the measuring probe on the outer wall of the pipeline, wherein the measuring probe consists of four probes, a transmitting probe and three receiving probes, the transmitting probe is placed in the middle, and the three receiving probes surround the transmitting probe;
step two, the transmitting probe directly transmits ultrasonic waves, the ultrasonic waves are special multi-frequency pulses, and the multi-frequency pulses are formed by arranging and combining ultrasonic pulse signals with various frequencies;
step three, the three receiving probes simultaneously receive the ultrasonic waves transmitted by the transmitting probe to obtain three paths of echo signals, and a digital ultrasonic instrument is used for simultaneously receiving the three paths of echo signals;
step four, identifying and comparing the echo signals with the transmitting signals, calculating the frequency deviation value of each path of receiving signals by finding out the change condition of the ultrasonic signals with specific composite frequency, and converting the water flow velocity represented by each path of signals according to the frequency deviation value of each path of signals, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein f is0Transmitting frequency, f, of ultrasonic waves for transmitting the probe1Receiving the frequency of the ultrasonic wave received by the probe, v is the velocity of water flow in the pipeline, L is the propagation distance of the ultrasonic wave in the fluid, and fdThe difference value of the ultrasonic transmitting frequency and the ultrasonic receiving frequency is obtained;
step five, synthesizing the speeds of the three signals into an actual water flow three-dimensional vector value by using a speed vector synthesis algorithm to obtain a three-dimensional water flow speed measurement result;
step six, controlling the measuring probe to rotate for a circle on the outer side of the pipe wall along the circumferential direction, stopping once every sixty degrees in the rotating process of the measuring probe, then measuring the water flow speed of the position by the measuring probe, measuring to obtain six groups of measuring data after the measuring probe rotates for a circle, and repeating the calculation mode on the measuring data to obtain six groups of water flow speed measuring results, v and v, of the same measuring position1、v2、v3、v4、v5And processing the measurement result to obtain a single average value, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein v isdThe water flow speed at the same position is a single average value;
and step seven, controlling the measuring probe to move axially, stopping once every ten centimeters of movement of the measuring probe in the moving process, then repeating the process in the step six to obtain a single average value of the water flow speed, stopping six times in the moving process of the measuring probe, measuring to obtain six groups of data, and then repeating the calculation formula in the step six to obtain a final overall average value, wherein the overall average value is the result of water flow speed measurement.
The ultrasonic wave generating process adopts an ultrasonic excitation signal generating circuit to receive transmitted waveform information input by a waveform signal source, utilizes a power amplifying circuit to convert the energy of an ultrasonic power supply into a high-voltage power waveform signal, and outputs the high-voltage power waveform signal to an ultrasonic transmitting probe, so that the ultrasonic transmitting probe generates a signal pulse appointed by the waveform signal source, and the ultrasonic transmitting probe adopts an ultrasonic excitation circuit high-voltage power supply which is used for generating a high-voltage power supply required by the ultrasonic excitation signal generating circuit.
The ultrasonic echo signal amplifying circuit is a core design part of an ultrasonic signal transmitting, receiving and amplifying circuit board, and provides the functions of low noise, broadband, controllable and high-gain amplification of ultrasonic echo signals.
The main body of the digital ultrasonic instrument is designed into a form of simultaneously detecting 4 paths of parallel ultrasonic signals in real time, so that the ultrasonic echo signal amplifying circuit is also designed into a form of independently amplifying 4 paths in parallel, and due to the adoption of the design configuration of two stages of amplifying circuits, the layout and wiring area required by each path of ultrasonic echo signal amplifying circuit is very small, only about 33mm multiplied by 27mm, and the requirement of miniaturization of the design of the digital ultrasonic instrument is met.
And seventhly, keeping the initial position of the measuring probe the same when the measuring probe axially moves every time.
Three receiving probes in the measuring probes are uniformly arranged around the transmitting probe in an equidistant and surrounding manner.
The digital ultrasonic instrument adopts a digital circuit power supply as a power supply source of each functional circuit on the ultrasonic signal sampling processing circuit board, and the design complexity of the digital ultrasonic instrument lies in that the functions of a digital circuit system are numerous, the requirements of the working voltage values of components are different, and the power consumption of each part of the circuit also needs to be considered comprehensively. In addition, the ultrasonic signal sampling processing circuit board is provided with a high-speed AD conversion circuit and a DA conversion circuit, so the circuit board actually belongs to a digital-analog hybrid circuit board, wherein the performance of the high-speed AD conversion circuit determines the quality of the whole measuring performance of the digital ultrasonic instrument, and the power supply of the high-speed AD conversion circuit needs to be designed elaborately, so the design of a digital circuit power supply is complex compared with that of an ultrasonic circuit power supply.
In summary, in the present invention:
the invention adopts the measuring probe, the measuring probe is composed of three receiving probes which surround the emitting probe, after the emitting probe emits the multi-frequency pulse, the ultrasonic waves are received by the three receiving probes, the digital ultrasonic instrument carries out identification and comparison on the three echo signals and the transmitted ultrasonic signals, and obtaining the water flow velocity of each path of signal according to the deviation value of the ultrasonic signal frequency, finally controlling the measuring probe to axially move and circumferentially rotate on the outer wall of the pipeline, the speed measurement of multiposition and multi-angle can be realized carrying out to one section pipeline inside, reachs one section pipeline inside measurement's velocity of water average value at last, and it is great to avoid the pipeline single position corrosion to appear or pipeline material to dredge the error that influences ultrasonic attenuation and cause the testing result, and the multiunit data that multi-angle and a plurality of position were gathered can comparatively accurate objective judgement velocity of water, makes the testing result more objective stable.
According to the invention, three receiving probes are adopted to collect three paths of echo signals, three paths of detection data can be obtained in the same detection and collection process, then the water flow speed of the position is calculated through a speed vector synthesis algorithm, and the digital ultrasonic instrument realizes data connection with an external control terminal through an Ethernet transceiver circuit, so that the detection data can be ensured to be rapidly transmitted to an external computer, the detection data can be rapidly processed, and workers can conveniently observe the detection result in time.
The invention realizes the measurement of the water velocity by adopting the frequency difference method, the temperature has larger influence on the propagation velocity of sound in water, and the frequency difference method does not need to introduce the propagation velocity of sound in water, so the influence of the water velocity at different temperatures on the frequency difference method is smaller, the invention can be suitable for the detection of the water velocity at various temperatures, and the precision of the detection result is ensured to a certain extent.
The points to be finally explained are: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the general description and the specific embodiments, on the basis of the present invention, the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The ultrasonic method for measuring the three-dimensional speed of water flow in real time is characterized in that based on an ultrasonic speed measurement technology, the detection of multiple positions and multiple angles of the water flow speed inside a pipeline by ultrasonic waves is realized by controlling a measuring probe to axially move and circumferentially rotate outside a pipe wall, so that the water flow speeds at different positions inside the pipeline and the water flow speeds measured at different angles at the same position are obtained, finally, the three-dimensional vector values of the water flow speeds are obtained by carrying out vector synthesis on the speeds at the same position and at the same angle, the three-dimensional vector values of the water flow speeds at different angles at the same position are processed to obtain a single average value, then, the average values of the water flow speeds at multiple positions are processed to obtain an overall average value, and then, the result of water flow speed measurement can be:
selecting a measuring probe with proper parameters according to the diameter and the wall thickness of a measuring pipeline, connecting the measuring probe with a digital ultrasonic instrument, and placing the measuring probe on the outer wall of the pipeline, wherein the measuring probe consists of four probes, a transmitting probe and three receiving probes, the transmitting probe is placed in the middle, and the three receiving probes surround the transmitting probe;
step two, the transmitting probe directly transmits ultrasonic waves, the ultrasonic waves are special multi-frequency pulses, and the multi-frequency pulses are formed by arranging and combining ultrasonic pulse signals with various frequencies;
step three, the three receiving probes simultaneously receive the ultrasonic waves transmitted by the transmitting probe to obtain three paths of echo signals, and a digital ultrasonic instrument is used for simultaneously receiving the three paths of echo signals;
step four, identifying and comparing the echo signals with the transmitting signals, calculating the frequency deviation value of each path of receiving signals by finding out the change condition of the ultrasonic signals with specific composite frequency, and converting the water flow velocity represented by each path of signals according to the frequency deviation value of each path of signals, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
fd＝f1-fo,
wherein f is0Transmitting frequency, f, of ultrasonic waves for transmitting the probe1Receiving the frequency of the ultrasonic wave received by the probe, v is the velocity of water flow in the pipeline, L is the propagation distance of the ultrasonic wave in the fluid, and fdThe difference value of the ultrasonic transmitting frequency and the ultrasonic receiving frequency is obtained;
step five, synthesizing the speeds of the three signals into an actual water flow three-dimensional vector value by using a speed vector synthesis algorithm to obtain a three-dimensional water flow speed measurement result;
step six, controlling the measuring probe to rotate for a circle on the outer side of the pipe wall along the circumferential direction, stopping once every sixty degrees in the rotating process of the measuring probe, then measuring the water flow speed of the position by the measuring probe, measuring to obtain six groups of measuring data after the measuring probe rotates for a circle, and repeating the calculation mode on the measuring data to obtain six groups of water flow speed measuring results, v and v, of the same measuring position1、v2、v3、v4、v5And processing the measurement result to obtain a single average value, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein v isdThe water flow speed at the same position is a single average value;
and step seven, controlling the measuring probe to move axially, stopping once every ten centimeters of movement of the measuring probe in the moving process, then repeating the process in the step six to obtain a single average value of the water flow speed, stopping six times in the moving process of the measuring probe, measuring to obtain six groups of data, and then repeating the calculation formula in the step six to obtain a final overall average value, wherein the overall average value is the result of water flow speed measurement.
2. The ultrasonic method for measuring the three-dimensional speed of the water flow in real time according to claim 1, wherein: in the seventh step, the initial position of the measuring probe is kept the same each time the measuring probe moves axially.
3. The ultrasonic method for measuring the three-dimensional speed of the water flow in real time according to claim 1, wherein: three receiving probes in the measuring probe are uniformly arranged around the transmitting probe in an encircling manner at equal intervals.
4. The ultrasonic method for measuring the three-dimensional speed of the water flow in real time according to claim 1, wherein: the digital ultrasonic instrument adopts a digital circuit power supply as a power supply source of each functional circuit on the ultrasonic signal sampling processing circuit board, and the design complexity of the digital ultrasonic instrument lies in that the functions of a digital circuit system are numerous, the requirements of the working voltage values of components are different, and the power consumption of each part of the circuit also needs to be considered comprehensively. In addition, the ultrasonic signal sampling processing circuit board is provided with a high-speed AD conversion circuit and a DA conversion circuit, so the circuit board actually belongs to a digital-analog hybrid circuit board, wherein the performance of the high-speed AD conversion circuit determines the quality of the whole measuring performance of the digital ultrasonic instrument, and the power supply of the high-speed AD conversion circuit needs to be designed elaborately, so the design of a digital circuit power supply is complex compared with that of an ultrasonic circuit power supply.
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| CA2465256A1 (en) * | 2001-10-26 | 2003-05-01 | The Tokyo Electric Power Company, Incorporated | Doppler ultrasonic flowmeter |
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