CN113092530B - Device and method for measuring compression dew point of gas moisture content - Google Patents
Device and method for measuring compression dew point of gas moisture content Download PDFInfo
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- CN113092530B CN113092530B CN202110639097.0A CN202110639097A CN113092530B CN 113092530 B CN113092530 B CN 113092530B CN 202110639097 A CN202110639097 A CN 202110639097A CN 113092530 B CN113092530 B CN 113092530B
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
- G01N25/56—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating moisture content
- G01N25/66—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating moisture content by investigating dew-point
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of testing or analyzing materials by means of determining chemical or physical properties of the materials, and particularly relates to a compression dew point measuring device and method for gas moisture content. The invention provides a portable, rapid and accurate device and method for measuring the moisture content of target gas, which have the advantages of simple structure, strong operability, wide application range, low requirement on operators, no need of maintenance, strong pollution resistance and capability of realizing accurate measurement of the moisture content of gas.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of testing or analyzing materials by means of determining chemical or physical properties of the materials, and particularly relates to a device and a method for measuring a compression dew point of gas moisture content.
Background
There are three general ways of expressing air humidity, the first being absolute humidity, which represents the mass of water vapor contained in each cubic meter of air, in kilograms per cubic meter; second is the moisture content, which represents the mass of water vapor contained per kilogram of dry air, in kilograms per kilogram (dry air); the third is relative humidity, which represents the ratio of the absolute humidity of the air to the absolute humidity of the saturated air at the same temperature, the value being a percentage.
The air humidity has important influence on the aspects of article storage, agriculture and forestry, building construction, mechanical design, human health and the like, so that the accurate measurement of the air humidity has great significance for production and life. Currently, methods for measuring air humidity include a wet-dry bulb thermometer method, a cold mirror (condensing) method, a mechanical method, an electronic sensor measurement method, and the like. The wet-dry bulb hygrometer device is simpler, has lower cost, is not suitable for being used under the condition of lower than 0 ℃, and has poor pollution resistance. The cold mirror (condensing) method measures through a cold mirror dew point instrument, the instrument is relatively stable and has no drift, the measuring result is relatively accurate, the precision can reach +/-0.1 ℃, but the instrument is expensive, a cold source is needed, the requirement on an operator is high, the maintenance is needed, and the instrument is sensitive to pollutants. Mechanical hygrometers are inexpensive, insensitive to most contaminants, permanently recordable, but prone to drift, slow response, and transportation or shock can destroy their performance. The electronic sensor method belongs to indirect measurement, is sensitive to pollutants, has poor pollution resistance and is not suitable for low-humidity environment.
Therefore, there is a need to provide an improved solution to the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device and a method for measuring a compression dew point of gas moisture content.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a compression dew point measuring device for gas moisture content, which comprises:
the cylinder is a cylindrical closed container;
the piston is arranged in the cylinder, one side of the interior of the cylinder, which corresponds to the piston, is a measurement area of gas to be measured, and the piston is driven to move towards the measurement area so as to compress the gas to be measured in the measurement area;
the breather pipe is arranged at one end, opposite to the piston, of the cylinder, is communicated with the interior of the cylinder and is used for exhausting or intaking the measuring area;
the light source detection mechanism comprises a light source and a photoreceptor, the light source is arranged on the side part of the cylinder and is opposite to the measurement area, the photoreceptor and the light source are symmetrically distributed relative to the cylinder, and the photoreceptor is used for receiving light rays from the light source and penetrating through the measurement area;
the pressure sensor is arranged on the inner wall of the measuring area and used for detecting the pressure of the gas to be detected in the cylinder;
and the control system is in communication connection with the pressure sensor, the light source and the photoreceptor.
The compressed dew point measuring device for gas moisture content as described above is preferably provided with a stop valve on the vent pipe.
The device for measuring the compression dew point of the gas moisture content is preferably provided with a temperature sensor in the cylinder, and the temperature sensor is in communication connection with the control system.
The compressed dew point measuring device for gas moisture content as described above preferably has a piston rod provided on the piston, the piston rod extending in the axial direction of the cylinder, and a push handle provided on the extending portion.
The compression dew point measuring device for the moisture content in the gas is characterized in that a piston rod is arranged on the piston, the piston rod extends out along the axial direction of the cylinder, and the piston rod is driven by a motor to enable the piston to move in the cylinder in a reciprocating manner;
the motor is in communication connection with the control system, and the control system controls the forward rotation or the reverse rotation of the motor and the rotating speed of the motor.
The compression dew point measuring device for gas moisture content as described above preferably has a transmission mechanism disposed between the piston rod and the output shaft of the motor, a threaded rod is disposed on the extending portion of the piston rod, the transmission mechanism includes a first gear, the first gear is in threaded connection with the threaded rod, and the first gear is controlled to rotate by the motor.
Preferably, the threaded rod is coaxially connected with the piston rod through a rolling bearing.
In the above-mentioned device for measuring the compression dew point of the moisture content in the gas, preferably, the first gear is in transmission connection with the motor through a second gear, the first gear is a helical gear, the second gear is a spur gear, and the piston propelling speed is controlled by controlling the gear rotation speed ratio between the first gear and the second gear and the rotation speed of the motor.
The compressed dew point measuring device for the moisture content of the gas is preferably characterized in that the cylinder is made of a transparent material.
The invention also provides a method for measuring the compression dew point of the moisture content of the gas, which comprises the following steps:
in step S1, the preparation work,
placing a compressed dew point measuring device for the moisture content of the gas in the gas to be measured, opening a stop valve, and pulling a push handle to suck the gas to be measured into the cylinder;
in step S2, the compression and detection,
closing the stop valve, opening the light source, compressing the gas to be detected in the cylinder by moving the piston rod, when fog appears in the cylinder or dew appears on the inner wall of the cylinder, the gas reaches a dew point, the illumination intensity received by the photoreceptor is suddenly reduced, the photoreceptor transmits a signal to the control system at the moment, the control system controls the pressure sensor and the temperature sensor to record the absolute pressure and the temperature of the gas to be detected in the cylinder after receiving the signal, and meanwhile, the piston stops pushing the compressed gas;
step S3, calculating the gas moisture content,
and calculating the moisture content of the gas according to the absolute pressure and the temperature of the gas to be measured in the cylinder at the dew point recorded in the step S2, wherein the calculation formula of the moisture content of the gas is as follows:
in the formula:
d is the moisture content of the gas to be measured;
0.622 is the ratio of the gas constants of dry air and water vapor;
psthe partial pressure of water vapor corresponding to the dew point;
and p is the absolute pressure of the air to be measured in the air cylinder.
In the method for measuring the compressed dew point of the moisture content of the gas as described above, preferably, in step S3, the dew point corresponds to the partial pressure p of water vaporsChecked by a saturated humid air gauge.
Has the advantages that:
the invention provides a compression dew point measuring device and method for gas moisture content, wherein the measuring device is placed in gas to be measured, the gas moisture content is measured by adopting the compressed gas, the gas to be measured in a cylinder is compressed by a piston, the piston stops moving when fog appears in the cylinder or the inner wall of the cylinder is exposed, and the absolute pressure of the gas to be measured in the cylinder is recorded in real time, so that the gas moisture content is calculated. The invention provides a portable, rapid and accurate device and method for measuring the moisture content of target gas, which have the advantages of simple structure, strong operability, wide application range, low requirement on operators, no need of maintenance, strong pollution resistance and capability of realizing accurate measurement of the moisture content of gas.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. Wherein:
fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the configuration of a compressed dew point measurement device for gas moisture content provided in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1-pushing the handle; 2-a threaded rod; 3-rolling bearings; 4-a piston; 5-air cylinder; 6-a light source; 7-a breather pipe; 8-a stop valve; 9-a first gear; 10-a second gear; 11-a motor; 12-a control system; 13-a pressure sensor; 14-a temperature sensor; 15-the photoreceptor.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings. The various examples are provided by way of explanation of the invention, and not limitation of the invention. In fact, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications and variations can be made in the present invention without departing from the scope or spirit thereof. For instance, features illustrated or described as part of one embodiment, can be used with another embodiment to yield a still further embodiment. It is therefore intended that the present invention encompass such modifications and variations as fall within the scope of the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
In the description of the present invention, the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, which are for convenience of description of the present invention only and do not require that the present invention must be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. The terms "connected," "connected," and "disposed" as used herein are intended to be broadly construed, and may include, for example, fixed and removable connections; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through intermediate components; the connection may be a wired electrical connection, a wireless electrical connection, or a wireless communication signal connection, and a person skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms according to specific situations.
As shown in fig. 1, the invention discloses a compressed dew point measuring device for gas moisture content, comprising:
the cylinder 5 is a cylindrical closed container.
And the piston 4 is arranged in the cylinder 5, one side of the inside of the cylinder 5, which corresponds to the piston 4, is a measurement area of the gas to be measured, and the piston 4 is driven to move towards the measurement area so as to compress the gas to be measured in the measurement area.
And the air pipe 7 is arranged at one end of the cylinder 5 opposite to the piston 4, is communicated with the inside of the cylinder 5 and is used for exhausting or intaking air in the measuring area.
The light source detection mechanism comprises a light source 6 arranged at the top of the cylinder 5 and a photoreceptor 15 arranged at the bottom of the cylinder 5, wherein the photoreceptor 15 and the light source 6 are symmetrically distributed relative to the cylinder 5, and the photoreceptor 15 is a correlation type photoelectric sensor and is used for receiving light rays from the light source 6 and penetrating through a measurement area, such as PZ2 series of Kernel company.
And the pressure sensor 13 is arranged on the inner wall of the measuring area and used for detecting the pressure of the gas in the cylinder 5.
And the control system 12 is in communication connection with the pressure sensor 13, the photoreceptor 15 and the light source 6, and receives signals of the photoreceptor 15, the pressure sensor 13 and the light source 6.
Further, in order to increase the accuracy of the detection process and prevent gas from overflowing in the test process, a stop valve 8 is arranged on the vent pipe 7.
Further, a temperature sensor 14 is provided in the cylinder 5. The temperature sensor 14 is a non-contact temperature sensor and is used for detecting the temperature change in the air cylinder 5 in the process of compressing the gas and the temperature of the gas to be detected when the gas is exposed, and the temperature sensor 14 is in communication connection with the control system 12.
In a specific embodiment, a piston rod is arranged on the piston 4, the piston rod extends out along the axial direction of the cylinder 5, a pushing handle 1 is arranged at the extending part and used for manually pushing the piston rod, so that the piston rod compresses gas in the cylinder 5, and the pushing speed of the piston 4 is controlled by manually controlling the speed of the pushing handle 1.
In another embodiment, the piston 4 is provided with a piston rod, the piston rod extends along the axial direction of the cylinder 5, the piston rod is driven by the motor 11 to make the piston 4 perform reciprocating movement in the cylinder 5, the motor 11 is in communication connection with the control system 12, and the control system 12 controls the operation of the motor 11, such as forward rotation or reverse rotation of the motor 11, the rotating speed of the motor 11, and the like.
Further, in order to more accurately control the propulsion of the piston 4, a transmission mechanism is arranged between the piston rod and an output shaft of the motor 11, the piston rod is controlled by the transmission mechanism to compress gas in the cylinder 5, a threaded rod 2 is arranged at the extending part of the piston rod, the threaded rod 2 is coaxially connected with the piston rod through a rolling bearing 3, the threaded rod 2 can rotate freely, the transmission mechanism comprises a first gear 9, the first gear 9 is in threaded connection with the threaded rod 2, a worm and gear transmission structure is arranged between the first gear 9 and the threaded rod 2, the first gear 9 is controlled by the motor 11 to rotate, the threaded rod 2 is controlled to rotate through the rotation of the first gear 9, and the piston rod is driven to move linearly in the cylinder 5. Through the setting of first gear 9, increase the precision of control to control when making compressed air more accurate.
Furthermore, in order to increase the transmission range of the motor 11, the first gear 9 is in transmission connection with the motor 11 through the second gear 10, the first gear 9 is a helical gear, and the second gear 10 is a spur gear. Specifically, the advancing speed of the piston 4 is controlled by controlling the gear rotation speed ratio between the first gear 9 and the second gear 10 and the rotation speed of the motor 11.
Further, the air cylinder 5 is made of a transparent material or a semitransparent material in order to observe the inside of the air cylinder 5 and facilitate the light passing through the air cylinder 5 to be received by the photoreceptor 15.
Further, all the interfaces of the cylinder body of the air cylinder 5 are sealed.
Further, the piston 4 is tightly attached to the inner wall of the cylinder 5, so that no gas flows out from the joint of the piston 4 and the inner wall of the cylinder 5.
The invention also discloses a method for measuring the compression dew point of the moisture content of the gas, which comprises the following steps:
step S1, preparation work.
The compressed dew point measuring device for the moisture content of the gas is placed in the air to be measured, and the stop valve 8 is opened, so that the air can enter and exit from the vent pipe 7.
The piston rod is pushed manually to enable the piston 4 to move from the leftmost end to the rightmost end of the air cylinder 5, original air in the air cylinder 5 is exhausted, then the pushing handle 1 is pulled to enable the piston 4 to move from the rightmost end to the leftmost end of the air cylinder 5, and air to be measured is sucked into the air cylinder 5.
Furthermore, in order to reduce the test error and improve the measurement accuracy, the above operations are repeated for 2-3 times.
And step S2, compressing and detecting.
The stop valve 8 is closed to prevent the gas in the cylinder 5 from overflowing from the vent pipe 7, the light source 6 is started, and the piston 4 compresses the gas in the cylinder 5 by moving the piston rod.
In one embodiment, the control system 12 adjusts the speed of the motor 11 to cause the piston 4 to move slowly to the right, compressing the air in the cylinder 5. Increasing the partial pressure of the water vapor while increasing the air pressure in the cylinder 5 to make the air reach a dew point, wherein when fog appears in the cylinder 5 or dew appears on the side wall of the cylinder 5, the illumination intensity received by the photoreceptor 15 is suddenly reduced, the photoreceptor 15 transmits a signal to the control system 12, the control system 12 receives the signal and then turns off the motor 11, the piston 4 stops pushing, and meanwhile, the control system 12 controls the pressure sensor 13 and the temperature sensor 14 to record the absolute pressure and the temperature of the air in the cylinder 5 when the air in the cylinder 5 is at the dew point.
In another embodiment, air in the cylinder 5 is compressed by adjusting the speed of the manual pushing handle 1 to slowly move the piston 4 to the right. When the air pressure in the cylinder 5 is increased and the partial pressure of the water vapor is increased at the same time, so that the air reaches a dew point, and at the moment, fog appears in the cylinder 5 or dew appears on the side wall of the cylinder 5, and when the illumination intensity received by the photoreceptor 15 suddenly decreases, the photoreceptor 15 transmits a signal to the control system 12, and after receiving the signal, the control system 12 controls the pressure sensor 13 and the temperature sensor 14 to record the absolute pressure and the temperature of the air in the cylinder 5 at the time of the dew point of the air, and at the moment, the pushing of the handle 1 is stopped.
Preferably, an alarm system is arranged in the control system 12, and the control system 12 controls the alarm system to give an alarm after receiving the signal of the photoreceptor 15, so as to remind the operator to stop pushing the pushing handle 1.
In step S3, the air moisture content is calculated.
The air moisture content is calculated from the absolute pressure and temperature of the air in the cylinder 5 at the dew point time recorded in step S2.
The air moisture content calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula:
d is the moisture content of the air to be measured, and the unit is kg/kg (dry air);
0.622 is the ratio of the gas constants of dry air and water vapor;
psthe partial pressure of the water vapor corresponding to the dew point is Pa;
and p is the absolute pressure of the air to be measured in the cylinder and has the unit of Pa.
The temperature of the wet air at the dew point measured by the temperature sensor 14 is measured, and the partial pressure p of water vapor corresponding to the dew point is determined according to the saturated wet air meter (see table 1)s。
ρ
max
=ρ
s
ρ s The density of water vapor in saturated humid air at the corresponding temperature T is referred to as "saturated water vapor density" for short. Within 2MPa, the water vapor pressure in saturated air can be approximately consideredp s And water vapor densityρ s Table 1 is a saturated humid air table, depending only on the temperature t of the humid air, regardless of the pressure of the humid air.
TABLE 1 saturated humid air meter
Passing watch1 the partial pressure p of water vapor corresponding to the dew pointsThe absolute pressure p of the air to be measured in the cylinder is obtained by measuring through the pressure sensor 13, and the air moisture content is calculated according to an air moisture content calculation formula.
In summary, the invention provides a device and a method for measuring a compression dew point of a gas moisture content, the device is placed in a gas to be measured, the gas moisture content is measured by adopting the compressed gas, the gas to be measured in a cylinder is compressed by a piston, the piston stops moving when fog appears in the cylinder or the inner wall of the cylinder is exposed, and the absolute pressure of the gas to be measured in the cylinder is recorded in real time, so that the gas moisture content is calculated. The invention provides a portable, rapid and accurate device and method for measuring the moisture content of target gas, which have the advantages of simple structure, strong operability, wide application range, low requirement on operators, no need of maintenance, strong pollution resistance and capability of realizing accurate measurement of the moisture content of gas.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (11)
1. A compressed dew point measurement device for gas moisture content comprising:
the cylinder is a cylindrical closed container;
the piston is arranged in the cylinder, one side of the interior of the cylinder, which corresponds to the piston, is a measurement area of gas to be measured, and the piston is driven to move towards the measurement area so as to compress the gas to be measured in the measurement area;
the breather pipe is arranged at one end, opposite to the piston, of the cylinder, is communicated with the interior of the cylinder and is used for exhausting or intaking the measuring area;
the light source detection mechanism comprises a light source and a photoreceptor, the light source is arranged on the side part of the cylinder and is opposite to the measurement area, the photoreceptor and the light source are symmetrically distributed relative to the cylinder, and the photoreceptor is used for receiving light rays from the light source and penetrating through the measurement area;
the pressure sensor is arranged on the inner wall of the measuring area and used for detecting the pressure of the gas to be detected in the cylinder;
and the control system is in communication connection with the pressure sensor, the light source and the photoreceptor.
2. The compressed dew point measurement device of claim 1 wherein a shut-off valve is provided on the vent pipe.
3. The compressed dew point measurement device of claim 2 wherein a temperature sensor is provided within said cylinder, said temperature sensor being in communication with said control system.
4. A compressed dew point measuring device for gas moisture content as claimed in claim 3 wherein the piston is provided with a piston rod extending axially of the cylinder and a push handle at the extended portion.
5. The compressed dew point measuring device of claim 1 wherein said piston is provided with a piston rod, said piston rod extending axially along said cylinder, said piston rod being driven by a motor to reciprocate said piston within said cylinder;
the motor is in communication connection with the control system, and the control system controls the forward rotation or the reverse rotation of the motor and the rotating speed of the motor.
6. The compressed dew point measuring device of claim 5 wherein a drive mechanism is provided between the piston rod and the output shaft of the motor, a threaded rod is provided on the extended portion of the piston rod, the drive mechanism includes a first gear, the first gear is in threaded connection with the threaded rod, and the first gear is controlled to rotate by the motor.
7. The compressed dew point measuring device of claim 6 wherein the threaded rod is coaxially connected to the piston rod by a rolling bearing.
8. The compression dew point measuring device of claim 7 wherein the first gear is drivingly connected to the motor via a second gear, the first gear is a helical gear, the second gear is a spur gear, and the piston advance speed is controlled by controlling the gear rotation speed ratio between the first gear and the second gear and the rotational speed of the motor.
9. The compressed dew point measuring device of claim 1 wherein said cylinder is made of a transparent material.
10. A method of compressed dew point measurement of gas moisture content, wherein the gas moisture content is measured by the measuring device of claim 4, comprising the steps of:
in step S1, the preparation work,
placing a compressed dew point measuring device for the moisture content of the gas in the gas to be measured, opening a stop valve, and pulling a push handle to suck the gas to be measured into the cylinder;
in step S2, the compression and detection,
closing the stop valve, opening the light source, compressing the gas to be detected in the cylinder by moving the piston rod, when fog appears in the cylinder or dew appears on the inner wall of the cylinder, the gas reaches a dew point, the illumination intensity received by the photoreceptor is suddenly reduced, the photoreceptor transmits a signal to the control system at the moment, the control system controls the pressure sensor and the temperature sensor to record the absolute pressure and the temperature of the gas to be detected in the cylinder after receiving the signal, and meanwhile, the piston stops pushing the compressed gas;
step S3, calculating the gas moisture content,
and calculating the moisture content of the gas according to the absolute pressure and the temperature of the gas to be measured in the cylinder at the dew point recorded in the step S2, wherein the calculation formula of the moisture content of the gas is as follows:
in the formula:
d is the moisture content of the gas to be measured;
0.622 is the ratio of the gas constants of dry air and water vapor;
psthe partial pressure of water vapor corresponding to the dew point;
and p is the absolute pressure of the air to be measured in the air cylinder.
11. Method for measuring the compressed dew point of gas moisture content according to claim 10, characterised in that in step S3 the dew point corresponds to the partial pressure p of water vapoursChecked by a saturated humid air gauge.
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