CN113092576B - Metal magnetic memory detection device under weak magnetic field excitation and application method thereof - Google Patents
Metal magnetic memory detection device under weak magnetic field excitation and application method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a metal magnetic memory detection device under weak magnetic field excitation and a use method thereof, belonging to the technical field of metal magnetic memory nondestructive detection. Comprises a probe, a shell and a PC end; the probe is nested in the shell, the probe and the shell are made of nonferromagnetic materials, a plurality of compression springs are arranged between the probe and the shell, and the probe can axially move in the shell; the three-axis magnetic resistance sensor array, the circuit board and the excitation magnetic yoke are arranged in the probe, the three-axis magnetic resistance sensor array is arranged in the end plate of the probe, the excitation magnetic yoke surrounds the three-axis magnetic resistance sensor array, the coil is wound on the excitation magnetic yoke, the three-axis magnetic resistance sensor array and the coil are connected with the circuit board, and the circuit board is connected with the PC end through the wiring harness. The invention improves the condition that the traditional magnetic memory detection signal is weaker, highlights the characteristic of the magnetic memory detection signal, and realizes the rapid detection of the stress concentration state in the early stage of the work piece in service; meanwhile, the probe detection surface can be fully attached to the surface of the workpiece, and the detection efficiency and accuracy are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal magnetic memory nondestructive detection, and relates to a metal magnetic memory detection device under weak magnetic field excitation and a use method thereof.
Background
The usual nondestructive testing of ferromagnetic metallic materials can only be used to effectively detect macroscopic defects formed in equipment and components. The metal magnetic memory detection method can be used for comprehensively evaluating the stress state of the member according to the combination of the magnetic field characteristic, the metal quality characteristic and the actual running condition of the detected member under the action of the geomagnetic field in the workpiece stress concentration area. The technology has the outstanding advantages of having an early warning function and being capable of rapidly and accurately diagnosing stress concentration, early failure, damage and the like of the ferromagnetic metal component.
In the traditional metal magnetic memory detection, a workpiece is weak in magnetic signal under the action of an environmental magnetic field, namely a geomagnetic field (the magnetic field strength of the geomagnetic field is within 40A/m), and the signal characteristics are not obvious. Meanwhile, due to the fact that the surface condition of the workpiece is complex, the probe cannot be well attached to the surface of the workpiece all the time during actual operation, signals are lost, and detection is affected.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention aims to provide a metal magnetic memory detection device under weak magnetic field excitation and a use method thereof, which improve the condition that the traditional magnetic memory detection signal is weak, highlight the characteristics of the magnetic memory detection signal and realize the rapid detection of the stress concentration state of the in-service workpiece in the early stage; meanwhile, the probe detection surface can be fully attached to the surface of the workpiece, the surface condition of the workpiece is self-adaptive, signal loss caused by lifting of the probe is avoided, and the detection efficiency and accuracy are improved.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
The invention discloses a metal magnetic memory detection device under weak magnetic field excitation, which comprises a probe, a shell and a PC end; the probe is nested in the shell, the probe and the shell are made of nonferromagnetic materials, a plurality of compression springs are arranged between the probe and the shell, and the probe can axially move in the shell; the three-axis magnetic resistance sensor array, the circuit board and the excitation magnetic yoke are arranged in the probe, the three-axis magnetic resistance sensor array is arranged in the end plate of the probe, the excitation magnetic yoke surrounds the three-axis magnetic resistance sensor array, the coil is wound on the excitation magnetic yoke, the three-axis magnetic resistance sensor array and the coil are connected with the circuit board, and the circuit board is connected with the PC end through the wiring harness.
Preferably, the three-axis magnetic resistance sensor array comprises a plurality of three-axis magnetic resistance sensors which are arranged along oblique offset, and each three-axis magnetic resistance sensor is connected with the PC end through an independent signal line in the wiring harness.
Further preferably, the number of the three-axis magneto-resistive sensors in the three-axis magneto-resistive sensor array is 4 to 8.
Preferably, the distance between the three-axis magnetic resistance sensor array and the surface of the workpiece is less than or equal to 1mm.
Preferably, the excitation yoke is a crisscross yoke, and the three-axis magnetoresistive sensor array is disposed at the center of 4 magnetic feet of the excitation yoke.
Preferably, a plurality of compression springs are uniformly distributed between the probe and the housing.
Preferably, a plurality of sliding strips and sliding grooves parallel to the axis of the probe are arranged between the probe and the shell.
Preferably, the housing is provided with a plurality of vent holes.
Preferably, a limiting structure is arranged between the probe and the shell.
The application method of the metal magnetic memory detection device under the excitation of the weak magnetic field disclosed by the invention comprises the following steps:
The coil is electrified, and the excitation magnetic yoke generates an excitation magnetic field; the device is calibrated by adopting the same material standard tensile reference blocks with different loading loads, and an alarm threshold value is set; the probe detects on the surface of the workpiece, and the probe can adapt to the surface condition of the workpiece through the compression spring between the probe and the shell; in the detection range of the three-axis magnetic resistance sensor array, the magnetic signal of the transverse direction of the workpiece, which is obtained by detection, is Hp (x), the magnetic signal of the longitudinal direction of the workpiece, which is obtained by detection of the sensor, is Hp (y), and the magnetic signal of the vertical direction of the workpiece, which is obtained by detection of the sensor, is Hp (z); the obtained signals are transmitted to a PC end through a wire collecting harness for processing;
maximum magnetic memory signal tangential component
And when the maximum value of the tangential component exceeds the alarm threshold value and the zero crossing characteristic of the normal component occurs, judging that stress concentration exists at the zero crossing characteristic.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
the traditional magnetic memory detection is geomagnetic field excitation, under the action of the external magnetic field, the magnetic conductivity of the material is in a very active range, and under the action of stress, one or positive or negative 'equivalent field' is superimposed on the material, so that the magnetic conductivity value fluctuates, and the magnetic memory signal and the geomagnetic field signal are in the same order of magnitude.
The metal magnetic memory detection device under the weak magnetic field excitation disclosed by the invention breaks through the limitation that the existing magnetic memory detection method simply adopts a natural geomagnetic field as a magnetic excitation source, adopts a magnetic yoke which is additionally arranged in a probe to carry out manual magnetization, and properly strengthens external field excitation so as to effectively inhibit the influence of interference factors and highlight the magnetic memory signal characteristics of stress concentration and defects. The compression spring between the probe and the shell can enable the probe detection surface to be fully attached to the surface of the workpiece, adapt to the surface condition of the workpiece, and avoid signal loss caused by lifting of the probe. The invention has reasonable structural design, effectively improves the detection efficiency and accuracy, and has good application prospect.
Further, the three-axis magnetic resistance sensor array comprises a plurality of three-axis magnetic resistance sensors which are arranged along oblique offset, so that missed detection in all directions can be avoided, and the effective scanning area is multiple times of that of a single channel at one time, so that the efficiency is high. Each three-axis magnetic resistance sensor is connected with the PC end through an independent signal wire in the wiring harness, magnetic signals detected by each three-axis magnetic resistance sensor can be displayed independently, and abnormal positions can be positioned rapidly according to detection results of each independent display sensor.
Furthermore, the number of the three-axis magnetic resistance sensors in the three-axis magnetic resistance sensor array is 4-8, the effective coverage area of one-time scanning can be multiple times of that of a single detection sensor, and the detection efficiency is effectively improved.
Further, the distance between the triaxial magnetic resistance sensor array and the surface of the workpiece is less than or equal to 1mm, the phenomenon that excitation intensity is insufficient due to overlarge lifting distance is avoided, and the detection sensor cannot effectively pick up magnetic signals on the surface of the workpiece.
Furthermore, the exciting magnetic yoke adopts a crisscross magnetic yoke, so that a uniform exciting magnetic field can be generated on the surface of the workpiece transversely and longitudinally.
Further, the plurality of compression springs are uniformly distributed between the probe and the shell, so that the probe is uniformly stressed when moving, and is not easy to deviate.
Furthermore, a plurality of sliding bars and sliding grooves parallel to the axis of the probe are arranged between the probe and the shell, so that the probe moves along the axis without deflection.
Further, the shell is provided with a plurality of exhaust holes, so that the blocking caused by the piston effect during the movement of the probe is avoided, and the operation is prevented from being influenced.
Further, a limiting structure is arranged between the probe and the shell, so that the compression spring failure caused by overlarge compression amount of the compression spring due to overlarge stroke of the probe is avoided.
The application method of the metal magnetic memory detection device under the excitation of the weak magnetic field disclosed by the invention is simple and convenient to operate, has strong applicability and can obviously improve the working efficiency; the operation is simple, and the experience and skill level of operators are not relied on; the efficiency and the accuracy of detection are effectively improved, and the method has good application prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a crisscross yoke according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic layout of a three-axis magnetoresistive sensor array according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of the three-dimensional magnetic memory signal Hp (xy) of the present invention under various loads;
FIG. 5 is a schematic representation of the three-dimensional magnetic memory signal Hp (z) of the present invention under various loads.
In the figure, 1 is a three-axis magnetic resistance sensor array, 2 is a circuit board, 3 is an excitation magnetic yoke, 4 is a coil, 5 is a probe, 6 is a shell, 7 is a compression spring, 8 is a tail plug, 9 is a wiring harness, and 10 is a PC end.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawings and examples:
Referring to FIG. 1, the device for detecting metal magnetic memory under weak magnetic field excitation of the invention comprises a probe 5, a shell 6 and a PC end 10; the probe 5 is nested in the shell 6, the probe 5 and the shell 6 are made of nonferromagnetic materials, a plurality of compression springs 7 are arranged between the probe 5 and the shell 6, and the probe 5 can axially move in the shell 6; the three-axis magnetic resistance sensor array 1, the circuit board 2 and the excitation magnetic yoke 3 are arranged in the probe 5, the three-axis magnetic resistance sensor array 1 is arranged in the end plate of the probe 5, the excitation magnetic yoke 3 surrounds the three-axis magnetic resistance sensor array 1, the coil 4 is wound on the excitation magnetic yoke 3, the three-axis magnetic resistance sensor array 1 and the coil 4 are connected with the circuit board 2, and the circuit board 2 is connected with the PC end 10 through the wiring harness 9.
For the shape of the probe 5 and the shell 6, one scheme is that the probe 5 and the shell 6 are both cylindrical in outline, a shoulder is arranged in the middle of the probe 5, the upper side of the shell 6 is open, an inward turned circumferential flanging is arranged, the probe 5 is nested in the shell 6, and relative movement of the probe 5 and the shell 6 is realized through the shoulder of the probe 5 and the circumferential flanging of the shell 6. One proposal is that the probe 5 adopts a polyhedron with a T-shaped section, the shell 6 is a hollow cuboid with an opening at the upper part, the edge of the opening is turned inwards, and the relative movement of the two parts can be realized.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the bottom of the housing 6 is provided with a tail plug 8, and two ends of the tail plug 8 are respectively connected with the circuit board 2 and the collector harness 9.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the three-axis magnetoresistive sensor array 1 comprises a plurality of three-axis magnetoresistive sensors arranged in an obliquely offset manner, each of which is connected to the PC terminal 10 via a separate signal line in the cluster 9. Generally, the number of the three-axis magneto-resistive sensors in the three-axis magneto-resistive sensor array 1 is set to 4 to 8.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the distance between the triaxial magneto-resistive sensor array 1 and the surface of the workpiece is less than or equal to 1mm; the distance is the gap between the surface of the triaxial magneto-resistive sensor array 1 and the end plate of the probe 5 plus the thickness of the end plate of the probe 5.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, the excitation yoke 3 is a cross-shaped yoke, and the three-axis magnetoresistive sensor array 1 is disposed at the center of 4 magnetic feet of the excitation yoke 3.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, several compression springs 7 are evenly distributed between the probe 5 and the housing 6.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a plurality of slides and runners parallel to the axis of the probe 5 are provided between the probe 5 and the housing 6. A sliding bar can be arranged on the outer wall of the probe 5, and a sliding groove is arranged on the inner wall of the shell 6; a slide bar can be arranged on the outer wall of the shell 6, and a chute can be arranged on the inner wall of the probe 5. Preferably, the sliding strips and the sliding grooves are symmetrically arranged in pairs.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a plurality of vent holes are provided in the housing 6.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a limiting structure, such as a limiting block or a limiting bar, is provided between the probe 5 and the housing 6.
The invention is further illustrated by the following example:
in the embodiment, the excitation magnetic yoke 3 adopts a ferrite crisscross magnetic yoke, and four magnetic feet are attached to an end plate of an acrylic probe 5 with the thickness of 0.3 mm; the exciting yoke 3 does not produce a magnetic field (magnetic force line) per se, plays a role of magnetic line transmission in a magnetic circuit, a winding coil is electrified to produce a magnetic field, four magnetic legs of the crisscross yoke and a member to be tested form a magnetic loop, and an exciting magnetic field is produced in a workpiece.
The detection sensors are square three-axis magnetic resistance sensors, so that the transverse (X-axis), longitudinal (Y-axis) and vertical (Z-axis) multi-directional magnetic field intensity on the surface of a workpiece can be accurately picked up, and 4 detection sensors are arranged at the bottom of the probe in a staggered manner to form a three-axis magnetic resistance sensor array 1, as shown in fig. 3. The detection effective coverage area is the sum of the side length superposition lengths of the detection sensors, and obvious marks are made at the outer shell of the probe 5. One surface of the single sensor is welded on the circuit board 2 through 16 pins, and the other surface of the single sensor is attached to an end plate of the acrylic probe 5 with the thickness of 0.3 mm.
The magnetic signal in the transverse direction (X axis) of the workpiece detected by the three-axis magnetic resistance sensor array 1 is Hp (X), the magnetic signal in the longitudinal direction (Y axis) of the workpiece detected by the three-axis magnetic resistance sensor array 1 is Hp (Y), and the magnetic signal in the vertical direction (Z axis) of the workpiece detected by the three-axis magnetic resistance sensor array is Hp (Z).
The magnetic signals Hp (x) and Hp (y) on the surface of the workpiece are tangential components, and vector synthesis is carried out on the tangential components Hp (x) and Hp (y) to obtain the largest magnetic memory signal tangential component Hp (xy).
According to the metal magnetic memory detection mechanism, tangential components reach the maximum value at the stress concentration position of the ferromagnetic component, normal component zero crossing point characteristics appear, and when the stress reaches a certain value for a certain ferromagnetic steel workpiece, three-dimensional components Hp (xy) and Hp (z) of a magnetic memory signal in the stress concentration region are shown as a graph 5 in FIG. 4. When the scanning is performed to a position of 25mm, the tangential component Hp (xy) has obvious maximum value characteristics, the normal component Hp (z) has obvious zero crossing point characteristics, the point is judged to be a stress concentration position, and the extreme values of the tangential component and the normal component are increased along with the increase of the load.
The 4 triaxial magneto-resistive sensors in the triaxial magneto-resistive sensor array 1 can independently and simultaneously output signals of a normal component and a tangential component of a magnetic memory signal, and the signals are independently displayed in a window at the PC end 10.
And scanning the same-material standard tensile reference test blocks with different loading loads by using the probe 5, recording the characteristics and the numerical values of magnetic memory detection signals under different loads, setting an adjustable alarm threshold, judging that the detected workpiece has stress concentration at the position when the tangential component of the actually detected workpiece has maximum value characteristics, the maximum value exceeds the threshold and the normal component has zero crossing point characteristics, and carrying out subsequent stress relief treatment.
It should be noted that the foregoing description is only one of the embodiments of the present invention, and all equivalent modifications of the system described in the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can substitute the described specific examples in a similar way without departing from the structure of the invention or exceeding the scope of the invention as defined by the claims, all falling within the scope of protection of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. The metal magnetic memory detection device under the excitation of a weak magnetic field is characterized by comprising a probe (5), a shell (6) and a PC end (10); the probe (5) is nested in the shell (6), the probe (5) and the shell (6) are made of nonferromagnetic materials, a plurality of compression springs (7) are arranged between the probe (5) and the shell (6), the probe (5) can axially move in the shell (6), and a plurality of sliding strips and sliding grooves which are parallel to the axis of the probe (5) are arranged between the probe (5) and the shell (6); the three-axis magnetic resistance sensor array (1), the circuit board (2) and the excitation magnetic yoke (3) are arranged in the probe (5), the three-axis magnetic resistance sensor array (1) is arranged in the end plate of the probe (5), the excitation magnetic yoke (3) surrounds the three-axis magnetic resistance sensor array (1), the excitation magnetic yoke (3) is a crisscross magnetic yoke, the three-axis magnetic resistance sensor array (1) is arranged in the center of 4 magnetic feet of the excitation magnetic yoke (3), the coil (4) is wound on the excitation magnetic yoke (3), the three-axis magnetic resistance sensor array (1) and the coil (4) are connected with the circuit board (2), and the circuit board (2) is connected with the PC end (10) through the wire collecting bundle (9).
2. The device for metal magnetic memory detection under weak magnetic field excitation according to claim 1, wherein the three-axis magnetic resistance sensor array (1) comprises a plurality of three-axis magnetic resistance sensors which are arranged along an oblique offset, and each three-axis magnetic resistance sensor is connected with the PC end (10) through an independent signal line in the wiring harness (9).
3. The device for detecting metal magnetic memory under the excitation of a weak magnetic field according to claim 2, wherein the number of the three-axis magnetic resistance sensors in the three-axis magnetic resistance sensor array (1) is 4-8.
4. The device for detecting metal magnetic memory under the excitation of a weak magnetic field according to claim 1, wherein the distance between the triaxial magneto-resistive sensor array (1) and the surface of the workpiece is less than or equal to 1mm.
5. The device for detecting metal magnetic memory under the excitation of a weak magnetic field according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of compression springs (7) are uniformly distributed between the probe (5) and the housing (6).
6. The device for detecting metal magnetic memory under the excitation of a weak magnetic field according to claim 1, wherein the shell (6) is provided with a plurality of exhaust holes.
7. The device for detecting metal magnetic memory under the excitation of a weak magnetic field according to claim 1, wherein a limiting structure is arranged between the probe (5) and the housing (6).
8. The method of using a device for detecting metal magnetic memory under excitation of a weak magnetic field according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising:
The coil (4) is electrified, and the excitation magnetic yoke (3) generates an excitation magnetic field; the device is calibrated by adopting the same material standard tensile reference blocks with different loading loads, and an alarm threshold value is set; the probe (5) detects the surface of the workpiece, and the probe (5) can adapt to the surface condition of the workpiece through a compression spring (7) between the probe (5) and the shell (6); in the detection range of the three-axis magnetic resistance sensor array (1), the transverse direction magnetic signal of the workpiece detected is Hp (x), the longitudinal direction magnetic signal of the workpiece detected by the sensor is Hp (y), and the vertical direction magnetic signal of the workpiece detected by the sensor is Hp (z); the obtained signals are transmitted to a circuit board (2) through a wire collecting harness (9) and then are transmitted to a PC end (10) for processing;
maximum magnetic memory signal tangential component
And when the maximum value of the tangential component exceeds the alarm threshold value and the zero crossing characteristic of the normal component occurs, judging that stress concentration exists at the zero crossing characteristic.
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